EP0487355B1 - Trépan de forage - Google Patents

Trépan de forage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0487355B1
EP0487355B1 EP91310787A EP91310787A EP0487355B1 EP 0487355 B1 EP0487355 B1 EP 0487355B1 EP 91310787 A EP91310787 A EP 91310787A EP 91310787 A EP91310787 A EP 91310787A EP 0487355 B1 EP0487355 B1 EP 0487355B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
elongate
crown
working
particles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91310787A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0487355A1 (fr
Inventor
Aulette Stewart
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
De Beers Industrial Diamond Division Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
De Beers Industrial Diamond Division Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by De Beers Industrial Diamond Division Pty Ltd filed Critical De Beers Industrial Diamond Division Pty Ltd
Publication of EP0487355A1 publication Critical patent/EP0487355A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0487355B1 publication Critical patent/EP0487355B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
    • E21B10/48—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of core type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
    • E21B10/48—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of core type
    • E21B10/485—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of core type with inserts in form of chisels, blades or the like

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a drill bit.
  • Rotary drills comprise a rotatable crown having one end threaded for engagement with a drill rod, stringer or adapter coupling, and a working portion which presents a working or cutting face at the other end.
  • the working portion comprises a plurality of cutting elements firmly held in a suitable bonding matrix.
  • the bonding matrix may contain an alloy such as bronze cementing together hard particles such as tungsten carbide, tungsten, iron or cobalt.
  • the cutting elements may be made of a variety of hard material such as diamond, cubic boron nitride, cemented carbide and abrasive compact.
  • Abrasive compacts consist essentially of a mass of abrasive particles present in an amount of at least 70 percent, preferably 80 to 90 percent by volume of the compact bonded into a hard conglomerate.
  • Compacts are polycrystalline masses containing a substantial amount of direct particle-to-particle bonding.
  • the abrasive particles of the compacts are invariably ultra-hard abrasives such as diamond and cubic boron nitride.
  • Diamond compacts are also known in the art as polycrystalline diamond or PCD.
  • Diamond compacts which are thermally stable at temperatures above 700°C are known in the art and are used, for example, as the cutting elements in rotary drills. Examples of such compacts are described in United States Patent Specifications Nos. 4,534,773, 4,793,828 and 4,224,380.
  • European Patent Publication No. 0 156 235 describes and claims a diamond cutter insert for use in a drill bit which comprises a plurality of thermally stable polycrystalline diamond cutting elements each characterised by a longitudinal axis and held in a matrix material in such manner that the longitudinal axes of the elements are generally mutually parallel.
  • the cutter insert may be mounted on the end of a stud for insertion into a drill bit body. Alternatively, the cutter insert may be bonded directly into the cutting face of the drill bit.
  • the individual polycrystalline diamond cutting elements are said to be capable of having a length of up to 10mm.
  • United States Patent No. 4,190,126 describes a rotary abrasive drilling bit comprising a plurality of cutting elements held in a bonding matrix in a working face of the bit, each element comprising a stick-like body of cemented tungsten carbide which presents a curved cutting edge.
  • European Patent Publication No. 0 391 683 describes a rotatable crown for a rotary drill comprising a working end and an opposite end for engagement in a drill rod, stringer or adapter coupling.
  • the working end has a cutting face and a plurality of discrete, spaced, elongate cutting elements located in the cutting face.
  • the cutting elements are of square or rectangular cross section, each presents a cutting point which is defined by corner of the element and each has a longitudinal axis which extends behind the cutting face.
  • the elements are each made of thermally stable abrasive compact.
  • the abrasive particles will generally have a size of less than 1000 »m (microns). These particles are diamond or cubic boron nitride, with diamond being preferred.
  • the particles may also be particles of thermally stable diamond compact. Such particles may be produced by crushing a thermally stable diamond compact.
  • the abrasive particle concentration in the working face will typically be in the range 20 to 75 concentration.
