EP0489632B1 - Coupleur hybride hyperfréquence à 3xN entrées et 3xM sorties, notamment coupleur 3x3 - Google Patents

Coupleur hybride hyperfréquence à 3xN entrées et 3xM sorties, notamment coupleur 3x3 Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0489632B1
EP0489632B1 EP91403242A EP91403242A EP0489632B1 EP 0489632 B1 EP0489632 B1 EP 0489632B1 EP 91403242 A EP91403242 A EP 91403242A EP 91403242 A EP91403242 A EP 91403242A EP 0489632 B1 EP0489632 B1 EP 0489632B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coupler
inputs
outputs
segments
characteristic impedance
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP91403242A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0489632A1 (fr
Inventor
Antoine Roederer
Carlos Maximo Martin Pascual
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Agence Spatiale Europeenne
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Agence Spatiale Europeenne
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/19—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port of the junction type
    • H01P5/22—Hybrid ring junctions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to hybrid couplers for microwave frequencies.
  • these couplers are components with four ports or ports, namely two inputs and two outputs, in which a signal applied to one of the inputs sees its power divided by two and restored to the two outputs, the input not powered being isolated.
  • the vectors representative of the complex voltages are orthogonal, that is to say that the complex voltages, which are of the same amplitude, are presented in quadrature or in opposition as for their phase relation.
  • hybrid couplers which, while retaining the above isolation properties between the inputs and orthogonality of the complex voltage vectors at output, have a number of inputs and outputs greater than two.
  • Butler matrices and so-called generalized couplers are examples of such multiple access couplers.
  • These multiple access couplers generally consist of elementary hybrid couplers with four ports combined together by transmission lines. In principle, they have a number of inputs and a number of outputs which are always powers of two, and furthermore comprise intersecting transmission lines, which complicates their manufacture.
  • Such components would make it possible to extend the production of generalized couplers by greatly simplifying the production of matrices whose number of inputs or outputs is a multiple of three, for example square matrices 3x3, 6x6, 9x9, etc. or rectangular 3x6, 6x3, 3x9, etc.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose such a microwave coupler with three isolated and adapted inputs each producing at the three outputs a uniform distribution in amplitude and orthogonal to those corresponding to the other inputs, as well as generalized couplers using such elementary 3x3 couplers. .
  • This coupler which is illustrated schematically in Figure 1, has three inputs, 1, 3 and 5 and three outputs 2, 4 and 6 connected essentially by the elements referenced 20, namely three transmission lines 21 arranged symmetrically and connected transversely by two series sleepers 22, 23; this configuration realizes, in the area between elements 21, 22 and 23, square coupling regions realizing the power distribution between the three lines 21. So that the phases of the signals on the three outputs 2, 4 and 6 are uniformly phase-shifted between them by 120 °, a phase shifting circuit 24 is introduced into one of the lines. This circuit 24, which adds a phase shift of 120 ° thus makes it possible to obtain the desired phase relationship between the outputs.
  • the present invention proposes to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a 3 ⁇ 3 coupler of the aforementioned type but produced in an essentially planar configuration, therefore suitable for being produced in a wide variety of technologies such as microstrip line, triplate line, coaxial line square, in so - called bar-line technology , etc.
  • the coupler of the invention which is of the hybrid microwave coupler type with six ports comprising three inputs and three isolated and adapted outputs, where a signal applied to any one of these inputs produces distributed signals at the three outputs. with phase shifts of 120 ° in phase and uniformly in amplitude, is characterized by a planar configuration of transmission lines comprising: an internal ring formed of three similar segments, the junction points of these segments constituting the first three accesses, inputs or outputs, the coupler; an outer ring formed of three similar segments, the junction points of these segments constituting three second ports, respectively outputs or inputs, of the coupler; and three radial branches, connecting together the junction points of the segments of the inner ring to the homologous junction points of the outer ring.
  • ⁇ being the guided wavelength
  • the values of the lengths being considered modulo ⁇
  • Zo being the characteristic impedance of the input and output lines
  • the segments of the internal crown are of length ⁇ / 3 and of characteristic impedance Zo
  • the segments of the external crown are of length ⁇ / 3 or 4 ⁇ / 3 and of characteristic impedance Zo
  • the radial branches are of length ⁇ / 12 and of characteristic impedance Zo.
  • the segments of the inner ring are of length ⁇ / 3 and of characteristic impedance Zo / 2
  • the segments of the outer ring are of length ⁇ / 3 and of characteristic impedance Zo / 2
  • the radial branches are of length 5 ⁇ / 12 and of characteristic impedance Zo.
