EP0509347A1 - System for monitoring the operation of a steam turbine - Google Patents

System for monitoring the operation of a steam turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0509347A1
EP0509347A1 EP92105807A EP92105807A EP0509347A1 EP 0509347 A1 EP0509347 A1 EP 0509347A1 EP 92105807 A EP92105807 A EP 92105807A EP 92105807 A EP92105807 A EP 92105807A EP 0509347 A1 EP0509347 A1 EP 0509347A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam
relative
turbine
percentage value
steam quantity
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Granted
Application number
EP92105807A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0509347B1 (en
Inventor
Paul Dipl.-Ing. Girbig
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F01D1/02—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines
    • F01D1/023—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines the working-fluid being divided into several separate flows ; several separate fluid flows being united in a single flow; the machine or engine having provision for two or more different possible fluid flow paths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/02—Arrangement of sensing elements
    • F01D17/04—Arrangement of sensing elements responsive to load
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for monitoring the operating state of a steam turbine, to which an adjustable amount of inlet steam can be supplied and a variable, partially relaxed amount of steam can be extracted. It is also directed to an apparatus for performing the method.
  • Such a monitoring device is usually used in the control room of a power plant.
  • the respective operating point determined by the amount of inlet steam and the power output is made visible on a screen of a display device within a steam extraction diagram of the turbine.
  • absolute deflection values of the inlet steam quantity and the power of the turbine generator are fed to the deflection system of the screen.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of designing a method and a device of the type mentioned at the outset such that, regardless of changes in the steam state, simple means enable a clear representation when monitoring the operating state of a steam turbine.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention in that firstly a percentage value for the inlet steam quantity and from this relative inlet steam quantity a percentage value for the turbine power is determined, and then within a characteristic field for different extraction steam quantities the respective one by the relative inlet steam quantity and the relative turbine power specific operating point is shown.
  • the relative turbine power is formed from the sum of the relative partial powers, each relative partial power being determined from the relative amount of steam supplied to each turbine part.
  • the relative amount of withdrawal steam can expediently be determined from the difference between the relative amounts of steam supplied to the turbine parts.
  • the object is achieved in a steam turbine in which the amount of inlet steam that can be supplied is adjustable with an actuator, according to the invention with means for converting a position signal of the actuator into a percentage value of the corresponding inlet steam quantity, with further means for converting the percentage value of the inlet steam quantity into a percentage value of the turbine power, and with a display device with a screen on which the respective operating point determined by the relative input steam amount and the relative turbine power can be represented within a characteristic field for different extraction steam amounts.
  • display fields for displaying absolute and relative state variables preferably steam pressure and steam temperature and steam quantity, are provided on the screen. This provides the operating personnel with additional information about the operating state of the steam turbine.
  • the advantages achieved by the invention are, in particular, that due to the transformation of the determined values for the respective steam quantity and the corresponding turbine output into relative sizes, the limits of the extraction steam diagram displayed on the screen are unchanged in every actual state. It is possible to monitor a steam turbine system in a compact and clear form on a few centimeters large display area regardless of steam conditions.
  • the operating state of the steam turbine is advantageously represented by a crosshair within a coordinate system from which both the operating and power limits and the corresponding reserves of the steam turbine can be seen.
  • a crosshair within a coordinate system from which both the operating and power limits and the corresponding reserves of the steam turbine can be seen.
  • the drawing shows a steam turbine and a monitoring device according to the invention with a measuring circuit and a display device in a schematic representation.
  • the figure shows the steam turbine 1 with a high-pressure turbine part 2 and a low-pressure turbine part 3.
  • the turbine parts 2 and 3 drive a generator 5 via a common shaft 4.
