EP0498755B1 - Maschine zum Spalten von Schiefer - Google Patents

Maschine zum Spalten von Schiefer Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0498755B1
EP0498755B1 EP19920500006 EP92500006A EP0498755B1 EP 0498755 B1 EP0498755 B1 EP 0498755B1 EP 19920500006 EP19920500006 EP 19920500006 EP 92500006 A EP92500006 A EP 92500006A EP 0498755 B1 EP0498755 B1 EP 0498755B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
machine
lateral edge
piece
slate
feelers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19920500006
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0498755A1 (de
Inventor
Joaquin Fernandez Sanchez
Maximino Fernandez Sanchez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0498755A1 publication Critical patent/EP0498755A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0498755B1 publication Critical patent/EP0498755B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/32—Methods and apparatus specially adapted for working materials which can easily be split, e.g. mica, slate, schist
    • B28D1/322—Splitting of the working materials

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a machine for cleaving slate pieces, said pieces determining an orientation for planes of cleavage and having at least one generally flat lateral edge perpendicular to said cleavage planes, the machine comprising: a fixed structure having a frame for holding the piece of slate to be cloven and at least one vertical guide-way; a head member which is slidable along said guideway and is provided with: a cylinder holder housing cylinders with through rod; an approach mechanism sliding on the through rods and which is movable relative to the cylinder holder; and at least one blade, having a straight line cutting edge adapted to open a crack in said flat lateral edge.
  • the cleavage is traditionally carried out by hand, on the basis of using a sharp chisel and striking with a hammer. This leads to irregularities in the thickness of the pieces and to a high rejection rate for breakages, since the process depends on the manual skill of the worker.
  • the document FR-A-397 899 discloses a machine for cleaving slate pieces, in which the piece is held laterally by means of jaws; nevertheless, this document does not contemplate any type of holding of said piece by the upper edge thereof, in the proximity of the area where the penetration of the blade in the piece produce a crack in the material. The document does not contemplate either the injection of pressurized water in said crack.
  • the document FR-A-2 527 505 relates to a process and a plant for the cleaving of schistose material according to first part of claim 1.
  • the block is held by the four side faces, but no firm holding of the block by the upper edge thereof is contemplated either in this case.
  • pressurized air is disclosed, which requires a sealed chamber, obliging costly sealing measures.
  • This object is achieved with a machine for cleaving slate pieces characterised in that said approach mechanism has two arms with end feelers arranged to engage said flat lateral edge; and in that comprises: a blade holder attached to the through rods and capable of moving relative to the cylinder holder; and nozzles adapted to inject pressurized water in said crack.
  • the head member may rock, so that when a portion of the end feelers of said arms engages said lateral edge of the piece of slate, the head member is caused to rock until said cutting edge becomes parallel to said lateral edge.
  • the arms may rock between a closed position in which the end feelers thereof are juxtaposed and a spaced apart position of said end feelers.
  • the machine is provided with a positioning mechanism comprising two opposed jaws, adapted to engage respectively the opposite faces of the piece of slate while moving it to centre said lateral edge with the vertical plane containing said cutting edge.
  • the jaws may be provided with respective sloping surfaces which converge upwardly, and preferably at least one of said jaws rocks.
  • Figure 1 is a top plan view of the machine of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross sectional view on the line II-II of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a partial side elevation view of a module comprising head member, guideways and frame.
  • Figure 4 is a detail on a larger scale of Figure 3.
  • Figure 5 is a part side elevation view, partly in cross section, of the approach mechanism.
  • Figure 6 is a view on line VI-VI of Figure 1.
  • the machine of the invention has a fixed structure formed by a frame 2 ( Figure 3) having a space for containing the piece 3 of slate to be cloven.
