EP0504561B1 - Spacer element for multiple-insulating glazing - Google Patents

Spacer element for multiple-insulating glazing Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0504561B1
EP0504561B1 EP92101598A EP92101598A EP0504561B1 EP 0504561 B1 EP0504561 B1 EP 0504561B1 EP 92101598 A EP92101598 A EP 92101598A EP 92101598 A EP92101598 A EP 92101598A EP 0504561 B1 EP0504561 B1 EP 0504561B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spacer
glass
layer
strip
insulating
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EP92101598A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0504561A1 (en
Inventor
Peter Brede
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Helmut Lingemann GmbH and Co KG
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Helmut Lingemann GmbH and Co KG
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
    • E06B3/66309—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit
    • E06B3/66323—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit comprising an interruption of the heat flow in a direction perpendicular to the unit

Definitions

  • the invention is in the field of heatable multi-pane insulating glass consisting of at least two glass panes which are kept at a distance by a spacer and have a gas-filled or evacuated intermediate space.
  • a multi-pane insulating glass of this type on the interspace-side surface of one of the two glass panes there are wafer-thinly applied electrical conductor tracks designed as resistance heating elements with corresponding connections for the passage of an electrical current.
  • the glass pane is heated when an electrical current is applied to the conductor tracks, absorbs heat and is said to emit the heat to the air of a room in a building by convection and / or radiation.
  • the spacer must ensure special properties in the construction of the multi-pane insulating glass.
  • the plastic in the intermediate space forms an insulating web, which consists of a mixture of a fully formulated, phase-unstable, low-viscosity polyol formulation that contains a water-binding additive (Baydur VP PU 1397) with a liquid, solvent-free diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate with a Content of isomers and higher functional homologues (Desmodur 44 V10 B or Desmodur 44 V20 B) is produced (Baydur: manufacturer Bayer AG; Desmodur: manufacturer Bayer AG).
  • the insulating web is e.g.
  • the hollow profiles of the spacer are filled with a desiccant.
  • a water vapor-impermeable putty in particular made of butyl, is arranged between the outer walls of the spacer and the intermediate surfaces of the glass panes.
  • the space below the spacer is filled with a more or less plastically elastic putty, especially with Thiocol.
  • the success described in the applicant's older proposal is essentially based on the choice of material for the insulating material between the spacer tubes.
  • the selected insulating material is in some cases not gas-impermeable, in particular water vapor-impermeable, so that moisture penetrates into the interior of the insulating glass and affects both the thermal insulation of the insulating glass and the electrical insulation of the insulating material.
  • attempts e.g. to get to the insulating material by adding.
  • success has not yet been recorded.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the spacer known from DE-GM 88 12 216.6 for a heatable multi-pane insulating glass so that it ensures long-term gas tightness, but in particular water vapor tightness in the installed state and maintains its excellent electrical insulating ability.
  • the heatable multi-pane insulating glass is placed in a frame of a window or a door (not shown). It essentially consists of the two glass panes 1 and 2 arranged parallel to one another and at a distance from one another, between which an intermediate space 3 is provided. Conductor tracks 5 of a resistance heating element (not shown) are e.g. evaporated. The electrical connections and the overall structure of the resistance heating element need not be described, because they belong to the prior art and are not critical for the purposes of the invention.
  • a spacer 6 bridges the intermediate space 3, which is shown frontally in FIG. 2 and whose structure is essential to the invention.
  • the spacer 6 preferably consists of two aluminum hollow profiles 7 and 8 arranged parallel to one another and at a distance from one another, with side walls 7a, 7b and 8a, 8b parallel to the glass pane surfaces, a bottom wall 7c, 8c and a top wall 7d, 8d.
  • Through holes 9 are made in the ceiling wall which, as is known, create a connection between the interior 10 of the hollow profiles 7, 8 filled with drying agent 11 and the intermediate space 3.
  • a butyl layer 12 is expediently arranged as a connecting element and as a water vapor barrier.
  • other connecting substances can also be provided there that serve the same purpose.
  • the space 13 under the spacer 6 is expediently filled with a putty 14, for example with Thiokol.
  • the putty serves as a plastic-elastic connection and adhesive.
  • the intermediate space 15 between the two hollow profiles 7, 8 is filled with a product that results in a hard material that firmly bonds with aluminum or adheres firmly to the aluminum and creates a uniformly rigid, torsion-resistant spacer, and above all Excellent electrical insulation and also an extremely low one
  • the product or substance must be UV and heat resistant. A substance has been found for this purpose through an inventive selection.
  • insulating web 16 which consists of an unfoamed, hardened polyurethane casting compound.
  • the raw material for this insulating material web 16 is traded under the trade name "Baydur VP PU 1397" from Bayer AG. It is a fully formulated, phase-unstable, low-viscosity polyol formulation that contains a water-binding additive. The mixture must be homogenized well before processing. Stir slowly during processing.
  • the formulation has the following properties:
  • the lower limit of the processing temperature is 23 ° C.
  • the activity of Baydur VPPU 1397 can be changed at temperatures above 35 ° C.
  • the processing temperature of the raw materials should be at least 23 ° C.
  • Baydur VP PU 1397 is a preparation based on polyols.
  • the insulating web 16 has, for example, the following properties:
  • the processing shrinkage is only 0.8 ⁇ 0.1% manufacturing tolerance. This value applies to the manufacture of an up to 100 mm thick insulating material web 16 with a bulk density of 1180 kg / m3 if the specified processing recipe with Desmodur 44 V 10 B and a mold retention time of 1 minute are maintained in a mold tempered to 75 ° C.
  • the width of the solid insulating material web 16 is preferably 1/3 to 1/6 of the total width of the spacer 6.
  • the selected material for the insulating web 16 fulfills all the required properties.
  • two 5.5 mm wide welded spacer profiles 7.8 - which are outstandingly suitable due to their great inherent stability - can be combined with the selected plastic, which is supposed to effect the thermal and electrical separation, in order to achieve optimum separation properties in the corner area as well.
  • the new spacer profile can be bent in the corner area to the corner without the plastic hindering the bending.
  • Another favorable property of the selected polyurethane plastic is that it can be permanently combined with the lacquers already developed for aluminum spacers, so that colored spacers can also be created.
  • the use of UV-resistant paints is possible.
  • Another particularly important option is to color the polyurethane plastic and thus create a decorative spacer.
  • the electrical insulation of the insulating material web 16 is also perfect.
  • the insulating material web 16 made of the special material is permeable to water vapor if the water vapor partial pressure exceeds a certain size.
  • the water vapor can reach the insulating web 16 from the outside through the room 13 or through the cement 14 in the room 13. If water vapor penetrates the insulating material web 16, the electrical insulating capacity is reduced or electrical conductivity can occur. If the water vapor penetrates the insulating material web 16, it reaches the space between the panes 3 and is adsorbed by the desiccant 11 located in the spacer hollow profiles 7, 8 until the desiccant is used up.
  • the invention solves the problem in an astonishingly simple manner by providing a spacer 6 in which the outer surface 16a facing the space 13 is covered with a layer 17 impermeable to water vapor.
  • This layer 17 consists e.g. made of butyl, a material that is also used on the side of the spacer 6 as a water vapor impermeable and sticky layer 12.
  • the spacer 6 can be handled - spacers are supplied cut to length in the form of bars to insulating glass manufacturers - the free surface 17a of the sticky butyl layer 17 is covered with a paper and / or plastic tape 18, so that the stickiness of the butyl does not interfere with handling and the free surface of the butyl layer 17 is not dirty.
  • the tape 18 is removed shortly before the spacer 6 is installed between the glass panes 1, 2 and the butyl layer 17 is contacted with the putty 14.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Insulating Bodies (AREA)
  • Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)
  • Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)