  • Steam is supplied to the steam turbine 1 via a live steam line 6, which after relaxation in the high-pressure turbine part 2 is supplied to the low-pressure turbine part 3 in whole or in part in the direction of arrow 8 via a line 7.
  • part of the partially expanded steam can be removed at a removal point 10 of the turbine part 2.
  • the steam released in the low-pressure turbine part 3 leaves the steam turbine 1 in the direction of the arrow 11 and is e.g. fed to a capacitor (not shown).
  • an actuator or valve 12 or 13 are switched on.
  • the amount of steam E entering the steam turbine 1 is set with the valve 12. Accordingly, the amount of steam E 'entering the turbine part 3 is set with the valve 13.
  • the actuators or valves 12 and 13 each have a signal line 14 or 15 via which the signals corresponding to the positions of the actuators 12 or 13 are fed to a device 20 for processing measured values, shown in broken lines.
  • the device 20 comprises a first converter 22 connected to the signal line 14 and a second converter 23 connected to the signal line 15.
  • the percentage value RE determined in the converter 22 thus corresponds to the relative amount of steam that enters the high-pressure turbine part 2 of the steam turbine 1.
  • the percentage value RE 'determined in the converter 23 corresponds to the fictitious relative amount of steam that will enter from the high-pressure turbine part 2 into the low-pressure turbine part 3 of the steam turbine 1 when this amount of steam has flowed into the high-pressure turbine part 2 of the steam turbine 1.
  • the percentage value RE determined in the converter 22 is fed via a signal line 24 to a display device 25 with a screen 26.
  • This value RE forms the y coordinate in a coordinate field 27 shown on the screen 26.
  • the percentage value RE determined in the converter 22 is also fed to a further converter 31 via a line 30.
  • the relative entry steam quantity RE e.g. converted into a percentage value P for the turbine power of the high-pressure turbine part 2 on the basis of a stored value table.
  • This percentage value P is likewise supplied to the display device 25 via lines 32 and 40.
  • the percentage value RE 'determined in the converter 23 is fed via a line 50 to a subtractor 51 and via a line 52 to a converter 53.
  • the converter 53 serves to determine the relative or percentage turbine power P.
  • a percentage value P ′, determined in the converter 53 from the relative steam quantity RE ′ supplied to the turbine part 3, for the partial power of the turbine part 3 is in a summing element 54 the relative partial output of the turbine part 2 added.
  • the relative turbine power P of the steam turbine 1 determined in this way is fed via line 40 to the display device 25 and forms the x coordinate in the coordinate field 27 shown on the screen 26. In the event that no steam is fed to the turbine part 3 only the percentage value P determined in the converter 31 and supplied via the lines 32 and 40 to the display device 25 is the x coordinate.
  • the working point determined by the x and y coordinates is depicted in the form of a light spot or crosshair 41 within a sampling steam diagram 42.
  • the extraction steam diagram 42 is formed by a number of characteristic curves 43 displayed on the screen 26.
  • a subtractor 51 to which the percentage value RE from the converter 22 is fed via a line 55, the difference between the percentage values RE and RE 'for the steam quantities E and E' in the turbine parts 2 and 3 becomes that at the extraction point 10 emerging relative extraction steam quantity determined.
  • This percentage value K determined in the subtractor 51 is fed via a line 56 to the display device 25 and displayed on the screen 26 in a display field 60 as a relative or absolute numerical value.
  • numerical values for the current turbine power or inlet steam quantity, or for the positions of the actuators or valves 12 and 13 are additionally displayed in percent or absolute.
  • a further display field 63 the relative amounts of steam supplied to the turbine parts 2 and 3, e.g. in the form of vertical bars along a percentage scale.
  • a selection element 65 is connected to line 50, to which the percentage value RE determined in converter 22 is fed via line 66.
  • the selector 65 compares the percentage values RE and RE 'from the converters 22 and 23 with one another and corrects values that are less than zero. Such a value can arise, for example, if the valve 13 is opened further than the valve 12, but at the same time a comparatively smaller amount of steam flows through the valve 13 due to steam extraction.
  • the smaller of the two values RE, RE ' is fed via line 50 to converter 53 and subtractor 51.
  • the positions of the actuators or valves 12 and 13 can also be supplied to the display device 25 directly, for example via signal lines (not shown) directly connected to the valves 12 and 13, and there in a further display field (not shown), for example in the form of vertical bars along a percentage scale.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

