EP0494612B1 - Roofing slab for sloping roofs - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a roofing slab for sloping roofs, which consists of a slab (9) of concrete and acts as a support for roof coverings. Such slabs are normally very thick in order to meet the static requirements. To permit a type of construction distinguished by its light weight, the slab is provided with a reinforcement (14) comprising a lower boom (15) running inside the slab and a web (16) projecting upwards out of the slab, and having fastening elements (19) above the slab surface, to which fastening elements cross-beams (18) can be fastened as a supporting structure for the roof covering. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a roof panel for pitched roofs, which consists of a plate made of hardenable material and acts as a support for the roof covering, the plate being provided with a reinforcement having webs projecting upwards from the plate, at least the one from the plate protruding part made of stainless steel or is provided with corrosion protection and has fastening elements to which cross members can be fastened as a substructure for the roof covering.

Conventional roofs generally have a wooden truss and purlin roof truss that supports the roof covering.

Such a roof structure has to be created by carpenters in a relatively complex manner. The increasing scarcity of such skilled workers and the general desire to rationalize the production of residential houses increases the demand for roofs that can be manufactured industrially.

From DE-OS 32 10 607 it is known to produce roof panels for sloping roofs in the form of hollow panels made of concrete.

Since the roof panel not only carries its own weight, but also the weight of the roof covering and the weight of snow loads, the concrete slab must be made very thick so that it can withstand these loads with the appropriate security.

This known roof panel is therefore very difficult and relatively difficult to handle both during transport from the factory to the construction site and during installation on the construction site.

Furthermore, a roof element of the type described above is known from FR-A 24 85 595. This roof element can be transported rolled up and is only applied to a roof structure of the conventional type at the construction site. Without such a roof structure, this element, which is flexible due to its rollability, cannot absorb the forces resulting from the roof covering, because the bending and tensile forces acting on the element are derived by the rafters of the roof structure. In addition, the roof truss is basically necessary for fastening the non-rigid roof element.

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a roof panel for pitched roofs which has a low dead weight but nevertheless has high stability and load-bearing capacity, without having to rely on a conventional roof truss for this. The roof panel should be inexpensive to manufacture and quick and easy to cover. Last but not least, it should also be characterized by good thermal insulation.

The object of the invention is achieved in that the plate (9), which is made in particular of concrete or concrete-like materials, is self-supporting, for which purpose the reinforcement protruding from the plate is arranged along the roof slope and has continuous lower chords within the plate that the plate passes through at its top an additional layer of insulating material is covered and the fastening elements for the crossbeams are arranged above the insulating material, and that the plate has at least one metal stop surface in the area of its support, which corresponds to a support (12) mounted on the house wall or ceiling.

The advantage of the object of the invention lies in the fact that the reinforcement absorbs a substantial part of the forces acting on the roof panel, so that the plate can be made thin-walled and single-layered and is accordingly easy to transport and to handle. On the other hand, the invention makes it possible to fall back on a construction which has been tried and tested in the ceiling area. While there it functions as the lower formwork for the cast-in-place concrete, it is further developed according to the invention for use as a roof panel in that it no longer functions as a formwork panel, but rather as a support for the roof covering. The otherwise usual lattice girder reinforcement must be replaced by one with corrosion protection, in particular by galvanized reinforcement and the space between the above webs is filled with insulating material. This gives a roof panel that can run self-supporting without intermediate supports over the entire height of the attic and, in particular, no longer requires the usual structure of a roof structure made of purlins and rafters.

In order to anchor the roof panel, it has at least one metal stop surface in the area of its support on the eaves, which corresponds to a support mounted on the ceiling. This support can have a cylindrical support surface with a horizontal axis in order to facilitate the pivoting of the roof panel to the desired angle of inclination. In addition, the support can be horizontally and / or vertically adjustable so that the roof panel can still be aligned.

The reinforcement protruding from the slab runs along the roof slope. The lower flange enclosed by the plate material absorbs the tensile forces, while the upwardly projecting web absorbs the bending moments and compressive forces and at the same time carries the fastening elements for the roof covering.

