EP0501022A2 - Polishing or cutting-tool and process for its manufacturing - Google Patents

Polishing or cutting-tool and process for its manufacturing Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0501022A2
EP0501022A2 EP91120605A EP91120605A EP0501022A2 EP 0501022 A2 EP0501022 A2 EP 0501022A2 EP 91120605 A EP91120605 A EP 91120605A EP 91120605 A EP91120605 A EP 91120605A EP 0501022 A2 EP0501022 A2 EP 0501022A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
intermediate layer
fibers
base body
grinding wheel
wheel according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91120605A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0501022B1 (en
EP0501022A3 (en
Inventor
Felix Dipl.-Ing. Ferlemann
Josef Dipl.-Ing. Sauren
Theodor Dr.Dr.Rer.Mat. Von Benningsen-Mackiewicz
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Saint Gobain Diamantwerkzeuge GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Ernst Winter and Sohn Diamantwekzeuge GmbH and Co
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Publication of EP0501022A2 publication Critical patent/EP0501022A2/en
Publication of EP0501022A3 publication Critical patent/EP0501022A3/en
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Publication of EP0501022B1 publication Critical patent/EP0501022B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/20—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially organic
    • B24D3/28—Resins or natural or synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D5/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D5/12—Cut-off wheels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a grinding or cutting tool with a fiber-reinforced base body with a plastic matrix and a covering made of hard material such as diamond or boron nitride grains, which are held in a bond.
  • Grinding tools and cutting tools such as saws generally consist of a covering that carries the active hard material and a base body on which the covering is applied.
  • the abrasive coating contains a binding agent for the hard materials, which can be a metal, a synthetic resin or ceramic.
  • the abrasive coating also contains various types of fillers, which also determine the application behavior of the diamond tool.
  • the basic bodies which do not contain hard materials, but serve only as a carrier of the hard material covering, either consist of metal such.
  • phenol, epoxy or polyamide resin it is also known to provide the synthetic resins with additives, such as metal powder, graphite powder or fibrous components such as carbon or glass fibers.
  • Both the abrasive coverings and the base body must meet high requirements with regard to strength, temperature, hydrolysis and chemical resistance. In addition, demands are placed on thermal conductivity and vibration damping behavior. These requirements can be met in part by using temperature-resistant thermosetting synthetic resins with additives made from metal powders or graphite.
  • the object of the invention is to establish the connection between to improve the abrasive coating and the fiber-reinforced base body of a high-speed tool compared to previously known solutions, in order to thereby prevent the risk of the abrasive coating breaking off from the base body.
  • the invention provides that between the covering and the base body an intermediate layer of metal, applied galvanically or electrolessly, is arranged, in which protrudes outward beyond the plastic and is anchored in the plastic electrically conductive fibers are embedded, because the mechanical properties, the arrangement, density and thickness of the connecting fibers can significantly improve the adhesive strength.
  • an abrasive coating can be glued to the galvanically or electrolessly applied intermediate layer, with better adhesion being achieved than if gluing takes place on the base body made of plastic.
  • the metallic intermediate layer has a particularly advantageous effect if an abrasive coating is applied galvanically, in which the hard grains of diamond or boron nitride are bound with the aid of the electric current in a metal matrix, preferably made of nickel or copper.
  • Electroless metal deposition of nickel or copper can be carried out in an aqueous solution which consists of nickel or copper salts and contains a reducing agent such as e.g. B. hypophosphite, which is ultimately a chemical, electroless plating.
