EP0508055A1 - Silver-oxide based electric contact material - Google Patents
Silver-oxide based electric contact material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0508055A1 EP0508055A1 EP92101915A EP92101915A EP0508055A1 EP 0508055 A1 EP0508055 A1 EP 0508055A1 EP 92101915 A EP92101915 A EP 92101915A EP 92101915 A EP92101915 A EP 92101915A EP 0508055 A1 EP0508055 A1 EP 0508055A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- silver
- oxide based
- resistance
- electric contacts
- based material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
- H01H1/021—Composite material
- H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
- H01H1/0237—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides
- H01H1/02372—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides containing as major components one or more oxides of the following elements only: Cd, Sn, Zn, In, Bi, Sb or Te
- H01H1/02376—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides containing as major components one or more oxides of the following elements only: Cd, Sn, Zn, In, Bi, Sb or Te containing as major component SnO2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1078—Alloys containing non-metals by internal oxidation of material in solid state
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
- C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0021—Matrix based on noble metals, Cu or alloys thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
Definitions
- This invention relates to silver-oxide based materials for electric contacts for use in various electrical or electronic apparatus.
- the object of the invention to provide silver-oxide based materials for electric contacts, which have excellent deposition resistance and consumption resistance and hence prolonged service lives.
- the present invention provides a silver-oxide based material for electric contacts, having excellent deposition resistance and consumption resistance, the material being formed by subjecting to an internal oxidation treatment an Ag based alloy consisting essentially of:
- a silver-oxide based material for electric contacts which is formed by subjecting an Ag based alloy consisting essentially of:
- the present invention is based upon the above finding, and the silver-oxide based electric contact material according to the invention has the aforementioned chemical compositions.
- Ag based alloys having chemical compositions shown in Tables 1 and 2 were smelted in an ordinary type high-frequency smelting furnance and cast under conventional ordinary casting conditions into ingots.
- the ingots were each hot extruded into a plate having a thickness of 5mm.
- the plate was then hot rolled, followed by being cold rolled into a sheet having a thickness of 0.6mm.
- the sheet was cut or sliced in its longitudinal direction into a strip having a width of 2mm.
- the strip was subjected to an internal oxidation treatment under an oxygen atmosphere at a temperature of 700°C and for a soaking time of 24 hours.
- the internally oxidized strips were put together and compacted into a billet having a diameter of 70mm.
- the billet was extruded into a diameter of 7mm, followed by being subjected to wire drawing into a wire having a diameter of 2mm. Finally, the wire was formed, by a header machine, into rivets having a head diameter of 4mm, a head height of 1mm, a leg diameter of 2mm, and a leg length of 2mm.
- the obtained rivets were adapted as specimens of the silver-oxide based electric contact material according to the present invention (hereinafter referred to as "the present invention contact materials Nos. 1 - 11”) and specimens of conventional silver-oxide based electric contact materials (hereinafter referred to as "the conventional contact materials Nos. 1 - 11").
- Rivets were formed from Ag based alloys having chemical compositions shown in Tables 3 and 4 under the same conditions as in Example 1 described above, to obtain present invention materials Nos. 14 - 29 and conventional materials Nos. 12 - 17.
- silver-oxide based electric contact materials according to the present invention thus possess excellent deposition resistance and consumption resistance, if they are actually used in various electrical or electronic apparatus, they will greatly contribute to improving the performance of the electrical or electronic apparatus as well as to prolongation of the service lives thereof.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Contacts (AREA)
Abstract
- Sn:
- 4 - 11%;
- In:
- 1 - 5%;
- Te:
- 0.05 - 4%; and
- Ag and inevitable impurities:
- the balance.
- (a) at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, and Co: 0.01 - 1%; and
- (b) Cd: 0.05 - 3%.
Description
- This invention relates to silver-oxide based materials for electric contacts for use in various electrical or electronic apparatus.
- Conventionally, a great many electrical contact materials have been proposed or used in various electrical or electronic apparatus. Among widely used electric contact materials, there is known, e.g. from Japanese Patent Publication (Kokoku) No. 55-4825 an electric contact material which is formed by subjecting an Ag based alloy consisting essentially of, in weight % (hereinafter the percentage is weight %), 5 - 10% Sn, and 1 - 6% In, and, if required, 0.01 - 0.5% at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, and Co, and the balance of Ag and inevitable impurities, to an internal oxidation treatment in which the Ag based alloy is soaked in an oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature of 650 to 750°C for a predetermined time period.