  • This piece or block is approximately a regular parallelepiped, the larger surfaces of which are surfaces parallel to the plane of cleavage of the piece.
  • the piece 3 of slate is placed in the frame in such a way that said edge is upwards.
  • the structure is also provided with vertical guideways 4.
  • the machine also comprises a head member 6 which may slide along the guideways 4. Sliding is oleohydraulically operated and the guideways form a portal (as in the illustrated embodiment) or are gooseneck shaped, the most appropriate possibility for the final arrangement in the workshop, available space or use of available supply facilities and, above all, the desired level of automation being chosen in each case.
  • the plant may comprise one or several modules depending on the production rate it is desired to attain.
  • Each module comprises a head member 6, the corresponding vertical guideways 4 and frame 2.
  • the first one checks the size of the block or piece of slate and provides a coarse cleavage to obtain slabs of a thickness equivalent to four final slates, which thickness is predetermined depending on the market and quality of the slate, ranging normally from 3 to 6 mm.
  • the slabs obtained move to a second module which splits them exactly down the middle and each of the slabs obtained is moved to further modules which split them down the middle, thereby obtaining the four final slates. Reference is made herein to this second and subsequent modules.
  • a head member 6 comprises a cylinder holder 8 having preferably hydraulic cylinders 12 (Figure 2) which are connected to a blade holder 20 by way of their rods 13.
  • the blade holder 20 is thus provided with the possibility of movement relative to the cylinder holder 8.
  • the blade holder 20 has attached thereto a blade 22 which may be continuous or sectional, although it is preferably sectional for reasons to be described hereinafter. These blades are removably mounted, i.e. they may be removed for replacement or repair.
  • the series of blades 22 has a cutting edge 24 defining a single straight line which, as said above, must be generally parallel to the upper edge of the piece 3 of slate.
  • the rods 13 of the cylinders 12 act as sliding ways for the frame 5 which supports the approach mechanisms, with the feelers therefor and the positioning or self centering mechanism.
  • the frame 5 is supported on the cylinder holder block 8 through the rods 11 of special, preferably pneumatic cylinders 10 which relieve the load which, due to the weight thereof, the unit exerts on the piece of slate, by air pressure on the surface of the upper portion of the rod 11. Furthermore the piece 3 of slate is released once the blade has penetrated therein to allow separation of the pieces and handling thereof.
  • special, preferably pneumatic cylinders 10 which relieve the load which, due to the weight thereof, the unit exerts on the piece of slate, by air pressure on the surface of the upper portion of the rod 11. Furthermore the piece 3 of slate is released once the blade has penetrated therein to allow separation of the pieces and handling thereof.
  • the approach mechanism ( Figure 5) consists of arms 16 fixedly attached to respective feelers 14 and capable of being oscillated by a preferably pneumatic cylinder 7 between a normal closed position as shown in Figure 5 and a further position in which the ends are spaced apart.
  • Said feelers 14 are provided at the lower end thereof with flat surfaces 18 which at the end of the downward stroke thereof are pressed against the upper lateral edge of the piece of slate.
  • the cylinder 7 urges the feelers 14 to the closed position thereof and the blade 22, on penetrating in the piece 3, separates the feelers 14 which continue to exert pressure.
  • the feelers 14 After the feelers 14 have engaged the piece of slate, the feelers 14 obviously remain fixed, although the cylinder holder 8 continues to move downwards and this movement continues until the micro switch is activated, the relative movement between the cylinder holder 8 and the feeler 14 being regulated by way of a screw 23 ( Figure 3).
  • the blade 22 will be at a variable distance from the piece 3, allowing for different depths of penetration according to the quality of the material, since the blade stroke is fixed. The said depth of penetration will produce a particular crack in the material in each case.
  • the arms 16 are slightly forced apart by the blade when the latter penetrates in the piece.
