CN108297458B - Forming and riveting method for carbon fiber composite material and metal plate - Google Patents
Forming and riveting method for carbon fiber composite material and metal plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN108297458B CN108297458B CN201810300012.4A CN201810300012A CN108297458B CN 108297458 B CN108297458 B CN 108297458B CN 201810300012 A CN201810300012 A CN 201810300012A CN 108297458 B CN108297458 B CN 108297458B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
- B29C70/78—Moulding material on one side only of the preformed part
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
- B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
- B29C65/601—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined
- B29C65/602—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined using hollow rivets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/40—Weight reduction
Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for forming a carbon fiber composite material and integrating the carbon fiber composite material with a metal plate in a sticking and riveting way, belongs to the technical field of composite riveting, and solves the technical problems that in the prior art, gaps exist between the composite material and the metal material, the composite material and an adhesive layer are damaged by riveting, and the process is complex; the method for sticking and riveting the carbon fiber composite material and the metal material by using the device comprises the following steps: filling the carbon fiber prepreg into a mold; performing gelation on the carbon fiber prepreg; closing the mold and pressurizing the gelled carbon fiber prepreg and the metal plate; heating to solidify the carbon fiber prepreg and the metal plate; cooling and demoulding; removing burrs and burrs at the edge parts of the carbon fiber composite material plate and the metal plate adhesive riveting test piece during molding; the patent realizes compression molding of the carbon fiber composite material and can finish bonding at the same time; effectively improves the bonding performance and the bonding strength.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite riveting, and particularly relates to a carbon fiber composite material forming and metal plate sticking and riveting method.
Background
The car light weight technology is a hot research topic in the development of automobiles, and the adoption of novel composite materials to replace traditional metal materials is an important approach for car light weight. The carbon fiber composite material has the mechanical characteristics of high strength, high modulus, high specific strength and high specific modulus, so that the carbon fiber composite material can realize the weight reduction of the automobile on the premise of not reducing the overall mechanical property of the automobile.
The carbon fiber composite material for the vehicle has been significantly advanced, but in the connection problem of the carbon fiber composite material and the metal material, the connection relationship is complex, and at present, the connection method of the carbon fiber composite material and the metal material mainly comprises the following steps: traditional mechanical connection, glue joint connection, suture connection, cold rolling riveting and the like, wherein the glue joint connection is practical and simple, but has some obvious defects, the connection performance is easily affected by the environment, the close connection of the carbon fiber composite material and the metal material cannot be ensured, the two can lead to incomplete surface fit in the forming process, bubbles and local defects can be generated in the glue joint, and the stress concentration seriously affects the connection performance. The carbon fiber composite material self-piercing riveting technology is more complex than the metal material, the poor ductility of the carbon fiber composite material determines that the carbon fiber composite material is not easy to self-piercing rivet with the metal material, and the carbon fiber composite material is a brittle material, so that the structure damage at the joint can influence the performance. And after the adhesive layer is solidified, riveting is performed, and rivets penetrate through the adhesive layer to influence the mechanical properties of the adhesive layer.
At present, a composite material and metal adhesive riveting production line generally needs to be subjected to composite material forming, complete curing, then a transfer device and bonding with a metal plate, and a cementing agent is completely cured and transferred to a riveting device for riveting, so that a plurality of working procedures and stations are needed to be matched;
the bonding process of the composite material and the metal mainly comprises the steps of respectively forming the metal material and the composite material, and then gluing the adhesive on the surface; the requirements on the molding surface and the die are high, and the non-anastomosis of the surfaces of the composite material and the metal plate is extremely easy to cause cementing defects;
the main problem of the adhesive riveting process for the composite material and the metal plate is that the composite material and the cementing agent are damaged in the riveting process due to the brittleness characteristics of the composite material and the cementing agent, and the mechanical property of the riveting joint is greatly affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for sticking and riveting a carbon fiber composite material and a metal material, wherein the carbon fiber composite material is directly molded on a molded metal plate, so that the molding is realized, the glue and the rivet are integrated, the bonding defect is effectively prevented, and the carbon fiber composite material is tightly connected with the metal plate;
the invention further aims to provide a carbon fiber composite material forming and metal plate sticking and riveting method, which solves the technical problems that in the prior art, gaps exist in connection of a composite material and a metal material, the composite material and a glue layer are damaged by riveting, and the process procedure is complex.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a device for forming a carbon fiber composite material and sticking and riveting a metal plate, which comprises an upper mechanism, a lower mechanism, a driving mechanism, an upper temperature sensor, a lower temperature sensor, an upper heating duct, a lower heating duct, an upper cooling water duct, a lower cooling water duct, an upper pressure sensor, a lower pressure sensor and a control box;
the driving mechanism, the upper temperature sensor, the lower temperature sensor, the upper heating pore canal, the lower heating pore canal, the upper cooling water canal, the lower cooling water canal, the upper pressure sensor and the lower pressure sensor are controlled by the control box;
