EP0495762A1 - A heat exchanger element - Google Patents
A heat exchanger element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0495762A1 EP0495762A1 EP92850005A EP92850005A EP0495762A1 EP 0495762 A1 EP0495762 A1 EP 0495762A1 EP 92850005 A EP92850005 A EP 92850005A EP 92850005 A EP92850005 A EP 92850005A EP 0495762 A1 EP0495762 A1 EP 0495762A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tubes
- heat exchanger
- members
- heat
- exchanger element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F7/00—Elements not covered by group F28F1/00, F28F3/00 or F28F5/00
- F28F7/02—Blocks traversed by passages for heat-exchange media
Definitions
- heat exchanger elements with good heat transferring properties by casting tubes of high grade material into a metal body of a material with good heat conducting properties.
- the material in the tubes may be selected with respect to the aggressiveness of a first heat transporting medium, while the castable metal in different ways may be formed so a large contact surface is obtained for the second heat transporting medium.
- European patent 0153 363 shows for instance a heat exchanger block of the kind referred to above, where the cast body is externally provided with longitudinally running flanges and where transverse grooves, in order to increase the heat transfer, subdivide the side faces into fields, and where the flanges in each field have been displaced sidewardly in relation to flanges in adjacent fields, whereby a certain turbulence is caused in the second heat transporting medium flowing externally along the body .
- the enlarging members should not be formed as longitudinal flanges, but as truncated pyramids, which are arranged according to a pattern which causes a repeated splitting-up of the second medium into a number of part flows, which are soon united, and then immediately splitted-up again, a.s.f.
- a heat exchanger element of the type defined in the preamble to claim 1, is according to the invention characterized by that at least two tubes , having a length exceeding that of the body are located close by each other, and before the casting operations are interconnected outside the expected cast body, that the latter has rectangular cross sections, which narrowly encloses the tubes, and that all four side faces of the body are subdivided by longitudinal and transverse grooves, in such a manner that the surface enlarging contact surfaces for the second heat transporting medium are formed as truncated pyramids arranged in transverse rows, where members in each row are displaced sidewardly one pitch in relation to the members in adjacent rows.
- the thickness of the material in the body, opposite to a tube preferably is about equal to the diameter of the tube, the height of the member being about equal to one half of the tube diameter and the width of the grooves subdividing the faces of the body suitably being about equal to the base measure of the members.
- these are preferably rilled externally by means of two helical grooves running in opposite directions.
- a compact and efficient heat exchanger element is obtained by including three tubes in each element.
- the heat exchanger element 10 shown in Fig. 1 comprises three parallel tubes 11 of high grade material for conducting a first heat transporting medium.
- the tubes are located in close relationship, and are, in the ready element, to a considerable part of their lengths enclosed in cast metal having good heat transporting capacity, in such a manner that a body 12 is obtained, having the length "l" in the longitudinal direction of the tubes, and having rectangular cross sections.
- the body 12 is in the drawing indicated with broken lines with a short middle portion in full lines, from which the appearance in the final state will appear.
- the tubes 10 may be made of stainless steel, titanium or the like, as suitable for the type of first heat transporting medium to be used.
- the ends of the tubes are connectable to upper and lower collecting and distribution headers 13, 14, or to adjacent elements in a heat exchanger.
- Elements of this type are in a known manner mounted close by each other within a surrounding casing, which governs the flow of the second heat transporting medium along and between the individual elements.
- tubes 10 are externally "rilled", i.e. they are mechanically worked so two shallow, indentated grooves 15 are formed, which run helically along the tubes in opposite directions.
- the rilling is made only within the portion ("l"), which will be covered by the cast metal.
- the end parts of the tubes are left un-rilled, whereby they will maintain the cylindrical form, which facilitates the connection to distribution and collecting headers.
- the tubes 10 are interconnected, for instance by means of short welding seams 16, outside the body 12. These welding seams will not hamper the flow of metal during the extrusion.