  • a reducing agent such as e.g. B. hypophosphite
  • the electrically conductive fibers to be used for the connection can consist of metal such as steel or aluminum or copper.
  • electrically conductive carbon fibers which can be exposed by resetting the plastic matrix of the base body, are particularly suitable. This can be done by etching, preferably using an acid such as sulfuric acid, it being advisable to set back the plastic matrix of the base body with respect to the tips of the fibers in an order of magnitude of 20 to 300 ⁇ m.
  • the space released in this way is galvanically metallized when the intermediate layer is formed, the temporarily exposed fiber sections being effective in the manner of an anchoring.
  • the fibers can be arranged in different orientations, preferably using them of fiber fabrics or fiber mats that are embedded next to each other in the plastic.
  • pre-impregnated fabrics can be arranged in layers, which are heated together with the plastic of the base body, after which they are impregnated with the plastic and pressed together with it.
  • a larger disk can be produced, from which a plurality of small base bodies can then be obtained.
  • the peripheral grinding wheel shown in the drawing 1 consists of a carbon fiber reinforced base body 3 made of plastic, which carries diamond grains 5.
  • the diamond grains 5 are held in a metallic bond, which consists, for example, of nickel or copper and is supported by an intermediate layer 9, which is galvanically applied to the base body 3.
  • the base body 3 which consists of an epoxy polyamide or a phenolic resin, there are fabric mats 11, 13 and 15 embedded from electrically conductive carbon fibers.
  • the fibers of the different fabric mats are oriented differently from one another, that is to say the fibers of the mat 11 are, for example, differently oriented from the fibers of the mat 13 and the fibers of the mat 15.
  • an intermediate layer 9 which is galvanically deposited on the base body 3 and into which fiber sections projecting freely from the base body 3 extend.
  • the plastic matrix of the base body 3 is set back by an amount of, for example, up to 300 ⁇ m relative to the fiber end sections by etching, for example using a sulfuric acid.
  • the galvanically deposited intermediate layer 9 extends into this free space between the exposed fiber end sections and the recessed plastic matrix of the base body 3, which is due to the enlarged Adhesive surface is intimately connected to the base body and is suitable for receiving the coating of grains 5 and bond 7.
  • the coating can be applied galvanically to the intermediate carrier 9. Basically, however, there is also the possibility after the application of the intermediate layer 9 to process its outside in order to subsequently glue or press on a covering made of another material. In all cases there is the advantage that the adhesion between the covering and the base body 3 made of plastic is greater through the intermediate layer than when the covering is connected directly to the base body made of fiber-reinforced plastic.
  • FIG. 3 shows a microscopic illustration in a magnification of several hundred times, shows that the individual fibers in the different fabric mats 11, 13 and 15 are each of the same type but are oriented differently to one another and that the fabric mats are saturated with plastic 17.
  • the plastic matrix is reset in relation to the outer fiber sections 19 by etching to the extent that a plastic outer side 21 is formed, over which the individual fibers 19 of the various fiber mats are exposed.
  • the resultant initially free space is filled by a galvanic deposit of the intermediate layer 9 Nickel can also consist of cobalt or another metal, for example. This presupposes an electrical conductivity of the individual fibers of the fabric mats, which preferably consist of carbon, that is to say are designed as carbon fibers, and therefore also withstand high mechanical loads.
  • FIG. 4 shows a microscopic representation of that section of the intermediate layer into which the individual fibers 19 of the base body 3 extend. After a small part of an intermediate layer has been detached from the base body, it can be seen microscopically that tubular structures or channels 23 have formed in the intermediate layer 9, which are formed by fibers 19 of the base body 3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Abstract