So that the roof panel also has sufficient strength in the transverse direction, cross bars extending approximately perpendicular to the lower chords are expediently embedded in the plate. Instead, mesh mats can also be used.

So that the roof overhangs cause little heat loss, it is recommended that the plate has a transverse slot in the area of the eaves, which is filled with an insulating body and crossed by the reinforcement. For the same purpose, the plate can also have a slot running along the roof slope in the area of the verge, which also has an insulating body is filled and in this case a reinforcement running across it is crossed. In both cases, the reinforcement expediently has a lower chord and an upper chord.

In this context, it is particularly favorable if the stop surface is integrated into a recess of the plate without protruding parts, specifically in the middle of the vertical plate. This simplifies transport and storage of the roof panels. In addition, you only have one bearing point per roof panel, which makes it easier to assemble and align it.

T or I beams are suitable as reinforcement, the lower flange of which is cast into the plate. However, reinforcement made of lattice girders is particularly expedient, in which the web is formed by bar elements running obliquely, preferably at approximately 45 °, between the upper and lower chord is formed because you can then fall back on the existing production facilities for reinforced slab ceilings.

Angle hooks, staples, eyelets or the like, into which the roof battens are inserted or inserted, can be used to fasten the cross members.

In the case of metallic materials, the fastening elements can be welded on; in the case of other materials, screwing on or the like can be considered.

In order to be able to use roof tiles of different shapes and sizes, it is advantageous if the reinforcement carries a wooden slat parallel to itself on its upper edge or on the outside of its upper flange. This allows the spacing of the crossbeams, particularly the usual roof battens, to be easily adjusted on site.

It is also possible to design the fasteners so that they themselves act as cross members. This is an inexpensive variant.

Because of its smooth underside, the roof panel according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in removable attics. In this context, particularly high-quality thermal insulation is recommended. For this purpose, it has proven to be particularly advantageous not to use the usual insulating mats, but to produce the insulation by foaming directly on the plate. As a result, the rod elements projecting upward from the plate are optimally enclosed.

The roof area is often so large that it cannot be covered with a single roof panel. In such cases, it is expedient if the roof panel has elements, in particular metal elements that are concreted in, for firm and flush connection to a neighboring panel on its side region. This enables the formation of a statically homogeneous pane as a roof surface.

In order to stably support the roof panels in the ridge area, the plates in the ridge area can be shaped like a battlement, so that they overlap and are supported there with a counterpart. The plates lying opposite one another can also be firmly connected to one another by a corresponding clamp or by an adapted welding base. Both on the ridge and on the side, the fastening elements for connection to the neighboring slabs should be concreted in so that they are flush with the contour of the slab. Corrosion-protected materials are preferably used as the material.

The roof panel according to the invention can also have recesses in the middle area into which a roof window or dormer can be inserted or through which a chimney, a ventilation pipe or an antenna rod can be guided through the roof.

Fig. 1

Prinzipskizze eines mit erfindungsgemäßen Dachtafeln bedeckten Hauses,

Fig. 2

Schnitt durch ein Dach aus erfindungsgemäßen Dachtafeln,

Fig. 2a

Schnitt durch eine Dachtafel entlang der Linie IIa-IIa in Fig. 2

Fig. 3 und 4

alternative Dachtafel aufbauten gemäß Fig. 2,

Fig. 5

Schnitt durch eine Dachtafel entlang der Linie V-V in Fig. 4.

Fig. 5a

eine Unteransicht des Schweißgrundes gemäß der Linie Va-Va in Fig. 5

Fig. 6

eine Draufsicht auf einen Dachtafel ausschnitt im Giebel- und Traufenbereich

In Fig. 1 ist die Prinzipskizze eines Hauses 1 dargestellt, dessen Dachstuhl sich aus erfindungsgemäßen Dachtafeln 2 zusammensetzt. Es ist ersichtlich, daß die Dachtafeln 2 außer für ein einfaches Satteldach auch für an dere Dachformen (Walmdach etc.) verwendet werden können.Further features and advantages of the invention result from the following description of exemplary embodiments. It shows

Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of a house covered with roof panels according to the invention,

Fig. 2

Section through a roof from roof panels according to the invention,

Fig. 2a

Section through a roof panel along the line IIa-IIa in Fig. 2nd

3 and 4

alternative roof panel structures according to FIG. 2,

Fig. 5

Section through a roof panel along the line VV in Fig. 4th

Fig. 5a

a bottom view of the weld base along the line Va-Va in Fig. 5th

Fig. 6

a plan view of a roof panel cutout in the gable and eaves area

In Fig. 1 the schematic diagram of a house 1 is shown, the roof structure of which is composed of roof panels 2 according to the invention. It can be seen that the roof panels 2 can be used for other roof shapes (hip roof etc.) in addition to a simple saddle roof.