- In recent years, there has been made a remarkable progress in the development of electrical and electronic apparatus having improved performance and prolonged service lives. Accordingly, there is an increasing demand for materials for electric contacts for use in these electrical and electronic apparatus, which have improved deposition resistance and consumption resistance. However, in actuality, conventional electric contact materials inclusive of the above-mentioned known electric contact material do not have sufficient deposition resistance and consumption resistance to satisfy requirements imposed by recently developed electrical and electronic apparatus.
- It is, therefore, the object of the invention to provide silver-oxide based materials for electric contacts, which have excellent deposition resistance and consumption resistance and hence prolonged service lives.
- To attain the above object, the present invention provides a silver-oxide based material for electric contacts, having excellent deposition resistance and consumption resistance, the material being formed by subjecting to an internal oxidation treatment an Ag based alloy consisting essentially of:
- Sn:
- 4 - 11%;
- In:
- 1 - 5%;
- Te:
- 0.05 - 4%; and
- Ag and inevitable impurities:
- the balance.
- If required, at least one of the following elements (a) and (b) may be added:
- (a) at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, and Co: 0.01 - 1%; and
- (b) Cd: 0.05 - 3%.
- The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description.
- Under the above stated circumstances, the present inventors have made many studies in order to obtain silver oxide based electric contact materials having improved deposition resistance and consumption resistance, and reached the following finding:
- A silver-oxide based material for electric contacts, which is formed by subjecting an Ag based alloy consisting essentially of:
- Sn:
- 4 - 11%;
- In:
- 1 - 5%;
- Te:
- 0.05 - 4%;
- (a) at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, and Co: 0.01 - 1%; and
- (b) Cd: 0.05 - 3%; and
Ag and inevitable impurities: the balance, to an internal oxidation treatment under the above-mentioned conditions, i.e.:- Atmosphere:
- Oxidizing atmosphere;
- Oxidizing Temperature:
- 650 - 750°C; and
- Soaking Time:
- 8 - 26hr,
- The present invention is based upon the above finding, and the silver-oxide based electric contact material according to the invention has the aforementioned chemical compositions.
- The reasons for specifying as above the contents of the component elements of the Ag based alloy before being subjected to the internal oxidation treatment will now be described:
- (a) Sn:
The Sn forms oxides in the alloy, which act to enhance the deposition resistance. However, if the Sn content is less than 4%, the deposition content cannot be enhanced to a desired extent, whereas if the Sn content exceeds 11%, the resulting electric contacts will have excessive contact resistance, and further the silver-oxide based material will have degraded workability in manufacturing electric contacts therefrom. Therefore, the Sn content should be limited to a range of 4 to 11%. A preferable Sn content range is 5 to 8%. - (b) In:
The In acts to promote oxidation of the Sn component, and also the In itself forms oxides which act to enchance the deposition resistance and consumption resistance. However, if the In content is less than 1%, the above actions cannot be performed to a satisfactory extent, whereas if the In content exceeds 5%, the resulting electric contact material will even have degraded deposition resistance. Therefore, the In content should be limited to a range of 1 to 5%, and preferably 1.5 to 3%. - (c) Te:
The Te forms oxides which can easily sublime upon generation of an arc due to closure or opening of the electric contacts to thereby further enchance the deposition resistance and consumption resistance. However, if the Te content is less than 0.05%, the above action cannot be performed to a desired extent, while if the Te content is in excess of 4%, it will result in degraded workability. Therefore, the Te content should be limited to a range of 0.05 to 4%, and preferably 0.1 to 1%. - (d) Fe, Ni, and Co:
One or more of these elements may be added according to necessity. If added, they dissolve in the matrix to finely divide the oxides and the Ag grains to thereby improve the deposition resistance. However, if the total content of these elements is below 0.01%, the above action cannot be performed to a satisfactory degree, whereas if the total content exceeds 1%, degraded workability will result. Therefore the total content of Fe, Ni, and Co should be limited a range of 0.01 to 1%, and preferably 0.05 to 0.2%. - (e) Cd:
Cd may be added if required, since the Cd cooperates with the Te to further enhance the deposition resistance. If the Cd content is less than 0.05%, desired improvement in the deposition resistance cannot be obtained, whereas in excess of 3%, the consumption resistance will even degrade. Thus, the Cd content should be limited to a range of 0.05 to 3%, and preferably 0.1 to 2%.