- the material in the body 12 preferably is some kind of light metal alloy, which is easy to extrude, and which easily can be formed so the desired surface enlargement is obtained.
- the enlargement selected here will be explained in connection with Fig. 2 and 3. Only a few studs 17 are indicated in Fig. 1.
- transverse grooves 18 The side faces of the body 12 is subdivided by transverse grooves 18 into short pieces, which, by means of longitudinal grooves 19a and 19b are further subdivided, so the desired studs 17 are obtained in transverse rows.
- the longitudinal grooves 19a, 19b will alternatively cut through the pieces between every second transverse groove 18, which means that studs 17 in adjacent rows will be displaced one pitch in relation to each other.
- the body 12 is formed so it with a small margin will enclose the tubes, preferably in such a manner that the thickness of the material opposite to a tube 11, will be about equal to the tube diameter.
- the height of the surface enlarging studs 17 is preferably about equal to one half of the tube diameter.
- transverse and longitudinal grooves 18 and 19a, 19b, respectively will, for practical purposes, be formed with slightly slanting side walls, with an opening measure equal to the depth, i.e. about one half of the tube diameter.
- the studs 17 will then appear as truncated pyramids, and as the longitudinal grooves 19a, 19b will cut through the pieces between every second transverse groove 18 only, the studs 17 will form a zig-zag pattern, where studs in one row will be located directly opposite the groove, 19a or 19b, which cuts through adjacent transverse groove 18.
- thin-walled tubes 11 should not be damaged during the extrusion, at least two mutually interconnected tubes should be used. The rilling strengthens the individual tubes.
- the number of tubes in each element can vary depending upon the desired capacity. Three tubes with a small diameter will result in a more compact design than two tubes with a somewhat bigger diameter, even if the total internal contact surface is the same, as in the two tubes.
- the first heat transporting medium may be electric current, in which case the tubes 11 will enclose electric resistances.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
- Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
- Non-Reversible Transmitting Devices (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- It is well known within the art of heat exchange that it is possible to obtain heat exchanger elements with good heat transferring properties by casting tubes of high grade material into a metal body of a material with good heat conducting properties. The material in the tubes may be selected with respect to the aggressiveness of a first heat transporting medium, while the castable metal in different ways may be formed so a large contact surface is obtained for the second heat transporting medium.
- European patent 0153 363 shows for instance a heat exchanger block of the kind referred to above, where the cast body is externally provided with longitudinally running flanges and where transverse grooves, in order to increase the heat transfer, subdivide the side faces into fields, and where the flanges in each field have been displaced sidewardly in relation to flanges in adjacent fields, whereby a certain turbulence is caused in the second heat transporting medium flowing externally along the body .
- It is desirable to use as little as possible of the high grade material in the tubes, but the high pressure necessary during the extrusion casting of the enclosing metal tends to deform the tubes. In order to obtain a high degree of turbulence in the second heat transporting medium the enlarging members should not be formed as longitudinal flanges, but as truncated pyramids, which are arranged according to a pattern which causes a repeated splitting-up of the second medium into a number of part flows, which are soon united, and then immediately splitted-up again, a.s.f.
- A heat exchanger element of the type defined in the preamble to claim 1, is according to the invention characterized by that at least two tubes , having a length exceeding that of the body are located close by each other, and before the casting operations are interconnected outside the expected cast body, that the latter has rectangular cross sections, which narrowly encloses the tubes, and that all four side faces of the body are subdivided by longitudinal and transverse grooves, in such a manner that the surface enlarging contact surfaces for the second heat transporting medium are formed as truncated pyramids arranged in transverse rows, where members in each row are displaced sidewardly one pitch in relation to the members in adjacent rows. The thickness of the material in the body, opposite to a tube, preferably is about equal to the diameter of the tube, the height of the member being about equal to one half of the tube diameter and the width of the grooves subdividing the faces of the body suitably being about equal to the base measure of the members.