  • the machine also comprises nozzles 26 ( Figure 2) which are preferably inserted in the spaces between the blades 22 and which are also preferably attached to the blade holder 20. These nozzles 26 are adapted to inject pressurized water in the crack, until the piece 3 is completely cloven along a plane of cleavage.
  • the nozzles are duly connected to a not shown reservoir and the water is injected with a laminar jet. The water pressure causes the pieces to move sideways and they are picked up by an ejection mechanism.
  • the machine also preferably comprises a positioning mechanism 28 which is particularly useful for modules not for producing the coarse cleavage referred to above.
  • the said mechanism 28 comprises opposed jaws 30, at least one of which may be caused to rock by connecting rods 32 ( Figure 6) attached forks 34, fixedly attached to stems 36 of preferably pneumatic cylinders 38 ( Figure 6).
  • the jaws 30 are opened and the mechanism 28 is lowered so that each jaw is disposed at a different side of the piece 3.
  • the piece is caused to move as necessary to centre the upper edge with the vertical plane containing the cutting edge 24 of the blade 22.
  • the piece 3 and the cutting edge 24 are caused to become aligned in parallel, and the median line of the upper lateral edge and the cutting edge are situated in the same vertical plane, such that when the blade 22 is lowered, a centered crack is formed and thus the piece is split into two substantially equal halves.
  • Each jaw 30 is provided with replaceable contact pads 40 and with sloping surfaces 42 which converge upwardly.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Maschine zum Spalten von Schieferstücken, wobei die Schieferstücke (3) eine Richtung für Spaltungsebenen vorgeben und wenigstens eine, im allgemeinen ebene Seitenkante aufweisen, die zu den Spaltungsebenen senkrecht steht, wobei die Maschine folgende Teile umfaßt:
    einen feststehenden Aufbau mit einem Rahmen (2) zum Halten des Schieferstückes (3), das gespalten werden soll und mit wenigstens einer vertikalen Führung (4);
    ein Kopfteil (6), das längs der Führung (4) gleitend verschiebbar und mit einem Zylinder-Halteteil (8) versehen ist, das seinerseits Zylinder (12) mit durchgehenden Kolbenstangen (13) beherbergt,
    eine Annäherungsvorrichtung, die an den durchgehenden Kolbenstangen (13) gelagert ist und die relativ zum Zylinder-Halteteil (8) bewegbar ist, und
    wenigstens eine Klinge (22), die eine gerade Schneidkante (24) hat, die so ausgelegt ist, daß sie in der genannten, ebenen Seitenkante einen Spalt öffnen kann,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Annäherungsvorrichtung zwei Arme (16) mit Endfühlern (14) hat, die so angeordnet sind, daß sie mit der ebenen Seitenkante in Eingriff kommen können, und
    daß sie einen Klingenhalter (20) umfaßt, der an den durchgehenden Kolbenstangen (13) angebracht und in der Lage ist, sich relativ zum Zylinder-Halteteil (8) zu bewegen sowie Düsen (26), die dazu bestimmt sind, Druckwasser in den Spalt einzuspritzen.
  2. Maschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kopfteil (6) sich so verschwenken kann, daß dann, wenn nur ein Abschnitt der Endfühler (14) der Arme (16) mit der Seitenkante des Schieferstückes (3) in Eingriff kommt, das Kopfteil (6) sich solange verschwenkt, bis die Schneidkante (24) zu dieser Seitenkante parallel verläuft.
  3. Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Arme (16) zwischen einer geschlossenen Stellung, in der ihre Endfühler (14) nebeneinanderliegen und einer voneinander entfernten Stellung der Endfühler (14) verschwenkt werden können.
  4. Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie mit einer Ausrichtvorrichtung (28) versehen ist, die ihrerseits zwei einander gegenüberliegende Backen (30) aufweist, die dazu bestimmt sind, jeweils einander gegenüberliegende Flächen des Schieferstückes (3) zu erfassen, während sie das Schieferstück so bewegen, daß die Seitenkante mit der vertikalen Ebene ausgerichtet wird, in der die Schneidkante (24) liegt.
  5. Maschine nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Backen (30) jeweils mit schräg verlaufenden Flächen (42) versehen sind, die nach oben zusammenlaufen.
  6. Maschine nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens eine der Backen (30) verschwenkbar ist.
EP19920500006 1991-02-04 1992-01-22 Maschine zum Spalten von Schiefer Expired - Lifetime EP0498755B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES9100276 1991-02-04
ES9100276A ES2028598A6 (es) 1991-02-04 1991-02-04 Procedimiento de exfoliacion de piezas de pizarra y maquina correspondiente.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0498755A1 EP0498755A1 (de) 1992-08-12
EP0498755B1 true EP0498755B1 (de) 1994-08-03