In order to monitor the operational status of a steam turbine (1) which can be fed an adjustable input steam quantity (E) and from which a variable partially expanded steam quantity can be extracted, the first step according to the invention is to determine a percentage value (RE) for the inlet steam quantity (E), after which a percentage value (P) for the turbine output is determined from this relative inlet steam quantity (RE). Subsequently, the respective working point determined by the relative inlet steam quantity (RE) and the relative turbine output (P) is represented inside a family of characteristics (43) for different extracted steam quantities. The device comprises means (22) for converting an actuating signal of an actuator (12) into a percentage value (RE) of the corresponding inlet steam quantity (E) and further means (31) for converting the percentage value (RE) of the inlet steam quantity (E) into a percentage value (P) of the turbine output, as well as a display device (25) with a screen (26) on which an extracted steam diagram (42) is represented. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Überwachung des Betriebszustandes einer Dampfturbine, der eine einstellbare Eintrittsdampfmenge zuführbar und eine veränderbare teilentspannte Dampfmenge entnehmbar ist. Sie richtet sich weiter auf eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for monitoring the operating state of a steam turbine, to which an adjustable amount of inlet steam can be supplied and a variable, partially relaxed amount of steam can be extracted. It is also directed to an apparatus for performing the method.

Eine derartige Überwachungseinrichtung wird üblicherweise in der Schaltwarte eines Kraftwerkes eingesetzt. Bei einer aus der DE-OS 2 032 143 bekannten Einrichtung wird auf einem Bildschirm einer Anzeigevorrichtung innerhalb eines Entnahmedampf-Diagramms der Turbine der jeweilige, durch Eintrittsdampfmenge und abgegebene Leistung bestimmte Arbeitspunkt sichtbar gemacht. Zur Ermittlung des Arbeitspunkts werden dem Ablenksystem des Bildschirms, absolute Meßwerte der Eintrittsdampfmenge und der Leistung des Turbinengenerators zugeführt. Durch die Verwendung von absoluten Meßwerten besteht allerdings die Gefahr, daß bei einer Änderung des Dampfzustandes, z.B. des Dampfdrucks oder der Dampftemperatur, Abweichungen zwischen den fest vorgegebenen Entnahmedampfgrenzen und den Kennlinien des auf dem Bildschirm dargestellten Entnahmedampf-Diagramms auftreten.Such a monitoring device is usually used in the control room of a power plant. In a device known from DE-OS 2 032 143, the respective operating point determined by the amount of inlet steam and the power output is made visible on a screen of a display device within a steam extraction diagram of the turbine. To determine the operating point, absolute deflection values of the inlet steam quantity and the power of the turbine generator are fed to the deflection system of the screen. However, by using absolute measured values, there is a risk that if the vapor state changes, e.g. of the steam pressure or the steam temperature, deviations between the fixed predefined extraction steam limits and the characteristics of the extraction steam diagram shown on the screen occur.

Es besteht zwar die Möglichkeit, mit elektronischen Mitteln durch ständige Aktualisierung des Entnahmedampf-Diagramms auf dem Bildschirm eine Anpassung an veränderte Dampfzustände zu erreichen. Allerdings ist bei einem derartigen wachsenden und schrumpfenden Entnahmedampf-Diagramm eine übersichtliche Darstellung nicht möglich.It is possible to adapt to changing steam conditions by means of electronic means by constantly updating the sampling steam diagram on the screen. However, with such a growing and shrinking extraction steam diagram, a clear representation is not possible.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art so auszugestalten, daß unabhängig von Änderungen des Dampfzustandes mit einfachen Mitteln eine übersichtliche Darstellung bei der Überwachung des Betriebszustands einer Dampfturbine ermöglicht wird.The invention is therefore based on the object of designing a method and a device of the type mentioned at the outset such that, regardless of changes in the steam state, simple means enable a clear representation when monitoring the operating state of a steam turbine.

Bezüglich des Verfahrens wird die gestellte Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß zunächst ein prozentualer Wert für die Eintrittsdampfmenge und aus dieser relativen Eintrittsdampfmenge ein prozentualer Wert für die Turbinenleistung ermittelt wird, und daß anschließend innerhalb eines Kennlinienfeldes für unterschiedliche Entnahmedampfmengen der jeweilige durch die relative Eintrittsdampfmenge und die relative Turbinenleistung bestimmte Arbeitspunkt dargestellt wird.With regard to the method, the object is achieved according to the invention in that firstly a percentage value for the inlet steam quantity and from this relative inlet steam quantity a percentage value for the turbine power is determined, and then within a characteristic field for different extraction steam quantities the respective one by the relative inlet steam quantity and the relative turbine power specific operating point is shown.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird bei einer Dampfturbine mit mehreren Turbinenteilen die relative Turbinenleistung aus der Summe der relativen Teilleistungen gebildet, wobei jede relative Teilleistung aus der jedem Turbinenteil zugeführten relativen Dampfmenge ermittelt wird. Dabei kann zweckmäßigerweise aus der Differenz der den Turbinenteilen zugeführten relativen Dampfmengen die relative Entnahmedampfmenge ermittelt werden.According to an advantageous development of the method according to the invention, in a steam turbine with a plurality of turbine parts, the relative turbine power is formed from the sum of the relative partial powers, each relative partial power being determined from the relative amount of steam supplied to each turbine part. In this case, the relative amount of withdrawal steam can expediently be determined from the difference between the relative amounts of steam supplied to the turbine parts.