The grinding or cutting tool has a fibre-reinforced core (3) with a resin matrix as well as a rim (5, 7) made from diamond or boron nitride grit, which are held in a bond (7). In order to reinforce the bonding between the core (3) and the grinding rim (5, 7) and to be able to use the tool as a high speed tool, a metallic intermediate layer (9) is deposited on the core via electrolytic or electroless deposition, in which layer are embedded electrically conducting fibres (19) which are anchored in the resin and project towards the outside beyond the resin. These fibre portions (19) can be exposed, before deposition of the intermediate layer (9), by moving back the resin matrix of the core (3). Such a moving back operation can be carried out by etching. The intermediate layer (9) then covers the exposed fibres (19). The grinding rim (5, 7) is subsequently deposited on the intermediate layer (9). …<IMAGE>…

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Schleif - oder Trennwerkzeug mit einem faserverstärkten Grundkörper mit einer Kunststoffmatrix und einem Belag aus Hartstoff wie Diamant- oder Bornitridkörnern, die in einer Bindung gehalten sind.The invention relates to a grinding or cutting tool with a fiber-reinforced base body with a plastic matrix and a covering made of hard material such as diamond or boron nitride grains, which are held in a bond.

Schleifwerkzeuge und Trennwerkzeuge wie Sägen bestehen im allgemeinen aus einem Belag, der den aktiven Hartstoff trägt, und einem Grundkörper auf dem der Belag aufgebracht ist. Neben diesen Hartstoffen enthält der Schleifbelag ein Bindemittel für die Hartstoffe, bei dem es sich um ein Metall, ein Kunstharz oder Keramik handeln kann. Unter Umständen enthält der Schleifbelag darüber hinaus verschiedenartige Füllstoffe, die das Einsatzverhalten des Diamantwerkzeuges mitbestimmen.Grinding tools and cutting tools such as saws generally consist of a covering that carries the active hard material and a base body on which the covering is applied. In addition to these hard materials, the abrasive coating contains a binding agent for the hard materials, which can be a metal, a synthetic resin or ceramic. Under certain circumstances, the abrasive coating also contains various types of fillers, which also determine the application behavior of the diamond tool.

Die Grundkörper, die keine Hartstoffe enthalten, sondern lediglich als Träger des Hartstoffbelages dienen, bestehen entweder aus Metall wie z. B. Aluminium oder Stahl oder aus Kunstharz wie z. B. Phenol -, Epoxyd- oder Polyamidharz, wobei es auch bekannt ist, die Kunstharze mit Zusatzstoffen zu versehen, wie Metallpulver, Graphitpulver oder faserförmigen Komponenten wie Kohle- oder Glasfasern.The basic bodies, which do not contain hard materials, but serve only as a carrier of the hard material covering, either consist of metal such. B. aluminum or steel or synthetic resin such. As phenol, epoxy or polyamide resin, it is also known to provide the synthetic resins with additives, such as metal powder, graphite powder or fibrous components such as carbon or glass fibers.

Sowohl die Schleifbeläge wie auch die Grundkörper müssen hohen Anforderungen hinsichtlich der Festigkeit, der Temperatur -, Hydrolyse - und Chemiekalienbeständigkeit entsprechen. Darüber hinaus werden Ansprüche an die Wärmeleitfähigkeit und das Schwingungsdämpfungsverhalten gestellt. Diese Ansprüche können teilweise erfüllt werden durch die Verwendung von temperaturbeständigen Duroplastkunstharzen mit Zusätzen aus Metallpulvern oder Graphit.Both the abrasive coverings and the base body must meet high requirements with regard to strength, temperature, hydrolysis and chemical resistance. In addition, demands are placed on thermal conductivity and vibration damping behavior. These requirements can be met in part by using temperature-resistant thermosetting synthetic resins with additives made from metal powders or graphite.

In jüngerer Zeit richtet sich die Entwicklung auf eine Steigerung der Schnittgeschwindigkeit bzw. der Umfangsgeschwindigkeit insbesondere von Umfangsschleifscheiben und Sägen. Die Entwicklung von Hochgeschwindigkeitsschleif - und Trennwerkzeugen führt in der Regel zu größeren Durchmessern der Scheiben, da anderenfalls mit herkömmlichen Maschinen sehr hohe Umfangsgeschwindigkeiten von mehr als 250 m/s nicht problemlos zu erreichen sind. Andererseits lassen sich hohe Umfangsgeschwindigkeiten nur erzielen, wenn der Grundkörper einen hohen E - Modul (Elastizitätsmodul) bei geringer Dichte aufweist, damit sich das Werkzeug nicht wesentlich ausdehnt oder gesprengt wird, sondern vielmehr relativ niedrige Spannungen und Dehnungen in Kauf zu nehmen sind. Die jüngere Entwicklung geht deshalb zu der Verwendung von faserverstärkten Verbundwerkstoffen, die eine hohe Festigkeit bei geringem Gewicht ergeben. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Verwendung von kohlefaserverstärkten Kunstharzverbundwerkstoffen, wie sie auch allgemein als CFK benannt werden.More recently, development has focused on increasing the cutting speed or the peripheral speed, in particular of peripheral grinding wheels and saws. The development of high-speed grinding and cutting tools generally leads to larger diameters of the disks, since otherwise very high peripheral speeds of more than 250 m / s cannot be easily achieved with conventional machines. On the other hand, high peripheral speeds can only be achieved if the base body has a high modulus of elasticity has low density, so that the tool is not significantly expanded or blown up, but rather relatively low tensions and strains have to be accepted. The more recent development therefore goes to the use of fiber-reinforced composites, which result in high strength and low weight. This applies in particular to the use of carbon fiber reinforced synthetic resin composites, as they are also generally called CFRP.