the upper mechanism comprises an upper male die, a punch, four guide sleeves with the same structure, an upper heating duct, an upper cooling water channel, an upper temperature sensor and an upper pressure sensor; a through hole is formed in the center of the upper male die, the punch moves up and down along the through hole, and the upper male die is fixedly connected with the four guide sleeves respectively; the upper temperature sensor and the upper pressure sensor are respectively glued on the lower surface of the upper male die and are respectively connected with the control box through wires; the driving mechanism is used for driving the upper mechanism, the upper male die and the punch to move up and down respectively;
20-30 upper heating pore canal and upper cooling water canal are arranged at the position 60-100 mm away from the lower surface of the upper male die, the upper heating pore canal and the upper cooling water canal are parallel to each other, the upper heating pore canal and the upper cooling water canal are circular pore canal with the diameter of 18-22 mm, the center distance between two adjacent pore canals of the upper heating pore canal is 60-100 mm, the center distance between two adjacent pore canals of the upper cooling water canal is 60-100 mm, and the center distance between the upper heating pore canal and the upper cooling water canal in the vertical direction is 50-100 mm;
the lower mechanism comprises a lower female die, a riveting female die cavity, four guide posts with the same structure, a lower heating duct, a lower cooling water channel, a lower temperature sensor and a lower pressure sensor; each guide sleeve corresponds to one guide post, and the guide sleeves move up and down along the corresponding guide posts; the lower female die is a rectangular structural member, an annular cavity is arranged in the center of the lower female die, the annular cavity is a female die cavity, a conical boss is arranged in the center of the annular cavity, and the rotation axis of the female die cavity is collinear with the rotation axis of the conical boss; the lower temperature sensor and the lower pressure sensor are respectively glued on the upper surface of the lower female die and are respectively connected with the control box through wires;
the bottom surface of the upper male die is in contact connection with the top surface of the lower female die, and when the punch is at the bottom dead center, the bottom surface of the punch is in smooth connection with the bottom surface of the upper male die; the upper male die and the punch are externally connected with a driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism is used for driving the upper male die and the punch to move for compression molding and riveting operation;
the lower die is characterized in that 20-30 lower heating channels and lower cooling channels are arranged at a position 60-100 mm away from the upper surface of the lower die, the lower heating channels and the lower cooling channels are parallel to each other, the lower heating channels and the lower cooling channels are circular channels, the diameter is 18-22 mm, the center distance between two adjacent channels of the lower heating channels is 60-100 mm, the center distance between two adjacent channels of the lower cooling channels is 60-100 mm, and the center distance between the lower heating channels and the lower cooling channels in the vertical direction is 50-100 mm.
Preferably, the upper temperature sensor and the lower temperature sensor are patch type temperature sensors of JCJ100 TTP.
Preferably, the upper pressure sensor and the lower pressure sensor are EPL series patch type dynamic pressure sensors.
The method for realizing the sticking and riveting of the carbon fiber composite material and the metal material by the device comprises the following steps:
step one: filling the carbon fiber prepreg into a mold;
the method comprises the following steps: operating a driving mechanism of a device for forming the carbon fiber composite material and integrating the carbon fiber composite material with the metal plate in a sticking and riveting way, lifting an upper male die and a punch to the highest position, and placing the formed metal plate in a lower female die; coating a layer of phenolic epoxy modified resin with the thickness of 1mm on a metal plate, and then paving a plurality of layers of carbon fiber prepregs;
step two: performing gel treatment on the multi-layer carbon fiber prepreg;
the method comprises the following steps: the control box is operated to heat the upper heating pore canal and the lower heating pore canal simultaneously until the gel temperature of the phenolic epoxy modified resin is 90-100 ℃, the driving mechanism is operated to drive the upper male die to enter the lower female die, when the upper male die enters the lower female die for 22-26 mm, the driving mechanism is braked, at the moment, the mold is closed by one half, and the phenolic epoxy modified resin enters a gel state;
step three, closing the mold and pressurizing the gelled multi-layer carbon fiber prepreg and the metal plate;
after the phenolic epoxy modified resin gel in the second step is finished, starting a driving mechanism to enable an upper male die to pressurize the gelled multi-layer carbon fiber prepreg and the metal plate, and enabling the driving mechanism to brake immediately when both the upper pressure sensor and the lower pressure sensor reach 40 MPa;
step four: riveting a plurality of layers of carbon fiber prepregs and metal plates;
the method comprises the following steps: operating a driving mechanism to lift a punch, sucking the perforated semi-hollow rivet at the lower end, feeding the perforated semi-hollow rivet into a through hole of an upper punch by adopting a nail feeding mechanism, wherein the diameter of the head of the perforated semi-hollow rivet is 10mm, the outer diameter of a leg is 8mm, driving the punch to move downwards along the through hole of the punch, the circular diameter of the bottom surface of a cylindrical main body of the punch is 10mm and is the same as the diameter of the head of the rivet, along with the continued downward movement of the punch, the perforated semi-hollow rivet acts on the uncured composite carbon fiber prepreg and the metal plate, the leg of the rivet is gradually turned outwards to form a rivet buckle under the combined action of a lower die, a die cavity and the punch, and meanwhile, the incompletely cured composite carbon fiber prepreg is deformed into the perforated semi-hollow rivet, and the space between the metal plate and the perforated semi-hollow rivet;
step five: heating and curing the riveted multi-layer carbon fiber prepreg and the metal plate;