Bezüglich der Vorrichtung wird die gestellte Aufgabe bei einer Dampfturbine, bei der die zuführbare Eintrittsdampfmenge mit einem Stellglied einstellbar ist, erfindungsgemäß gelöst mit Mitteln zum Umformen eines Stellungssignals des Stellglieds in einen prozentualen Wert der entsprechenden Eintrittsdampfmenge, mit weiteren Mitteln zum Umformen des prozentualen Werts der Eintrittsdampfmenge in einen prozentualen Wert der Turbinenleistung, und mit einer Anzeigevorrichtung mit einem Bildschirm, auf dem innerhalb eines Kennlinienfeldes für unterschiedliche Entnahmedampfmengen der jeweilige durch die relative Eintrittsdampfmenge und die relative Turbinenleistung bestimmte Arbeitspunkt darstellbar ist.With regard to the device, the object is achieved in a steam turbine in which the amount of inlet steam that can be supplied is adjustable with an actuator, according to the invention with means for converting a position signal of the actuator into a percentage value of the corresponding inlet steam quantity, with further means for converting the percentage value of the inlet steam quantity into a percentage value of the turbine power, and with a display device with a screen on which the respective operating point determined by the relative input steam amount and the relative turbine power can be represented within a characteristic field for different extraction steam amounts.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung sind auf dem Bildschirm Anzeigefelder zum Anzeigen von absoluten und relativen Zustandsgrößen, vorzugsweise Dampfdruck und Dampftemperatur sowie Dampfmenge, vorgesehen. Dadurch stehen dem Bedienpersonal zusätzliche Informationen über den Betriebszustand der Dampfturbine zur Verfügung.According to an advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, display fields for displaying absolute and relative state variables, preferably steam pressure and steam temperature and steam quantity, are provided on the screen. This provides the operating personnel with additional information about the operating state of the steam turbine.

Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile bestehen insbesondere darin, daß aufgrund der Umformung der ermittelten Werte für die jeweilige Dampfmenge und die entsprechende Turbinenleistung in relative Größen die auf dem Bildschirm angezeigten Grenzen des Entnahmedampf-Diagramms bei jedem Ist-Zustand unverändert sind. Dabei ist eine Überwachung einer Dampfturbinenanlage in kompakter und übersichtlicher Form auf einer wenige Zentimeter großen Anzeigefläche unabhängig von Dampfzuständen möglich.The advantages achieved by the invention are, in particular, that due to the transformation of the determined values for the respective steam quantity and the corresponding turbine output into relative sizes, the limits of the extraction steam diagram displayed on the screen are unchanged in every actual state. It is possible to monitor a steam turbine system in a compact and clear form on a few centimeters large display area regardless of steam conditions.

Die Darstellung des Betriebszustands der Dampfturbine erfolgt vorteilhafterweise durch ein Fadenkreuz innerhalb eines Koordinatensystems, aus dem sowohl die Betriebs- und die Leistungsgrenzen als auch die entsprechenden Reserven der Dampfturbine ersichtlich sind. Neben der graphischen Darstellung des aktuellen Betriebs- oder Arbeitspunktes innerhalb des Koordinatenfeldes können vorteilhafterweise zusätzlich aktuelle Meßwerte in digitaler Form angezeigt und mit Farbwechsel unterlegte Störungsmeldungen eingeblendet werden. Bei notwendigen Stelleingriffen und Störmeldungen kann über eine unterhalb der Graphik aufgeführte Menüauswahl in Detaildarstellungen der Dampfturbinenanlage oder in Betriebs- und Störmeldetabellen gesprungen werden.The operating state of the steam turbine is advantageously represented by a crosshair within a coordinate system from which both the operating and power limits and the corresponding reserves of the steam turbine can be seen. In addition to the graphical representation of the current operating or working point within the coordinate field, it is advantageously also possible to display current measured values in digital form and to display fault messages with color changes. If necessary intervention and fault messages can be jumped to via a menu selection below the graphic in detailed representations of the steam turbine system or in operating and fault message tables.

Zur näheren Erläuterung der Erfindung wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel anhand einer Zeichnung beschrieben. Die Zeichnung zeigt eine Dampfturbine und eine erfindungsgemäße Überwachungsvorrichtung mit einer Meßschaltung und einer Anzeigeeinrichtung in einer schematischen Darstellung.For a more detailed explanation of the invention, an embodiment is described with reference to a drawing. The drawing shows a steam turbine and a monitoring device according to the invention with a measuring circuit and a display device in a schematic representation.