Bei derartigen faserverstärkten Grundkörpern aus Kunststoff für Hochgeschwindigkeitswerkzeuge ergibt sich regelmäßig jedoch ein Problem hinsichtlich der Verbindung des Grundkörpers mit dem Schleifbelag. Bekannt ist die Möglichkeit, die Schleifbeläge mit Hilfe von Klebstoffen unmittelbar auf dem Grundkörper aufzubringen. Dabei lassen sich jedoch nur Festigkeiten erzielen, die vielfach den Erfordernissen des Hochgeschwindigkeitsschleifens nicht genügen. Es ist deshalb auch versucht worden, die Schleifbeläge mechanisch im Grundkörper zu verankern bzw. mit einem Steg in dem Grundkörper einzulaminieren. Derartige Lösungen sind jedoch aufwendig und führen zu einer Erhöhung der Masse des Werkzeuges und gegebenenfalls zu ungleichmäßigen Masseverteilungen, für die ein zusätzlicher Ausgleich geschaffen werden muß.With such fiber-reinforced base bodies made of plastic for high-speed tools, however, there is regularly a problem with regard to the connection of the base body to the abrasive coating. The possibility is known of applying the abrasive coverings directly to the base body with the aid of adhesives. However, only strengths can be achieved that often do not meet the requirements of high-speed grinding. It has therefore also been attempted to mechanically anchor the abrasive coatings in the base body or to laminate them in the base body with a web. However, such solutions are complex and lead to an increase in the mass of the tool and possibly to uneven mass distributions, for which an additional compensation must be created.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, die Verbindung zwischen dem Schleifbelag und dem faserverstärkten Grundkörper eines Hochgeschwindigkeitswerkzeuges gegenüber vorbekannten Lösungen zu verbessern, um dadurch die Gefahr eines Absprengens des Schleifbelages vom Grundkörper zu verhindern.The object of the invention is to establish the connection between to improve the abrasive coating and the fiber-reinforced base body of a high-speed tool compared to previously known solutions, in order to thereby prevent the risk of the abrasive coating breaking off from the base body.

Um die Haftfestigkeit zwischen dem Belag und dem Grundkörper zu erhöhen sieht die Erfindung vor, daß zwischen dem Belag und dem Grundkörper eine auf dem Grundkörper galvanisch oder stromlos aufgetragene Zwischenschicht aus Metall angeordnet ist, in der nach außen über den Kunststoff vorstehende und in dem Kunststoff verankerte elektrisch leitfähige Fasern eingebettet sind, denn durch die mechanischen Eigenschaften, die Anordnung, Dichte und Dicke der verbindenden Fasern läßt sich die Haftfestigkeit wesentlich verbessern.In order to increase the adhesive strength between the covering and the base body, the invention provides that between the covering and the base body an intermediate layer of metal, applied galvanically or electrolessly, is arranged, in which protrudes outward beyond the plastic and is anchored in the plastic electrically conductive fibers are embedded, because the mechanical properties, the arrangement, density and thickness of the connecting fibers can significantly improve the adhesive strength.

Auf die galvanisch oder stromlos aufgetragene Zwischenschicht läßt sich zwar ein Schleifbelag aufkleben, wobei eine bessere Haftung erzielt wird, als wenn ein Aufkleben auf dem Grundkörper aus Kunststoff stattfindet. Besonders vorteilhaft wirkt sich die metallische Zwischenschicht jedoch aus, wenn ein Schleifbelag galvanisch aufgebracht wird, bei dem die Hartkörner aus Diamant oder Bornitrid mit Hilfe des elektrischen Stromes in einer Metallmatrix verzugsweise aus Nickel oder Kupfer gebunden sind.It is true that an abrasive coating can be glued to the galvanically or electrolessly applied intermediate layer, with better adhesion being achieved than if gluing takes place on the base body made of plastic. However, the metallic intermediate layer has a particularly advantageous effect if an abrasive coating is applied galvanically, in which the hard grains of diamond or boron nitride are bound with the aid of the electric current in a metal matrix, preferably made of nickel or copper.