the method comprises the following steps: operating the control box again to heat the upper heating pore canal and the lower heating pore canal simultaneously, slowing down the heating rate through the upper cooling water canal and the lower cooling water canal, controlling the heating rate to be 30 ℃/h, immediately stopping heating until the readings displayed by the upper temperature sensor and the lower temperature sensor are 120 ℃, and simultaneously regulating the control box to close the upper cooling water canal and the lower cooling water canal;
the phenolic epoxy modified resin undergoes free radical addition polymerization reaction at 120 ℃, a large amount of heat is released along with the reaction to raise the temperature of the die, an upper temperature sensor and a lower temperature sensor are used for monitoring the temperature change, when the temperature exceeds 130 ℃, the upper cooling water channel and the lower cooling water channel are immediately opened, the temperature is lowered to 120 ℃, the composite carbon fiber prepreg is ensured to be constantly at 120 ℃ for two hours until the phenolic epoxy modified resin is completely solidified, and the multi-carbon fiber prepreg forms a carbon fiber composite plate;
step six: cooling and demoulding;
the method comprises the following steps: after the phenolic epoxy modified resin is completely solidified, operating a control box to cool, opening an upper cooling water channel and a lower cooling water channel to enable the temperature of a die to be below 60 ℃, then starting a driving mechanism to enable an upper male die to be separated from a lower female die at the speed of 500mm/min, and taking out the finished carbon fiber composite plate and metal plate adhesive riveting test piece;
step seven: and removing burrs and burrs left at the edge part when the carbon fiber composite plate and the metal plate are adhered and riveted to the test piece for forming.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that;
1. the method can simultaneously complete the compression molding of the carbon fiber composite material, the bonding with the metal plate and the riveting process with the metal plate, thereby reducing the investment cost of equipment, saving the production occupied area, reducing the production procedures, saving the time and improving the production efficiency;
2. the method comprises the steps of controlling forming pressure and die closing speed through an upper heating duct, a lower heating duct, an upper cooling water channel, an upper temperature sensor, a lower temperature sensor and an upper pressure sensor of a lower cooling water channel and a lower pressure sensor, and improving the mechanical property of a carbon fiber composite material test piece; the curing reaction temperature and the heating rate of the device are controlled, so that the thermal stress generated by the test piece due to the heat released by the curing reaction is eliminated, the reaction is ensured to be kept in a constant temperature state for a certain time, and the mechanical property of the test piece is further improved;
3. in the method, the carbon fiber prepreg cloth is directly paved on a formed metal plate, so that the compression molding of the carbon fiber composite material is realized and the bonding can be finished at the same time; the bonding performance is effectively improved, and the bonding strength is improved; meanwhile, the resin curing and the cementing agent curing are carried out simultaneously in the molding process, so that the time is greatly saved, and the production efficiency is improved;
4. in the method, before the carbon fiber composite material is completely solidified, the composite material and the bonding piece of the metal plate are riveted, and the riveting is directly carried out on the same device without transferring; before complete solidification, the resin is still in a viscoelastic state, is easy to rivet, effectively avoids brittle failure of the composite material and the cementing agent, and directly improves the stability and strength of connection;
5. in the method, the bonding piece of the composite material and the metal plate is riveted before the carbon fiber composite material is completely cured, and the resin is riveted in a state with certain fluidity, so that the air of the joint can be evacuated, and the corrosion problem of the joint caused by the existence of the air is effectively avoided; meanwhile, as the incompletely cured composite material deforms into the rivet in the riveting process and between the metal plate and the open-pore semi-hollow rivet, the corrosion of dissimilar metals is avoided, the corrosion resistance and the stability of joint connection are improved, and the connection strength is further improved;
6. the method adopts the open-pore semi-hollow rivet, the air in the hollow part of the semi-hollow rivet can be discharged in the riveting process, and uncured resin flows into the open pores of the rivet to be sealed, so that the rivet is completely bonded with the carbon fiber composite material and the metal plate, the joint strength is improved, and corrosion is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for sticking and riveting a carbon fiber composite material and a metal material according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a metal plate of the apparatus for forming a carbon fiber composite material and riveting a metal plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the apparatus for forming carbon fiber composite material and riveting metal plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the device for forming the carbon fiber composite material and integrating the metal plate by sticking and riveting when the upper punch moves to the lower dead point;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the device for forming carbon fiber composite material and riveting metal plate in the riveting stage according to the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the device for forming carbon fiber composite material and riveting metal plate in the riveting stage when the punch moves to the bottom dead center;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an open-cell semi-blind rivet of an apparatus for forming a carbon fiber composite and riveting a sheet metal member in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is another schematic view of an open-celled semi-blind rivet of an apparatus for forming a carbon fiber composite and riveting a sheet metal member in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of a molded part formed by the device integrated with a metal plate by adhesive riveting;
wherein, 1, a metal plate, 2, carbon fiber prepreg, 3, an upper male die, 4, a punch, 5, a guide sleeve, 6, an upper heating pore canal, 7, an upper cooling water channel, 8, an upper temperature sensor, 9, an upper pressure sensor, 10, a lower die, 11, a riveting die cavity, 12, a guide pillar, 13, a lower heating duct, 14, a sewer, 15, a lower temperature sensor, 16, a lower pressure sensor, 17 and a semi-hollow rivet with holes.
