EP0506560A2 - Window with integrated hologram and process for making the hologram - Google Patents

Window with integrated hologram and process for making the hologram Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0506560A2
EP0506560A2 EP92400822A EP92400822A EP0506560A2 EP 0506560 A2 EP0506560 A2 EP 0506560A2 EP 92400822 A EP92400822 A EP 92400822A EP 92400822 A EP92400822 A EP 92400822A EP 0506560 A2 EP0506560 A2 EP 0506560A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hologram
transition zone
glazing
holographic
reflection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92400822A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0506560A3 (en
EP0506560B1 (en
Inventor
Thorsten Dr. Frost
Manfred-Andreas Dr. Beeck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vegla Vereinigte Glaswerke GmbH
Volkswagen AG
Saint Gobain Vitrage SA
Original Assignee
Vegla Vereinigte Glaswerke GmbH
Volkswagen AG
Saint Gobain Vitrage SA
Saint Gobain Vitrage International SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vegla Vereinigte Glaswerke GmbH, Volkswagen AG, Saint Gobain Vitrage SA, Saint Gobain Vitrage International SA filed Critical Vegla Vereinigte Glaswerke GmbH
Publication of EP0506560A2 publication Critical patent/EP0506560A2/en
Publication of EP0506560A3 publication Critical patent/EP0506560A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0506560B1 publication Critical patent/EP0506560B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
    • G03H1/0236—Form or shape of the hologram when not registered to the substrate, e.g. trimming the hologram to alphanumerical shape
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B27/0103—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising holographic elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B27/0103—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising holographic elements
    • G02B2027/0109—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising holographic elements comprising details concerning the making of holograms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
    • G02B2027/012—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility comprising devices for attenuating parasitic image effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0149—Head-up displays characterised by mechanical features
    • G02B2027/0154—Head-up displays characterised by mechanical features with movable elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
    • G03H1/18—Particular processing of hologram record carriers, e.g. for obtaining blazed holograms
    • G03H2001/187—Trimming process, i.e. macroscopically patterning the hologram
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H2222/00—Light sources or light beam properties
    • G03H2222/36—Scanning light beam
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H2260/00—Recording materials or recording processes
    • G03H2260/10—Dichromated gelatine or equivalents