Next, examples of silver-oxide based electric contact materials according to the invention will be described. - Ag based alloys having chemical compositions shown in Tables 1 and 2 were smelted in an ordinary type high-frequency smelting furnance and cast under conventional ordinary casting conditions into ingots. The ingots were each hot extruded into a plate having a thickness of 5mm. The plate was then hot rolled, followed by being cold rolled into a sheet having a thickness of 0.6mm. The sheet was cut or sliced in its longitudinal direction into a strip having a width of 2mm. The strip was subjected to an internal oxidation treatment under an oxygen atmosphere at a temperature of 700°C and for a soaking time of 24 hours. The internally oxidized strips were put together and compacted into a billet having a diameter of 70mm. The billet was extruded into a diameter of 7mm, followed by being subjected to wire drawing into a wire having a diameter of 2mm. Finally, the wire was formed, by a header machine, into rivets having a head diameter of 4mm, a head height of 1mm, a leg diameter of 2mm, and a leg length of 2mm. The obtained rivets were adapted as specimens of the silver-oxide based electric contact material according to the present invention (hereinafter referred to as "the present invention contact materials Nos. 1 - 11") and specimens of conventional silver-oxide based electric contact materials (hereinafter referred to as "the conventional contact materials Nos. 1 - 11").
- Then, electrical tests were conducted on the present invention contact materials Nos. 1 - 13 and the conventional contact materials Nos. 1 - 13 by the use of an electric contact testing machine according to ASTM under the following conditions to examine the number of times of deposition and the amount of consumption in order to evaluate the deposition resistance and the consumption resistance:
- DC Voltage
- : 14V;
- Making Current
- : 150A;
- Breaking Current
- : 30A;
- Switching Time
- : ON for 1 sec. - OFF for 9 Sec.;
- Contact Force
- : 80g;
- Opening Force
- : 80g;
- Number of Times of Switchings
- : 10,000
- The results of the tests are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- Rivets were formed from Ag based alloys having chemical compositions shown in Tables 3 and 4 under the same conditions as in Example 1 described above, to obtain present invention materials Nos. 14 - 29 and conventional materials Nos. 12 - 17.
- Then, electrical tests were conducted on the present invention contact materials Nos. 14 - 29 and the conventional contact materials Nos. 12 - 17 by the use of an electric contact testing machine according to ASTM under the following conditions to examine the number of times of deposition and the amount of consumption in order to evaluate the deposition resistance and the consumption resistance:
DC Voltage : 24V;
Making Current : 100A;
Breaking Current : 20A;
Switching Time : ON for 1 sec. - OFF for 9 Sec.;
Contact Force : 100g;
Opening Force : 100g; - Number of Times of Switchings :
- 5,000
- The results of the tests are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
- It will be learned from Tables 1 to 4 that the present invention contact materials Nos. 1 - 29 all show by far more excellent deposition resistance and consumption resistance than the conventional contact materials Nos. 1 - 17.
- Since silver-oxide based electric contact materials according to the present invention thus possess excellent deposition resistance and consumption resistance, if they are actually used in various electrical or electronic apparatus, they will greatly contribute to improving the performance of the electrical or electronic apparatus as well as to prolongation of the service lives thereof.
Claims (9)
- A silver-oxide based material for electric contacts, having excellent deposition resistance and consumption resistance, said material being formed by subjecting to an internal oxidation treatment an Ag based alloy consisting essentially of:Sn: 4 - 11%;In: 1 - 5%;Te: 0.05 - 4%; andAg and inevitable impurities: the balance.
- A silver-oxide based material for electric contacts, having excellent deposition resistance and consumption resistance, said material being formed by subjecting to an internal oxidation treatment an Ag based alloy consisting essentially of:Sn: 4 - 11%;In: 1 - 5%;Te: 0.05 - 4%; and
at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, and Co: 0.01 - 1%; and
Ag and inevitable impurities: the balance. - A silver-oxide based material for electric contacts, having excellent deposition resistance and consumption resistance, said material being formed by subjecting to an internal oxidation treatment an Ag based alloy consisting essentially of:Sn: 4 - 11%;In: 1 - 5%;Te: 0.05 - 4%;Cd: 0.05 - 3%; andAg and inevitable impurities: the balance.