Detailed Description
The invention is further elucidated below in connection with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment one:
referring to fig. 1-8, the device for forming the carbon fiber composite material and integrating the adhesion and riveting of the metal plate comprises an upper mechanism, a lower mechanism, a driving mechanism, an upper temperature sensor 8, a lower temperature sensor 15, an upper heating duct 6, a lower heating duct 13, an upper cooling duct 7, a lower cooling duct 14, an upper pressure sensor 9, a lower pressure sensor 16 and a control box;
the driving mechanism, the upper temperature sensor 8, the lower temperature sensor 15, the upper heating pore canal 6, the lower heating pore canal 13, the upper cooling water canal 7, the lower cooling water canal 14, the upper pressure sensor 9 and the lower pressure sensor 16 are all controlled by a control box;
the upper mechanism comprises an upper male die 3, a punch, 4 guide sleeves 5 with the same structure, an upper heating duct 6, an upper cooling water channel 7, an upper temperature sensor 8 and an upper pressure sensor 9; a through hole is formed in the center of the upper male die 3, the punch moves up and down along the through hole, and the upper male die is fixedly connected with the four guide sleeves respectively; the upper temperature sensor 8 and the upper pressure sensor 9 are respectively glued on the lower surface of the upper male die 3, and the upper temperature sensor 8 and the upper pressure sensor 9 are respectively connected with the control box through wires; the driving mechanism is used for driving the upper mechanism, the upper punch 3 and the punch to move up and down respectively;
20-30 upper heating pore canal 6 and upper cooling water canal 7 are arranged at the position 60-100 mm away from the lower surface of the upper male die 3, the upper heating pore canal 6 and the upper cooling water canal 7 are parallel to each other, the upper heating pore canal 6 and the upper cooling water canal 7 are circular pore canal with the diameter of 18-22 mm, the center distance between two adjacent pore canals of the upper heating pore canal 6 is 60-100 mm, the center distance between two adjacent pore canals of the upper cooling water canal 7 is 60-100 mm, and the center distance between the upper heating pore canal 6 and the upper cooling water canal 7 in the vertical direction is 50-100 mm;
the lower mechanism comprises a lower female die 10, a riveting female die cavity 11, four guide posts 12 with the same structure, a lower heating duct 13, a lower cooling water channel 14, a lower temperature sensor 15 and a lower pressure sensor 16; each guide sleeve corresponds to one guide post, and the guide sleeves move up and down along the corresponding guide posts; the lower die 10 is a rectangular structural member and is provided with an annular cavity at the center, wherein the annular cavity is a die cavity 11, the center of the annular cavity is provided with a conical boss, and the rotation axis of the die cavity 11 is collinear with the rotation axis of the conical boss; the lower temperature sensor 15 and the lower pressure sensor 16 are respectively glued on the upper surface of the lower female die 10, and the lower temperature sensor 15 and the lower pressure sensor 16 are respectively connected with the control box through external leads;
the bottom surface of the upper male die 3 is in contact connection with the top surface of the lower female die 10, and when the punch 4 is at the bottom dead center, the bottom surface of the punch 4 is in smooth connection with the bottom surface of the upper male die 3; the upper male die 3 and the punch 4 are externally connected with a driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism is used for driving the upper male die 3 and the punch 4 to move for compression molding and riveting operation;
20-30 lower heating pore canal 13 and lower cooling water canal 14 are arranged at the position 60-100 mm away from the upper surface of the lower die 10, the lower heating pore canal 13 and the lower cooling water canal 14 are parallel to each other, the lower heating pore canal 13 and the lower cooling water canal 14 are circular pore canals with diameters of 18-22 mm, the center distance between two adjacent pore canals of the lower heating pore canal 13 is 60-100 mm, the center distance between two adjacent pore canals of the lower cooling water canal 14 is 60-100 mm, and the center distance between the lower heating pore canal 13 and the lower cooling water canal 14 in the vertical direction is 50-100 mm.