Definitions

  • the invention relates to glazing, in particular a windshield glazing with a hologram whose dimensions are smaller than those of the glazing. It also relates to several methods of manufacturing holograms intended for such glazing.
  • the hologram constitutes for example a holographic mirror capable of reflecting in the field of vision of the driver of the optical information produced elsewhere.
  • the information can optionally be stored directly in the hologram and appear to the driver only when it is illuminated with light of a precise wavelength.
  • Holograms consist of a support film and a layer treated to carry the holographic information.
  • the surface concerned is significantly smaller than the surface of the windshield since the hologram acts only in the main field of vision of the driver.
  • the hologram has a surface smaller than that of the glazing, its limit is constituted at least partially by a straight or curved line situated in the surface of the glazing.
  • European patent application EP 0 415 230 proposes a method to soften the line of demarcation between the area of the hologram and the rest of the glazing.
  • the support layer of the hologram is masked so as to define a frame made up of a large number of photosensitive point areas with between them desensitized point areas.
  • the layer is exposed to generate the hologram only in the photosensitive areas.
  • this method we vary either the number or the density of the desensitized point areas so that the overall desensitized area increases when we approach the limit with the vision area without the hologram, or as a result of l 'increase in individual surfaces, either by increasing their number.
  • the transition at the limit of the zone is discontinuous.
  • a hologram When a hologram is integrated into a larger area of glazing, whatever its function, the transmission and reflection characteristics of the surfaces where the hologram is located are slightly different from those of the neighboring areas of the glazing in which it is integrated.
  • the holograms When the holograms are adapted to a monocromatic light they have in reflection colors which depend on the angle of incidence. These colors are complementary to those of the transmission hologram. The printing of different colors both in reflection and in transmission between the hologram area and the neighboring areas can be troublesome.
  • the invention sets itself the task of perfecting a glazing unit comprising an integrated hologram so that the transition between it and the rest of the glazing unit is noticed as little as possible and that it takes place in a harmonious manner.
  • the transition region between the holographic element and the rest of the glazing a zone where the holographic layer is continuous and in which the reflection decreases continuously following a corresponding modification of the hologram.
  • the hologram is a halftone and the reflection characteristics decrease continuously in the transition zone.
  • the invention is based on the observation that the region of the windshield where the hologram is located is particularly visible because the reflection varies abruptly when crossing the line which constitutes the precise limit of the hologram. There is an abrupt change in contrast here. The eye is fixed on this limit which bothers it. According to the invention, this contrasting line is replaced by a more or less wide transition zone. The reflection and transmission characteristics in this area varying continuously between those of the hologram on the one hand and the rest of the windshield on the other. It follows from the above that under these conditions the presence of the hologram is much better tolerated.
  • the transition zone is equipped with a continuous holographic element, the transmission and reflection characteristics of which change as a function of the very structure of the hologram.
  • the reflection can be modified so that the closer you get to the periphery of the hologram, the more the color of this reflection changes to become less sensitive to the eye.
  • light of complementary energy is added to the laser light so that the sum of the energies is constant at all points of the hologram, which produces a constant hardening of the gelatin layer over the entire surface. the hologram.
  • a hologram with a screen structure in the transition zone and to modify the transmission and reflection characteristics of the point zones of this same hologram.
  • Windshield glazing according to the invention and the method of manufacturing its hologram are explained in the following using the figures.
  • the windshield 1 of FIG. 1 is made of laminated glass and the holographic element 2 has the shape of a circular island surrounded on all sides by the vision zones of the glazing.
  • the hologram support is integrated between the two glasses of the laminated glazing. This is an exemplary embodiment, but other forms are also possible in particular with almost holographic elements which go to the edge of the glazing.
  • Figure 1 shows the case where the hologram plays the role of a semi-reflecting mirror with color selection. It is intended for a system called “head-up” which is also called “combine” which makes it possible to present information in the main field of vision of the driver. In comparison with the dimensions of the windshield, the holographic element 2 has a reduced surface.
  • the holographic element In domain 3 which has the function of a semi-reflecting mirror, the holographic element consists of a continuous layer. This domain 3 is surrounded by a transition zone 4 where the optical phenomena are progressive.
  • FIG. 2 shows a known example of such a transition zone, here, the transition zone 4 consists of a network of points and / or holes.
  • the point deletions 5, 6 of the holographic layer increase from the inside to the outside. While the proportion of the surfaces covered by the holographic layer is of the order of 90 to 95% at the level of the interior holes 5 it is only 10 to 5% at the other end of the zone transition, i.e. at points 6.
  • the holographic element 2 consists in a known manner of a transparent support film, for example polyester, which supports a functional holographic layer.
  • the support film alone has substantially the same transmission and reflection characteristics as the rest of the windshield. It is not he who appears to be annoying.
  • the limit 12 of the transparent support film 13 of the holographic element is practically not detectable in the windshield.
  • a hologram is produced according to a known method intended to act as a mirror by illuminating a layer of approximately 10 ⁇ m of gelatin sensitized to ammonium dichromate with laser beams which interfere.
  • the film support for the gelatin layer is a high-transparency polyester film about 100 ⁇ m thick.
  • the local holographic element is erased in the gelatin layer according to the desired dot pattern. Since holograms based on gelatin are sensitive to humidity, it is very easy to use water to erase the points concerned. At the end of the operation, only the transparent gelatin layer remains at these locations.
  • a reflection hologram is produced directly with a raster transition zone at its periphery at the very moment of the production of the hologram.
  • FIG. 3 shows the device which allows the implementation of this technique.
  • the sensitive layer 17 is supported by the film 16 and it is lit by scanning through its support by means of a laser beam 21 while the film 16 is moved in the direction of the arrow F perpendicular to the light trace.
  • the scanning is obtained as follows: the coherent light beam 21 emitted by the laser 20 passes through an optical focusing device 22 before reaching the reflecting surface of rotating mirrors supported by a rotating polyhedron 23.
  • the characteristics of the optics 22 make it possible to adjust the size of the spot 24, that is to say the width B of the light trace acting on the sensitive layer 17.
  • the axis of rotation of the reflective polyhedron 23 is arranged so that the surface 25 which reflects the laser beam 23 is permanently in the focal plane of the concave cylindrical mirror 26.
  • the rotation of the polyhedron 23 causes the laser beam 21 to move periodically after reflection on the concave mirror 26 and then, after further reflection, on the sensitive layer 17 supported by the film 16. It can be seen that in this way the laser beam 21 moves over the width of the sensitive layer 17 at a determined frequency. She is in agreement with the speed of movement of the support film 16 in the direction of arrow F.
  • an electro-optical modulator 28 On the path of the beam 21 an electro-optical modulator 28 has been placed.
  • This modulator 28 is controlled by a computer so that it interrupts the beam according to a program defined in the peripheral zones of the hologram.
  • a pattern is thus obtained which corresponds to that of the frame used to program the computer.
  • the frame that was used to program the computer is a "positive" frame, that is to say that the areas where light is allowed to pass are the areas that contain the hologram.
  • the hologram After manufacturing the hologram according to the preceding process, it is integrated in the usual manner into the windshield.
  • a reflection hologram is directly produced with a peripheral transition zone using the device of FIG. 3.
  • the electro-optical modulator 28 placed on the path of the laser beam 21 is again controlled by the computer. It is also used to modify the illumination of the transition zone. However, it is no longer a question of creating a frame of points, some with holograms, others without, but on the contrary continuously modifying the intensity of the laser beam, namely giving it a maximum intensity along the central area of the hologram and turn it off at its periphery. A transition zone is thus obtained with a continuous holographic layer but with a decreasing reflection.
  • the holographic element is integrated in the usual manner into the windshield.
  • Example 3 it is also here as in Example 3 to use the scanning to create the transition zone but this time it is the scanning speed at constant intensity which is varied: in the central zone of the hologram the speed is constant and low, and in the transition zone it increases from the interior towards the periphery.
  • the active element is a programmed speed variator which acts on the speed of rotation of the reflecting polyhedron so as to give the scanning speed of the beam on the support film 16 at each point the desired value.
  • a holographic element with a hologram in reflection directly at the same time as its transition zone This one simultaneously has a frame of points and a variation of optical performances in the point elements.
  • the device of FIG. 3 is again used.
  • the electrooptical modulator 28 which acts on the laser beam 21 is also used.
  • the program of the computer which controls the modulator 28 is such that d on the one hand it interrupts the laser beam to reproduce the pattern of dots, but also modulates the intensity in the transition zone.
  • the hologram has in the transition zone a decreasing reflection coefficient and / or a color in reflection and in transmission which evolve continuously.
  • the hologram thus obtained is integrated into the windshield in a conventional manner.
  • a reflection hologram is produced which has in the transition zone a variable reflection coefficient without variation in wavelength.
  • the exposure of the bichromate gelatin layer is carried out in accordance with Examples 3 or 4, that is to say that the energy of the laser light decreases from the center towards the periphery of the transition zone.
  • a second exposure of the bichromate layer is carried out with incoherent ultraviolet light.
  • This UV exposure takes place through a filter which completely hides the central part of the hologram and which constitutes a continuous or discontinuous "gray" progressive filter in the intermediate zone. Its transmission grows from the center of the area to its periphery.
  • the "gray" filter and the laser light modulation program are designed so that the energy of each of the illumination sources, the laser on the one hand, the ultraviolet light on the other, is complementary in each point of the transition zone.
  • Illumination with ultraviolet light causes crosslinking of the gelatin molecules. This is why the gelatin layer hardens in the same way in the transition zone and in the central zone illuminated by the laser alone. This avoids that in certain areas the gelatin which has less hardened swells more than in the areas where the hardening has been complete. Such a different hardening potential in fact leads to a change in color. Thanks to the second UV exposure which compensates for the variation in illumination due to laser light, the variation in color is avoided. The hologram thus obtained is therefore monochrome despite a continuous variation in the reflection and the transmission in the transition zone.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Holo Graphy (AREA)

