EP0504247A1 - A composite material - Google Patents
A composite materialInfo
- Publication number
- EP0504247A1 EP0504247A1 EP91900894A EP91900894A EP0504247A1 EP 0504247 A1 EP0504247 A1 EP 0504247A1 EP 91900894 A EP91900894 A EP 91900894A EP 91900894 A EP91900894 A EP 91900894A EP 0504247 A1 EP0504247 A1 EP 0504247A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- composite material
- fastener
- layers
- vacuum bag
- leg
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 6
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003351 stiffener Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011157 advanced composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004761 kevlar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
- B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
- B29C53/02—Bending or folding
- B29C53/04—Bending or folding of plates or sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
- B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
- B29C65/4835—Heat curing adhesives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
- B29C65/5064—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped
- B29C65/5071—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped and being composed by one single element
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
- B29C65/5064—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped
- B29C65/5078—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped and being composed by several elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
- B29C65/5064—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped
- B29C65/5085—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped and comprising grooves, e.g. being E-shaped, H-shaped
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
- B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
- B29C65/564—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined hidden in the joint, e.g. dowels or Z-pins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/72—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by combined operations or combined techniques, e.g. welding and stitching
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
- B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
- B29C66/434—Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, fork connections or cross connections
- B29C66/4342—Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, e.g. for making V-shaped pieces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
- B29C66/434—Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, fork connections or cross connections
- B29C66/4344—Joining substantially flat articles for forming fork connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces
- B29C66/43441—Joining substantially flat articles for forming fork connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces with two right angles, e.g. for making T-shaped pieces, H-shaped pieces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/474—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
- B29C66/524—Joining profiled elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/81455—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps being a fluid inflatable bag or bladder, a diaphragm or a vacuum bag for applying isostatic pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
- B29C66/91411—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
- B29C66/91441—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature the temperature being non-constant over time
- B29C66/91443—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature the temperature being non-constant over time following a temperature-time profile
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
- B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
- B29C66/91951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to time, e.g. temperature-time diagrams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
- B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
- B29C70/24—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least three directions forming a three dimensional structure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
- B29C70/345—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation using matched moulds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
- B29C70/543—Fixing the position or configuration of fibrous reinforcements before or during moulding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
- B29C65/5007—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like
- B29C65/5021—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like being multi-layered
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
- B29C65/5007—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
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- B29C66/72141—Fibres of continuous length
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
- B29C66/73755—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being fully cured, i.e. fully cross-linked, fully vulcanized
- B29C66/73756—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being fully cured, i.e. fully cross-linked, fully vulcanized the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being fully cured
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
- B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
- B29C66/73941—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset characterised by the materials of both parts being thermosets
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- B29K2063/00—Use of EP, i.e. epoxy resins or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29K2079/00—Use of polymers having nitrogen, with or without oxygen or carbon only, in the main chain, not provided for in groups B29K2061/00 - B29K2077/00, as moulding material
- B29K2079/08—PI, i.e. polyimides or derivatives thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29K2277/00—Use of PA, i.e. polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides or derivatives thereof, as reinforcement
- B29K2277/10—Aromatic polyamides [Polyaramides] or derivatives thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2307/00—Use of elements other than metals as reinforcement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2307/00—Use of elements other than metals as reinforcement
- B29K2307/02—Boron
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
- B29L2031/3076—Aircrafts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B15/00—Nails; Staples
- F16B15/0015—Staples
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a composite material, such as for example a composite material particularly suitable for forming the outer surface material of an aircraft.
- •• material includes any suitable component or structure, such as for example a laminate joint, depending on the application of the invention.
- a previously proposed composite material has been manufactured by embedding high strength fibres having a high modulus of elasticity within a homogenous matrix.
- the fibres are made cf carbon, aramid or boron, and the matrix can be formed cf material such as an epoxy, bi ⁇ malemide or polyi ide resin.
- the fibres are supplied in a uni-directional, woven cr fibrous mat format which is pre-impregnated with slightly cured resin to form an intermediate fabric material.