Abstract

A spacer to bridge the interspace between two parallel panes of glass in a multilayer insulating glass. The spacer includes two hollow metal sections mutually spaced apart. A solid web of an unfoamed and fully-cured polyurethane casting compound fills the space between the hollow sections and adheres to the facing surfaces of the sections. The hollow sections and solid web form a spacer having relatively high torsional rigidity and electrical insulation, and having relatively low thermal conductivity between the glass panes. The outside surface of the web is covered with a layer impermeable to vapor.

Description

Die Erfindung liegt auf dem Gebiet beheizbaren Mehrscheiben-Isolierglases aus wenigstens zwei, durch einen Abstandhalter auf Abstand gehaltenen Glasscheiben mit gasgefülltem oder evakuiertem Zwischenraum.The invention is in the field of heatable multi-pane insulating glass consisting of at least two glass panes which are kept at a distance by a spacer and have a gas-filled or evacuated intermediate space.

Bei einem derartigen Mehrscheiben-Isolierglas befinden sich auf der zwischenraumseitigen Oberfläche einer der beiden Glasscheiben hauchdünn aufgetragene, als Widerstandsheizelemente ausgebildete elektrische Leiterbahnen mit entsprechenden Anschlüssen für die Durchleitung eines elektrischen Stroms. Die Glasscheibe wird beim Anlegen eines elektrischen Stroms an die Leiterbahnen beheizt, nimmt Wärme auf und soll die Wärme an die Luft eines Raums eines Gebäudes durch Konvektion und/oder Strahlung abgeben. Im Aufbau des Mehrscheiben-Isolierglases muß der Abstandhalter besondere Eigenschaften gewährleisten. Er muß nicht nur - wie üblich - das Trockenmittel lagern und den Zutritt der Innenatmosphäre des Zwischenraums zum Trockenmittel gewährleisten, sondern auch eine ausreichende Festigkeit, insbesondere aber Verwindungssteifigkeit besitzen, damit das Mehrscheiben-Isolierglas handhabbar ist, sondern er muß ausreichend elektrisch und gegen Wärmedurchgang isolieren.In a multi-pane insulating glass of this type, on the interspace-side surface of one of the two glass panes there are wafer-thinly applied electrical conductor tracks designed as resistance heating elements with corresponding connections for the passage of an electrical current. The glass pane is heated when an electrical current is applied to the conductor tracks, absorbs heat and is said to emit the heat to the air of a room in a building by convection and / or radiation. The spacer must ensure special properties in the construction of the multi-pane insulating glass. He not only has to store the desiccant - as usual - and ensure access to the interior atmosphere of the intermediate space to the desiccant, but also has to have sufficient strength, but in particular torsional stiffness, so that the multi-pane insulating glass can be handled, but it must be sufficiently insulated electrically and against heat transfer .