Statt einer elektrolytischen Metallabscheidung der Zwischenschicht auf dem Grundkörper kann eine stromlose Metallabscheidung durch reduktive Verfahren Anwendung finden. Eine stromlose Metallabscheidung von Nickel oder Kupfer läßt sich in einer wässrigen Lösung durchführen, die aus Nickel- oder Kupfersalzen besteht und ein Reduktionsmittel enthält wie z. B. Hypophosphit, wobei es sich letzthin um eine chemische, stromlose Abscheidung handelt.Instead of electrolytic metal deposition of the intermediate layer on the base body, electroless metal deposition by reductive processes can be used. Electroless metal deposition of nickel or copper can be carried out in an aqueous solution which consists of nickel or copper salts and contains a reducing agent such as e.g. B. hypophosphite, which is ultimately a chemical, electroless plating.

Die für die Verbindung auszunutzenden elektrisch leitfähigen Fasern können aus Metall bestehen wie Stahl oder Aluminium oder Kupfer. In Betracht kommen jedoch insbesondere elektrisch leitfähige Kohlefasern, die durch ein Zurücksetzen der Kunststoffmatrix des Grundkörpers freizulegen sind. Dies kann durch Ätzen vorzugsweise unter Anwendung einer Säure wie Schwefelsäure erfolgen, wobei eine Rückversetzung der Kunststoffmatrix des Grundkörpers gegenüber den Spitzen der Fasern in einer Größenordnung von 20 bis 300 ym zweckmäßig sein kann. Der dadurch freigesetzte Raum wird bei einer Ausbildung der Zwischenschicht galvanisch metallisiert, wobei die vorrübergehend freiliegenden Faserabschnitte in der Art einer Verankerung wirksam sind.The electrically conductive fibers to be used for the connection can consist of metal such as steel or aluminum or copper. However, electrically conductive carbon fibers, which can be exposed by resetting the plastic matrix of the base body, are particularly suitable. This can be done by etching, preferably using an acid such as sulfuric acid, it being advisable to set back the plastic matrix of the base body with respect to the tips of the fibers in an order of magnitude of 20 to 300 μm. The space released in this way is galvanically metallized when the intermediate layer is formed, the temporarily exposed fiber sections being effective in the manner of an anchoring.

Die Fasern können dafür in unterschiedlicher Ausrichtung angeordnet sein und zwar vorzugsweise unter Verwendung von Fasergeweben oder Fasermatten, die nebeneinander liegend im Kunststoff eingebettet sind.For this purpose, the fibers can be arranged in different orientations, preferably using them of fiber fabrics or fiber mats that are embedded next to each other in the plastic.

Um die Fasern definiert auszurichten und dadurch erhöhte Festigkeitseigenschaften zu erreichen, können vorimprägnierte Gewebe schichtweise angeordnet sein, die zusammen mit dem Kunststoff des Grundkörpers erhitzt werden, nach dem sie vom Kunststoff durchtränkt und mit diesem zusammengepreßt sind. Dabei läßt sich zunächst einmal eine größere Scheibe herstellen, aus der dann eine Mehrzahl von kleinen Grundkörpern gewonnen wird.In order to align the fibers in a defined manner and thereby achieve increased strength properties, pre-impregnated fabrics can be arranged in layers, which are heated together with the plastic of the base body, after which they are impregnated with the plastic and pressed together with it. First of all, a larger disk can be produced, from which a plurality of small base bodies can then be obtained.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist nachstehend unter Bezugnahme auf eine Zeichnung erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigen:

  • Figur 1: Eine Umfangsschleifscheibe im Schnitt;
  • Figur 2: den Außenrandabschnitt der Schleifscheibe in vergrößerter Darstellung;
  • Figur 3: einen Schnitt durch den Außenrand der Schleifscheibe in mehrhundertfacher Vegrößerung und
  • Figur 4: eine mikroskopische Darstellung der Zwischenschicht.
An embodiment of the invention is explained below with reference to a drawing. The drawing shows:
  • Figure 1: A peripheral grinding wheel in section;
  • Figure 2: the outer edge portion of the grinding wheel in an enlarged view;
  • Figure 3: a section through the outer edge of the grinding wheel in several hundred times magnification and
  • Figure 4: a microscopic representation of the intermediate layer.