  • the invention also covers the generalized hybrid microwave couplers with 3 ⁇ N inputs and 3 ⁇ M outputs isolated and adapted, N and M being natural integers, where a signal applied to any one of the 3 ⁇ N inputs produces a uniform distribution of signals at the 3 ⁇ M outputs, in which, N and M being greater than 1, the generalized coupler is formed by combination of a plurality of elementary couplers 3x3 of the type indicated above as well as, optionally, 2x2 couplers of conventional type.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows a 3x3 coupler of the prior art.
  • Figure 2 shows the 3x3 coupler of the invention, seen in plan.
  • Figures 3 and 4 are sectional views of the coupler of Figure 2, produced respectively in microstrip line and in triplate line.
  • FIG. 5 is a homologous plan view of FIG. 2, for an alternative embodiment more particularly suitable for production in a microstrip line.
  • FIG. 6 shows an example of a 9x9 coupler produced by combining a plurality of 3x3 couplers according to the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a variant of FIG. 6, in which the coupling of the various inputs and outputs of the elementary couplers has been carried out without crossing lines.
  • FIG. 8 is an example of a 6x6 coupler produced by combining 3x3 couplers according to the invention and 2x2 couplers of the type classic.
  • references 1 to 18 designate the different ports of the coupler entirely independently of the various embodiments; by convention, even numbers refer to inputs and odd numbers to outputs.
  • the coupler 30 according to the invention.
  • This essentially comprises three radial branches 31 equiangularly arranged, connecting the inputs 1, 3 or 5 to the homologous outputs 2, 4 or 6, respectively, of the coupler.
  • the inputs 1, 3 and 5 are connected to each other by an internal crown formed by three similar segments 32, while the outputs 2, 4 and 6 are connected to each other by an external crown formed by three similar segments 33.
  • additional radial branches 31 ′ connecting the internal crown to the external crown at points thereof situated in intermediate regions between the respective junction points.
  • a microwave signal applied to any of the inputs 1, 3 or 5 is restored to the three outputs 2, 4 and 6 with nominally equal amplitudes.
  • Two of the output phases are equal, the third being nominally at 120 ° relative to the other two.
  • the other two unused inputs are nominally decoupled. From the point of view of impedances, the entire component is nominally adapted.
  • this component can be produced in a wide variety of technologies, for example in microstrip line, in triplate line, in coaxial line of circular, rectangular or square section, in coaxial square line, in so-called bar technology. line, etc.
  • FIG. 3 there is thus shown, in section, in FIG. 3 an embodiment in microstrip line, with a metallization 34 deposited on a substrate 35 or, in FIG. 4, an embodiment in triplate line with a central conductor 36 disposed between two ground planes 37 and 38.
  • all the segments 31, 32 or 33 have the same characteristic impedance Zo as the input and output lines.
  • the radial segments 31 have a length equal to ⁇ / 12
  • the segments 32 have a length ⁇ / 3
  • the segments 33 have a length 3 ⁇ / 4.
  • modulo ⁇ is given modulo ⁇ .
  • the radial segments 31 have a characteristic impedance Zo equal to that of the input and output lines, while the segments 32 and 33 of the inner and outer rings have a characteristic impedance equal to Zo / 2.
  • the length of the radial segments 31 is 5 ⁇ / 12 and that of the segments 32 and 33 of the inner and outer rings, of ⁇ / 3. It will be noted that, for the segments 33 of the outer ring, it may be advantageous, as illustrated in FIG.
  • Figures 6 to 8 illustrate embodiments of generalized couplers having a number of inputs and outputs greater than three, obtained by combination of 3x3 couplers of the type just described ( Figure 4).
  • the manner of combining couplers with each other is in itself well known in the art, and explained in detail for example in the article by Shelton and Kelleher mentioned above. These generalized couplers will therefore only be described very succinctly.
  • FIG. 6 a 9x9 coupler has been described, with eighteen access referenced 1 to 18, made by combining six elementary 3x3 couplers, referenced 30.
  • FIG. 7 If one wishes to avoid the crossing of the lines connecting between them the inputs and outputs of the various elementary couplers 30, one can choose the configuration illustrated in FIG. 7, which lends itself particularly well to an entirely planar embodiment (for example in microstrip line). : to avoid crossing the lines, there are two additional 3x3 couplers 30 ′ and 30 dos placed back to back, so that the signal applied to access 1 ′ is found on access 1 ⁇ , that applied to l 'access 3 ′, on access 3 ", etc., and vice versa.
  • FIG. 8 shows a 6x6 coupler produced by combining two 3x3 elementary couplers according to the invention, referenced 30, with three 2x2 elementary couplers of conventional type, referenced 40; these allow the different inputs 1 and 3, 5 and 7, 9 and 11 to be combined in pairs, respectively, the signals obtained then being applied to the respective inputs of the two 3x3 couplers to be restored to the six outputs 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12.
  • Couplers 6x12, 9x18, 27x27, etc. can be achieved by various combinations of couplers 2x2, 3x3 and 4x4, as described in the aforementioned article of Shelton and Kelleher.