Abstract

A windscreen fitted with a holographic element (2) intended to produce a "head-up" viewing system comprises a transition zone (4) between the hologram proper and the rest of the windscreen. In the zone (4), the reflection and/or the colour progressively change. Progressive methods of illumination by scanning or with "grey" filters are proposed. <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention concerne un vitrage, en particulier un vitrage de pare-brise avec un hologramme dont les dimensions sont inférieures à celles du vitrage. Elle concerne par ailleurs plusieurs procédés de fabrication d'hologrammes destinés à de tels vitrages.The invention relates to glazing, in particular a windshield glazing with a hologram whose dimensions are smaller than those of the glazing. It also relates to several methods of manufacturing holograms intended for such glazing.

On connaît grâce à la demande de brevet européen EP O 216 692 un pare-brise avec un hologramme intégré. L'hologramme constitue par exemple un miroir holographique capable de réfléchir dans le champ de vision du conducteur des informations optiques produites ailleurs. Les informations peuvent éventuellement être stockées directement dans l'hologramme et apparaître au conducteur seulement lorsqu'elles sont éclairées avec une lumière d'une longueur d'onde précise. Les hologrammes sont constitués d'un film support et d'une couche traitée de manière à porter l'information holographique. Dans le cas de la demande européenne, la surface concernée est sensiblement inférieure à la surface du pare-brise puisque l'hologramme n'agit que dans le champ de vision principal du conducteur.We know from European patent application EP O 216 692 a windshield with an integrated hologram. The hologram constitutes for example a holographic mirror capable of reflecting in the field of vision of the driver of the optical information produced elsewhere. The information can optionally be stored directly in the hologram and appear to the driver only when it is illuminated with light of a precise wavelength. Holograms consist of a support film and a layer treated to carry the holographic information. In the case of the European application, the surface concerned is significantly smaller than the surface of the windshield since the hologram acts only in the main field of vision of the driver.

Il est connu par ailleurs d'intégrer à un pare-brise un hologramme agissant comme un miroir concave (DE 35 23 032) ou bien d'intégrer à une lunette arrière d'un véhicule automobile un hologramme qui fournisse l'image et qui remplisse la fonction d'un feu stop (EP 0 377 293).It is also known to integrate a hologram which acts like a concave mirror into a windshield (DE 35 23 032) or else to integrate a hologram which provides the image and which fills in a rear window of a motor vehicle. the function of a brake light (EP 0 377 293).

Dans les nombreux cas où l'hologramme a une surface inférieure à celle du vitrage sa limite est constituée au moins partiellement par une ligne droite ou courbe située dans la surface du vitrage.In the many cases where the hologram has a surface smaller than that of the glazing, its limit is constituted at least partially by a straight or curved line situated in the surface of the glazing.

La demande de brevet européen EP 0 415 230 propose une méthode pour adoucir la ligne de démarcation entre la zone de l'hologramme et le reste du vitrage. Selon cette méthode, la couche-support de l'hologramme est masquée de manière à définir une trame constituée d'un grand nombre de zones ponctuelles photosensibles avec entre elles des zones ponctuelles désensibilisées. Dans un deuxième temps la couche est exposée pour engendrer l'hologramme seulement dans les zones photosensibles. Dans cette méthode on varie soit le nombre, soit la densité des zones ponctuelles désensibilisées de manière que la surface globale désensibilisée s'accroît lorsqu'on s'approche de la limite avec la zone de vision sans l'hologramme, soit par suite de l'augmentation des surfaces individuelles, soit par l'augmentation de leur nombre. On voit ainsi que selon cette méthode la transition à la limite de la zone est discontinue.European patent application EP 0 415 230 proposes a method to soften the line of demarcation between the area of the hologram and the rest of the glazing. According to this method, the support layer of the hologram is masked so as to define a frame made up of a large number of photosensitive point areas with between them desensitized point areas. Secondly, the layer is exposed to generate the hologram only in the photosensitive areas. In this method we vary either the number or the density of the desensitized point areas so that the overall desensitized area increases when we approach the limit with the vision area without the hologram, or as a result of l 'increase in individual surfaces, either by increasing their number. We thus see that according to this method the transition at the limit of the zone is discontinuous.

Quand un hologramme est intégré dans un vitrage de plus grande surface, quelle que soit la fonction qu'il remplit, les caractéristiques de transmission et de réflexion des surfaces où se trouve l'hologramme sont légèrement différentes de celles des domaines voisins du vitrage dans lequel il est intégré. En particulier lorsque les hologrammes sont adaptés à une lumière monocromatique ils possèdent en réflexion des couleurs qui dépendent de l'angle d'incidence. Ces couleurs sont complémentaires de celles de l'hologramme en transmission. Les impressions de couleurs différentes aussi bien en réflexion qu'en transmission entre la zone de l'hologramme et les zones voisines peuvent être gênantes.When a hologram is integrated into a larger area of glazing, whatever its function, the transmission and reflection characteristics of the surfaces where the hologram is located are slightly different from those of the neighboring areas of the glazing in which it is integrated. In particular when the holograms are adapted to a monocromatic light they have in reflection colors which depend on the angle of incidence. These colors are complementary to those of the transmission hologram. The printing of different colors both in reflection and in transmission between the hologram area and the neighboring areas can be troublesome.

L'invention se donne pour tâche de perfectionner un vitrage comportant un hologramme intégré de manière à ce que la transition entre celui-ci et le reste du vitrage se remarque le moins possible et qu'elle se fasse de manière harmonieuse.The invention sets itself the task of perfecting a glazing unit comprising an integrated hologram so that the transition between it and the rest of the glazing unit is noticed as little as possible and that it takes place in a harmonious manner.