Die Figur zeigt die Dampfturbine 1 mit einem Hochdruck-Turbinenteil 2 und einem Niederdruck-Turbinenteil 3. Die Turbinenteile 2 und 3 treiben über eine gemeinsame Welle 4 einen Generator 5 an.The figure shows the steam turbine 1 with a high-pressure turbine part 2 and a low-pressure turbine part 3. The turbine parts 2 and 3 drive a generator 5 via a common shaft 4.

Der Dampfturbine 1 wird über eine Frischdampfleitung 6 Dampf zugeführt, der nach Entspannung im Hochdruck-Turbinenteil 2 ganz oder teilweise in Richtung des Pfeils 8 über eine Leitung 7 dem Niederdruck-Turbinenteil 3 zugeführt wird. Wie durch Pfeil 9 angedeutet, kann ein Teil des teilentspannten Dampfes an einer Entnahmestelle 10 des Turbinenteils 2 entnommen werden. Der im Niederdruck-Turbinenteil 3 entspannte Dampf verläßt die Dampfturbine 1 in Richtung des Pfeils 11 und wird z.B. einem Kondensator (nicht dargestellt) zugeführt.Steam is supplied to the steam turbine 1 via a live steam line 6, which after relaxation in the high-pressure turbine part 2 is supplied to the low-pressure turbine part 3 in whole or in part in the direction of arrow 8 via a line 7. As indicated by arrow 9, part of the partially expanded steam can be removed at a removal point 10 of the turbine part 2. The steam released in the low-pressure turbine part 3 leaves the steam turbine 1 in the direction of the arrow 11 and is e.g. fed to a capacitor (not shown).

In die Frischdampfleitung 6 sowie in die Leitung 7 sind jeweils ein Stellglied oder Ventil 12 bzw. 13 eingeschaltet. Mit dem Ventil 12 wird die in die Dampfturbine 1 eintretende Dampfmenge E eingestellt. Entsprechend wird mit dem Ventil 13 die in den Turbinenteil 3 eintretende Dampfmenge E' eingestellt.In the live steam line 6 and in the line 7, an actuator or valve 12 or 13 are switched on. The amount of steam E entering the steam turbine 1 is set with the valve 12. Accordingly, the amount of steam E 'entering the turbine part 3 is set with the valve 13.

Von den Stellgliedern oder Ventilen 12 und 13 geht jeweils eine Signalleitung 14 bzw. 15 aus, über die den Positionen der Stellglieder 12 bzw. 13 entsprechende Signale einer gestrichelt dargestellten Einrichtung 20 zur Meßwertaufbereitung zugeführt werden.The actuators or valves 12 and 13 each have a signal line 14 or 15 via which the signals corresponding to the positions of the actuators 12 or 13 are fed to a device 20 for processing measured values, shown in broken lines.

Die Einrichtung 20 umfaßt einen an die Signalleitung 14 angeschlossenen ersten Umformer 22 und einen an die Signalleitung 15 angeschlossenen zweiten Umformer 23. In den Umformern 22 und 23 werden die den Stellungen der Stellglieder 12 bzw. 13 entsprechenden Signale, z.B. anhand von Vergleichswerten oder Kennlinien, in prozentuale Werte RE bzw. RE' für relative Dampfmengen umgeformt. Der im Umformer 22 ermittelte prozentuale Wert RE entspricht somit der relativen Dampfmenge, die in den Hochdruck-Turbinenteil 2 der Dampfturbine 1 eintritt.The device 20 comprises a first converter 22 connected to the signal line 14 and a second converter 23 connected to the signal line 15. In the converters 22 and 23, the signals corresponding to the positions of the actuators 12 and 13, for example on the basis of comparison values or characteristics, converted into percentage values RE or RE 'for relative amounts of steam. The percentage value RE determined in the converter 22 thus corresponds to the relative amount of steam that enters the high-pressure turbine part 2 of the steam turbine 1.

Der im Umformer 23 ermittelte prozentuale Wert RE' entspricht der fiktiven relativen Dampfmenge, die vom Hochdruck-Turbinenteil 2 in den Niederdruck-Turbinenteil 3 der Dampfturbine 1 eintreten wird, wenn diese Dampfmenge in den Hochdruck-Turbinenteil 2 der Dampfturbine 1 eingeströmt ist.The percentage value RE 'determined in the converter 23 corresponds to the fictitious relative amount of steam that will enter from the high-pressure turbine part 2 into the low-pressure turbine part 3 of the steam turbine 1 when this amount of steam has flowed into the high-pressure turbine part 2 of the steam turbine 1.