- In order to increase the strength of the tubes, these are preferably rilled externally by means of two helical grooves running in opposite directions.
- A compact and efficient heat exchanger element is obtained by including three tubes in each element.
- The invention will below be described with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:
- Fig. 1 schematically shows a perspective view of a heat exchanger element according to the present invention,
- Fig. 2 is a cross section through the element, and
- Fig. 3 shows a portion of a side face of the element.
- The
heat exchanger element 10 shown in Fig. 1 comprises threeparallel tubes 11 of high grade material for conducting a first heat transporting medium. The tubes are located in close relationship, and are, in the ready element, to a considerable part of their lengths enclosed in cast metal having good heat transporting capacity, in such a manner that abody 12 is obtained, having the length "l" in the longitudinal direction of the tubes, and having rectangular cross sections. Thebody 12 is in the drawing indicated with broken lines with a short middle portion in full lines, from which the appearance in the final state will appear. - The
tubes 10 may be made of stainless steel, titanium or the like, as suitable for the type of first heat transporting medium to be used. The ends of the tubes are connectable to upper and lower collecting anddistribution headers - Elements of this type are in a known manner mounted close by each other within a surrounding casing, which governs the flow of the second heat transporting medium along and between the individual elements.
- To reduce costs it is desirable to use
tubes 10 with thin walls, and to increase the possibilities for the tubes to resist the pressure of the molten metal during the extrusion process, the tubes are externally "rilled", i.e. they are mechanically worked so two shallow,indentated grooves 15 are formed, which run helically along the tubes in opposite directions. - The rilling is made only within the portion ("l"), which will be covered by the cast metal. The end parts of the tubes are left un-rilled, whereby they will maintain the cylindrical form, which facilitates the connection to distribution and collecting headers.
- The
tubes 10 are interconnected, for instance by means of short welding seams 16, outside thebody 12. These welding seams will not hamper the flow of metal during the extrusion. - The material in the
body 12 preferably is some kind of light metal alloy, which is easy to extrude, and which easily can be formed so the desired surface enlargement is obtained. The enlargement selected here will be explained in connection with Fig. 2 and 3. Only afew studs 17 are indicated in Fig. 1. - The side faces of the
body 12 is subdivided bytransverse grooves 18 into short pieces, which, by means oflongitudinal grooves studs 17 are obtained in transverse rows. - The
longitudinal grooves transverse groove 18, which means thatstuds 17 in adjacent rows will be displaced one pitch in relation to each other. - The
body 12 is formed so it with a small margin will enclose the tubes, preferably in such a manner that the thickness of the material opposite to atube 11, will be about equal to the tube diameter. The height of thesurface enlarging studs 17 is preferably about equal to one half of the tube diameter. - The transverse and
longitudinal grooves - The
studs 17 will then appear as truncated pyramids, and as thelongitudinal grooves transverse groove 18 only, thestuds 17 will form a zig-zag pattern, where studs in one row will be located directly opposite the groove, 19a or 19b, which cuts through adjacenttransverse groove 18. - In this manner a repeated splitting up of the flow of the second heat transporting medium occurs along the walls of the body in a multitude of part-flows, which are rapidly re-united, to be immediately split up again, and so forth. This brings about an intense turbulence which largely enhances the heat transfer.
- In order that thin-
walled tubes 11 should not be damaged during the extrusion, at least two mutually interconnected tubes should be used. The rilling strengthens the individual tubes. - The number of tubes in each element can vary depending upon the desired capacity. Three tubes with a small diameter will result in a more compact design than two tubes with a somewhat bigger diameter, even if the total internal contact surface is the same, as in the two tubes.
- The embodiment shown in the drawing is an example only of the invention, the details of which may be varied in many ways within the scope of the appended claims. The first heat transporting medium may be electric current, in which case the
tubes 11 will enclose electric resistances.