Selon l'invention on a prévu dans la région de transition entre l'élément holographique et le reste du vitrage une zone où la couche holographique est continue et dans laquelle la réflexion diminue de manière continue suite à une modification correspondante de l'hologramme. Dans un mode de réalisation, l'hologramme est un tramé et les caractéristiques de réflexion décroissent continûment dans la zone de transition.According to the invention, there is provided in the transition region between the holographic element and the rest of the glazing a zone where the holographic layer is continuous and in which the reflection decreases continuously following a corresponding modification of the hologram. In one embodiment, the hologram is a halftone and the reflection characteristics decrease continuously in the transition zone.

L'invention se fonde sur l'observation selon laquelle la région du pare-brise où se trouve l'hologramme est particulièrement visible du fait que la réflexion varie brutalement lorsqu'on franchit la ligne qui constitue la limite précise de l'hologramme. On constate à cet endroit une variation brusque du contraste. L'oeil se fixe sur cette limite qui le gêne. Selon l'invention cette ligne contrastée est remplacée par une zone de transition plus ou moins large. Les caractéristiques de réflexion et de transmission dans cette zone variant de manière continue entre celles de l'hologramme d'une part et du reste du pare-brise de l'autre. Il découle de ce qui précède que dans ces conditions la présence de l'hologramme est beaucoup mieux tolérée.The invention is based on the observation that the region of the windshield where the hologram is located is particularly visible because the reflection varies abruptly when crossing the line which constitutes the precise limit of the hologram. There is an abrupt change in contrast here. The eye is fixed on this limit which bothers it. According to the invention, this contrasting line is replaced by a more or less wide transition zone. The reflection and transmission characteristics in this area varying continuously between those of the hologram on the one hand and the rest of the windshield on the other. It follows from the above that under these conditions the presence of the hologram is much better tolerated.

Selon l'invention la zone de transition est équipée d'un élément holographique continu dont les caractéristiques de transmission et de réflexion changent en fonction de la structure même de l'hologramme. Par exemple, la réflexion peut être modifiée de telle sorte que plus on s'approche de la périphérie de l'hologramme plus la couleur de cette réflexion évolue pour devenir moins sensible à l'oeil. Il est également possible de produire des hologrammes dont la réflectivité change de manière continue dans la zone de transition tout en gardant la même couleur. Cet effet peut être obtenu grâce à une illumination de la couche holographique avec de la lumière ultraviolette incohérente. Dans la zone périphérique on ajoute à la lumière du laser une lumière d'énergie complémentaire de telle sorte que la somme des énergies soit constante en tout point de l'hologramme ce qui produit un durcissement de la couche de gélatine constant sur toute la surface de l'hologramme.According to the invention, the transition zone is equipped with a continuous holographic element, the transmission and reflection characteristics of which change as a function of the very structure of the hologram. For example, the reflection can be modified so that the closer you get to the periphery of the hologram, the more the color of this reflection changes to become less sensitive to the eye. It is also possible to produce holograms whose reflectivity changes continuously in the transition zone while keeping the same color. This effect can be obtained by illuminating the holographic layer with incoherent ultraviolet light. In the peripheral zone, light of complementary energy is added to the laser light so that the sum of the energies is constant at all points of the hologram, which produces a constant hardening of the gelatin layer over the entire surface. the hologram.

Toujours selon l'invention il est également possible de prévoir un hologramme avec une structure tramée dans la zone de transition et de modifier les caractéristiques de transmission et de réflexion des zones ponctuelles de ce même hologramme.Still according to the invention, it is also possible to provide a hologram with a screen structure in the transition zone and to modify the transmission and reflection characteristics of the point zones of this same hologram.

Un vitrage de pare-brise selon l'invention et le procédé de fabrication de son hologramme sont expliqués dans ce qui suit à l'aide des figures.Windshield glazing according to the invention and the method of manufacturing its hologram are explained in the following using the figures.

Parmi les figures,

  • la figure 1 montre une vue globale du pare-brise de l'invention,
  • la figure 2 est un agrandissement d'une partie de la figure 1, elle correspond à la solution de l'art antérieur,
  • la figure 3 présente un dispositif destiné à réaliser un hologramme selon les méthodes de l'invention,
  • la figure 4 présente un autre dispositif pour réaliser un autre type d'hologramme.
Among the figures,
  • FIG. 1 shows an overall view of the windshield of the invention,
  • FIG. 2 is an enlargement of part of FIG. 1, it corresponds to the solution of the prior art,
  • FIG. 3 presents a device intended to produce a hologram according to the methods of the invention,
  • FIG. 4 shows another device for producing another type of hologram.

Le pare-brise 1 de la figure 1 est fait d'un verre feuilleté et l'élément holographique 2 a la forme d'une île circulaire entourée de toute part des zones de vision du vitrage. Le support de l'hologramme est intégré entre les deux verres du vitrage feuilleté. Il s'agit là d'un exemple de réalisation mais d'autres formes sont également possibles en particulier avec des éléments holographiques presqu'îles qui vont jusqu'au bord du vitrage.The windshield 1 of FIG. 1 is made of laminated glass and the holographic element 2 has the shape of a circular island surrounded on all sides by the vision zones of the glazing. The hologram support is integrated between the two glasses of the laminated glazing. This is an exemplary embodiment, but other forms are also possible in particular with almost holographic elements which go to the edge of the glazing.

La figure 1 présente le cas où l'hologramme joue le rôle d'un miroir semi-réfléchissant avec sélection de couleurs. Il est destiné à un système dit "tête haute" qu'on appelle également "combiner" qui permet de présenter des informations dans le champ de vision principale du conducteur. En comparaison avec les dimensions du pare-brise l'élément holographique 2 a une surface réduite.Figure 1 shows the case where the hologram plays the role of a semi-reflecting mirror with color selection. It is intended for a system called "head-up" which is also called "combine" which makes it possible to present information in the main field of vision of the driver. In comparison with the dimensions of the windshield, the holographic element 2 has a reduced surface.