Preferably, the upper temperature sensor 8 and the lower temperature sensor 15 are both patch type temperature sensors of JCJ100 TTP.
Preferably, both the upper pressure sensor 9 and the lower pressure sensor 16 are EPL series patch-type dynamic pressure sensors.
The method for realizing the sticking and riveting of the carbon fiber composite material and the metal material by the device comprises the following steps:
step one: filling the carbon fiber prepreg 2 into a mold;
the method comprises the following steps: operating a driving mechanism of a device for forming the carbon fiber composite material and integrating the carbon fiber composite material with the metal sheet in a sticking and riveting way, lifting an upper male die and a punch to the highest position, and placing the formed metal sheet 1 in a lower female die 10; coating a layer of phenolic epoxy modified resin with the thickness of 1mm on a metal plate, and then paving a plurality of layers of carbon fiber prepregs 2;
step two: performing gel treatment on the multi-layer carbon fiber prepreg 2;
the method comprises the following steps: the control box is operated to heat the upper heating pore canal 6 and the lower heating pore canal 13 simultaneously to the gel temperature of 90-100 ℃, the driving mechanism is operated to drive the upper male die 3 to enter the lower female die 10, when the upper male die 3 enters the lower female die 10 for 22-26 mm, the driving mechanism is braked, at the moment, the mold is closed by one half, and the phenolic epoxy modified resin enters the gel state;
step three, the gelled multi-layer carbon fiber prepreg 2 and the metal plate are subjected to die assembly and pressurization;
after the phenolic epoxy modified resin gel in the second step is finished, starting a driving mechanism to enable the upper male die 3 to pressurize the gelled carbon fiber prepreg and the metal plate, and enabling the driving mechanism to brake immediately when the upper pressure sensor 9 and the lower pressure sensor 16 reach 40 MPa;
step four: riveting a plurality of layers of carbon fiber prepregs 2 and a metal plate 1;
the method comprises the following steps: the driving mechanism is operated to lift the punch 4, the perforated semi-hollow rivet 17 is sucked at the lower end, the perforated semi-hollow rivet 17 is conveyed into a through hole of an upper punch by adopting the rivet conveying mechanism, the diameter of the head of the perforated semi-hollow rivet 17 is 10mm, the outer diameter of the leg is 8mm, the punch 4 is driven to move downwards along the through hole of the punch, the round diameter of the bottom surface of the cylindrical main body of the punch 4 is 10mm, the diameter of the bottom surface of the cylindrical main body of the punch 4 is the same as that of the head of the perforated semi-hollow rivet 17, as the punch 4 moves downwards, the perforated semi-hollow rivet 17 acts on the uncured multi-layer carbon fiber prepreg 2 and the metal sheet 1, the leg of the perforated semi-hollow rivet 17 is gradually turned outwards to form a rivet buckle under the combined action of the lower die 10, the die cavity 11 and the punch 4, and the incompletely cured multi-layer carbon fiber prepreg 2 is deformed into the perforated semi-hollow rivet 17, and the metal sheet 1 and the perforated semi-hollow rivet 17 are positioned;
step five: heating and curing the riveted multi-layer carbon fiber prepreg 2 and the metal plate;
the method comprises the following steps: the control box is operated again to heat the upper heating pore canal 6 and the lower heating pore canal 13 simultaneously, the upper cooling water canal 7 and the lower cooling water canal 14 are opened simultaneously to slow down the heating rate, the heating rate is controlled to be 30 ℃/h, the heating is stopped immediately until the readings displayed by the upper temperature sensor and the lower temperature sensor are 120 ℃, and the control box closes the upper cooling water canal 7 and the lower cooling water canal 14 simultaneously;
the phenolic epoxy modified resin undergoes free radical addition polymerization reaction at 120 ℃, a large amount of heat is released along with the reaction to raise the temperature of the die, an upper temperature sensor 8 and a lower temperature sensor 15 are used for monitoring the temperature change, when the temperature exceeds 130 ℃, the upper cooling water channel 7 and the lower cooling water channel 14 are immediately opened, the temperature is reduced to 120 ℃, the composite carbon fiber prepreg 2 is ensured to be constant at 120 ℃ for two hours until the phenolic epoxy modified resin is completely solidified, and the multi-layer carbon fiber prepreg 2 forms a carbon fiber composite plate;
step six: cooling and demoulding;
the method comprises the following steps: after the phenolic epoxy modified resin is completely solidified, the control box is operated to cool, the upper cooling water channel 7 and the lower cooling water channel 14 are opened to enable the temperature of the die to be below 60 ℃, then a driving mechanism is started to enable the upper male die 3 and the lower female die 10 to be separated at the speed of 500mm/min, and the finished carbon fiber composite material plate and metal plate adhesive riveting test piece is taken out;
step seven: and removing burrs and burrs left at the edge part when the carbon fiber composite plate and the metal plate are adhered and riveted to the test piece for forming.