Die in der Zeichnung wiedergegebene Umfangsschleifscheibe 1 besteht aus einem kohlefaserverstärkten Grundkörper 3 aus Kunststoff, welcher Diamantkörner 5 trägt. Die Diamantkörner 5 sind in einer metallischen Bindung gehalten, die beispielsweise aus Nickel oder Kupfer besteht und getragen wird von einer Zwischenschicht 9, welche galvanisch aufgetragen ist auf dem Grundkörper 3. In dem aus einem Epoxyd -Polyamid - oder einem Phenolharz bestehenden Grundkörper 3 sind Gewebematten 11, 13 und 15 aus elektrisch leitfähigen Kohlefasern eingebettet. Die Fasern der verschiedenen Gewebematten sind unterschiedlich zueinander ausgerichtet, das heißt die Fasern der Matte 11 sind beispielsweise anders ausgerichtet zu den Fasern der Matte 13 und den Fasern der Matte 15.The peripheral grinding wheel shown in the drawing 1 consists of a carbon fiber reinforced base body 3 made of plastic, which carries diamond grains 5. The diamond grains 5 are held in a metallic bond, which consists, for example, of nickel or copper and is supported by an intermediate layer 9, which is galvanically applied to the base body 3. In the base body 3, which consists of an epoxy polyamide or a phenolic resin, there are fabric mats 11, 13 and 15 embedded from electrically conductive carbon fibers. The fibers of the different fabric mats are oriented differently from one another, that is to say the fibers of the mat 11 are, for example, differently oriented from the fibers of the mat 13 and the fibers of the mat 15.

Für eine Verbesserung der Haftfähigkeit zwischen dem Grundkörper 3 und dem aus den Hartkörnern 5 und der Bindung 7 bestehenden Belag ist eine auf den Grundkörper 3 galvanisch niedergeschlagene Zwischenschicht 9 vorgesehen, in die sich frei aus dem Grundkörper 3 vorstehende Faserabschnitte hinein erstrecken. Dafür ist die Kunststoffmatrix des Grundkörpers 3 durch Ätzen beispielsweise unter Anwendung einer Schwefelsäure um ein Ausmaß von beispielsweise bis zu 300 ym gegenüber den Faserendabschnitten zurückversetzt. In diesen Freiraum zwischen den freiliegenden Faserendabschnitten und der zurückgesetzten Kunststoffmatrix des Grundkörpers 3 erstreckt sich die galvanisch niedergeschlagene Zwischenschicht 9, die infolge der vergrößerten Haftoberfläche innig mit dem Grundkörper verbunden ist und geeignet ist für die Aufnahme des Belages aus Körnern 5 und Bindung 7. Sofern als Bindung ein Metall wie Nickel Anwendung findet, kann der Belag galvanisch auf dem Zwischenträger 9 aufgebracht werden. Grundsätzlich besteht jedoch auch die Möglichkeit nach dem Aufbringen der Zwischenschicht 9 ihre Außenseite zu bearbeiten, um anschließend einen Belag aus einem anderen Material aufzukleben oder aufzupressen. In allen Fällen ist der Vorteil gegeben, daß die Haftung zwischen dem Belag und dem Grundkörper 3 aus Kunststoff durch die Zwischenschicht größer ist, als bei einer Verbindung des Belages unmittelbar mit dem Grundkörper aus faserverstärktem Kunststoff.In order to improve the adhesiveness between the base body 3 and the covering consisting of the hard grains 5 and the bond 7, an intermediate layer 9 which is galvanically deposited on the base body 3 and into which fiber sections projecting freely from the base body 3 extend. For this purpose, the plastic matrix of the base body 3 is set back by an amount of, for example, up to 300 μm relative to the fiber end sections by etching, for example using a sulfuric acid. The galvanically deposited intermediate layer 9 extends into this free space between the exposed fiber end sections and the recessed plastic matrix of the base body 3, which is due to the enlarged Adhesive surface is intimately connected to the base body and is suitable for receiving the coating of grains 5 and bond 7. If a metal such as nickel is used as the bond, the coating can be applied galvanically to the intermediate carrier 9. Basically, however, there is also the possibility after the application of the intermediate layer 9 to process its outside in order to subsequently glue or press on a covering made of another material. In all cases there is the advantage that the adhesion between the covering and the base body 3 made of plastic is greater through the intermediate layer than when the covering is connected directly to the base body made of fiber-reinforced plastic.