Dans le domaine 3 qui possède la fonction d'un miroir semi-réfléchissant l'élément holographique est constitué d'une couche continue. Ce domaine 3 est entouré d'une zone de transition 4 où les phénomènes optiques sont progressifs.In domain 3 which has the function of a semi-reflecting mirror, the holographic element consists of a continuous layer. This domain 3 is surrounded by a transition zone 4 where the optical phenomena are progressive.

La figure 2 montre un exemple connu d'une telle zone de transition, ici, la zone de transition 4 est constituée d'un réseau de points et/ou de trous. Les suppressions ponctuelles 5, 6 de la couche holographique s'accroissent de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur. Tandis que la proportion des surfaces couverte par la couche holographique est de l'ordre de 90 à 95 % au niveau des trous intérieurs 5 elle n'est plus que de 10 à 5 % à l'autre extrémité de la zone de transition c'est-à-dire au niveau des points 6.FIG. 2 shows a known example of such a transition zone, here, the transition zone 4 consists of a network of points and / or holes. The point deletions 5, 6 of the holographic layer increase from the inside to the outside. While the proportion of the surfaces covered by the holographic layer is of the order of 90 to 95% at the level of the interior holes 5 it is only 10 to 5% at the other end of the zone transition, i.e. at points 6.

L'élément holographique 2 est constitué de manière connue d'un film-support transparent par exemple en polyester qui supporte une couche holographique fonctionnelle. Le film-support seul a sensiblement les mêmes caractéristiques de transmission et de réflexion que le reste du pare-brise. Ce n'est pas lui qui apparaît comme gênant. La limite 12 du film-support transparent 13 de l'élément holographique n'est pratiquement pas détectable dans le pare-brise.The holographic element 2 consists in a known manner of a transparent support film, for example polyester, which supports a functional holographic layer. The support film alone has substantially the same transmission and reflection characteristics as the rest of the windshield. It is not he who appears to be annoying. The limit 12 of the transparent support film 13 of the holographic element is practically not detectable in the windshield.

Lors de la fabrication d'un élément holographique comme celui de la figure 2, dont la périphérie est tramée il s'agit simplement de détruire localement la couche holographique dans la zone concernée tandis qu'en dehors de la zone, du côté intérieur elle n'est pas modifiée. Il serait évidemment possible dans le cas où la trame est constituée de points, d'estamper le film holographique mais alors les manipulations d'un tel film lacunaire seraient très délicates.During the manufacture of a holographic element like that of FIG. 2, the periphery of which is screened, it is simply a matter of locally destroying the holographic layer in the zone concerned while outside the zone, on the internal side it does not is not changed. It would obviously be possible in the case where the frame consists of dots, to stamp the holographic film but then the handling of such a lacunar film would be very delicate.

Dans ce qui suit on présente divers exemples de procédé pour réaliser des éléments holographiques avec une zone de transition progressive soit du type déjà connu, soit de types nouveaux.In what follows we present various examples of a method for producing holographic elements with a progressive transition zone either of the type already known, or of new types.

Exemple 1Example 1

On réalise selon un procédé connu un hologramme destiné à agir comme un miroir en éclairant une couche d'environ 10 µm de gélatine sensibilisée au bichromate d'ammonium avec des faisceaux laser qui interfèrent. Le support du film de la couche de gélatine est un film de polyester à haute transparence d'environ 100 µm d'épaisseur.A hologram is produced according to a known method intended to act as a mirror by illuminating a layer of approximately 10 μm of gelatin sensitized to ammonium dichromate with laser beams which interfere. The film support for the gelatin layer is a high-transparency polyester film about 100 µm thick.

On procède à l'effacement local de l'élément holographique dans la couche de gélatine selon la trame de points voulue. Du fait que les hologrammes à base de gélatine sont sensibles à l'humidité il est très facile d'utiliser l'eau pour procéder à l'effacement des points concernés. A la fin de l'opération il ne subsiste à ces emplacements que la couche de gélatine transparente.The local holographic element is erased in the gelatin layer according to the desired dot pattern. Since holograms based on gelatin are sensitive to humidity, it is very easy to use water to erase the points concerned. At the end of the operation, only the transparent gelatin layer remains at these locations.

Pour déposer l'humidité à l'endroit voulu on utilise avantageusement la sérigraphie. Il suffit de déposer sur l'écran de soie de la trame concernée une pâte humide et l'humidité se dépose sur l'hologramme de la couche de gélatine bichromatée. Immédiatement après que l'humidité ait diffusé dans la couche de gélatine c'est-à-dire après quelques,secondes, l'hologramme est détruit dans les zones concernées. Pour éviter que la diffusion de l'humidité continue on porte immédiatement l'élément holographique à une température d'environ 60°C et on le laisse environ deux heures à cette température. Il peut alors être intégré de manière connue dans le pare-brise.To deposit moisture at the desired location we use advantageously screen printing. It is enough to deposit on the silk screen of the weft concerned a wet paste and the humidity is deposited on the hologram of the layer of dichromated gelatin. Immediately after the humidity has diffused into the gelatin layer, that is to say after a few seconds, the hologram is destroyed in the areas concerned. To prevent the diffusion of humidity from continuing, the holographic element is immediately brought to a temperature of approximately 60 ° C. and left for approximately two hours at this temperature. It can then be integrated in a known manner into the windshield.

Exemple 2Example 2

Dans cet exemple on réalise directement un hologramme de réflexion avec une zone de transition tramée à sa périphérie au moment même de la réalisation de l'hologramme.In this example, a reflection hologram is produced directly with a raster transition zone at its periphery at the very moment of the production of the hologram.

