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• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
  • C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
  • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
  • C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M129/10—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
  • C10M143/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation containing aromatic monomer, e.g. styrene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
  • C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
  • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
  • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
  • H01B3/20—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils
  • H01B3/22—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
  • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/104—Aromatic fractions
  • C10M2203/1045—Aromatic fractions used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
  • C10M2203/1065—Naphthenic fractions used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/108—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
  • C10M2203/1085—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/04—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing aromatic monomers, e.g. styrene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2207/027—Neutral salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
  • C10M2209/086—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type polycarboxylic, e.g. maleic acid
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
  • C10N2040/16—Dielectric; Insulating oil or insulators
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
  • C10N2040/17—Electric or magnetic purposes for electric contacts

Definitions

• This invention relates to a novel biodegradable dielectric fluid. More particularly, this invention relates to a biodegradable dielectric fluid that is refined from selected low wax content base stocks and which has a very low pour point.
• Dielectric liquids may be used in transformers as insulators and as cooling agents. Their ability to insulate is dependent upon certain properties such as dielectric strength, whereas their ability to effectively function as a cooling agent is premised, in part, upon a low viscosity of the fluid which ensures sufficient dissipation of the heat generated during the operation of the transformer.
• the viscosity of a dielectric fluid is directly affected by low temperatures in that wax crystals form and interfere with essential heat transfer characteristics.
• conventional transformer oil may be refined [by 1989 industry standard practice] from crude oils, such as napthenic and paraffinic oils, and generally exhibits a pour point of between 55°C and -40 C.
• wax crystals form in the oil and prevent the low viscosities which are essential for the oils to function as heat transfer agents in a transformer.
• low temperatures create poor flow properties in the transformer oil and prevent the proper extraction and discharge of heat from the core and coil assembly of transformers. This results in localized overheating and promotes degradation of the cellulose insulation and the oil itself. Consequently, there is premature dielectric breakdown and shortened transformer life.
• a refrigerator oil comprises a blend of a hydrorefined napthenic oil component and wax-free paraffinic component.
• the paraffinic component may be a wax-free hydrogenated polyolefin oil or a high viscosity index, hydrocracked lube or a mixture of such components. While the Mills oil composition includes a waxfree oil component, it is directed towards a high temperature compressor and does not resolve the problems which occur at lower temperatures and high viscosities.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a dielectric fluid that eliminates the high viscosity and solidification which is associated with conventional transformer oil in areas where the ambient temperature is very low.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a dielectric fluid that exhibits excellent heat transfer characteristics.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a dielectric fluid without residual extraction solvents and which has excellent electrical characteristics.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a dielectric fluid that eliminates overheating of the oil and degradation of the cellulose insulation.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a dielectric fluid that contains minimal wax content.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a dielectric fluid that prevents premature dielectric breakdown and shortened transformer life.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a dielectric fluid that utilizes oils having very low pour points.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a dielectric fluid that is compatible with the design and materials of the construction of transformers which are currently manufactured.
• a further object of the present invention is to provide a dielectric fluid that is cost effective and simple to manufacture.
• transformer oil that is made, in part, from selected crude oils that naturally exhibit very low pour points and which contain little wax. These oils are normally used as lubricants in refrigeration compressors and in cold climates. These substantially wax-free oils are refined and processed into a dielectric fluid by conventional industry pratice.
• the inventive transformer oil comprises, in part, a petroleum fluid which is refined from selected low wax content base stocks and which may be used with napthenic or paraffinic transformer dielectric oils.