Claims (5)
- A heat exchanger element in the form of an elongate body (12) comprising tubes (11) of high grade material for a first heat transporting medium and cast into a metal having good heat transferring properties, said body (12) being provided with members (17) for increasing the contact surface towards a second heat transporting medium, characterized in that at least two tubes (11), having a length exceeding that of the body (12) are located close by each other, and before the casting operation are interconnected outside the expected cast body (13), that the latter has rectangular cross sections, which narrowly encloses the tubes (11), and that all four side faces of the body are subdivided by longitudinal and transverse grooves (18, 19a, 19b) in such a manner, that the surface enlarging contact surfaces for the second heat transporting medium are formed as truncated pyramids, arranged in transverse rows, where members in each row are displaced sidewardly one pitch in relation to the members in adjacent rows.
- A heat exchanger element according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the material in the body (12), opposite to a tube (11) is about equal to the diameter of the tube (11), the height of the members (17) being about equal to one half of the tube diameter.
- A heat exchanger according to either of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the width of the grooves (18, 19a, 19b) subdividing the faces of the body is about equal to the base measure of the members (17).
- A heat exchanger element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubes (11) are rilled externally by means of two helical grooves (15) running in opposite directions.
- A heat exchanger element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the number of tubes (11) is three.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT92850005T ATE103063T1 (en) | 1991-01-15 | 1992-01-13 | HEAT EXCHANGE ELEMENT. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE9100124A SE467803B (en) | 1991-01-15 | 1991-01-15 | HEAT EXCHANGE ELEMENT CONSISTING OF CLOSELY LOCATED PIPES INSTALLED IN A METAL BODY WITH GOOD CONDUCTIVITY, WHERE THE BODY IS PROVIDED WITH SURFACE-BASED ELEMENTS IN THE FORM OF STRUCTURED PYRAMIDS |
SE9100124 | 1991-01-15 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0495762A1 true EP0495762A1 (en) | 1992-07-22 |
EP0495762B1 EP0495762B1 (en) | 1994-03-16 |
Family
ID=20381623
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92850005A Expired - Lifetime EP0495762B1 (en) | 1991-01-15 | 1992-01-13 | A heat exchanger element |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0495762B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH0798260B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE103063T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69200068T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2056702T3 (en) |
SE (1) | SE467803B (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0690281A1 (en) * | 1994-06-27 | 1996-01-03 | Intergas B.V. | Method for construction of a heat exchanger and a heat exchanger |
CN103502763A (en) * | 2011-05-06 | 2014-01-08 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Heat exchanger and refrigeration cycle device provided with same |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1840651A (en) * | 1929-10-21 | 1932-01-12 | D J Murray Mfg Company | Heat transfer unit |
US2405722A (en) * | 1943-02-27 | 1946-08-13 | Charles J Villier | Heat exchange structure |
US2606992A (en) * | 1950-03-27 | 1952-08-12 | Harry F Macdonald | Air heater |
EP0153363A1 (en) * | 1983-08-26 | 1985-09-04 | Karl Ostbo | A heat exchanger. |
-
1991
- 1991-01-15 SE SE9100124A patent/SE467803B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1992
- 1992-01-13 EP EP92850005A patent/EP0495762B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-01-13 ES ES92850005T patent/ES2056702T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-01-13 AT AT92850005T patent/ATE103063T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-01-13 DE DE69200068T patent/DE69200068T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-01-13 JP JP4003836A patent/JPH0798260B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1840651A (en) * | 1929-10-21 | 1932-01-12 | D J Murray Mfg Company | Heat transfer unit |
US2405722A (en) * | 1943-02-27 | 1946-08-13 | Charles J Villier | Heat exchange structure |
US2606992A (en) * | 1950-03-27 | 1952-08-12 | Harry F Macdonald | Air heater |
EP0153363A1 (en) * | 1983-08-26 | 1985-09-04 | Karl Ostbo | A heat exchanger. |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0690281A1 (en) * | 1994-06-27 | 1996-01-03 | Intergas B.V. | Method for construction of a heat exchanger and a heat exchanger |