Pour cela on utilise le procédé décrit dans la demande de brevet européen EP 0 316 207. La figure 3 montre le dispositif qui permet la mise en oeuvre de cette technique. La couche sensible 17 est supportée par le film 16 et elle est éclairée en balayage au travers de son support grâce à un faisceau laser 21 tandis que le film 16 est déplacé dans la direction de la flèche F perpendiculairement à la trace lumineuse. Le balayage est obtenu de la manière suivante : le faisceau de lumière cohérente 21 émis par le laser 20 traverse un dispositif optique de focalisation 22 avant d'atteindre la surface réfléchissante de miroirs tournants supportés par un polyèdre en rotation 23. Les caractéristiques de l'optique 22 permettent d'ajuster la dimension du spot 24 c'est-à-dire la largeur B de la trace lumineuse agissant sur la couche sensible 17. L'axe de rotation du polyèdre réfléchissant 23 est disposé de telle sorte que la surface 25 qui réfléchit le faisceau laser 23 se trouve en permanence dans le plan focal du miroir cylindrique concave 26. La rotation du polyèdre 23 fait déplacer après réflexion le faisceau laser 21 périodiquement sur le miroir concave 26 puis, après nouvelle réflexion, sur la couche sensible 17 supportée par le film 16. On voit que de la sorte le faisceau laser 21 se déplace sur la largeur de la couche sensible 17 à une fréquence déterminée. Elle est en accord avec la vitesse de déplacement du film support 16 dans la direction de la flèche F.For this, the method described in European patent application EP 0 316 207. is used. FIG. 3 shows the device which allows the implementation of this technique. The sensitive layer 17 is supported by the film 16 and it is lit by scanning through its support by means of a laser beam 21 while the film 16 is moved in the direction of the arrow F perpendicular to the light trace. The scanning is obtained as follows: the coherent light beam 21 emitted by the laser 20 passes through an optical focusing device 22 before reaching the reflecting surface of rotating mirrors supported by a rotating polyhedron 23. The characteristics of the optics 22 make it possible to adjust the size of the spot 24, that is to say the width B of the light trace acting on the sensitive layer 17. The axis of rotation of the reflective polyhedron 23 is arranged so that the surface 25 which reflects the laser beam 23 is permanently in the focal plane of the concave cylindrical mirror 26. The rotation of the polyhedron 23 causes the laser beam 21 to move periodically after reflection on the concave mirror 26 and then, after further reflection, on the sensitive layer 17 supported by the film 16. It can be seen that in this way the laser beam 21 moves over the width of the sensitive layer 17 at a determined frequency. She is in agreement with the speed of movement of the support film 16 in the direction of arrow F.

Sur la trajectoire du faisceau 21 on a placé un modulateur électro-optique 28. Ce modulateur 28 est commandé par un ordinateur de telle sorte qu'il interrompt le faisceau selon un programme défini dans les zones périphériques de l'hologramme. On obtient ainsi un motif qui correspond à celui de la trame utilisée pour programmer l'ordinateur. La trame qui a été utilisée pour programmer l'ordinateur est une trame "positive" c'est-à-dire que les zones où la lumière est autorisée à passer sont les zones qui comportent l'hologramme.On the path of the beam 21 an electro-optical modulator 28 has been placed. This modulator 28 is controlled by a computer so that it interrupts the beam according to a program defined in the peripheral zones of the hologram. A pattern is thus obtained which corresponds to that of the frame used to program the computer. The frame that was used to program the computer is a "positive" frame, that is to say that the areas where light is allowed to pass are the areas that contain the hologram.

Après fabrication de l'hologramme selon le procédé précédent on l'intègre de la manière habituelle dans le pare-brise.After manufacturing the hologram according to the preceding process, it is integrated in the usual manner into the windshield.

Exemple 3Example 3

Ici aussi de nouveau on réalise directement un hologramme de réflexion avec une zone de transition périphérique grâce au dispositif de la figure 3.Here again again, a reflection hologram is directly produced with a peripheral transition zone using the device of FIG. 3.

Le modulateur électro-optique 28 placé sur le trajet du faisceau laser 21 est de nouveau commandé par l'ordinateur. Il sert également à modifier l'éclairement de la zone de transition. Cependant il ne s'agit plus de créer une trame de points, les uns avec hologramme, les autres sans, mais au contraire de modifier de manière continue l'intensité du faisceau laser, à savoir de lui donner une intensité maximum le long de la zone centrale de l'hologramme et de l'éteindre à sa périphérie. On obtient de la sorte une zone de transition avec une couche holographique continue mais avec une réflexion décroissante.The electro-optical modulator 28 placed on the path of the laser beam 21 is again controlled by the computer. It is also used to modify the illumination of the transition zone. However, it is no longer a question of creating a frame of points, some with holograms, others without, but on the contrary continuously modifying the intensity of the laser beam, namely giving it a maximum intensity along the central area of the hologram and turn it off at its periphery. A transition zone is thus obtained with a continuous holographic layer but with a decreasing reflection.

Après fabrication, l'élément holographique est intégré de la manière habituelle dans le pare-brise.After manufacture, the holographic element is integrated in the usual manner into the windshield.

Exemple 4Example 4

Il s'agit ici aussi comme dans l'exemple 3 d'utiliser le balayage pour créer la zone de transition mais cette fois-ci c'est la vitesse de balayage à intensité constante qui est variée : dans la zone centrale de l'hologramme la vitesse est constante et faible, et dans la zone de transition elle croît depuis l'intérieur vers la périphérie. On utilise pour réaliser ce procédé le même dispositif d'exposition que sur la figure 3 à une exception près, il ne comporte pas de modulateur électrooptique 28. L'élément actif est un variateur de vitesse programmé qui agit sur la vitesse de rotation du polyèdre réfléchissant de manière à donner à la vitesse de balayage du faisceau sur le film support 16 en chaque point la valeur voulue.It is also here as in Example 3 to use the scanning to create the transition zone but this time it is the scanning speed at constant intensity which is varied: in the central zone of the hologram the speed is constant and low, and in the transition zone it increases from the interior towards the periphery. We uses the same exposure device as in FIG. 3 to carry out this process, with one exception, it does not include an electrooptical modulator 28. The active element is a programmed speed variator which acts on the speed of rotation of the reflecting polyhedron so as to give the scanning speed of the beam on the support film 16 at each point the desired value.