Es sind Abstandhalter aus Aluminium, Stahl und Kunststoff bekannt. Die beste elektrische und Wärmeisolierung gewährleistet bekanntlich der Kunststoff. Kunststoff ist aber nicht ausreichend fest und verwindungssteif und versprödet insbesondere durch die Einwirkung von Temperaturwechseln und UV-Strahlung und erweicht bei Einwirkung hoher Temperaturen. Stahl ist zwar ausreichend fest, besitzt aber eine relativ hohe elektrische Leitfähigkeit und hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit. Am ungeeignetsten von Hause aus ist jedoch Aluminium, obwohl sich Aluminium-Abstandhalter für normales - also nicht beheizbares - Mehrscheiben-Isolierglas ausgezeichnet bewährt hat hinsichtlich Formgebung und Festigkeit. Die Wärmeleitfähigkeit und die elektrische Leitfähigkeit sind beim Aluminium unvergleichlich höher als bei anderen Materialien (Wärmeleitung-Aluminium : Stahl : Kunststoff = 200 : 52 : 0,22).Spacers made of aluminum, steel and plastic are known. The best electrical and thermal insulation guaranteed as is well known, the plastic. However, plastic is not sufficiently strong and torsionally stiff and embrittles due to the effects of temperature changes and UV radiation and softens when exposed to high temperatures. Although steel is sufficiently strong, it has a relatively high electrical conductivity and high thermal conductivity. Aluminum is the most unsuitable from home, although aluminum spacers for normal - i.e. non-heatable - multi-pane insulating glass have proven their worth in terms of shape and strength. The thermal conductivity and the electrical conductivity are incomparably higher with aluminum than with other materials (heat conduction aluminum: steel: plastic = 200: 52: 0.22).

Es gibt beheizbares Mehrscheiben-Isolierglas mit Kunststoff-Abstandhalter. Die beschriebenen Nachteile werden dabei in Kauf genommen. Es ist zu erwarten, daß dieses beheizbare Mehrscheiben-Isolierglas nicht die geforderten Langzeiteigenschaften beibehält.There is heatable multi-pane insulating glass with plastic spacers. The disadvantages described are accepted. It is to be expected that this heatable multi-pane insulating glass will not maintain the required long-term properties.

Bekannt ist ferner ein beheizbares Mehrscheiben-Isolierglas mit einem Abstandhalter aus Metall, wobei zwischen den Seitenflächen des Abstandhalters und den Glasscheiben ein dickes Polsterelement aus einem gummielastischen Stoff angeordnet ist, das in erster Linie schallisolierend und in zweiter Linie auch elektrisch und gegen Wärmeleitung isolieren soll. Es hat sich aber gezeigt, daß die Schallisolierung zwar gut, die Wärmeleitung aber unzureichend und auch die elektrische Isolierung nicht optimal ist.Also known is a heatable multi-pane insulating glass with a spacer made of metal, wherein a thick cushion element made of a rubber-elastic material is arranged between the side surfaces of the spacer and the glass panes, which is primarily sound-insulating and secondarily also electrically and against heat conduction. However, it has been shown that the sound insulation is good, the heat conduction is insufficient and the electrical insulation is not optimal.

Den Schwierigkeiten, die bei Verwendung von Metallabstandhaltern wegen der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit auftreten, sucht eine Entwicklung entgegenzuwirken, die zwischen der üblichen seitlichen, wasserdampfundurchlässigen Butylschicht am Abstandhalterrahmen und der mit den Heizelementen ausgerüsteten Glasscheibe noch einem Glassteg aus Isolierschicht vorsieht (EP-A-250 386). Die Festigkeit dieses Verbundes ist nicht garantierbar. Zudem ist die Herstellung eines solchen Verbundes sehr aufwendig.The difficulties that arise with the use of metal spacers because of the electrical conductivity are sought to be countered by a development that occurs between the usual lateral, water vapor impermeable butyl layer on the spacer frame and the glass pane equipped with the heating elements still provides a glass bridge made of insulating layer (EP-A-250 386). The strength of this bond cannot be guaranteed. In addition, the production of such a composite is very complex.

Dagegen wird in dem DE-GM 88 12 216.6 von der Anmelderin der Vorschlag gemacht, den üblichen Aufbau von Mehrscheiben-Isolierglas beizubehalten und lediglich als Abstandhalter zwei oder mehr parallel nebeneinander auf Abstand zueinander angeordnete Metall-Abstandhalter-Hohlprofile, vorzugsweise Aluminium-Hohlprofile, mit zu den Glasscheiben-Oberflächen parallelen Seitenwandungen zu verwenden, wobei der Zwischenraum zwischen den beiden Hohlprofilen mit einem Kunststoff ausgefüllt ist, der fest an der Oberfläche der Seitenwandungen der Hohlprofile haftet und vorzugsweise aus einer Polyurethanvergußmasse besteht. Der Kunststoff im Zwischenraum bildet einen Isolierstoffsteg, der aus einer Mischung aus einer fertig formulierten, phaseninstabilen, niedrig viskosen Polyolformulierung, die ein wasserbindendes Zusatzmittel enthält (Baydur VP PU 1397), mit einem flüssigen, lösungsmittelfreien Diphenylmethan-4,4'-diisocyanat mit einem Gehalt an Isomeren und höherfunktionellen Homologen (Desmodur 44 V10 B oder Desmodur 44 V20 B) hergestellt ist (Baydur: Hersteller Bayer AG; Desmodur: Hersteller Bayer AG). Der Isolierstoffsteg ist z.B. hergestellt aus 90 bis 110, insbesondere 100 Gewichtsteilen Baydur VP PU 1397 und 90 bis 100, insbesondere 97 Gewichtsteilen Desmodur 44 V10 B oder Desmodur 44 V20 B. Die Hohlprofile des Abstandhalters sind mit einem Trockenmittel gefüllt. Zwischen den Außenwandungen des Abstandhalters und den zwischenraumseitigen Oberflächen der Glasscheiben ist ein wasserdampfundurchlässiger Kittstoff, insbesondere aus Butyl, angeordnet. Der Raum unterhalb des Abstandhalters ist mit einer mehr oder weniger plastischelastischen Kittmasse, insbesondere mit Thiocol, ausgefüllt.In contrast, in DE-GM 88 12 216.6 the applicant makes the proposal to maintain the usual structure of multi-pane insulating glass and only as a spacer two or more parallel spaced metal spacer hollow profiles, preferably aluminum hollow profiles, with to use side walls parallel to the glass pane surfaces, the space between the two hollow profiles being filled with a plastic which adheres firmly to the surface of the side walls of the hollow profiles and preferably consists of a polyurethane casting compound. The plastic in the intermediate space forms an insulating web, which consists of a mixture of a fully formulated, phase-unstable, low-viscosity polyol formulation that contains a water-binding additive (Baydur VP PU 1397) with a liquid, solvent-free diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate with a Content of isomers and higher functional homologues (Desmodur 44 V10 B or Desmodur 44 V20 B) is produced (Baydur: manufacturer Bayer AG; Desmodur: manufacturer Bayer AG). The insulating web is e.g. Made from 90 to 110, especially 100 parts by weight Baydur VP PU 1397 and 90 to 100, especially 97 parts by weight Desmodur 44 V10 B or Desmodur 44 V20 B. The hollow profiles of the spacer are filled with a desiccant. A water vapor-impermeable putty, in particular made of butyl, is arranged between the outer walls of the spacer and the intermediate surfaces of the glass panes. The space below the spacer is filled with a more or less plastically elastic putty, especially with Thiocol.