Embodiment two;
the device for forming the carbon fiber composite material and integrating the carbon fiber composite material with the metal plate through sticking and riveting is used for preparing a 400mm multiplied by 2mm carbon fiber composite material plate and an aluminum alloy plate sticking and riveting piece with the thickness of 2mm, 3k carbon fiber is selected as a carbon fiber composite material main body, and phenolic epoxy modified resin is selected as a resin matrix;
the specific method comprises the following steps:
step one: filling the carbon fiber prepreg 2 into a mold;
operating the driving mechanism to lift the upper mechanism to the highest position, and placing the formed aluminum alloy plate 1 into the lower die 10; coating a layer of resin adhesive with the thickness of 1mm on an aluminum alloy plate, then paving a carbon fiber prepreg 2, wherein the carbon fiber prepreg 2 is carbon fiber prepreg with the length of 400mm, the width of 400mm and the thickness of 0.24-0.26 mm, and eight layers of carbon fiber prepregs 2 are paved on the formed aluminum alloy plate in a lower die once because the thickness of a test piece is 2 mm;
step two: performing gelation on the carbon fiber prepreg 2;
the control box is operated to heat the upper heating pore canal 6 and the lower heating pore canal 13 simultaneously, the gel temperature is 90-100 ℃, the driving mechanism is operated to enable the upper male die 3 to move downwards at 1000mm/min, when the bottom surface of the upper male die 3 is close to the upper surface of the lower female die 10, the adjusting speed is 500mm/min, when the upper male die 3 enters the lower female die 10 for 22-26 mm, the driving mechanism is braked, one half of the mold is closed, and the phenolic epoxy modified resin enters a gel state;
step three, closing the mold and pressurizing the gelled carbon fiber prepreg 2 and the aluminum alloy plate;
after the phenolic epoxy modified resin gel is finished, starting a driving mechanism to enable the upper male die 3 to move downwards at the speed of 200mm/min, starting to pressurize when the lower surface of the upper male die 3 is contacted with the upper surface of the carbon fiber prepreg 2, and enabling the driving mechanism to brake when the upper patch type pressure sensor 9 and the lower patch type pressure sensor 16 reach 40 MPa;
step four: riveting the carbon fiber prepreg 2 and the aluminum alloy plate;
operating a driving mechanism to lift a punch 4, sucking the open-pore semi-hollow rivet 17 at the lower end, adopting a rivet conveying mechanism to convey the open-pore semi-hollow rivet 17 into a through hole of an upper punch, wherein the diameter of the head of the open-pore semi-hollow rivet 17 is 10mm, the outer diameter of a leg is 8mm, driving the punch 4 to move downwards along the through hole in the upper mechanism, the diameter of the bottom circle of a cylindrical main body of the punch 4 is 10mm and is the same as the diameter of the head of the open-pore semi-hollow rivet 17, and as the punch 4 continues to move downwards, the open-pore semi-hollow rivet 17 acts on the uncured carbon fiber prepreg 2 and the aluminum alloy plate, the leg of the open-pore semi-hollow rivet 17 gradually turns outwards under the combined action of a lower mechanism die 10, a die cavity 11 and the punch 4 to form a rivet buckle, and simultaneously the incompletely cured carbon fiber prepreg 2 deforms into the open-pore semi-hollow rivet 17 and between the open-pore semi-hollow rivet 17 and the aluminum alloy plate;
step five: heating and solidifying the riveted carbon fiber prepreg 2 and the aluminum alloy plate;
the method comprises the following steps: the control box is operated again to heat the upper heating pore canal 6 and the lower heating pore canal 13 simultaneously, and the cooling water canal 6 and the cooling water canal 14 are opened simultaneously to slow down the heating rate, the heating rate is controlled to be 30 ℃/h, the heating is stopped immediately until the readings displayed by the upper temperature sensor 8 and the lower temperature sensor 15 are 120 ℃, and the control box closes the upper cooling water canal 7 and the lower cooling water canal 14 simultaneously;
the phenolic epoxy modified resin undergoes free radical addition polymerization reaction at 120 ℃, a large amount of heat is released along with the reaction to raise the temperature of the die, a control box controls the temperature 15 through a temperature sensor 8 and a lower temperature sensor, when the temperature exceeds 130 ℃, the upper cooling water channel 7 and the lower cooling water channel 14 are immediately opened, the temperature is reduced to 120 ℃, the carbon fiber prepreg 2 is ensured to be constant at 120 ℃ for two hours until the phenolic epoxy modified resin is completely solidified, and the carbon fiber prepreg 2 forms a carbon fiber composite plate;
step six: cooling and demoulding;
after the phenolic epoxy modified resin is completely solidified, the control box is operated to cool, the upper cooling water channel 7 and the lower cooling water channel 14 are opened to enable the temperature of the die to be below 60 ℃, then a driving mechanism is started to enable the upper male die 3 and the lower female die 10 to be separated at the speed of 500mm/min, and the finished carbon fiber composite plate and the aluminum alloy plate adhesive riveting test piece are taken out;
step seven: and removing burrs and burrs left at the edge part when the carbon fiber composite plate and the aluminum alloy plate adhesive riveting test piece are molded.