  • the elongate abrasive elements may be made of thermally stable diamond compact, cemented carbide such as cemented tungsten carbide or other suitable abrasive material. They are preferably made of thermally stable diamond compact such as that sold under the trade name Syndax 3.
  • the elongate abrasive elements will be located in the working end such that the longitudinal axis thereof extends behind the working face and an end thereof is located in the working face.
  • the longitudinal axis may extend perpendicular to the working face or at an angle which will not exceed 45° thereto.
  • the elongate abrasive elements may have rectangular, square or circular cross section and will preferably have a high aspect ratio.
  • the cross sectional area of the elements may be in the range 1 to 4mm2, while the lengths of the elements may be in the range 3 to 8mm.
  • the working face preferably has a radially serrated profile with alternating annular peaks and troughs. With such a working face, the ends of the elongate elements are located in peaks.
  • reference numeral 10 generally indicates the drill bit.
  • the drill bit 10 includes a cylindrical steel bit body 12, having a central passageway 14. Towards one end 16 of the body 12 is provided an internal box screw thread 18 so that the body can be screwed onto a core barrel or drill string (not shown). At the other end 19 of the body 12, is provided a working or cutting portion, generally indicated by reference numeral 20.
  • the working portion 20 comprises an annular component 22 moulded to the end 19 of the body 12, as well as a further annular component 24 moulded integrally with the component 22 and having a radially serrated profile working face 26 which comprises a plurality of annular ridges or peaks 28, and alternating troughs 28A
  • the component 24 comprises a bonding matrix having a mass of diamond particles 29 uniformly distributed therethrough.
  • the component 24 also has a plurality of elongate abrasive elements 30, with the elements 30 extending perpendicularly to the working face 26, as indicated in Figure 2 and 3.
  • the elements 30 are spaced circumferentially about the ridges 28, and the ends 30A of the elements 30 extend into the ridges 28.
  • the elements 30 are located perpendicular to the working face 26 and extend close to the full depth of the component 24.
  • the elements 30 of adjacent ridges are staggered circumferentially, as shown in Figure 4. Other patterns or arrangements of the elements may be used.
  • the elements 30 may be square or circular in cross section, as shown in Figure 5, and their length is typically between 3 and 8mm. Their cross sectional area is typically between 1 and 4mm2. They are thus of high aspect ratio.
  • the elements 30 are of thermally stable diamond compact. Such diamond compacts are known in the art, and do not significantly graphitise when subjected to temperatures of the order of 1200°C in a vacuum, reducing or inert atmosphere. Typically, the compact material from which the elements 30 is formed can be that described in U.S. Patents Nos. 4,224,380, 4,534,773 or 4,793,828 with the last-mentioned being preferred.
  • the thermally stable diamond compact of U.S. 4,793,828 is known by the trade mark Syndax 3.
  • Diamond compacts are manufactured in the form of discs of varying diameter and thickness, and the elements 30 can then be cut from such discs using laser cutting machines.
  • the working portion 20 is formed by moulding it to the body 12.
  • the moulding is effected by locating the elements 30 in position in a graphite mould and surrounding it with an abrasive particle impregnated matrix.
  • the working portion can be formed by the so-called infiltration process.
  • This process comprises loading the mould with powdered metal such as tungsten/tungsten carbide, nickel, iron, cobalt, transition metals selected from Group IV of the Periodic Table of Elements, or combinations thereof.
  • powdered metal such as tungsten/tungsten carbide, nickel, iron, cobalt, transition metals selected from Group IV of the Periodic Table of Elements, or combinations thereof.
  • a bonding alloy which has a comparatively low melting point, is introduced into the matrix powder by melting the bond alloy and allowing it to be drawn into the matrix powder by capillary action. Pressure can be employed subsequent to the infiltration process, if desired.
  • a hot press technique can also be used.
  • metals similar to those described with respect to the infiltration process are used.
  • the metals may also be used in the form of alloys with one another.
  • This technique comprises simultaneous application of heat and pressure to compact the composition, and force the bonding metal to flow uniformally between the more refractory metal particles and to eliminate all or nearly all internal porosity.
  • This process utilises self bonding powders, i.e. powders which already contain the bonding alloy before they are placed in the mould.