NL9401061A (en) * | 1994-06-27 | 1996-02-01 | Intergas B V | Method for manufacturing a heat exchanger and a heat exchanger. |
CN103502763A (en) * | 2011-05-06 | 2014-01-08 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Heat exchanger and refrigeration cycle device provided with same |
EP2706318A1 (en) * | 2011-05-06 | 2014-03-12 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Heat exchanger and refrigeration cycle device provided with same |
EP2706318A4 (en) * | 2011-05-06 | 2014-11-19 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Heat exchanger and refrigeration cycle device provided with same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2056702T3 (en) | 1994-10-01 |
SE9100124L (en) | 1992-07-16 |
ATE103063T1 (en) | 1994-04-15 |
JPH06134565A (en) | 1994-05-17 |
JPH0798260B2 (en) | 1995-10-25 |
SE467803B (en) | 1992-09-14 |
SE9100124D0 (en) | 1991-01-15 |
EP0495762B1 (en) | 1994-03-16 |
DE69200068T2 (en) | 1994-08-25 |
DE69200068D1 (en) | 1994-04-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5285845A (en) | Heat exchanger element | |
DE10392610B4 (en) | Improved heat exchanger | |
EP0271319B1 (en) | Method of making a heat exchanger assembly with integral fin units | |
DE69216389T2 (en) | OFFSET STRIP-SHAPED RIB FOR A COMPACT HEAT EXCHANGER | |
DE69019633T2 (en) | Duplex heat exchanger. | |
DE69401434T2 (en) | FIBER TUBE FOR HEAT EXCHANGERS FOR AIR CONDITIONING AND COOLING SYSTEMS AND CORRESPONDING HEAT EXCHANGERS | |
DE10326381B4 (en) | turbulence generator | |
EP0153363B1 (en) | A heat exchanger | |
WO1998051983A1 (en) | Heat exchanger | |
DE102011108892B4 (en) | capacitor | |
EP0845647A1 (en) | Flat tube heat exchanger with twisted tube ends | |
EP0162827A2 (en) | Tube for heat exchanger | |
DE19950660A1 (en) | Cooling arrangement for an electric motor consisting of a cylindrical outer jacket through which a coolant liquid circulates | |
DE4432972A1 (en) | Heat exchanger having two rows of tubes (pipes), in particular for motor vehicles | |
GB2090651A (en) | Improvements Relating to Heat Exchangers | |
DE102005058153B4 (en) | Heat exchanger with multi-channel flat tubes | |
EP0495762B1 (en) | A heat exchanger element | |
DE112009001655T5 (en) | Packings for towers for heat and mass transfer | |
DE69410022T2 (en) | Heat exchanger | |
DE10112697A1 (en) | Heat transfer radiator has adjacent segments with connection regions for insertion into each other | |
EP0179381A1 (en) | Heat exchanger elements and method of manufacturing | |
CA2305508A1 (en) | Modular heat exchanger and method of making | |
DE10210016B9 (en) | Heat exchange tube with a ribbed inner surface | |
DE202004020294U1 (en) | Heat exchanger has wall comprising of burls and two half shafts such that first half shaft exhibits shorter rising and longer sloping section and related to center planes in which connecting lines exists | |
EP1166025B1 (en) | Multiblock heat-transfer system |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19930120 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19930408 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY Effective date: 19940316 Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19940316 Ref country code: LI Effective date: 19940316 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 19940316 Ref country code: DK Effective date: 19940316 Ref country code: CH Effective date: 19940316 Ref country code: BE Effective date: 19940316 Ref country code: AT Effective date: 19940316 |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 103063 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19940415 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69200068 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19940421 |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PT Effective date: 19940616 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2056702 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19950131 |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 19991230 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20000112 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20000120 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20000131 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20000224 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20010113 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20010115 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20010801 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20010113 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20010928 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 20010801 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20011101 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20020916 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20050113 |