Claims (3)
1. The method for forming the carbon fiber composite material and sticking and riveting the carbon fiber composite material and the metal plate is characterized in that,
the device comprises an upper mechanism, a lower mechanism, a driving mechanism, an upper temperature sensor (8), a lower temperature sensor (15), an upper heating duct (6), a lower heating duct (13), an upper cooling water channel (7), a lower cooling water channel (14), an upper pressure sensor (9), a lower pressure sensor (16) and a control box; the driving mechanism, the upper temperature sensor (8), the lower temperature sensor (15), the upper heating pore canal (6), the lower heating pore canal (13), the upper cooling water channel (7), the lower cooling water channel (14), the upper pressure sensor (9) and the lower pressure sensor (16) are controlled by the control box;
the upper mechanism comprises an upper male die (3), a punch, four guide sleeves (5) with the same structure, an upper heating pore canal (6), an upper cooling water channel (7), an upper temperature sensor (8) and an upper pressure sensor (9); a through hole is formed in the center of the upper male die (3), the punch moves up and down along the through hole, and the upper male die is fixedly connected with the four guide sleeves respectively; the upper temperature sensor (8) and the upper pressure sensor (9) are respectively glued on the lower surface of the upper male die (3), and the upper temperature sensor (8) and the upper pressure sensor (9) are respectively connected with the control box through external leads; the driving mechanism is used for driving the upper mechanism, the upper male die (3) and the punch to move up and down respectively;
20-30 upper heating pore canals (6) and upper cooling water channels (7) are arranged at the position 60-100 mm away from the lower surface of the upper male die (3), the upper heating pore canals (6) and the upper cooling water channels (7) are parallel to each other, the upper heating pore canals (6) and the upper cooling water channels (7) are circular pore canals, the diameter is 18-22 mm, the center distance between two adjacent pore canals of the upper heating pore canals (6) is 60-100 mm, the center distance between two adjacent pore canals of the upper cooling water channels (7) is 60-100 mm, and the center distance between the upper heating pore canals (6) and the upper cooling water channels (7) in the vertical direction is 50-100 mm;
the lower mechanism comprises a lower female die (10), a riveting female die cavity (11), four guide posts (12) with the same structure, a lower heating duct (13), a lower cooling water channel (14), a lower temperature sensor (15) and a lower pressure sensor (16); each guide sleeve corresponds to one guide post, and the guide sleeves move up and down along the corresponding guide posts; the lower die (10) is a rectangular structural member and is provided with an annular cavity at the center, the annular cavity is a die cavity (11), the center of the annular cavity is provided with a conical boss, and the rotation axis of the die cavity (11) is collinear with the rotation axis of the conical boss; the lower temperature sensor (15) and the lower pressure sensor (16) are respectively glued on the upper surface of the lower female die (10), and the lower temperature sensor (15) and the lower pressure sensor (16) are respectively connected with the control box through external leads;
the bottom surface of the upper male die (3) is in contact connection with the top surface of the lower female die (10), and when the punch (4) is at the bottom dead center, the bottom surface of the punch (4) is in smooth connection with the bottom surface of the upper male die (3); the upper male die (3) and the punch (4) are externally connected with a driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism is used for driving the upper male die (3) and the punch (4) to move for compression molding and riveting operation;
20-30 lower heating pore canals (13) and lower cooling water channels (14) are arranged at the position 60-100 mm away from the upper surface of the lower die (10), the lower heating pore canals (13) and the lower cooling water channels (14) are parallel to each other, the lower heating pore canals (13) and the lower cooling water channels (14) are round pore canals, the diameter is 18-22 mm, the center distance between two adjacent pore canals of the lower heating pore canals (13) is 60-100 mm, the center distance between two adjacent pore canals of the lower cooling water channels (14) is 60-100 mm, and the center distance between the lower heating pore canals (13) and the lower cooling water channels (14) in the vertical direction is 50-100 mm;
the method comprises the following steps:
step one: filling the carbon fiber prepreg (2) into a mold;
the method comprises the following steps: operating a driving mechanism of a device for forming a carbon fiber composite material and integrating the carbon fiber composite material with a metal plate in a sticking and riveting way, lifting an upper male die and a punch to the highest position, and placing the formed metal plate (1) in a lower female die (10); coating a layer of phenolic epoxy modified resin with the thickness of 1mm on a metal plate, and then paving a plurality of layers of carbon fiber prepregs (2);