- A silver-oxide based material for electric contacts, having excellent deposition resistance and consumption resistance, said material being formed by subjecting to an internal oxidation treatment an Ag based alloy consisting essentially of:Sn: 4 - 11%;In: 1 - 5%;Te: 0.05 - 4%;Cd: 0.05 - 3%;
at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, and Co: 0.01 - 1%; andAg and inevitable impurities: the balance. - A silver-oxide based material for electric contacts, as claimed in any of claims 1 - 4, wherein said internal oxidation treatment is carried out under the following conditions:Atmosphere : Oxidizing atmosphere:Oxidizing Temperature : 650 - 750°C; andSoaking Time : 8 - 26hr
- A silver-oxide based material for electric contacts, as claimed in any of claims 1 - 4, wherein Sn is contained in said Ag based alloy in an amount of 5 - 8%.
- A silver-oxide based material for electric contacts, as claimed in any of claims 1 - 4, wherein In is contained in said Ag based alloy in an amount of 1.5 - 3%.
- A silver-oxide based material for electric contacts, as claimed in any of claims 1 - 4, wherein Cd is contained in said Ag based alloy in an amount of 0.1 - 2%.
- A silver-oxide based material for electric contacts, as claimed in any of claims 1 - 4, wherein at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni and Co is contained in said Ag alloy in an amount of 0.05 - 0.2%.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP122024/91 | 1991-04-12 | ||
JP3122024A JPH0762188B2 (en) | 1991-04-12 | 1991-04-12 | Silver-oxide type electrical contact material |
JP276790/91 | 1991-09-27 | ||
JP3276790A JPH0762189B2 (en) | 1991-09-27 | 1991-09-27 | Silver-oxide type electrical contact material |
CA002080201A CA2080201C (en) | 1991-04-12 | 1992-10-08 | Silver-oxide based electric contact material |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0508055A1 true EP0508055A1 (en) | 1992-10-14 |
EP0508055B1 EP0508055B1 (en) | 1997-05-02 |
Family
ID=27169214
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92101915A Revoked EP0508055B1 (en) | 1991-04-12 | 1992-02-05 | Silver-base metal oxide material for electrical contacts |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0508055B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR0121724B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69219397T2 (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5451272A (en) * | 1991-04-12 | 1995-09-19 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Silver-oxide electric contact material for use in switches for high current |
EP1584696A4 (en) * | 2002-08-15 | 2005-10-12 | Tokuriki Honten Company Ltd | METHOD FOR PRODUCING Ag-OXIDE-BASED ELECTRIC CONTACT MATERIAL AND ITS PRODUCT |
US7189656B2 (en) | 2001-06-01 | 2007-03-13 | Tokuriki Honten Co. Ltd. | Method for manufacturing ag-oxide-based electric contact material and product of the same |
DE102009059690A1 (en) | 2009-12-19 | 2011-06-22 | Umicore AG & Co. KG, 63457 | oxidation process |
DE102010014745A1 (en) | 2010-01-15 | 2011-07-21 | Tyco Electronics AMP GmbH, 64625 | Method for manufacturing switchable, electrical contact member for switching or prominent contacts at e.g. electromagnetic relay, involves accessing contacting area for counter contact, via which material of wire is formed |
EP2447379A1 (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2012-05-02 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Oxidation method |
EP2644723A1 (en) | 2012-03-26 | 2013-10-02 | Umicore AG & Co. KG | Composite material |
US9028586B2 (en) | 2011-12-29 | 2015-05-12 | Umicore | Oxidation method |
CN111868864A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2020-10-30 | 田中贵金属工业株式会社 | DC high-voltage relay and contact material for DC high-voltage relay |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100464868B1 (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2005-01-15 | 희성금속 주식회사 | Electric contact material |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1342227A (en) * | 1962-09-24 | 1963-11-08 | Comp Generale Electricite | Alloy for electrical contacts |
US3933485A (en) * | 1973-07-20 | 1976-01-20 | Chugai Denki Kogyo Kabushiki-Kaisha | Electrical contact material |