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  • Microwave Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Gyroscopes (AREA)
EP91403242A 1990-12-06 1991-11-29 Coupleur hybride hyperfréquence à 3xN entrées et 3xM sorties, notamment coupleur 3x3 Expired - Lifetime EP0489632B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9015315 1990-12-06
FR9015315A FR2670327A1 (fr) 1990-12-06 1990-12-06 Coupleur hybride hyperfrequence a 3xn entrees et 3xm sorties, notamment coupleur 3x3.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0489632A1 EP0489632A1 (fr) 1992-06-10
EP0489632B1 true EP0489632B1 (fr) 1995-02-15

Family

ID=9402981

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91403242A Expired - Lifetime EP0489632B1 (fr) 1990-12-06 1991-11-29 Coupleur hybride hyperfréquence à 3xN entrées et 3xM sorties, notamment coupleur 3x3

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5237294A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0489632B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPH04302201A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA2056344C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE69107424T2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES2071265T3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2670327A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5903827A (en) * 1995-07-07 1999-05-11 Fujitsu Compound Semiconductor, Inc. Single balanced frequency downconverter for direct broadcast satellite transmissions and hybrid ring signal combiner
US5760741A (en) * 1996-04-09 1998-06-02 Trw Inc. Beam forming network for multiple-beam-feed sharing antenna system
US5883552A (en) * 1997-11-04 1999-03-16 Hughes Electronics Corporation Microwave power divider/combiner structures
US6822531B2 (en) * 2002-07-31 2004-11-23 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Switched-frequency power dividers/combiners
US7026885B2 (en) * 2003-05-30 2006-04-11 Lucent Technologies Inc. Low-loss coupler

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2784381A (en) * 1948-10-05 1957-03-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Hybrid ring coupling arrangements
BE518176A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1952-05-08
US3086178A (en) * 1961-06-09 1963-04-16 Gen Electric Directional coupler for individually connecting each of plural inputs, without cross talk, to all of plural outputs
JPS4921974B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1969-06-30 1974-06-05
US4127831A (en) * 1977-02-07 1978-11-28 Riblet Gordon P Branch line directional coupler having an impedance matching network connected to a port
US4328471A (en) * 1980-09-15 1982-05-04 General Electric Company Bandwidth compensated quarter-wave coupled power combiner

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
IRE Transactions on Antennas and Propagations, March 1961, pages 154 to 161, J-P- Shelton and K.S. Kelleher, "Multiple Beams from Linear Arrays" *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2056344C (fr) 1995-06-13
DE69107424T2 (de) 1995-06-29
US5237294A (en) 1993-08-17
ES2071265T3 (es) 1995-06-16
FR2670327B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1993-02-26
DE69107424D1 (de) 1995-03-23
JPH04302201A (ja) 1992-10-26
FR2670327A1 (fr) 1992-06-12
EP0489632A1 (fr) 1992-06-10

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