- This intermediate fabric material is flexible and tacky, and the positions of the fibre filaments therein are net fixed. Layers of these intermediate fabric materials are assembled one upon the other in a mould, and then compressed and heated. The heating action accelerates the curing of the resin, and the combination of the heating and compression joins together the intermediate fabric materials to form the composite material.
- a method of manufacturing a composite material comprising placing together face to face a plurality of layers of intermediate- fabric material, each layer comprising high strength fibres having a high modulus of elasticity in a tacky homogeneous resin matrix, fastening together said layers at spaced locations thereon, and then compressing and heating the layer assembly to cure the resin.
- Crimp fastening is meant a process in which each leg of a fastener is forced through at least two overlapping layers by direct pressure when the fastener is either stationary or subject to mechanical rotation. When each leg of a fastener protrudes through the overlapping layers to a required distance it is either crimped or punched in a controlled manner to produce a clamping or fastening action.
- Crimp fasteners may have any suitable number of legs, such as for example one, two or three legs as illustrated in Figure 8 of the drawings, or may be of a spiral or helical configuration as illustrated in Figure 9 of the drawings.
- the fastener is made of any suitable material, such as for example metal or plastics material, capable of being crimped or punched to produce the required clamping or fastening action.
- the fasteners* may be covered by additional layers of intermediate fabric material before the assembly is heated and compressed.
- Figs, la, lb and lc are diagrammatic illustrations of three stages in.the manufacture of a composite material
- Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing one stage in the preparation of the composite material
- Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of the composite material in a mould tool
- Fig. 4 is a detailed sectional elevation of part of the composite material located in a mould tool
- Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing one stage in the preparation of a further composite material
- Figs. 6 and 7 are diagrammatic illustrations of two examples of crimp fasteners for use in the preparation of the composite material
- Figs 8 and 9 are diagrammatic illustrations of further examples of crimp fasteners for use in the preparation of the composite material
- Fig. ⁇ o is a diagram of an operational cycle of the invention.
- Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic illustration of examples of skin stiffening configurations which are suitable for the crimp fastening method of the invention.
- Fig. 12 is a diagrammatic illustration of examples of composite fasteners of the invention
- Fig. 13 is a diagrammatic illustration of stages in the manufacture of a composite material using composite fasteners.
- transversely spaced stacks 2 and 4 of intermediate fabric material are supplied on a release film 6. These stacks have been compacted or debulked under vacuum at room temperature. This compaction or debulking gives to each stack a degree of structural rigidity which aids assembly of the proposed composite material.
- Each stack consists of a plurality of layers of the material placed together face to face.
- Each layer of intermediate fabric material is formed by embedding high strength fibres having a high modulus of elasticity in a homogeneous matrix which may be an epoxy, bismalemide or a polyimide resin.
- the fibres may be uni ⁇ directional, woven or in the form of a fibrous mat, and the fibres may be made of materials such as carbon, aramid or boron.
- Each intermediate fabric material layer is supplied with the resin matrix slightly cured to ensure that the fabric layer is tacky and flexible, and at this stage the fibres are not in a fixed position in the matrix.
- the stacks 2 and 4 are rectangular in shape.
- the release film 6 is removed from the stacks 2 and 4, and a film of adhesive is applied to the lower surface of the side portion 8 of the stack 2, and the upper surface of the side portion 10 of the stack 4.
- These side portions 8 and 10 are then placed in overlapping relationship as shown in Fig. lb.
- Each side portion is in the form of a strip running parallel to one edge of the appropriate stack 2 or .
- These side portions 8 and 10 are then crimp fastened together by a plurality of fasteners 12 which are spaced along the side portions 8 and 10.
- further layers 14 and 16 of intermediate fabric material are placed over the side portions 8 and 10 to cover the fasteners 12.
- the crimp fastened stacks 2 and 4 of intermediate fabric material are placed in a mould tool comprising a base plate 18 and a top mould plate 20.
- a vacuum bag 22 is placed over the top mould plate 20, and an airtight seal is made between the vacuum bag 22 and the base plate 18 by means of a peripheral sealer tape 24.