In the example shown, several roof panels 2, each of which extends in one piece from the ridge 3 to the eaves edge 4, lie flush next to one another. However, it is also possible to produce roof panels that run in one piece over the entire width of the roof.

In Fig. 1, a dormer 5 is attached to one of the roof panels 2, and an auxiliary roof 6 of an extension is connected.

In contrast to conventional roof trusses, the throats 7, 8 that arise at the joints of the dormer 5 and the secondary roof 6 with the roof panels 2 do not have to be equipped with a separate one Bars are executed. These beams are unnecessary due to the self-supporting plate structure of the roof panel 2.

2 shows the section through a roof made of roof panels according to the invention:
The roof panel has a plate-shaped base body 9 made of concrete or lightweight concrete, which is reinforced according to the structural requirements, and extends essentially in one piece from the ridge 3 to the eaves edge 4.

On the ridge 3, the plate 9 is crenellated and is supported there on its counterpart 10 lying on the other roof side, a projecting tooth on the plate 9 engaging in a corresponding gap on the counterpart 10 and vice versa. A possible stapling of the plate 9 with its counterpart 10 by a welded-in concrete is not shown.

At its other end, the plate 9 has at least one metal stop surface 11b, which is concreted in concrete and which interacts with a support shoe 11.

In order to be able to align the plate 9, the support shoe 11 comprises an adjusting screw 11a with which the position of the plate 9 can be adjusted via the pressure plate 11b.

The support shoe 11 can be adjusted in the vertical direction to unevenness of the upper wall end 12 to which he is attached. Usually, the highest lying support shoe is chosen as the reference dimension and all other support shoes are aligned accordingly by relining.

For horizontal adjustment, the support shoe 11 is provided with an elongated hole 11c, which corresponds to an anchor bolt 11d integrated in the upper wall closure 12 or in the ceiling 13. On the anchor bolt 11d sits a nut 11e, which presses on a washer 11f provided with a hole. The washer 11f connects positively to the support shoe 11 by means of a toothing, not shown, and thus fixes it.

The upper wall end 12 can end as in the example shown with a ceiling 13 or the wall can be extended beyond the ceiling 13 and form a knee support bearing the shoe 11 and thus the roof.

However, it is also within the scope of the invention to dispense with individual, adjustable support shoes and instead to fix the supports to a steel girder that extends over the entire roof width, so that only this one steel girder has to be leveled and aligned horizontally. A metal block that protrudes upwards and protrudes into a corresponding recess in the concrete slab and there corresponds with a stop surface cast into the concrete slab is then sufficient.

The plate 9 is reinforced with several Lattice girders 14 arranged in parallel are provided, the lower flange 15 of which runs inside the plate and is surrounded on all sides by the concrete of the plate, and the web of which is composed of individual bars 16 which are welded to the lower flange 15 at approximately 45 ° and protrude from the plate. The bottom goods are connected to the cross bars, not shown, so that the plate is reinforced in the longitudinal and transverse directions.

At their upper end, the bars 16 carry a rectilinear top flange 17, on which cross girders 18, which carry the roof covering, are fastened to one another at a fixed grid spacing.

This roof covering can consist of roof tiles or other elements which are hung or placed on the cross members 18. In the conventional tile covering, the cross beams 18 are formed by the usual wooden roof battens.

2 and 2a, the cross members 18 are nailed to a wooden slat 19 running parallel to the upper flange 17 designed as a folding plate. This construction has the advantage that the position of the individual cross members 18 can still be varied on the construction site.