  • the result is that the abrasive particles are bonded uniformly and randomly throughout the matrix of the working portion 24.
  • the number of elongate elements 30 spaced circumferentially around each of the peaks or ridges 28, will vary according to the degree of reinforcing abrasiveness required. This will depend largely on the abrasiveness of the rock to be drilled with the bit 10, and will be selected bearing in mind that it is desired to reduce the wear rate of the peaks sufficiently to match the wear rate of the adjacent grooves or troughs in the working portion so that the original face profile of the bit is retained for as long as possible during drilling, continuing beyond the original height of the grooves and into the lower part of the working portion 24.
  • An advantage of the serrated profile is that, in use, high pressure is generated on the rock surface at the peaks. This enables rock, and in particular hard rock, to be fractured more readily, resulting in more efficient breakout of rock between the peaks.
  • Another advantage of this profile is that the surface of the rock being drilled initially reflects a similar serrated profile to that of the working face profile. This particular feature, in which the two matching profiles of the working face and rock face become almost locked together, is advantageous in maintaining radial bit stability while drilling. Thus, there will be a lower tendency for radial vibrations to occur while drilling, resulting in improved hole size integrity and directional stability. In certain rock formations, it is believed that improved penetration rates will be observed.
  • the grooves or ridges generally occupy only a small proportion of the overall depth of the impregnated matrix. Due to the increased pressure at the ridges, these areas are subjected to a faster rate of wear than the valleys or grooves, as mentioned hereinbefore. Consequently, during use, the peaks are worn down to the same level as the grooves or troughs, so that the bit thereafter essentially takes a flat face profile configuration. While the face of the crown, by virtue of the remaining diamond impregnated matrix, still continues to drill rock, the initial advantages of the serrated profile are lost.
  • a drill bit as described above has been found to provide excellent drilling in quartzite with chert bands and formations which contain lava and sticky shale.
  • a PNQ type diamond impregnated coring bit (122mm OD x 48mm ID), containing 300 - 420 »m (micron) diamond grit at 50 concentration, was manufactured incorporating elongate Syndax 3 abrasive elements (1.5mm square by 8mm long). The elongate elements were positioned on alternate peaks (ridges) of each of 12 segments around the periphery of the crown.
  • the bit was used in the drilling of dolerite and chert formations. An average drilling rate of 11 metres per 12 hour shift was obtained. After 137 metres of drilling, the bit was withdrawn for examination. Although the kerf height had been reduced by approximately 5mm by abrasive wear, the original serrated profile of the bit was still evident.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Holo Graphy (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Couronne rotative pour un trépan de forage rotatif comprenant une extrémité de travail (20) qui présente une face de travail (26) avec un profil radialement en dents de scie avec des pics annulaires (28) et des vallées (28A) en alternance pour la couronne, et une extrémité opposée (12) pour l'engagement avec une tige de forage, un élément d'accouplement ou adaptateur, l'extrémité de travail (20) comprenant une masse de particules disorètes de diamant ou de nitrure de bore cubique (29) réparties uniformément dans une matrice de liaison assurant une usure par frottement ou abrasion régulière et continue lors du forage de roche, caractérisée par une pluralité d'éléments abrasifs allongés disposés de telle sorte par la matrice qu'une extrémité (30A) de chaque élément allège (30) est située dans un pic (28) pour faciliter le maintien du profil en dents de scia radial de la face de travail (26).
  2. Couronne selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle les particules abrasives (29) ont une taille inférieure à 1000 »m.
  3. Couronne selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle le particules (29) sont des particules de corps compacts au diamant thermiquement stables.
  4. Couronne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle les éléments allongés (30) sont des éléments de corps compact au diamant thermiquement stable.
  5. Couronne selon l'une quelconque des revendication 1 à 3, dans laquelle les éléments allongés (30) sont des éléments de carbure cémentés.
EP91310787A 1990-11-23 1991-11-22 Trépan de forage Expired - Lifetime EP0487355B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA909441 1990-11-23
ZA909441 1990-11-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0487355A1 EP0487355A1 (fr) 1992-05-27
EP0487355B1 true EP0487355B1 (fr) 1995-03-01