Dem Schnittbild der Figur 3, das eine mikroskopische Darstellung in mehrhundertfacher Vergrößerung wiedergibt, ist zu entnehmen, daß die einzelnen Fasern in den verschiedenen Gewebematten 11, 13 und 15 jeweils gleichartig, jedoch zueinander unterschiedlich ausgerichtet sind und daß die Gewebematten durchtränkt sind von Kunststoff 17. Das Zurücksetzen der Kunststoffmatrix gegenüber den außenliegenden Faserabschnitten 19 erfolgt durch ein Ätzen in dem Ausmaß, daß sich eine Kunststoffaußenseite 21 ausbildet, über der die einzelnen Fasern 19 der verschiedenen Fasermatten freiliegend vorstehen. Der sich dabei ergebende zunächst freie Zwischenraum wird ausgefüllt durch einen galvanischen Niederschlag der Zwischenschicht 9, die aus Nickel aber auch beispielsweise aus Cobalt oder einem anderen Metall bestehen kann. Das setzt eine elektrische Leitfähigkeit der einzelnen Fasern der Gewebematten voraus, die vorzugsweise aus Kohle bestehen, das heißt als Kohlefasern ausgebildet sind und dadurch auch hohen mechanischen Beanspruchungen standhalten.The sectional view of FIG. 3, which shows a microscopic illustration in a magnification of several hundred times, shows that the individual fibers in the different fabric mats 11, 13 and 15 are each of the same type but are oriented differently to one another and that the fabric mats are saturated with plastic 17. The plastic matrix is reset in relation to the outer fiber sections 19 by etching to the extent that a plastic outer side 21 is formed, over which the individual fibers 19 of the various fiber mats are exposed. The resultant initially free space is filled by a galvanic deposit of the intermediate layer 9 Nickel can also consist of cobalt or another metal, for example. This presupposes an electrical conductivity of the individual fibers of the fabric mats, which preferably consist of carbon, that is to say are designed as carbon fibers, and therefore also withstand high mechanical loads.

In der Figur 4 ist eine mikroskopische Darstellung desjenigen Abschnittes der Zwischenschicht gegeben, in welche sich die einzelnen Fasern 19 des Grundkörpers 3 erstrecken. Nach einem Ablösen eines kleinen Teiles einer Zwischenschicht vom Grundkörper ist mikroskopisch erkennbar, daß sich röhrenartige Gebilde bzw. Kanäle 23 in der Zwischenschicht 9 ausgebildet haben, die durch Fasern 19 des Grundkörpers 3 gebildet sind.FIG. 4 shows a microscopic representation of that section of the intermediate layer into which the individual fibers 19 of the base body 3 extend. After a small part of an intermediate layer has been detached from the base body, it can be seen microscopically that tubular structures or channels 23 have formed in the intermediate layer 9, which are formed by fibers 19 of the base body 3.

Claims (15)