Der im Umformer 22 ermittelte prozentuale Wert RE wird über eine Signalleitung 24 einer Anzeigevorrichtung 25 mit einem Bildschirm 26 zugeführt. Dieser Wert RE bildet die y-Koordinate in einem auf dem Bildschirm 26 dargestellten Koordinatenfeld 27.The percentage value RE determined in the converter 22 is fed via a signal line 24 to a display device 25 with a screen 26. This value RE forms the y coordinate in a coordinate field 27 shown on the screen 26.

Der im Umformer 22 ermittelte prozentuale Wert RE wird außerdem über eine Leitung 30 einem weiteren Umformer 31 zugeführt. Mit dem Umformer 31 wird die relative Eintrittsdampfmenge RE, z.B. anhand einer gespeicherten Wertetabelle, in einen prozentualen Wert P für die Turbinenleistung des Hochdruck-Turbinenteils 2 umgeformt. Dieser prozentuale Wert P wird über Leitungen 32 und 40 ebenfalls der Anzeigeeinrichtung 25 zugeführt.The percentage value RE determined in the converter 22 is also fed to a further converter 31 via a line 30. With the converter 31, the relative entry steam quantity RE, e.g. converted into a percentage value P for the turbine power of the high-pressure turbine part 2 on the basis of a stored value table. This percentage value P is likewise supplied to the display device 25 via lines 32 and 40.

Der in dem Umformer 23 ermittelte prozentuale Wert RE' wird über eine Leitung 50 einem Subtrahierglied 51 und über eine Leitung 52 einem Umformer 53 zugeführt. Der Umformer 53 dient - wie der Umformer 31 - zur Ermittlung der relativen oder prozentualen Turbinenleistung P. Dazu wird ein im Umformer 53 aus der dem Turbinenteil 3 zugeführten relativen Dampfmenge RE' ermittelter prozentualer Wert P' für die Teilleistung des Turbinenteils 3 in einem Summierglied 54 der relativen Teilleistung des Turbinenteils 2 hinzuaddiert. Die auf diese Weise ermittelte relative Turbinenleistung P der Dampfturbine 1 wird über die Leitung 40 der Anzeigeeinrichtung 25 zugeführt und bildet die x-Koordinate in dem auf dem Bildschirm 26 dargestellten Koordinatenfeld 27. Für den Fall, daß dem Turbinenteil 3 kein Dampf zugeführt wird, bildet allein der im Umformer 31 ermittelte und über die Leitungen 32 und 40 der Anzeigeeinrichtung 25 zugeführte prozentuale Wert P die x-Koordinate.The percentage value RE 'determined in the converter 23 is fed via a line 50 to a subtractor 51 and via a line 52 to a converter 53. The converter 53, like the converter 31, serves to determine the relative or percentage turbine power P. For this purpose, a percentage value P ′, determined in the converter 53 from the relative steam quantity RE ′ supplied to the turbine part 3, for the partial power of the turbine part 3 is in a summing element 54 the relative partial output of the turbine part 2 added. The relative turbine power P of the steam turbine 1 determined in this way is fed via line 40 to the display device 25 and forms the x coordinate in the coordinate field 27 shown on the screen 26. In the event that no steam is fed to the turbine part 3 only the percentage value P determined in the converter 31 and supplied via the lines 32 and 40 to the display device 25 is the x coordinate.

Der durch die x- und y-Koordinate bestimmte Arbeitspunkt wird in Form eines Lichtpunktes oder Fadenkreuzes 41 innerhalb eines Entnahmedampf-Diagramms 42 abgebildet. Das Entnahmedampf-Diagramm 42 wird durch eine Anzahl von auf dem Bilschirm 26 angezeigten Kennlinien 43 gebildet.The working point determined by the x and y coordinates is depicted in the form of a light spot or crosshair 41 within a sampling steam diagram 42. The extraction steam diagram 42 is formed by a number of characteristic curves 43 displayed on the screen 26.