Es war überraschend, daß es ausreicht, zwei Abstandhalterrohre zu verwenden, die elektrisch voneinander isoliert angeordnet sind und dabei zudem eine hohe Festigkeit, insbesondere eine hohe Verwindungssteifigkeit, aufweisen. Der übliche weitere Aufbau eines normalen Mehrscheiben-Isolierglases (z.B. DE-A-25 18 205, Fig. 3) kann unverändert bleiben.It was surprising that it is sufficient to use two spacer tubes which are arranged electrically insulated from one another and also have high strength, in particular high torsional rigidity. The usual further construction a normal multi-pane insulating glass (eg DE-A-25 18 205, Fig. 3) can remain unchanged.

Der beschriebene Erfolg beim älteren Vorschlag der Anmelderin beruht im wesentlichen mit auf der Stoffauswahl für den Isolierstoff zwischen den Abstandhalterrohren. Es hat sich jedoch gezeigt, daß der gewählte Isolierstoff in manchen Fällen nicht ausreichend gasundurchlässig, insbesondere nicht ausreichend wasserdampfundurchlässig ist, so daß Feuchtigkeit in den Isolierglas-Innenraum dringen und sowohl die Wärmeisolierung des Isolierglases als auch die elektrische Isolierung des Isolierstoffs beeinträchtigt. Es hat daher nicht an Versuchen gefehlt, diesem Mangel z.B. durch Beimengungen zum Isolierstoff beizukommen. Ein Erfolg konnte jedoch noch nicht verzeichnet werden.The success described in the applicant's older proposal is essentially based on the choice of material for the insulating material between the spacer tubes. However, it has been shown that the selected insulating material is in some cases not gas-impermeable, in particular water vapor-impermeable, so that moisture penetrates into the interior of the insulating glass and affects both the thermal insulation of the insulating glass and the electrical insulation of the insulating material. There has been no shortage of attempts, e.g. to get to the insulating material by adding. However, success has not yet been recorded.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist, den aus dem DE-GM 88 12 216.6 bekannten Abstandhalter für ein beheizbares Mehrscheiben-Isolierglas so zu verbessern, daß er im eingebauten Zustand langzeitig Gasdichtigkeit, insbesondere aber Wasserdampfdichtigkeit gewährleistet und seine ausgezeichnete elektrische Isolierfähigkeit beibehält.The object of the invention is to improve the spacer known from DE-GM 88 12 216.6 for a heatable multi-pane insulating glass so that it ensures long-term gas tightness, but in particular water vapor tightness in the installed state and maintains its excellent electrical insulating ability.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung werden in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet. Anhand der Zeichnung wird die Erfindung im folgenden beispielhaft näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
perspektivisch und schematisch einen Ausbruch aus dem Aufbau eines beheizbaren Mehrscheiben-Isolierglases mit erfindungsgemäßem Abstandhalter;
Fig. 2
eine Frontansicht auf einen erfindungsgemäßen Abstandhalter und
Fig. 3
perspektivisch ein Stück eines erfindungsgemäßen Abstandhalters.
This object is solved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims. The invention is explained in more detail below by way of example with reference to the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
perspective and schematic of a breakout from the construction of a heatable multi-pane insulating glass with spacer according to the invention;
Fig. 2
a front view of a spacer according to the invention and
Fig. 3
in perspective a piece of a spacer according to the invention.

Das beheizbare Mehrscheiben-Isolierglas wird in einen Rahmen eines Fensters oder einer Tür (nicht dargestellt) gesetzt. Es besteht im wesentlichen aus den beiden parallel nebeneinander und auf Abstand zueinander angeordneten Glasscheiben 1 und 2, zwischen denen ein Zwischenraum 3 vorgesehen ist. Auf der zwischenraumseitigen Fläche 4 der einen Glasscheibe 2 sind Leiterbahnen 5 eines Widerstandsheizelements (nicht dargestellt) z.B. aufgedampft. Die elektrischen Anschlüsse und der gesamte Aufbau des Widerstandsheizelements brauchen nicht beschrieben zu werden, weil sie zum Stand der Technik gehören und für die Zwecke der Erfindung nicht kritisch sind.The heatable multi-pane insulating glass is placed in a frame of a window or a door (not shown). It essentially consists of the two glass panes 1 and 2 arranged parallel to one another and at a distance from one another, between which an intermediate space 3 is provided. Conductor tracks 5 of a resistance heating element (not shown) are e.g. evaporated. The electrical connections and the overall structure of the resistance heating element need not be described, because they belong to the prior art and are not critical for the purposes of the invention.