Schleif - oder Trennwerkzeug mit einem faserverstärkten Grundkörper mit einer Kunststoffmatrix und einem Belag aus Diamant-oder Bornitridschleifkörnern, die in einer Bindung gehalten sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem Belag (5, 7)und dem Grundkörper (3) eine auf den Grundkörper galvanisch oder stromlos aufgetragene Zwischenschicht (9) aus Metall angeordnet ist, in der nach außen über den Kunststoff vorstehende und in dem Kunststoff verankerte elektrisch leitfähige Fasern (19) eingebettet sind.Grinding or cutting tool with a fiber-reinforced base body with a plastic matrix and a coating of diamond or boron nitride abrasive grains, which are held in a bond, characterized in that between the coating (5, 7) and the base body (3) is galvanically applied to the base body or electrolessly applied intermediate layer (9) made of metal is embedded in which electrically conductive fibers (19) projecting beyond the plastic and anchored in the plastic are embedded. Schleifscheibe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die vorstehenden Faserabschnitte (19) durch Zurücksetzen der Kunststoffmatrix des Grundkörpers (3) freigelegt sind.Grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the projecting fiber sections (19) are exposed by resetting the plastic matrix of the base body (3). Schleifscheibe nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Faserabschnitte (19) durch Ätzen der Kunststoffmatrix freigelegt sind.Grinding wheel according to claim 2, characterized in that the fiber sections (19) by etching the Plastic matrix are exposed. Schleifscheibe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fasern (19) im Grundkörper (3) definiert angeordnet sind.Grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the fibers (19) are arranged in a defined manner in the base body (3). Schleifscheibe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fasern (19) in Fasermatten (11, 13, 15), Fasergeweben oder als Einzelfasern unterschiedlich ausgerichtet angeordnet sind.Grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the fibers (19) in fiber mats (11, 13, 15), fiber fabrics or as individual fibers are arranged differently. Schleifscheibe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fasern (19) Kohlenstoffasern sind.Grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the fibers (19) are carbon fibers. Schleifscheibe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fasern aus einem elektrisch leitfähigen Kunststoff bestehen.Grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the fibers consist of an electrically conductive plastic. Schleifscheibe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bindung (7) der Schleifkörner (5) aus dem Metall der Zwischenschicht (9) besteht.Grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the bond (7) of the abrasive grains (5) consists of the metal of the intermediate layer (9). Schleifscheibe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zwischenschicht (9) aus Nickel, Cobalt oder Kupfer besteht.Grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate layer (9) consists of nickel, cobalt or copper. Schleifscheide nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schleifbelag (5, 7) galvanisch auf der Zwischenschicht (9) aufgebracht ist.Abrasive sheath according to claim 1, characterized in that the abrasive coating (5, 7) is applied galvanically to the intermediate layer (9). Schleifscheibe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schleifbelag (5, 7) auf der Zwischenschicht (9) aufgeklebt oder aufgepreßt ist.Grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the grinding covering (5, 7) is glued or pressed onto the intermediate layer (9). Verfahren zum Herstellen von Schleif - oder Trennwerkzeugen, die einen faserverstärkten Grundkörper mit einer Kunststoffmatrix und einen Belag aus Diamant - oder Bornitridschleifkörnern aufweisen, welche in einer Bindung gehalten sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kunststoffmatrix (17) durch Ätzen zurückversetzt wird und die dadurch freigelegten elektrisch leitfähigen Faserabschnitte (19) in einer galvanisch niedergeschlagenen Zwischenschicht (9) eingebettet werden, welche die Fasern (19) überdeckt, und daß anschließend der Schleifkornbelag (5, 7) auf der Zwischenschicht (9) aufgebracht wird.Process for producing grinding or cutting tools which have a fiber-reinforced base body with a plastic matrix and a coating of diamond or boron nitride abrasive grains which are held in a bond, characterized in that the plastic matrix (17) is set back by etching and the exposed parts are thereby exposed electrically conductive fiber sections (19) are embedded in a galvanically deposited intermediate layer (9) which covers the fibers (19), and that the abrasive grain covering (5, 7) is then applied to the intermediate layer (9). Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schleifbelag (5, 7) galvanisch auf der Zwischenschicht (9) niedergeschlagen wird.Method according to claim 12, characterized in that the abrasive coating (5, 7) is deposited galvanically on the intermediate layer (9). Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schleifbelag (5, 7) auf der Zwischenschicht (9) durch Kleben oder Pressen aufgebracht wird.Method according to claim 12, characterized in that the abrasive coating (5, 7) is applied to the intermediate layer (9) by gluing or pressing. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kunststoffmatrix (17) durch Ätzen mit einer Säure wie Schwefelsäure zu den außenliegenden Fasern (19) zurückversetzt wird.A method according to claim 12, characterized in that the plastic matrix (17) by etching with a Acid such as sulfuric acid is returned to the outer fibers (19).
EP91120605A 1991-02-26 1991-11-29 Polishing or cutting-tool and process for its manufacturing Expired - Lifetime EP0501022B1 (en)

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DE4106005A DE4106005A1 (en) 1991-02-26 1991-02-26 GRINDING OR CUTTING TOOL AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
DE4106005 1991-02-26

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EP0501022A2 true EP0501022A2 (en) 1992-09-02
EP0501022A3 EP0501022A3 (en) 1992-12-02
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2069181T3 (en) 1995-05-01
US5221293A (en) 1993-06-22
EP0501022B1 (en) 1995-01-25
EP0501022A3 (en) 1992-12-02
DE59104419D1 (en) 1995-03-09
DE4106005A1 (en) 1992-08-27

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