- FIG. 4 provides a more detailed illustration of part of the mould tool of Fig. 3, and for clarity corresponding components in Figs. 3 and 4 have been given the same reference numerals.
- a release film 26 is located between
- a release agent 28 is located below the stacks 2 and 4 to prevent these stacks from adhering to the mould base plate 18.
- An edge breather 30 extends round the base plate 18 adjacent to the edge of the vacuum bag 22, and a surface breather 32 of plate form is located near the upper portion of the vacuum bag 22.. This surface breather 32 has an area slightly less than the area of the top of the vacuum bag 22. Referring to Fig. 3, the space inside the vacuum bag 22 is evacuated* by withdrawing air through a passage 34 at one edge of the vacuum bag 22.
- the edge breather 30 and the surface breather 32 assist in ensuring that air is withdrawn from substantially the entire region covered by the vacuum bag 22, and that the vacuum bag 22 does not wrinkle or distort unduly during evacuation.
- the space under ' the vacuum bag 22 is evacuated, the crimp fastened stacks 2 and 4 are compressed by bringing together the mould plates 18 and 20, and the mould tool and vacuum bag assembly is then heated in an autoclave to cure the crimp fastened stacks 2 and 4 while they remain under pressure to form the required composite material.
- the mould tool and vacuum bag assembly is removed from the autoclave, the vacuum bag 22 is removed, the mould plates 18 and 20 are separated, and the cured composite material is removed from between the separated mould plates 18 and 20.
- the invention also includes within its scope the above- mentioned method of manufacturing a composite material in which the top mould plate 20 is not used.
- the required degree of compression is obtained between the vacuum bag 22 and the base plate 18.
- the top mould plate is used (1) to produce a composite material having a tool finish on both major surfaces, (2) to dissipate the autoclave pressure through the fasteners 12 and the debulked stacks 2 and 4, and (3) to form the integral stiffening or structural element where applicable.
- crimp fastener Any suitable form of crimp fastener may be used, and Figs. 6 to 9 illustrate suitable examples of crimp fasteners.
- crimp fasteners can be separably attached to one another in a stack to facilitate loading into a crimping machine similar to a conventional industrial stapler.
- Fig. 5 illustrates the various stages of fastening together two stacks of * intermediate fabric material.
- one stack 36 is in the form of a planar sheet
- the other stack 38 is in the form cf a C section stiffener or girder.
- the debulked C section stack 38 is crimp fastened to the debulked planar stack 36 in order to assist in correctly locating the structure onto the base plate 18.
- the method of the described and illustrated embodiment provides a composite structure which is self sealing, and does not require expensive post jigging or drilling of the cured structure.
- the maximum cure pressure is in the range from 5.86xl0 5 to 6.89xl0 5 N/m 2 with a maximum cure temperature of 179 ⁇ 5°C maintained over a period of 120 + 5 minutes, a heat up rate of 0.5 to 2.5°C per minute and a maximum cool down rate of 2.5°C per minute.
- cure pressure is meant the pressure inside the autoclave, and hence the external pressure exerted on the vacuum bag 22.
- a full vacuum is applied to the interior of the mould tool and vacuum bag assembly. This equates to an external pressure of 1.013xl0 5 N/m 2 (14.7 psig) which is produced by the column of air acting vertically above the vacuum bag 22.
- the minimum pressure allowable on a vacuum bagged part placed in the autoclave before commencing the cure cycle is 20"Hg (0.667xl0 5 N/m 2 ) . This vacuum serves to maintain the position of the bag, breather, etc. over the crimp fastened stacks 2 and 4.
- the vacuum line connecting the bagged part and the vacuum pump which produces the 0.667xl0 5 N/m 2 minimum pressure is vented to the atmosphere outside the autoclave once the internal autoclave pressure reaches 1.38xl0 5 N/m 2 (20psig) .
- the reason for this action is because once the autoclave pressure exceeds 1.013xl0 5 N/m*- (I4.7psig) there is no longer any advantage in applying a vacuum.