Exemple 5Example 5

On fabrique un élément holographique avec un hologramme en réflexion directement en même temps que sa zone de transition. Celle-ci possède simultanément une trame de points et une variation de performances optiques dans les éléments ponctuels. Pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé, on utilise de nouveau le dispositif de la figure 3. On met en oeuvre également le modulateur électrooptique 28 qui agit sur le faisceau laser 21. Le programme de l'ordinateur qui commande le modulateur 28 est tel que d'un côté il interrompt le faisceau laser pour reproduire la trame de points mais que par ailleurs il module l'intensité dans la zone de transition. Ainsi, l'hologramme possède dans la zone de transition un coefficient de réflexion décroissant et/ou une couleur en réflexion et en transmission qui évoluent de manière continue.We make a holographic element with a hologram in reflection directly at the same time as its transition zone. This one simultaneously has a frame of points and a variation of optical performances in the point elements. To implement the method, the device of FIG. 3 is again used. The electrooptical modulator 28 which acts on the laser beam 21 is also used. The program of the computer which controls the modulator 28 is such that d on the one hand it interrupts the laser beam to reproduce the pattern of dots, but also modulates the intensity in the transition zone. Thus, the hologram has in the transition zone a decreasing reflection coefficient and / or a color in reflection and in transmission which evolve continuously.

L'hologramme ainsi obtenu est intégré dans le pare-brise de manière classique.The hologram thus obtained is integrated into the windshield in a conventional manner.

Exemple 6Example 6

On fabrique un hologramme en réflexion qui possède dans la zone de transition un coefficient de réflexion variable sans variation de longueur d'onde.A reflection hologram is produced which has in the transition zone a variable reflection coefficient without variation in wavelength.

On réalise l'exposition de la couche de gélatine bichromatée conformément aux exemples 3 ou 4 c'est-à-dire que l'énergie de la lumière laser décroît du centre vers la périphérie de la zone de transition. A la fin de cette exposition on procède à une deuxième exposition de la couche bichromatée avec de la lumière ultraviolette incohérente. Cette exposition aux UV se déroule au travers d'un filtre qui cache complètement la partie centrale de l'hologramme et qui constitue un filtre "gris" progressif continu ou discontinu dans la zone intermédiaire. Sa transmission croît depuis le centre de la zone jusqu'à sa périphérie. Le filtre "gris" et le programme de modulation de lumière du laser sont conçus de telle sorte que l'énergie de chacune des sources d'éclairement, le laser d'une part, la lumière ultraviolette de l'autre, soit complémentaire en chaque point de la zone de transition.The exposure of the bichromate gelatin layer is carried out in accordance with Examples 3 or 4, that is to say that the energy of the laser light decreases from the center towards the periphery of the transition zone. At the end of this exposure, a second exposure of the bichromate layer is carried out with incoherent ultraviolet light. This UV exposure takes place through a filter which completely hides the central part of the hologram and which constitutes a continuous or discontinuous "gray" progressive filter in the intermediate zone. Its transmission grows from the center of the area to its periphery. The "gray" filter and the laser light modulation program are designed so that the energy of each of the illumination sources, the laser on the one hand, the ultraviolet light on the other, is complementary in each point of the transition zone.

Il est également possible de procéder de la manière inverse de celle que l'on vient de décrire c'est-à-dire d'exposer d'abord la couche sensible à la lumière ultraviolette incohérente puis dans un deuxième temps à celle du laser. Il faut simplement veiller à obtenir un éclairement uniforme grâce à la complémentarité des deux sources de lumière.It is also possible to proceed in the reverse manner to that just described, that is to say first of all exposing the sensitive layer to incoherent ultraviolet light and then in a second step to that of the laser. It is simply necessary to ensure that uniform illumination is obtained thanks to the complementarity of the two light sources.

L'éclairement avec la lumière ultraviolette provoque une réticulation des molécules de gélatine. C'est pourquoi la couche de gélatine durcit de la même manière dans la zone de transition et dans la zone centrale illuminée, elle, par le laser seul. On évite ainsi que dans certains domaines la gélatine qui a moins durci gonfle d'avantage que dans les domaines où le durcissement a été complet. Un tel potentiel de durcissement différent conduit en effet à un changement de couleur. Grâce à la deuxième exposition d'UV qui compense la variation d'éclairement due à la lumière laser on évite la variation de couleur. L'hologramme ainsi obtenu est donc monochrome malgré une variation continue de la réflexion et de la transmission dans la zone de transition.Illumination with ultraviolet light causes crosslinking of the gelatin molecules. This is why the gelatin layer hardens in the same way in the transition zone and in the central zone illuminated by the laser alone. This avoids that in certain areas the gelatin which has less hardened swells more than in the areas where the hardening has been complete. Such a different hardening potential in fact leads to a change in color. Thanks to the second UV exposure which compensates for the variation in illumination due to laser light, the variation in color is avoided. The hologram thus obtained is therefore monochrome despite a continuous variation in the reflection and the transmission in the transition zone.