In the ridge area, the roof panel has a vent 20, which allows the roof covering to be ventilated.

In addition, the roof panel carries on the eaves edge 4 an eaves end board 21 with which the roof panel is given a visual finish.

At its top is the plate 9 with insulating material 22 coated. This insulating material is preferably applied by foaming, so that the bars 16 of the reinforcement are enclosed by the insulating material. The insulating layer can extend over the entire height of the rib support; but it can also end below the top chord 17 - according to the building physics requirements.

As FIG. 2 further shows, the lower end of the insulating layer 22 is followed by an insulating body 23 integrated into the plate 9 in the eaves area, and underneath is the wall insulation 24. The house is therefore completely and completely surrounded by insulation.

The insulating body 23, which runs in the region of the support of the plate 9 on the wall termination 12 over the entire width of the plate, achieves a thermal decoupling of the part 25 of the plate 9 projecting into the open. So the plate 9 can not dissipate heat from the top floor via the part 25 to the environment.

For the same purpose, the end plates 9 in the gable area have a slot running in the direction of the roof slope, which is filled by an insulating body 23a. It can be seen from FIG. 6 that this effectively isolates the roof overhangs exposed to the cold from the rest of the roof area.

In both cases it is essential that the reinforcement runs through the insulating bodies 23 and 23a in order to keep the roof overhangs. In the case of the eaves-side roof overhang, the reinforcement is already there used. With regard to the gable-side protrusions, a transverse reinforcement must be concreted into the plate 9. The upper chords 17a are visible in FIG.

In Fig. 3, a different attachment for the cross member 18 is proposed: On the upper flange 17 of the lattice girder 14, fastening elements for the cross member are welded at a fixed distance. In the example shown, it is a question of folded flat iron 26, into which transverse roof battens are inserted.

4 and 5 show a further structure of a possible roof structure.

A wooden slat 19 is clamped to the upper flange 17, which is designed as a round bar. This carries a planking 27 acting as an under-roof, which is covered with a layer of roofing felt 28. On this roofing paper a counter battens 29 is attached, which in turn carries the cross member 30.

In the example shown here, the cross members 30 shown consist of folded sheet metal supports which run over the entire width of the panel and can be used like normal wooden roof battens for hanging roof tiles.

The construction becomes considerably more cost-effective if the upper chord 17 has a U-profile which is open at the top and into which wooden slats 19 are inserted, onto which the transverse slats 18 are nailed directly. The U-profile can act directly as a top chord, thus replacing the previous pressure bar. Instead, the U-profile can also be welded onto the top flange of a conventional ribbed beam.

5 and 5a also shows an abutting edge between two adjacent plates 9 and 9a. In order to achieve a firm connection between the plates, the two plates 9 and 9a have welded cans 31 and 31a incorporated on their side edges, which lie exactly opposite one another in the case of assembled plates and butt with one another with their edges, so that they are fixed with a weld seam 32 can be connected. The cavity formed by the welding cans and open to the inside of the roof can be subsequently plastered.

In order to facilitate the handling of the panels during their assembly on the roof structure, it is advisable to stop the insulation shortly before the side panel edges. As a result, the plates can be gripped and aligned better by the operating personnel. The connecting elements to be welded to one another, that is to say, for example, the welding cans 31 and 31a, are then more accessible. After welding, this non-insulated area above the butt joints is then filled with insulating material and finally the cross members 18, for example conventional roof battens, are mounted on the fastening elements of the upper straps.

Finally, it is advisable to have the roof panel manufactured by the manufacturer for later installation of the gutter prepare. For this purpose, in the eaves area, the plate 9 has a plurality of metallic fastening elements which follow one another in the transverse direction and which are concreted into the plate in alignment, expediently on their underside. These fasteners are preferably made of galvanized steel, stainless steel or other corrosion-resistant materials.

In summary, the present invention allows roofs to be erected extremely inexpensively and quickly. The hitherto required assembly of a roof structure made of purlins and rafters is superfluous, you get an insulation integrated in the roof panel, which is already largely finished by the manufacturer, and last but not least you get a flat, paperable bottom side of the roof panel.