- joints can be used for local reinforcement, for example, at the "end” of stiffening elements to:-
- Crimp fastening may be employed to improve the through thickness structural strength of advanced composites (i.e. prevents delamination
- the crimp fasteners of the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 1 to 11 are made of any suitable metal or metal alloy.
- the layers of composite material may be fastened together by means of composite fasteners.
- composite fastener is meant a fastener made of a plurality_ of layers of woven and uni-directional material.
- Each layer may be made of a thermosetting or thermoplastics material, including a reinforcement made of Kevlar, carbon or boron.
- These layers are placed together face to face to form a stack which is placed in a mould tool, and cured to a desired configuration.
- Fig. 12 illustrates several different configurations of fastener
- Fig. 13(a) illustrates the preparation and curing of a layer stack having a Z configuration.
- the cured stack is then cut to form a plurality of Z configuration fasteners.
- the spacing of the cuts in the layer stack will of course define the width of each fastener.
- first and second L-shaped stacks of layered intermediate fabric material are placed back to back on a third generally planar stack of layered intermediate fabric material.
- the stack combination is placed on a steel base plate.
- This base plate constitutes the base of a mould tool as illustrated in Fig. 4 and described in the corresponding part of the description.
- a series of holes are formed in the base parts of the two L-shaped stacks and the coaxial parts of the third stack by means of a punch.
- the Z-shaped f steners illustrated in Fig. 13 (c) are inserted through their respective holes and rotated into their fastening position as illustrated in Fig. 13(e). .
- all or part of the stacks may be lifted from the steel base plate.
- the fasteners are inserted manually using a suitably shaped tweezer type tool.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
On produit un matériau composite à partir de deux piles (2 et 4) mutuellement espacées d'un tissu intermédiaire. Chaque pile est formée d'une pluralité de couches rassemblées face à face. On produit chaque couche en insérant des fibres de haute résistance, avec un module d'élasticité élevé, dans une matrice résineuse. Les piles (2 et 4) sont enlevées d'une pellicule de libération (6) et une pellicule d'adhésif est appliquée sur la surface inférieure de la partie latérale (8) de la pile (2) et sur la surface supérieure de la partie latérale (10) de la pile (4). Ces parties latérales (8 et 10) sont placées de manière à se chevaucher, puis sont reliées par gaufrage l'une à l'autre par une pluralité d'éléments de fixation (12). Des couches supplémentaires (14 et 16) de tissu intermédiaire sont placées sur les parties latérales (8 et 10) afin de recouvrir les éléments de fixation (12). Les piles reliées par gaufrage (2 et 4) sont placées dans un outil de moulage composé d'une plaque de base (18) et d'une plaque supérieure de moulage (20). Un sac sous vide (22) est placé sur la plaque supérieure de moulage (20) et un fermeture étanche à l'air est établie entre le sac sous vide (22) et la plaque de base (18) au moyen d'une bande périphérique de scellement (24). Puis l'air contenu dans le sac sous vide (22) est évacué par un passage (34) ménagé sur un bord du sac sous vide (22). On comprime les piles (2 et 4) ainsi fixées en rapprochant les plaques (18 et 20), puis en chauffant en autoclave l'outil de moulage et l'ensemble de sac sous vide afin de durcir les piles (2 et 4) pendant qu'elles sont maintenues sous pression et de former le matériau composite voulu. Une fois l'opération de durcissement achevée, l'outil de moulage et l'ensemble de sac sous vide sont enlevés de l'autoclave, le sac sous vide (22) est enlevé, les plaques de moulage (18 et 20) sont séparées et le matériau composite durci est enlevé des plaques de moulage.A composite material is produced from two piles (2 and 4) spaced apart from an intermediate fabric. Each stack is formed of a plurality of layers gathered face to face. Each layer is produced by inserting fibers of high resistance, with a high modulus of elasticity, into a resinous matrix. The batteries (2 and 4) are removed from a release film (6) and an adhesive film is applied to the lower surface of the lateral part (8) of the battery (2) and to the upper surface of the side part (10) of the stack (4). These lateral parts (8 and 10) are placed so as to overlap, and are then connected by embossing to each other by a plurality of fastening elements (12). Additional layers (14 and 16) of intermediate fabric are placed on the side portions (8 and 10) to cover the fasteners (12). The embossed stacks (2 and 4) are placed in a molding tool composed of a base plate (18) and an upper molding plate (20). A vacuum bag (22) is placed on the upper molding plate (20) and an airtight closure is established between the vacuum bag (22) and the base plate (18) by means of a strip sealing device (24). Then the air contained in the vacuum bag (22) is evacuated through a passage (34) formed on an edge of the vacuum bag (22). The stacks (2 and 4) thus fixed are compressed by bringing the plates (18 and 20) together, then by autoclaving the molding tool and the vacuum bag assembly in order to harden the stacks (2 and 4) for that they are kept under pressure and form the desired composite material. Once the curing operation is completed, the molding tool and the vacuum bag assembly are removed from the autoclave, the vacuum bag (22) is removed, the molding plates (18 and 20) are separated and the cured composite material is removed from the mold plates.