Claims (10)

Vitrage en particulier pare-brise de véhicule automobile avec un élément holographique dont les dimensions sont inférieures à celles du vitrage et qui possède une zone de transition entre l'élément holographique et le reste du vitrage, caractérisé en ce que dans la zone de transition (4) la couche holographique est continue et que sa réflexion varie de manière continue par suite des modifications de l'hologramme lui-même.Glazing in particular a motor vehicle windshield with a holographic element whose dimensions are smaller than those of the glazing and which has a transition zone between the holographic element and the rest of the glazing, characterized in that in the transition zone ( 4) the holographic layer is continuous and its reflection varies continuously as a result of modifications to the hologram itself. Vitrage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'hologramme lui-même est tramé dans la zone de transition (4) et en ce que la réflexion de l'hologramme y décroît de manière continue.Glazing according to claim 1, characterized in that the hologram itself is screened in the transition zone (4) and in that the reflection of the hologram decreases there continuously. Procédé pour l'obtention d'un élément holographique destiné à équiper un vitrage en particulier un pare-brise de véhicule automobile, dont les dimensions sont inférieures à celles du vitrage et qui possède une zone de transition (4) à sa périphérie, caractérisé en ce que l'hologramme de réflexion est créé dans une couche de gélatine bichromatée sensible à l'humidité et que les propriétés de l'hologramme dans la zone de transition (4) sont modifiées localement selon une trame par l'application déterminée d'humidité.Method for obtaining a holographic element intended to equip glazing, in particular a motor vehicle windshield, the dimensions of which are smaller than those of the glazing and which has a transition zone (4) at its periphery, characterized in that the reflection hologram is created in a layer of bichromate gelatin sensitive to humidity and that the properties of the hologram in the transition zone (4) are locally modified according to a frame by the determined application of humidity . Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que pour l'application déterminée d'humidité dans la zone de transition ( 4 ) on dépose par sérigraphie à l'aide d'un écran de soie tramé une pâte aqueuse aux endroits déterminés.Method according to Claim 3, characterized in that, for the determined application of humidity in the transition zone (4), an aqueous paste is deposited by screen printing using a screened silk screen at the determined locations. Procédé pour l'obtention d'un élément holographique avec au bord, une zone de transition tramée, en particulier destiné à équiper un pare-brise de véhicule automobile, caractérisé en ce que l'hologramme est obtenu par balayage avec un faisceau laser (21) de la couche holographique (17) et et en ce que le faisceau laser (21) est interrompu selon un programme correspondant à la trame souhaitée par un modulateur électro-optique (28) dans la zone de transition (4) de l'hologramme.Method for obtaining a holographic element with a screened transition zone at the edge, in particular intended to equip a windshield of a motor vehicle, characterized in that the hologram is obtained by scanning with a laser beam (21 ) of the holographic layer (17) and in that the laser beam (21) is interrupted according to a program corresponding to the desired frame by an electro-optical modulator (28) in the transition zone (4) of the hologram . Procédé pour l'obtention d'un élément holographique avec au bord une zone de transition destiné à équiper un vitrage, en particulier un pare-brise automobile, caractérisé en ce que dans la zone de transition (4) l'hologramme est créé par un éclairement laser dégressif de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur de la zone (4).Method for obtaining a holographic element with a transition zone at the edge intended to equip a glazing, in particular an automobile windshield, characterized in that in the transition zone (4) the hologram is created by a decreasing laser illumination from the interior towards the exterior of the zone (4). Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que l'hologramme est obtenu par balayage avec un faisceau laser (21) de la couche holographique (17) et et ce que l'intensité du faisceau laser (21) est modulée par un modulateur électro-optique (28) de manière à obtenir une zone de transition (4) à variation de facteur de réflexion et/ou de couleur.Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the hologram is obtained by scanning with a laser beam (21) of the holographic layer (17) and that the intensity of the laser beam (21) is modulated by an electro modulator -optics (28) so as to obtain a transition zone (4) with variation of reflection factor and / or color. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que on utilise un faisceau laser d'intensité constante et un filtre dont la transmission décroît de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur de la zone de transition (4).Method according to claim 6, characterized in that a laser beam of constant intensity and a filter are used, the transmission of which decreases from the inside towards the outside of the transition zone (4). Procédé selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce que dans la zone de transition (4) où l'éclairement laser est dégressif de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur de la zone (4), un éclairment complémentaire de lumière ultraviolette incohérente impressionne la couche holographique (17) et en ce que la somme des énergies lumineuses laser et ultraviolette reste constante dans la zone (4).Method according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that in the transition zone (4) where the laser illumination is decreasing from the interior towards the exterior of the zone (4), an additional illumination of light Inconsistent ultraviolet impresses the holographic layer (17) and in that the sum of the laser and ultraviolet light energies remains constant in the area (4). Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que l'éclairement de lumière ultraviolette incohérente de l'intensité voulue est obtenu à l'aide d'un filtre "gris" dont la transmission croît de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur de la zone (4).Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the illumination of inconsistent ultraviolet light of the desired intensity is obtained using a "gray" filter whose transmission increases from the inside to the outside of the area (4).
EP92400822A 1991-03-28 1992-03-26 Process of making an integrated hologram Expired - Lifetime EP0506560B1 (en)

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DE4110235A DE4110235C2 (en) 1991-03-28 1991-03-28 Method for producing a holographic element for a windshield that has a transition zone at the edge
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WO2015144565A1 (en) * 2014-03-26 2015-10-01 Essilor International (Compagnie Generale D'optique) Methods and systems for augmented reality
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FR3059938A1 (en) * 2016-12-13 2018-06-15 Saint-Gobain Glass France TRANSPARENT LAYER ELEMENT COMPRISING A SCREEN AREA
WO2018109375A1 (en) * 2016-12-13 2018-06-21 Saint-Gobain Glass France Transparent layered element comprising a display region
CN108521766A (en) * 2016-12-13 2018-09-11 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 Include the transparent layered element of screen area
US10739669B2 (en) 2016-12-13 2020-08-11 Saint-Gobain Glass France Transparent layered element comprising a display region
CN108521766B (en) * 2016-12-13 2020-11-13 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 Transparent layer element comprising a screen area
RU2757015C2 (en) * 2016-12-13 2021-10-08 Сэн-Гобэн Гласс Франс Transparent layered element that includes display area

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DE4110235A1 (en) 1992-10-01
EP0506560A3 (en) 1993-05-05
ES2104864T3 (en) 1997-10-16
EP0506560B1 (en) 1997-05-21
DE69219814T2 (en) 1998-01-02
US5453339A (en) 1995-09-26
DE4110235C2 (en) 1995-03-16
DE69219814D1 (en) 1997-06-26

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