step two: performing gel treatment on the multi-layer carbon fiber prepreg (2);
the method comprises the following steps: the control box is operated to heat the upper heating pore canal (6) and the lower heating pore canal (13) simultaneously until the gel temperature is 90-100 ℃, the driving mechanism is operated to drive the upper male die (3) to enter the lower female die (10), when the upper male die (3) enters the lower female die (10) for 22-26 mm, the driving mechanism is braked, at the moment, the die is closed by one half, and the phenolic epoxy modified resin enters a gel state;
step three, clamping and pressurizing the gelled multi-layer carbon fiber prepreg (2) and the metal plate;
after the phenolic epoxy modified resin gel in the second step is finished, starting a driving mechanism to enable the upper male die (3) to pressurize the gelled carbon fiber prepreg and the metal plate, and enabling the driving mechanism to brake immediately when the upper pressure sensor (9) and the lower pressure sensor (16) reach 40 MPa;
step four: riveting a plurality of layers of carbon fiber prepregs (2) and a metal plate;
the method comprises the following steps: operating a driving mechanism to lift a punch (4), sucking the perforated semi-hollow rivet (17) at the lower end, feeding the perforated semi-hollow rivet (17) into a through hole of an upper punch by adopting a nail feeding mechanism, wherein the head diameter of the perforated semi-hollow rivet (17) is 10mm, the outer diameter of a leg is 8mm, driving the punch (4) to move downwards along the through hole of the punch, the round diameter of the bottom surface of a cylindrical main body of the punch (4) is 10mm, the same as the head diameter of the perforated semi-hollow rivet (17), the perforated semi-hollow rivet (17) acts on an uncured composite carbon fiber prepreg (2) and a metal plate (1) along with the continued downwards movement of the punch (4), and gradually outwards turning the leg of the perforated semi-hollow rivet (17) to form a buckle under the combined action of a lower die (10), a die cavity (11) and the punch (4), and simultaneously deforming the incompletely cured composite carbon fiber prepreg (2) into the perforated semi-hollow rivet (17), and the metal plate (1) and the perforated semi-hollow rivet (17);
step five: heating and curing the riveted multi-layer carbon fiber prepreg (2) and the metal plate;
the method comprises the following steps: the control box is operated again to heat the upper heating pore canal (6) and the lower heating pore canal (13) simultaneously, the upper cooling water canal (7) and the lower cooling water canal (14) are opened simultaneously to slow down the heating rate, the heating rate is controlled to be 30 ℃/h, the heating is stopped immediately until the readings displayed by the upper temperature sensor and the lower temperature sensor are 120 ℃, and the control box closes the upper cooling water canal (7) and the lower cooling water canal (14);
the phenolic epoxy modified resin undergoes free radical addition polymerization reaction at 120 ℃, a large amount of heat is released along with the reaction to raise the temperature of the die, an upper temperature sensor (8) and a lower temperature sensor (15) monitor the temperature change, when the temperature exceeds 130 ℃, the upper cooling water channel (7) and the lower cooling water channel (14) are immediately opened, the temperature is reduced to 120 ℃, the composite carbon fiber prepreg (2) is ensured to be constantly at 120 ℃ for two hours until the phenolic epoxy modified resin is completely solidified, and the multi-layer carbon fiber prepreg (2) forms a carbon fiber composite plate;
step six: cooling and demoulding;
the method comprises the following steps: after the phenolic epoxy modified resin is completely solidified, the control box is operated to cool, the upper cooling water channel (7) and the lower cooling water channel (14) are opened to enable the temperature of the die to be lower than 60 ℃, then a driving mechanism is started to enable the upper male die (3) to be separated from the lower female die (10) at the speed of 500mm/min, and the finished carbon fiber composite material plate and metal plate adhesive riveting test piece is taken out;
step seven: and removing burrs and burrs left at the edge part when the carbon fiber composite plate and the metal plate are adhered and riveted to the test piece for forming.
2. The method for forming and riveting a carbon fiber composite material and a metal plate according to claim 1, wherein the upper temperature sensor (8) and the lower temperature sensor (15) are both patch type temperature sensors of JCJ100 TTP.
3. The method for forming and riveting a carbon fiber composite material and a metal plate according to claim 1, wherein the upper pressure sensor (9) and the lower pressure sensor (16) are EPL series patch type dynamic pressure sensors.
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| CN114043746A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-15 | 北京计算机技术及应用研究所 | Metal-containing embedded part carbon fiber shell forming method based on vacuum introduction process |
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