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8927734 | 1989-12-07 | ||
GB898927734A GB8927734D0 (en) | 1989-12-07 | 1989-12-07 | A composite material |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0504247A1 true EP0504247A1 (en) | 1992-09-23 |
Family
ID=10667605
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91900894A Withdrawn EP0504247A1 (en) | 1989-12-07 | 1990-12-06 | A composite material |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0504247A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH05501994A (en) |
AU (1) | AU6907991A (en) |
BR (1) | BR9007901A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2070830A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI922471A (en) |
GB (2) | GB8927734D0 (en) |
IL (1) | IL96596A0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1991008892A1 (en) |
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CA2511569C (en) | 1998-05-20 | 2007-11-27 | Cytec Technology Corporation | Manufacture of void-free laminates and use thereof |
US8720825B2 (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2014-05-13 | The Boeing Company | Composite stiffeners for aerospace vehicles |
US8444087B2 (en) | 2005-04-28 | 2013-05-21 | The Boeing Company | Composite skin and stringer structure and method for forming the same |
US7740932B2 (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2010-06-22 | The Boeing Company | Hybrid fiberglass composite structures and methods of forming the same |
US7467763B2 (en) | 2005-06-03 | 2008-12-23 | Kismarton Max U | Composite landing gear apparatus and methods |
US7721495B2 (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2010-05-25 | The Boeing Company | Composite structural members and methods for forming the same |
US7748119B2 (en) | 2005-06-03 | 2010-07-06 | The Boeing Company | Method for manufacturing composite components |
DE102006001494B3 (en) * | 2006-01-11 | 2007-08-02 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Method for producing bond of aircraft components involves covering electrical heating film and aircraft components, by cover sealingly connected with surface of aircraft component, to form cavity |
GB0619667D0 (en) | 2006-10-05 | 2006-11-15 | Short Brothers Ltd | Apparatus and method for close tolerance forming of areas in fibre reinforced resin composite components |
DE102008039223B8 (en) * | 2008-08-22 | 2010-06-10 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Fiber composite structure and manufacturing method therefor |
DE102009010292A1 (en) * | 2009-02-24 | 2010-08-26 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Process for producing a fiber-reinforced plastic component |
GB2475523B (en) * | 2009-11-20 | 2012-09-05 | Gkn Aerospace Services Ltd | Dual-skin structures |
JPWO2011105540A1 (en) | 2010-02-26 | 2013-06-20 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Composite repair method and composite material using the same |
DE102011006792B4 (en) * | 2011-04-05 | 2017-07-27 | Airbus Operations Gmbh | Method for producing and connecting fiber-reinforced components as well as aircraft or spacecraft |
US8940222B2 (en) | 2011-11-03 | 2015-01-27 | The Boeing Company | High flow edge breather and method |
DE102011120636A1 (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2013-06-13 | Airbus Operations Gmbh | Fiber composite component assembly having at least two plate-shaped fiber composite components and method for producing the same |
FR2998210B1 (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2017-03-10 | Plastic Omnium Cie | ASSEMBLY OF A METAL INSERT AND A MATERIAL COMPOSITE TABLE, METHOD FOR INCORPORATING SUCH AN INSERT IN SUCH A TABLET AND PART OBTAINED BY MOLDING SUCH A TABLET |
US9878773B2 (en) | 2012-12-03 | 2018-01-30 | The Boeing Company | Split resistant composite laminate |
US9610728B2 (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2017-04-04 | The Boeing Company | Apparatus and methods for bonding laminate structures |
US10457017B2 (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2019-10-29 | The Boeing Company | Method of forming a layered composite assembly |