In einem Subtrahierglied 51, dem über eine Leitung 55 der prozentuale Wert RE aus dem Umformer 22 zugeführt wird, wird aus der Differenz zwischen den prozentualen Werten RE und RE' für die Dampfmengen E und E' in den Turbinenteilen 2 und 3 die an der Entnahmestelle 10 austretende relative Entnahmedampfmenge ermittelt. Dieser im Subtrahierglied 51 ermittelte prozentuale Wert K wird über eine Leitung 56 der Anzeigeeinrichtung 25 zugeführt und auf dem Bildschirm 26 in einem Anzeigefeld 60 als relativer oder absoluter Zahlenwert angezeigt. In weiteren Anzeigefeldern 61 und 62 werden zusätzlich Zahlenwerte für die aktuelle Turbinenleistung oder Eintrittsdampfmenge, bzw. für die Positionen der Stellglieder oder Ventile 12 und 13, in Prozent oder absolut angezeigt. In einem weiteren Anzeigefeld 63 werden die den Turbinenteilen 2 und 3 zugeführten relativen Dampfmengen, z.B. in Form von vertikalen Balken entlang einer Prozenteskala, angezeigt.In a subtractor 51, to which the percentage value RE from the converter 22 is fed via a line 55, the difference between the percentage values RE and RE 'for the steam quantities E and E' in the turbine parts 2 and 3 becomes that at the extraction point 10 emerging relative extraction steam quantity determined. This percentage value K determined in the subtractor 51 is fed via a line 56 to the display device 25 and displayed on the screen 26 in a display field 60 as a relative or absolute numerical value. In additional display fields 61 and 62, numerical values for the current turbine power or inlet steam quantity, or for the positions of the actuators or valves 12 and 13, are additionally displayed in percent or absolute. In a further display field 63 the relative amounts of steam supplied to the turbine parts 2 and 3, e.g. in the form of vertical bars along a percentage scale.

In die Leitung 50 ist ein Auswahlglied 65 geschaltet, dem über eine Leitung 66 der im Umformer 22 ermittelte prozentuale Wert RE zugeführt wird. Das Auswahlglied 65 vergleicht die prozentualen Werte RE und RE' aus den Umformern 22 und 23 miteinander und korrigiert Werte, die kleiner als Null sind. Ein derartiger Wert kann z.B. entstehen, wenn das Ventil 13 zwar weiter geöffnet ist als das Ventil 12, gleichzeitig aber aufgrund einer Dampfentnahme eine vergleichsweise geringere Dampfmenge durch das Ventil 13 strömt. Der kleinere der beiden Werte RE, RE' wird über die Leitung 50 dem Umformer 53 und dem Subtrahierglied 51 zugeführt.A selection element 65 is connected to line 50, to which the percentage value RE determined in converter 22 is fed via line 66. The selector 65 compares the percentage values RE and RE 'from the converters 22 and 23 with one another and corrects values that are less than zero. Such a value can arise, for example, if the valve 13 is opened further than the valve 12, but at the same time a comparatively smaller amount of steam flows through the valve 13 due to steam extraction. The smaller of the two values RE, RE 'is fed via line 50 to converter 53 and subtractor 51.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Überwachung des Betriebszustandes einer Dampfturbine 1 anhand von relativen Werten RE, RE' und P für die Dampfmengen und die Turbinenleistung wird erreicht, daß keine Differenz zwischen den vorgegebenen oder vorprogrammierten Dampfgrenzen in den Stellgliedern 12, 13 und den auf dem Bildschirm 26 dargestellten Grenzen des Entnahmedampf-Diagramms 42 entsteht.By monitoring the operating state of a steam turbine 1 according to the invention on the basis of relative values RE, RE 'and P for the steam quantities and the turbine power, it is achieved that there is no difference between the predetermined or preprogrammed steam limits in the actuators 12, 13 and those shown on the screen 26 Limits of the extraction steam diagram 42 arise.

Die Positionen der Stellglieder oder Ventile 12 und 13 können der Anzeigeeinrichtung 25 auch direkt, zum Beispiel über direkt mit den Ventilen 12 und 13 verbundene Signalleitungen (nicht dargestellt), zugeführt und dort in einem weiteren Anzeigefeld (nicht dargestellt), zum Beispiel in Form von vertikalen Balken entlang einer Prozentskala, angezeigt werden.The positions of the actuators or valves 12 and 13 can also be supplied to the display device 25 directly, for example via signal lines (not shown) directly connected to the valves 12 and 13, and there in a further display field (not shown), for example in the form of vertical bars along a percentage scale.