EP0252492A2 (en) * | 1986-07-08 | 1988-01-13 | Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. | Method of an Ag/metal oxide material for electrical contacts |
EP0388259A1 (en) * | 1989-03-10 | 1990-09-19 | Comptoir Lyon-Alemand - Louyot | Silver and tin oxyde material for use in making electrical contacts, electrical contacts made with this material |
-
1992
- 1992-02-05 EP EP92101915A patent/EP0508055B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1992-02-05 DE DE69219397T patent/DE69219397T2/en not_active Revoked
- 1992-04-08 KR KR1019920005853A patent/KR0121724B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1342227A (en) * | 1962-09-24 | 1963-11-08 | Comp Generale Electricite | Alloy for electrical contacts |
US3933485A (en) * | 1973-07-20 | 1976-01-20 | Chugai Denki Kogyo Kabushiki-Kaisha | Electrical contact material |
EP0252492A2 (en) * | 1986-07-08 | 1988-01-13 | Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. | Method of an Ag/metal oxide material for electrical contacts |
EP0388259A1 (en) * | 1989-03-10 | 1990-09-19 | Comptoir Lyon-Alemand - Louyot | Silver and tin oxyde material for use in making electrical contacts, electrical contacts made with this material |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
ELECTRICAL CONTACTS-1989, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 35TH MEETION OF THE IEEE HOLM CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL CONTACTS 20 September 1989, CHICAGO, US pages 69 - 78; LAMBERT ET AL: 'A NEW DOPED SILVER TIN OXIDE MATERIAL WITH IMPROVED ELECTRICAL BEHAVIOUR' * |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5451272A (en) * | 1991-04-12 | 1995-09-19 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Silver-oxide electric contact material for use in switches for high current |
US7189656B2 (en) | 2001-06-01 | 2007-03-13 | Tokuriki Honten Co. Ltd. | Method for manufacturing ag-oxide-based electric contact material and product of the same |
EP1584696A4 (en) * | 2002-08-15 | 2005-10-12 | Tokuriki Honten Company Ltd | METHOD FOR PRODUCING Ag-OXIDE-BASED ELECTRIC CONTACT MATERIAL AND ITS PRODUCT |
EP1584696A1 (en) * | 2002-08-15 | 2005-10-12 | Tokuriki Honten Company Limited | METHOD FOR PRODUCING Ag-OXIDE-BASED ELECTRIC CONTACT MATERIAL AND ITS PRODUCT |
DE102009059690A1 (en) | 2009-12-19 | 2011-06-22 | Umicore AG & Co. KG, 63457 | oxidation process |
DE102010014745A1 (en) | 2010-01-15 | 2011-07-21 | Tyco Electronics AMP GmbH, 64625 | Method for manufacturing switchable, electrical contact member for switching or prominent contacts at e.g. electromagnetic relay, involves accessing contacting area for counter contact, via which material of wire is formed |
WO2011086167A1 (en) | 2010-01-15 | 2011-07-21 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Electric contact element and method for producing an electric contact element |
US8749330B2 (en) | 2010-01-15 | 2014-06-10 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Electric contact element and method for producing an electric contact element |
EP2634273A1 (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2013-09-04 | Umicore AG & Co. KG | Oxidation method |
EP2447379A1 (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2012-05-02 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Oxidation method |
US9028586B2 (en) | 2011-12-29 | 2015-05-12 | Umicore | Oxidation method |
EP2644723A1 (en) | 2012-03-26 | 2013-10-02 | Umicore AG & Co. KG | Composite material |
WO2013144112A1 (en) | 2012-03-26 | 2013-10-03 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Contact material |
US9928931B2 (en) | 2012-03-26 | 2018-03-27 | Umicore Technical Materials Ag & Co. Kg | Contact material |
CN111868864A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2020-10-30 | 田中贵金属工业株式会社 | DC high-voltage relay and contact material for DC high-voltage relay |
CN111868864B (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2023-02-28 | 田中贵金属工业株式会社 | DC high-voltage relay and contact material for DC high-voltage relay |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR930006167A (en) | 1993-04-20 |
DE69219397D1 (en) | 1997-06-05 |
KR0121724B1 (en) | 1997-12-04 |
EP0508055B1 (en) | 1997-05-02 |
DE69219397T2 (en) | 1997-11-06 |
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