Den Zwischenraum 3 überbrückt ein Abstandhalter 6, der in Fig. 2 frontal dargestellt ist und dessen Aufbau erfindungswesentlich ist.A spacer 6 bridges the intermediate space 3, which is shown frontally in FIG. 2 and whose structure is essential to the invention.

Der Abstandhalter 6 besteht aus vorzugsweise zwei parallel nebeneinander und auf Abstand zueinander angordneten Aluminium-Hohlprofilen 7 und 8 mit zu den Glasscheiben-Oberflächen parallelen Seitenwandungen 7a, 7b bzw. 8a, 8b einer Bodenwandung 7c, 8c und einer Deckenwandung 7d, 8d. In die Deckenwandung sind Durchgangslöcher 9 eingebracht, die - wie bekannt - eine Verbindung zwischen dem mit Trockenmittel 11 gefüllten Innenraum 10 der Hohlprofile 7,8 und dem Zwischenraum 3 schaffen. Zwischen den Wandungen 7a und 8a und den zwischenraumseitigen Oberflächen der Glasscheiben 1 und 2 ist zweckmäßigerweise, wie an sich bekannt, eine Butylschicht 12 angeordnet als Verbindungselement und als Wasserdampfsperre. Es können aber auch andere Verbindungsstoffe dort vorgesehen sein, die den gleichen Zweck erfüllen.The spacer 6 preferably consists of two aluminum hollow profiles 7 and 8 arranged parallel to one another and at a distance from one another, with side walls 7a, 7b and 8a, 8b parallel to the glass pane surfaces, a bottom wall 7c, 8c and a top wall 7d, 8d. Through holes 9 are made in the ceiling wall which, as is known, create a connection between the interior 10 of the hollow profiles 7, 8 filled with drying agent 11 and the intermediate space 3. Between the walls 7a and 8a and the interspace-side surfaces of the glass panes 1 and 2, as is known per se, a butyl layer 12 is expediently arranged as a connecting element and as a water vapor barrier. However, other connecting substances can also be provided there that serve the same purpose.

Der Raum 13 unter dem Abstandhalter 6 ist zweckmäßigerweise mit einer Kittmasse 14 ausgefüllt, mit z.B. Thiokol. Die Kittmasse dient als plastisch-elastische Verbindungs- und Klebemasse.The space 13 under the spacer 6 is expediently filled with a putty 14, for example with Thiokol. The putty serves as a plastic-elastic connection and adhesive.

Wesentlich ist, daß der Zwischenraum 15 zwischen den beiden Hohlprofilen 7,8 mit einem Produkt ausgefüllt ist, das einen harten Stoff ergibt, der sich fest mit Aluminium verbindet bzw. fest am Aluminium haftet und einen einheitlich festen verwindungssteifen Abstandhalter schafft, und der vor allem elektrisch hervorragend isoliert und außerdem auch eine äußerst geringeIt is essential that the intermediate space 15 between the two hollow profiles 7, 8 is filled with a product that results in a hard material that firmly bonds with aluminum or adheres firmly to the aluminum and creates a uniformly rigid, torsion-resistant spacer, and above all Excellent electrical insulation and also an extremely low one

Wärmeleitfähigkeit aufweist. Zudem muß das Produkt bzw. der Stoff UV- und wärmebeständig sein. Durch eine erfinderische Auswahl ist für diese Zwecke ein Stoff gefunden worden.Has thermal conductivity. In addition, the product or substance must be UV and heat resistant. A substance has been found for this purpose through an inventive selection.

Zwischen den Hohlprofilen 7,8 ist ein fester Isoliersteg 16 angeordnet, der aus einer ungeschäumten, ausgehärteten Polyurethanvergußmasse besteht. Der Rohstoff für diesen Isolierstoffsteg 16 wird unter der Handelsbezeichnung "Baydur VP PU 1397" der Bayer AG gehandelt. Es ist eine fertig formulierte, phaseninstabile, niedrig viskose Polyolformulierung, welche ein wasserbindendes Zusatzmittel enthält. Vor der Verarbeitung muß die Abmischung gut homogenisiert werden. Während der Verarbeitung soll ständig langsam gerührt werden. Die Formulierung hat die folgenden Eigenschaften:

Figure imgb0001
Between the hollow profiles 7, 8 there is a fixed insulating web 16, which consists of an unfoamed, hardened polyurethane casting compound. The raw material for this insulating material web 16 is traded under the trade name "Baydur VP PU 1397" from Bayer AG. It is a fully formulated, phase-unstable, low-viscosity polyol formulation that contains a water-binding additive. The mixture must be homogenized well before processing. Stir slowly during processing. The formulation has the following properties:
Figure imgb0001

Die untere Grenze der Verarbeitungstemperatur liegt bei 23°C. Die Aktivität von Baydur VPPU 1397 kann bei Temperaturen oberhalb von 35°C verändert werden.The lower limit of the processing temperature is 23 ° C. The activity of Baydur VPPU 1397 can be changed at temperatures above 35 ° C.