AT516904A1 (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2016-09-15 | Engel Austria Gmbh | Fiber composite component and method of manufacture |
EP3498448B1 (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2021-11-24 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Molding method for composite material and intermediate member for composite material |
FR3056145B1 (en) * | 2016-09-16 | 2018-10-26 | Plastic Omnium Cie | IMPROVED MANUFACTURING METHOD OF A HYBRID STRUCTURE OF A MOTOR VEHICLE AND CORRESPONDING HYBRID STRUCTURE PIECE |
JP6774553B2 (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2020-10-28 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Composite material pressurizing device and composite material molding method |
CN109720415B (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2022-07-15 | 全耐塑料公司 | Method for manufacturing an improved hybrid structural component for a motor vehicle and corresponding hybrid structural component |
DE102017125621A1 (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2019-05-02 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Connecting element for fiber composite components, method for connecting fiber composite components, apparatus for connecting fiber composite components and fiber composite component assembly |
CN108297458B (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2023-05-02 | 吉林大学 | Forming and riveting method for carbon fiber composite material and metal plate |
CN108943761B (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2020-06-02 | 江西昌河航空工业有限公司 | Curing method for steel mesh and skin of engine nozzle |
CN111746000B (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2022-07-29 | 上海复合材料科技有限公司 | Strake slender composite material wing surface and forming method thereof |
CN114055806B (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-08-12 | 成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 | Composite material hybrid skin forming method |
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GB841371A (en) * | 1957-08-13 | 1960-07-13 | Aeroplastics Ltd | Improvements relating to methods of manufacturing hollow bodies of synthetic-resin-impregnated glass fibre |
FR2312369A1 (en) * | 1975-05-26 | 1976-12-24 | Dassault Avions | POROUS STRUCTURE |
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US4786343A (en) * | 1985-05-10 | 1988-11-22 | The Boeing Company | Method of making delamination resistant composites |
US4679291A (en) * | 1986-02-26 | 1987-07-14 | Shell Oil Company | Robotic stapling system for fiber placement for composite parts |
US4808461A (en) * | 1987-12-14 | 1989-02-28 | Foster-Miller, Inc. | Composite structure reinforcement |
-
1989
- 1989-12-07 GB GB898927734A patent/GB8927734D0/en active Pending
-
1990
- 1990-12-06 JP JP3501309A patent/JPH05501994A/en active Pending
- 1990-12-06 AU AU69079/91A patent/AU6907991A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-12-06 BR BR909007901A patent/BR9007901A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-12-06 GB GB9026576A patent/GB2238977B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-12-06 WO PCT/GB1990/001903 patent/WO1991008892A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-12-06 EP EP91900894A patent/EP0504247A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1990-12-06 CA CA002070830A patent/CA2070830A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-12-07 IL IL96596A patent/IL96596A0/en unknown
-
1992
- 1992-05-29 FI FI922471A patent/FI922471A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO9108892A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB9026576D0 (en) | 1991-01-23 |
AU6907991A (en) | 1991-07-18 |
CA2070830A1 (en) | 1991-06-08 |
IL96596A0 (en) | 1991-09-16 |
JPH05501994A (en) | 1993-04-15 |
GB2238977A (en) | 1991-06-19 |
WO1991008892A1 (en) | 1991-06-27 |
FI922471A0 (en) | 1992-05-29 |
GB8927734D0 (en) | 1990-02-07 |
BR9007901A (en) | 1992-09-22 |
GB2238977B (en) | 1994-01-05 |
FI922471A (en) | 1992-05-29 |
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