Family

ID=25580413

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91310787A Expired - Lifetime EP0487355B1 (fr) 1990-11-23 1991-11-22 Trépan de forage

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0487355B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE119233T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU644241B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2056049C (fr)
DE (1) DE69107800T2 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8573330B2 (en) 2009-08-07 2013-11-05 Smith International, Inc. Highly wear resistant diamond insert with improved transition structure
US8579053B2 (en) 2009-08-07 2013-11-12 Smith International, Inc. Polycrystalline diamond material with high toughness and high wear resistance
US8695733B2 (en) 2009-08-07 2014-04-15 Smith International, Inc. Functionally graded polycrystalline diamond insert
US8758463B2 (en) 2009-08-07 2014-06-24 Smith International, Inc. Method of forming a thermally stable diamond cutting element
US8857541B2 (en) 2009-08-07 2014-10-14 Smith International, Inc. Diamond transition layer construction with improved thickness ratio
US9482056B2 (en) 2011-12-30 2016-11-01 Smith International, Inc. Solid PCD cutter

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9419261D0 (en) 1994-09-23 1994-11-09 De Beers Ind Diamond Saws
KR100414006B1 (ko) * 2001-02-20 2004-01-07 이화다이아몬드공업 주식회사 가공팁 및 이를 포함하는 절삭휠, 연마휠, 천공휠
JP6182365B2 (ja) * 2013-06-17 2017-08-16 株式会社丸和技研 ケーシングビット及びケーシングパイプ

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2495400A (en) * 1946-06-03 1950-01-24 Jr Edward B Williams Core bit
US2729427A (en) * 1952-01-18 1956-01-03 Longyear E J Co Bit
US2818233A (en) * 1954-05-03 1957-12-31 Jr Edward B Williams Drill bit
US3537538A (en) * 1969-05-21 1970-11-03 Christensen Diamond Prod Co Impregnated diamond bit
JPS5382601A (en) * 1976-12-28 1978-07-21 Tokiwa Kogyo Kk Rotary grinding type excavation drill head
US4128136A (en) * 1977-12-09 1978-12-05 Lamage Limited Drill bit
US4533004A (en) * 1984-01-16 1985-08-06 Cdp, Ltd. Self sharpening drag bit for sub-surface formation drilling
CH666649A5 (de) * 1984-03-30 1988-08-15 De Beers Ind Diamond Schleifwerkzeug.
GB8907618D0 (en) * 1989-04-05 1989-05-17 Morrison Pumps Sa Drilling

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8573330B2 (en) 2009-08-07 2013-11-05 Smith International, Inc. Highly wear resistant diamond insert with improved transition structure
US8579053B2 (en) 2009-08-07 2013-11-12 Smith International, Inc. Polycrystalline diamond material with high toughness and high wear resistance
US8695733B2 (en) 2009-08-07 2014-04-15 Smith International, Inc. Functionally graded polycrystalline diamond insert
US8758463B2 (en) 2009-08-07 2014-06-24 Smith International, Inc. Method of forming a thermally stable diamond cutting element
US8857541B2 (en) 2009-08-07 2014-10-14 Smith International, Inc. Diamond transition layer construction with improved thickness ratio
US9482056B2 (en) 2011-12-30 2016-11-01 Smith International, Inc. Solid PCD cutter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU8807691A (en) 1992-05-28
ATE119233T1 (de) 1995-03-15
CA2056049A1 (fr) 1992-05-24
EP0487355A1 (fr) 1992-05-27
DE69107800D1 (de) 1995-04-06
DE69107800T2 (de) 1995-08-03
AU644241B2 (en) 1993-12-02
CA2056049C (fr) 1998-02-24

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