Claims (21)

1. Roofing slab for sloping roofs which comprises a plate (9) of age-hardenable material and functions as a support for the roofing, the plate (9) being provided with a reinforcement (14) which comprises bars (16) projecting upwards out of the plate (9), at least the part projecting out of the plate consisting of stainless steel or being provided with protection against corrosion and comprising securing elements (19, 26) to which transverse girders (18, 30) can be secured as a substructure for the roofing, characterized in that the plate (9) which is made in particular of concrete or concrete-like substances is self-supporting, to which end the reinforcement (14) projecting out of the plate is disposed along the roof slope and comprises continuous lower booms (15) inside the plate; in that the plate is covered in a laminar manner on its upper side by an additional layer of insulating material (22) and the securing elements for the transverse girders are disposed above the insulating material; and in that the plate (9) comprises in the area of its support at least one metal abutment surface (11b) which corresponds to a support (12) mounted on the house wall or ceiling.
2. Roofing slab according to Claim 1, characterized in that the plate (9) comprises at the lower end a transverse slot which is filled with an insulating body (23) and is traversed by the reinforcement (14).
3. Roofing slab according to Claim 1, characterized in that the plate (9) comprises in the side area a slot which ends along the plate, which is filled with an insulating body (23a) and which is traversed by a reinforcement (14a).
4. Roofing slab according to Claim 1, characterized in that the abutment surface (11b) is disposed in a recess in the plate (9).
5. Roofing slab according to Claim 1, characterized in that the abutment surface (11b) is disposed approximately in the vertical centre of the plate and is advantageously concreted into the plate.
6. Roofing slab according to Claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcement (14) comprises I-beams or lattice girders.
7. Roofing slab according to Claim 1, characterized in that the bars (16) of the reinforcement (14) bear continuous upper booms (17) on which the securing elements (19, 26) for the transverse girders (18, 30) are disposed.
8. Roofing slab according to Claim 1, characterized in that the securing elements (26) are angled hooks, metal brackets, lugs or the like.
9. Roofing slab according to Claim 1, characterized in that the securing elements are formed by wood laths (19) extending on the upper edge of the reinforcement (14) parallel thereto.
10. Roofing slab according to Claim 7, characterized in that the upper boom (17) is a U-shaped profiled member which is open at the top for accommodating a wood lath.
11. Roofing slab according to Claim 1, characterized in that the plate (9) comprises at its side and/or upper end connection elements (31, 31a) for the rigid and flush connection to an adjacent plate (9a, 10).
12. Roofing slab according to Claim 11, characterized in that the connection elements are concreted flush into the plate (9) and consist of corrosion-resistant material, in particular metal.
13. Roofing slab according to Claim 1, characterized in that the plate (9) is crenellated at the upper end.
14. Roofing slab according to Claim 1, characterized in that a trussed beam extending parallel to the plate (9) is disposed between the securing elements (19, 26) and the transverse girders (18, 30).
15. Roofing slab according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises in the central area a recess for a dormer window, a skylight or the like.
16. Roofing slab according to Claim 1, characterized in that the plate (9) is approximately 4 cm to approximately 7 cm, in particular approximately 5 cm, thick.
17. Roofing slab according to Claim 1, characterized in that reinforcing rods are disposed inside the plate (9) transversely to the lower booms (15).
18. Roofing slab according to Claim 1, characterized in that the abutment surface (11b) is secured on the lower booms (15) of the reinforcement (14) or on transverse reinforcing rods.
19. Roofing slab according to Claim 1, characterized in that the plate (9) comprises at the lower end concreted-in securing elements for assembling gutters.
20. Roofing slab according to Claim 1, characterized in that the insulation (22) only extends over part of the width of the plate (1) such that the longitudinal edges, of the plates (9), running in the direction of the roof slope are left at least partially free as a gripping area for assembly.
21. Method of constructing a roof with roofing slabs according to any one of Claims 1 to 20, the roofing slabs being set down with the desired inclination and supported on the house in the eaves and gable area, characterized in that adjacent plates are firstly connected to one another; in that subsequently the area above the butt joints which is not yet insulated is filled with insulating material and finally the transverse roofing slabs are mounted.

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