Die Verarbeitungstemperatur der Rohstoffe sollte mindestens 23°C betragen. Bei einer Kennzahl von 108 ergeben sich folgende Verarbeitungsrezepturen:

Figure imgb0002
The processing temperature of the raw materials should be at least 23 ° C. With a key figure of 108, the following processing recipes result:
Figure imgb0002

Die folgenden Verarbeitungskenndaten sind bei 28°C Rohstofftemperatur ermittelt und sind für das System charakteristisch:

Figure imgb0003
The following processing characteristics have been determined at a raw material temperature of 28 ° C and are characteristic of the system:
Figure imgb0003

Für die richtige Mischung werden z.B. bei einer Verarbeitungstemperatur der Rohstoffe von 23°C 1000 kg Baydur VP PU 1397 mit 970 kg Desmodur 44 V 10 B eingewogen und mit einem Rührer mit etwa 2000 U/min 10 Sekunden verrührt. Die Abbindezeit zwischen Rührbeginn und Abbinden des Reaktionsgemisches beträgt 60 ± 10 Sekunden. Zum Zeitpunkt des Abbindens verfestigt sich die Vergußmasse schlagartig.For the right mix e.g. Weighed 1000 kg Baydur VP PU 1397 with 970 kg Desmodur 44 V 10 B at a processing temperature of the raw materials of 23 ° C and stirred with a stirrer at approx. 2000 rpm for 10 seconds. The setting time between the start of stirring and the setting of the reaction mixture is 60 ± 10 seconds. At the time of setting, the casting compound solidifies suddenly.

Baydur VP PU 1397 ist eine Zubereitung auf Basis von Polyolen.Baydur VP PU 1397 is a preparation based on polyols.

Der Isolierstoffsteg 16 hat z.B. die folgenden Eigenschaften:

Figure imgb0004
Figure imgb0005
 The insulating web 16 has, for example, the following properties:
Figure imgb0004
Figure imgb0005

Die Verarbeitungsschwindung beträgt lediglich 0,8 ± 0,1% Fertigungstoleranz. Dieser Wert gilt für die Herstellung eines bis zu 100 mm dicken Isolierstoffstegs 16 bei einer Rohdichte von 1180 kg/m³ bei Einhaltung der angegebenen Verarbeitungsrezeptur mit Desmodur 44 V 10 B und einer Formverweilzeit von 1 Minute in einem auf 75°C temperierten Werkzeug.The processing shrinkage is only 0.8 ± 0.1% manufacturing tolerance. This value applies to the manufacture of an up to 100 mm thick insulating material web 16 with a bulk density of 1180 kg / m³ if the specified processing recipe with Desmodur 44 V 10 B and a mold retention time of 1 minute are maintained in a mold tempered to 75 ° C.

Desmodur 44 V 10 B ist ein flüssiges, lösungsmittelfreies Diphenylmethan-4,4'-diisocyanat mit einem bestimmten Gehalt an Isomeren und höherfunktionellen Homologen. Es wird in Verbindung mit Polyolen zur Herstellung von Baydur eingesetzt. Es weist in der Regel die folgende Lieferspezifikation auf:

Gehalt an Isocyanat
31,5 Gew.-% ± 1 Gew.-%
Viskosität bei 25°C
130 mPa.s ± 20 mPa.s
Acidität
max. 0,06 Gew.-%
Gesamtchlor
max. 0,5 Gew.-%
Gehalt an Phenylisocyanat
max. 50 ppm
Desmodur 44 V 10 B is a liquid, solvent-free diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate with a certain content of isomers and higher functional homologues. It is used in conjunction with polyols to manufacture Baydur. It usually has the following delivery specification:
Isocyanate content
31.5% by weight ± 1% by weight
Viscosity at 25 ° C
130 mPa.s ± 20 mPa.s
Acidity
Max. 0.06% by weight
Total chlorine
Max. 0.5% by weight
Phenyl isocyanate content
Max. 50 ppm

Die technischen Eigenschaften sind:

Figure imgb0006
The technical characteristics are:
Figure imgb0006

Durch die Auswahl dieses Stoffes ist es gelungen, einen optimal elektrisch isolierenden Abstandhalter zu schaffen. Die Breite des festen Isolierstoffstegs 16 beträgt vorzugsweise 1/3 bis 1/6 der Gesamtbreite des Abstandhalters 6.By choosing this material, it was possible to create an optimally electrically insulating spacer. The width of the solid insulating material web 16 is preferably 1/3 to 1/6 of the total width of the spacer 6.

Wenn man bedenkt, daß Abstandhalter aus Kunststoff die langfristigen Garantieanforderungen der Prüfinstitute und Isolierglashersteller in Verbindung mit Dichtstoffen nicht erfüllen, kann als überraschend gelten, daß der ausgewählte Stoff für den Isolierstoffsteg 16 alle geforderten Eigenschaften erfüllt. Zum Beispiel können zwei 5,5 mm breite geschweißte Abstandhalterprofile 7,8 - die sich durch eine große Eigenstabilität hervorragend eignen - mit dem ausgewählten Kunststoff, der die thermische und elektrische Trennung bewirken soll, kombiniert werden, um auch im Eckbereich optimale Trenneigenschaften zu erreichen. Darüber hinaus ist es aber auch überraschend, daß das neue Abstandhalterprofil im Eckbereich zur Ecke gebogen werden kann, ohne daß der Kunststoff die Biegung behindert.If one considers that plastic spacers do not meet the long-term guarantee requirements of the test institutes and insulating glass manufacturers in connection with sealants, it can be surprising that the selected material for the insulating web 16 fulfills all the required properties. For example, two 5.5 mm wide welded spacer profiles 7.8 - which are outstandingly suitable due to their great inherent stability - can be combined with the selected plastic, which is supposed to effect the thermal and electrical separation, in order to achieve optimum separation properties in the corner area as well. In addition, it is also surprising that the new spacer profile can be bent in the corner area to the corner without the plastic hindering the bending.