Claims (5)

Verfahren zur Überwachung des Betriebszustandes einer Dampfturbine, der eine einstellbare Eintrittsdampfmenge (E) zuführbar und eine veränderbare teilentspannte Dampfmenge entnehmbar ist, - bei dem zunächst ein prozentualer Wert (RE) für die Eintrittsdampfmenge (E) und aus dieser relativen Eintrittsdampfmenge (RE) ein prozentualer Wert (P) für die Turbinenleistung ermittelt wird, und - bei dem anschließend innerhalb eines Kennlinienfeldes (43) für unterschiedliche Entnahmedampfmengen der jeweilige durch die relative Eintrittsdampfmenge (RE) und die relative Turbinenleistung (P) bestimmte Arbeitspunkt dargestellt wird. Method for monitoring the operating state of a steam turbine, to which an adjustable inlet steam quantity (E) can be supplied and a variable, partially expanded steam quantity can be extracted, - in which a percentage value (RE) for the entry steam quantity (E) and from this relative entry steam quantity (RE) a percentage value (P) for the turbine output are determined, and - In which the respective operating point determined by the relative inlet steam quantity (RE) and the relative turbine power (P) is then displayed within a characteristic field (43) for different extraction steam quantities. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei einer Dampfturbine (1) mit mehreren Turbinenteilen (2, 3) die relative Turbinenleistung (P) aus der Summe der relativen Teilleistungen (P') gebildet wird, wobei jede relative Teilleistung (P') aus der jedem Turbinenteil zugeführten relativen Dampfmenge (RE, RE') ermittelt wird.Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that, in the case of a steam turbine (1) with a plurality of turbine parts (2, 3), the relative turbine power (P) is formed from the sum of the relative partial powers (P '), each relative partial power (P') being supplied from each turbine part relative amount of steam (RE, RE ') is determined. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß aus der Differenz der den Turbinenteilen (2, 3) zugeführten relativen Dampfmengen (RE, RE') die relative Entnahmedampfmenge ermittelt wird.Method according to claim 2,
characterized in that the relative extraction steam quantity is determined from the difference between the relative steam quantities (RE, RE ') supplied to the turbine parts (2, 3). Vorrichtung zur Überwachung des Betriebszustands einer Dampfturbine (1), der eine mit einem Stellglied (12) einstellbare Eintrittsdampfmenge (E) zuführbar ist und der eine veränderbare teilentspannte Dampfmenge entnehmbar ist, - mit Mitteln (22) zum Umformen eines Stellungssignals des Stellglieds (12) in einen prozentualen Wert (RE) der entsprechenden Eintrittsdampfmenge (E), - mit weiteren Mitteln (31) zum Umformen des prozentualen Werts (RE) der Eintrittsdampfmenge (E) in einen prozentualen Wert (P) der Turbinenleistung, und - mit einer Anzeigevorrichtung (25) mit einem Bildschirm (26), auf dem innerhalb eines Kennlinienfeldes (43) für unterschiedliche Entnahmedampfmengen der jeweilige durch die relative Eintrittsdampfmenge (RE) und die relative Turbinenleistung (P) bestimmte Arbeitspunkt darstellbar ist. Device for monitoring the operating state of a steam turbine (1), to which an inlet steam quantity (E) adjustable with an actuator (12) can be fed and from which a variable, partially relaxed steam quantity can be extracted, - With means (22) for converting a position signal of the actuator (12) into a percentage value (RE) of the corresponding amount of inlet steam (E), - With further means (31) for reshaping the percentage Value (RE) of the inlet steam quantity (E) into a percentage value (P) of the turbine power, and - With a display device (25) with a screen (26) on which the respective operating point determined by the relative inlet steam quantity (RE) and the relative turbine power (P) can be represented within a characteristic field (43) for different extraction steam quantities. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf dem Bildschirm (26) Anzeigefelder (60, 61, 62, 63) zum Anzeigen von absoluten und/oder relativen Betriebs- oder Zustandsgrößen, vorzugsweise Dampfdruck und Dampftemperatur sowie Dampfmenge, vorgesehen sind.Device according to claim 4,
characterized in that on the screen (26) display fields (60, 61, 62, 63) are provided for displaying absolute and / or relative operating or state variables, preferably steam pressure and steam temperature and steam quantity.
EP92105807A 1991-04-16 1992-04-03 System for monitoring the operation of a steam turbine Expired - Lifetime EP0509347B1 (en)

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DE4112427 1991-04-16

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US5201180A (en) 1993-04-13
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DE59201216D1 (en) 1995-03-02
ATE117407T1 (en) 1995-02-15
EP0509347B1 (en) 1995-01-18

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