Family

ID=8271053

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19920500006 Expired - Lifetime EP0498755B1 (de) 1991-02-04 1992-01-22 Maschine zum Spalten von Schiefer

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0498755B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69200285T2 (de)
ES (2) ES2028598A6 (de)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2722445A1 (fr) * 1994-07-13 1996-01-19 Ardoisieres D Angers Sa Procede pour le clivage de blocs ardoisiers ainsi que les machines pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
AU2979197A (en) * 1996-06-07 1998-01-05 Nippon Soda Co., Ltd. Agricultural chemical composition with improved raindrop resistance
FR2882956A1 (fr) * 2005-03-14 2006-09-15 Sovemine Ingenierie Sarl Procede et machine a fendre les ardoises (de differentes dimensions a l'aide d'un ciseau unique)
ES2367946B1 (es) * 2009-05-28 2012-09-18 Carpintería Metálica Hermaca, S.L. Máquina exfoliadora de pizarra.
ES2366842B2 (es) * 2010-04-08 2012-09-07 Babieri & Tarozzi Ibérica S.L. Máquina exfoliadora de piezas de pizarra.
ES2405294B1 (es) * 2011-11-22 2014-08-07 Barbieri & Tarozzi Ibérica, S.L. Máquina exfoliadora de piezas de pizarra, mejorada
ES2800924B2 (es) * 2019-06-25 2021-05-25 Sist Y Automatismos Industriales S L Maquina laminadora

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR397899A (fr) * 1909-12-14 1909-05-19 Union Ardoisiere L Procédé et machine à fendre l'ardoise
US2626597A (en) * 1950-12-23 1953-01-27 Eugene T Lake Slate splitting machine
FR2432375A1 (fr) * 1978-07-31 1980-02-29 Angers Ardoisieres Procede pour le clivage de materiau feuillete
FR2527505A1 (fr) * 1982-05-26 1983-12-02 Bugeat Jean Procede et installation pour le clivage de materiau, notamment de materiau schisteux
FR2611573B1 (fr) * 1987-03-03 1992-02-21 Noirot Yves Dispositif pour fendre les buches dans le sens de leur longueur
FR2632999A1 (fr) * 1988-06-15 1989-12-22 Zepf Hans Rudolf Pince de rupture pour demolir des ouvrages de maconnerie en particulier des murs en beton arme

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0498755A1 (de) 1992-08-12
ES2028598A6 (es) 1992-07-01
ES2059201T3 (es) 1994-11-01
DE69200285D1 (de) 1994-09-08
DE69200285T2 (de) 1994-11-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0498755B1 (de) Maschine zum Spalten von Schiefer
US3120842A (en) Equalizer for shear
US6296029B1 (en) Centering sectional shoe assembly
US2514352A (en) Machine for making course height stone veneer
US2723657A (en) Stone cutting machine
CA1320353C (en) Apparatus for exposing the reinforcing bars of reinforced concrete pillars
CN111791028B (zh) 一种液压阀块加工工艺及其加工系统
US6923228B2 (en) Veneer-slicing machine
US6112784A (en) Rail buster
US1084827A (en) Machine for cleaving slate-blocks and the like.
US3859878A (en) Apparatus for ganged scoring of glass
CN101352898A (zh) 加工石材表面的装置和方法
CN1420004A (zh) 一种陶瓷砖成型方法及设备
US3756216A (en) Method for cutting stone with pressure operated means
US4484607A (en) Splinter prevention device in automatic cycle woodworking machines
US5564301A (en) Adjustable die assembly
US6837129B2 (en) Device for planishing saw blades
CN215149869U (zh) 四面刨床用自动送料器
CN201261231Y (zh) 用于石材表面处理的装置
CN211030359U (zh) 一种推台锯用防止锯料跑偏的压紧装置
CN214978031U (zh) 一种具有换刀刀库的薄板平面加工双向刨槽机
CN217020495U (zh) 一种高效的橡胶制品卸料装置
JP5841217B1 (ja) 火打ち加工装置
KR102385901B1 (ko) 수직 피가공물 안착방식 판재용 워터젯 절단기
US2735418A (en) Stone grooving machine

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19920928

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19930628

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69200285

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19940908

ET Fr: translation filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2059201

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19960122

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19960122

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19970129

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19970218

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 19980112

Year of fee payment: 7

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY

Effective date: 19980131

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19981001

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 19990123

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20010601