Der ausgewählte Kunststoff erfüllt die folgenden Anforderungen:

  • Temperaturbeständigkeit > 70°C und > minus 35°C
  • gute Verbindungseigenschaften mit Aluminium
  • gute Verbindungseigenschaften mit den für die Aluminiumproduktion notwendigen Dichtstoffen
  • Gasdiffusionsbeständigkeit
  • Trennung der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit
  • Herabsetzung auf ein Minimum der thermischen Diffusion.
The selected plastic meets the following requirements:
  • Temperature resistance> 70 ° C and> minus 35 ° C
  • good connection properties with aluminum
  • good connection properties with the sealants required for aluminum production
  • Resistance to gas diffusion
  • Separation of electrical conductivity
  • Reduction to a minimum of thermal diffusion.

Eine weitere günstige Eigenschaft des ausgewählten Polyurethan-Kunststoffs ist, daß er dauerhaft mit den bereits für Aluminium-Abstandhalter entwickelten Lacken kombiniert werden kann, so daß auch farbige Abstandhalter geschaffen werden können. Insbesondere ist die Verwendung von UV-beständigen Lacken möglich.Another favorable property of the selected polyurethane plastic is that it can be permanently combined with the lacquers already developed for aluminum spacers, so that colored spacers can also be created. In particular, the use of UV-resistant paints is possible.

Eine weitere besonders wichtige Möglichkeit besteht darin, den Polyurethan-Kunststoff einzufärben und auf diese Weise einen dekorativen Abstandhalter zu schaffen.Another particularly important option is to color the polyurethane plastic and thus create a decorative spacer.

Ein extrudiertes Kunststoffprofil in Verbindung mit Klebstoffen zu einem stabilen, verwindungssteifen System zu bringen, ist aufgrund zu geringer Eigenstabilität sowie der Gefahr des Ausdiffundierens der Klebstoffe als auch wegen des aufwendigen Handlings gescheitert. Hinzu kommen die enormen Produktionskosten, die aus der aufwendigen Fertigungsmethode resultieren.Bringing an extruded plastic profile in connection with adhesives to a stable, torsion-resistant system is due to insufficient inherent stability and the risk of Diffusing out of the adhesives failed because of the complex handling. Added to this are the enormous production costs that result from the complex manufacturing method.

Die Verwendung von zwei Abstandhalterprofilen im Durchlauf mit einem flüssigen Zweikomponenten-Polyurethan-Kunststoff führt zur Herstellung eines optimalen Abstandhalters. Die kontinuierliche synchrone Applikation des Polyurethans zwischen zwei parallel zueinanderlaufenden Abstandhalterprofilen und die anschließende Aushärtung führen zu einem kompakten Verbund der Abstandhalterprofile. Diese erfüllen die oben geforderten Bedingungen. Es ist somit eine Problemlösung gefunden worden, die nicht ohne weiteres erkennbar war.The use of two spacer profiles in one pass with a liquid two-component polyurethane plastic leads to the production of an optimal spacer. The continuous, synchronous application of the polyurethane between two spacer profiles running parallel to each other and the subsequent curing result in a compact bond of the spacer profiles. These meet the conditions required above. A solution to the problem has therefore been found which was not readily recognizable.

Während bei bekanntem, heizbarem Mehrscheiben-Isolierglas Wärmedämmwerte zwischen 1,1 bis 2,6 W/m²K angegeben werden und in Prüfberichten derartiger Mehrscheiben-Isoliergläser Werte zwischen 2,83 und 2,88 W/m²K gemessen werden, muß als überraschend gelten, daß das beschriebene Mehrscheiben-Isolierglas Werte für den Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten bzw. Wärmedämmwert um 0,45, insbesondere zwischen 0,3 und 0,7 W/m²K gewährleistet. Woraus dieser außergewöhnlich hohe Unterschied der Werte resultiert, ist derzeit noch nicht bekannt.While heat insulation values between 1.1 and 2.6 W / m²K are given in known, heatable multi-pane insulating glass and values between 2.83 and 2.88 W / m²K are measured in test reports of such multi-pane insulating glass, it must be considered surprising that the multi-pane insulating glass described guarantees values for the heat transfer coefficient or thermal insulation value of around 0.45, in particular between 0.3 and 0.7 W / m²K. It is not yet known what the result of this exceptionally high difference in values.

Die elektrische Isolierung des Isolierstoffstegs 16 ist zudem vollkommen.The electrical insulation of the insulating material web 16 is also perfect.

Es hat sich jedoch gezeigt, daß der Isolierstoffsteg 16 aus dem besonderen Material wasserdampfdurchlässig ist, wenn der Wasserdampf-Partialdruck eine bestimmte Größe überschreitet. Der Wasserdampf kann von außen durch den Raum 13 bzw. durch die Kittmasse 14 im Raum 13 an den Isolierstoffsteg 16 gelangen. Dringt Wasserdampf in den Isolierstoffsteg 16, wird die elektrische Isolierfähigkeit herabgesetzt bzw. kann elektrische Leitfähigkeit auftreten. Sofern der Wasserdampf den Isolierstoffsteg 16 durchdringt, gelangt er in den Scheibenzwischenraum 3 und wird solange von dem in den Abstandhalterhohlprofilen 7,8 befindlichen Trockenmittel 11 adsorbiert, bis das Trockenmittel verbraucht ist. Da der Zwischenraum 15 zwischen den Abstandhalterhohlprofilen 7,8 groß ist, können beachtliche Wasserdampfmengen durch den Isolierstoffsteg 16 in den Scheibenzwischenraum 3 gelangen, so daß das Trockenmittel 11 solche Mengen, die in zeitlich unterschiedlichen Mengen kumulativ anfallen können, nicht langfristig verarbeiten kann. Die Folge ist ein Beschlagen der Scheiben von innen sowie ein Verlust der Wärmeisolation.However, it has been shown that the insulating material web 16 made of the special material is permeable to water vapor if the water vapor partial pressure exceeds a certain size. The water vapor can reach the insulating web 16 from the outside through the room 13 or through the cement 14 in the room 13. If water vapor penetrates the insulating material web 16, the electrical insulating capacity is reduced or electrical conductivity can occur. If the water vapor penetrates the insulating material web 16, it reaches the space between the panes 3 and is adsorbed by the desiccant 11 located in the spacer hollow profiles 7, 8 until the desiccant is used up. Since the space 15 between the spacer hollow profiles 7, 8 is large, considerable amounts of water vapor can get through the insulating web 16 into the space between the panes 3, so that the desiccant 11 cannot process such amounts, which can be accumulated in different amounts in time, in the long term. The result is fogging of the panes from the inside and loss of heat insulation.