• the transformer oil further includes a synthetic oxidation inhibitor and a low temperature flow modifier.
• the crude oils from which the petroleum stocks are refined are known as wax-free napthenic crude oils and contain very little or no wax. These crude oils may originate from many areas, including the fields in and around the Cottage Grove field in Oil City, Louisiana. These napthenic crudes are identifiable by the characteristics which are described below.
• the napthenic crude oils exhibit a correlation between their boiling point and density.
• the fraction of crude oil that boils at temperatures between 2500C and 2700C has a specific gravity above 0.860.
• the oil fraction that boils at temperatures between 2750C and 300 0C (at standard pressure) exhibits a specific gravity above 0.934.
• VGC viscosity-gravity constant
• the napthenic crude oils contain fractions that exhibit a Universal Oil Product (UOP) Characterization Factor or Watson K Factor between 10.5 and 12.5.
• the inventive transformer oil in the preferred embodiment, has a pour point or melting point of less than about -600C as compared to an average pour point of approximately -480C for conventional transformer oil.
• the preferred flash point of the transformer oil is a minimum of about 1450C, as measured by ASTM standard method D92.
• the ASTM method involves filling a test cup to a specified level with a sample of the transformer oil.
• the temperature of the sample is increased rapidly at first and then at a slow constant rate as the flash point is approached.
• a small test flame is passed across the cup. The lowest temperature at which application of the test flame causes the vapors above the surface of the liquid to ignite is the flash point.
• the preferred viscosity of the transformer oil is a maximum of about 12 cSt. at 400C which is equal to approximately 66 SUS.
• the oil contains less than about 1.5% by weight, preferably about 0.08% to about 0.30%, of a hindered phenolic compound, such as 2,6 di-tert butyl phenol or 2,6 di-tert butylated paracresol.
• a hindered phenolic compound such as 2,6 di-tert butyl phenol or 2,6 di-tert butylated paracresol.
• any one of a number of related compounds may be used which have the ability to increase the oxidation stability of petroleum oils.
• Examples of oxidation inhibitors that may be used herein include Ethyl 701 and Ethyl 702 which are manufactured by the Ethyl Chemical Corporation, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
• the oil contains less than about 1.0% by weight, preferably about 0.3% to about 0.7%, of an alkylated polystyrene type of flow modifier, such as OA-100B, manufactured and sold by Argus Chemical Corporation. Argus also makes variations of OA-100B, such as OA101 and OA-100A.
• OA-100B such as OA101 and OA-100A.
• Other companies make similar compounds that may be used as flow modifiers which include a dialkyl fumarate/vinyl acetate copolymer which is known as Paraflow 387 and is manufactured by Exxon Chemical Company, and an alkyl ester copolymer that is named Lubrizol 6662 and is manufactured by Lubrizol Petroleum Chemical Company.
• the present invention contemplates preparing a biodegradable dielectric fluid comprising a petroleum fluid which is refined from wax-free napthenic crude oils and combined with a synthetic oxidation inhibitor and a low temperature flow modifier.
• the fluid may be used with conventional napthenic or paraffinic transformer dielectric oils.
• a biodegradable dielectric fluid was prepared from low wax content base stocks.
• substantially wax free napthenic crude oil such as the oil found in Northwest Louisiana, measuring ten (10) centistokes at 400C is refined by conventional industry practice which involves two stages of high vacuum distillation.
• This oil should have a molecular weight range and molecular structure such that the material possesses the following characteristics.
• the viscosity of the oil should be between 9.0 and 12.0 cSt. at 400C, and include a viscosity index of less than 15.
• the oil should have a pour point of below -550C.
• a predetermined amount of a hindered phenolic compound, specifically, 2,6 di-tert butyl phenol is then added to the refined crude oil.
• the amount of phenolic compound that is added to the oil is consistent with the required level for oxidation stability.
• the hindered phenol oxidation inhibitor that is used herein is Ethyl 701 which is manufactured by Ethyl Chemical Corporation.
• a predetermined amount of a low temperature flow modifier which in this case is An alkylated polystyrene, is also added to the wax-free oil composition.
• the amount of flow modifier that is added to the oil is consistent with the required flow properties of the fluid.
• the flow modified that is used herein is OA-100B and is manufactured by Argus Chemical Corporation.
• the oil composition is mixed.
• the result is a biodegradable dielectric fluid which has a very low pour point.
• the present invention provides for a novel dielectric fluid that is refined from low wax content base stocks and which has a very low pour point.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
• Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

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Cited By (4)

Citations (11)

• 1992
  • 1992-01-16 EP EP92300367A patent/EP0497467A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 1992-01-17 FI FI920215A patent/FI920215A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1992-01-17 NO NO92920242A patent/NO920242L/no unknown

Patent Citations (11)

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