Die Erfindung löst das Problem auf verblüffend einfache Weise, indem ein Abstandhalter 6 zur Verfügung gestellt wird, bei dem die zum Raum 13 weisende Außenoberfläche 16a mit einer wasserdampfundurchlässigen Schicht 17 abgedeckt ist. Diese Schicht 17 besteht z.B. aus Butyl, einem Material, das auch seitlich des Abstandhalters 6 als wasserdampfundurchlässige und klebrige Schicht 12 verwendet wird.The invention solves the problem in an astonishingly simple manner by providing a spacer 6 in which the outer surface 16a facing the space 13 is covered with a layer 17 impermeable to water vapor. This layer 17 consists e.g. made of butyl, a material that is also used on the side of the spacer 6 as a water vapor impermeable and sticky layer 12.

Damit der Abstandhalter 6 handhabbar ist - Abstandhalter werden abgelängt in Stangenform an Isolierglashersteller geliefert -, wird die freie Oberfläche 17a der klebrigen Butylschicht 17 mit einem Papier- und/oder Kunststoffband 18 abgedeckt, so daß die Klebrigkeit des Butyls bei der Handhabung nicht stört und die freie Oberfläche der Butylschicht 17 nicht verschmutzt. Das Band 18 wird kurz vor dem Einbau des Abstandhalters 6 zwischen die Glasscheiben 1,2 entfernt und die Butylschicht 17 mit der Kittmasse 14 kontaktiert.So that the spacer 6 can be handled - spacers are supplied cut to length in the form of bars to insulating glass manufacturers - the free surface 17a of the sticky butyl layer 17 is covered with a paper and / or plastic tape 18, so that the stickiness of the butyl does not interfere with handling and the free surface of the butyl layer 17 is not dirty. The tape 18 is removed shortly before the spacer 6 is installed between the glass panes 1, 2 and the butyl layer 17 is contacted with the putty 14.

Es gelingt somit, mit sehr einfachen Mitteln einen Abstandhalter 6 für beheizbares Mehrscheiben-Isolierglas zur Verfügung zu stellen, der wasserdampf-diffusionsdicht und handhabbar ist.It is thus possible to use a very simple means to provide a spacer 6 for heatable multi-pane insulating glass which is water vapor diffusion-tight and can be handled.

Claims (7)

  1. Spacer for a heatable multi-pane insulating glass which comprises at least two glass panes held at a spacing by the spacer and having a gas-filled or evacuated intermediate space and a resistance heating element on a surface of the glass pane which is on the intermediate space side, and connections for the supply of an electrical current to the resistance heating element, the spacer being composed from at least two metal spacer hollow profiles, preferably of aluminium, which are arranged parallel next to one another and spaced from one another, and the intermediate space between the hollow profiles being filled with a plastics material which adheres firmly to the surface of the side walls of the hollow profiles and is preferably of a polyurethane casting composition and has a heat-insulating and an electrically insulating effect, characterized in that the outer surface (16a) of the plastics material forming a plastics web (16) is covered by a layer (17) which is impermeable to water vapour.
  2. Spacer according to Claim 1, characterized in that the layer (17) is of butyl.
  3. Spacer according to Claim 1 and/or 2, characterized in that the free outer surface (17a) of the layer (17) is covered by a strip (18).
  4. Spacer according to Claim 3, characterized in that the strip (18) is of paper.
  5. Spacer according to Claim 3, characterized in that the strip (18) is of plastics material.
  6. Spacer according to one or more of Claims 3 to 5, characterized in that there is an adhesive connection between the layer (17) and the strip (18).
  7. Spacer according to Claim 6, characterized in that the strip (18) can be pulled off without impairing the layer (17) before the spacer (6) is used.
EP92101598A 1991-03-20 1992-01-31 Spacer element for multiple-insulating glazing Revoked EP0504561B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9103448U 1991-03-20
DE9103448U DE9103448U1 (en) 1991-03-20 1991-03-20 Spacers for a multi-pane insulating glass unit

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EP0504561A1 EP0504561A1 (en) 1992-09-23
EP0504561B1 true EP0504561B1 (en) 1994-05-18

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EP (1) EP0504561B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH05133168A (en)
AT (1) ATE105911T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2043915A1 (en)
DE (2) DE9103448U1 (en)
DK (1) DK0504561T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2054512T3 (en)
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DK0504561T3 (en) 1994-09-26
US5125195A (en) 1992-06-30
ATE105911T1 (en) 1994-06-15
FI97414C (en) 1996-12-10
EP0504561A1 (en) 1992-09-23
JPH05133168A (en) 1993-05-28
FI97414B (en) 1996-08-30
CA2043915A1 (en) 1992-09-21
NO920443D0 (en) 1992-02-04
NO920443L (en) 1992-09-21
FI921198A0 (en) 1992-03-20
DE9103448U1 (en) 1992-07-16
ES2054512T3 (en) 1994-08-01
FI921198A (en) 1992-09-21

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