EP0481217B1 - Building - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0481217B1
EP0481217B1 EP91115444A EP91115444A EP0481217B1 EP 0481217 B1 EP0481217 B1 EP 0481217B1 EP 91115444 A EP91115444 A EP 91115444A EP 91115444 A EP91115444 A EP 91115444A EP 0481217 B1 EP0481217 B1 EP 0481217B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
window
area
structure according
zone
windows
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP91115444A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0481217A3 (en
EP0481217A2 (en
Inventor
Franz Bisping
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ALCO-Systeme GmbH
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ALCO-Systeme GmbH
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Priority claimed from DE4042387A external-priority patent/DE4042387C2/en
Application filed by ALCO-Systeme GmbH filed Critical ALCO-Systeme GmbH
Publication of EP0481217A2 publication Critical patent/EP0481217A2/en
Publication of EP0481217A3 publication Critical patent/EP0481217A3/en
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Publication of EP0481217B1 publication Critical patent/EP0481217B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/7675—Insulating linings for the interior face of exterior walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/7608—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising a prefabricated insulating layer, disposed between two other layers or panels
    • E04B1/7612—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising a prefabricated insulating layer, disposed between two other layers or panels in combination with an air space
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/88—Curtain walls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a building according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • EP-90 794-B1 A generic structure is described in EP-90 794-B1.
  • the air layer arranged between the weather protection zone and the heat insulation zone is not finished, but the weather protection zone is formed from several individual, horizontally staggered outer cladding panels, so that no significant thermals can form in this air layer when exposed to heat.
  • this air layer is interrupted anyway when the shading device is lowered.
  • the weather protection zone is interrupted in the area of the windows, and the outside of the window which is arranged in the area of the static layer zone or the thermal insulation zone is thus directly connected to the ambient air of the building.
  • These known arrangements therefore usually do not have anything to open Windows open, but the air conditioning of the building interior is done by an air conditioning system.
  • a cooling or ventilation system for buildings in which the wall and the roof are designed as a double wall.
  • An opening of this double wall is provided in the area of the roof ridge, which can be covered by a roof rider, and regulating flaps are set up in the lower area of the double walls.
  • This arrangement is intended to ensure that in summer the warming air rises in the space between the two walls and cool air is sucked in, so that the actual wall, which faces the living room, cannot heat up. Warm air can be introduced into this space in winter.
  • the air flow can be regulated through the flaps provided in the floor area of the double wall and through the adjustment of the roof rider.
  • thermosiphon effect in the air layer between the thermal insulation zone and the weather protection zone for venting the building usable space.
  • the present invention is concerned with the design and configuration of the window or in a building in which the thermosiphon effect is used for ventilation within the space between the weather protection zone and the heat insulation zone.
  • the window from a static A facade element has become known from FR-A-22 61 384 A1, the use of which is intended to create a climate envelope, in which climate-controlled, ie heated or cooled, air can be introduced.
  • a window is also provided in this facade, the space between the windows being connected to this climate envelope. Only the entirety of the outside and inside window can be opened, but then, if necessary, the connection between the window space and the air-guiding layer can be completed. If the window is opened, a direct connection with the outside atmosphere and the interior of the building is established, ie a short-circuit situation in principle when building a climate envelope. So the window should most likely only be used for cleaning purposes.
  • the present invention is concerned with the design and configuration of the window or in a building in which the thermosiphon effect is used for ventilation within the space between the weather protection zone and the heat insulation zone.
  • the heat loss of the interior window which is reduced by the k value, is used during the heating period to improve the thermal insulation of the unit of exterior and interior windows.
  • the distance between the outer and inner windows is dimensioned such that thermal insulation takes place even taking into account a shading device arranged here.
  • a window similar to a box window which consists of a closed box which is arranged in the space between the weather protection zone and the static layer zone, with a fixed window, ie a window that cannot be opened, facing outwards.
  • This fixed window is fixed in a corresponding frame construction of the weather protection zone.
  • the inner window can be used as a very simple window without great tightness against driving rain, but with regard to the desired sound insulation. B. with good airtightness.
  • This inner window is preferably made of wood thus high thermal insulation and is very inexpensive.
  • the bulkheads bordering the window into the space between the weather protection zone and the heat insulation zone can be part of the window, so that a box-shaped window is used.
  • the bulkheads can also be part of the thermal insulation zone and / or the static layer zone and / or the weather protection zone and then form the window with the outer window and the inner window.
  • These bulkheads can be made of glass or opaque materials. In order to achieve a high sound insulation of the unit from the inner and outer window, these bulkheads are elastically connected to the inner and outer window.
  • the inner window is not exposed to driving rain and wind, it can be made very simple, and if the outer window, which must be designed as a transparent pane, consists of a safety pane, this outer window also forms a fall protection device, so that the otherwise usually prescribed parapet can be dispensed with in the area of the window.
  • the safety against falling is preferably supported by a crossbar in the weather protection zone at the parapet height.
  • the interior window can extend to the floor regardless of the crossbar in the exterior window, which significantly increases the amount of daylight entering the interior.
  • Security glass and crossbars simultaneously provide security against burglary, and the interior window can be used overnight to cool naturally at night stay open. Since the shading devices are arranged outside in front of the inner window, but behind the outer window, they are protected from the wind, so they can also be arranged correctly in terms of building physics, even in high-rise buildings, and costly additional devices, such as. B. wind guard, omitted.
  • openings at least one opening
  • overflow openings are provided, which are connected to the rest of the space between the weather protection zone and the heat insulation zone, i. H. that is, through which the space of the box-shaped window and the actual living or working space through the open inner window are connected to the air layer in which the thermosiphon effect prevails.
  • shading devices can be arranged, which are thus outside the inner window and are thus protected from wind and dirt.
  • the heat build-up that arises when the shading is lowered is dissipated directly into the shaft-like air layer via the overflow openings, which are preferably arranged in the uppermost area of the vertical bulkheads and the air layer in front of the inner window, and this significantly increases the thermals in this air layer.
  • the inside of the outside window can be cleaned easily and safely at any time via the opening inside window and at the same time maintenance of the outside shading devices is independent of the weather possible.
  • an outward opening supply air gap is arranged in the outer window, through which additional fresh air may be sucked into the window space.
  • Fig. 1 shows a section of a wall, the one has static layer zone 9a with a heat insulation zone 30 arranged in front of it and a weather protection zone 10a arranged in front of it, an air layer 11a being created between the heat insulation zone 30 and the weather protection zone 10a.
  • the space of the air layer 11a is formed like a shaft.
  • Windows 26 are provided towards the inside of the building, which consist of outer windows 26b and inner windows 26a, the inner windows 26a being able to be opened, as is particularly clearly shown in FIG. 2.
  • these interior windows 26a are formed as a 2-leaf French window, since they may be permanently open, in principle, not far smaller protrude through this dividing vanes in 90 o -Offengnagna in the interior and thus not limitative of the furniture.
  • Heating pipes 27 arranged there are shown in the reveal area of the static layer zone 9a.
  • the space between the outer windows 26b and the inner windows 26a is closed by horizontal bulkheads 32 and vertical bulkheads 31, ie right and left vertical bulkheads 31 and upper and lower horizontal bulkheads 32 are provided and in connection with the windows 26a and 26b there is a window space 22 formed, which forms a closed space together with the windows.
  • This closed space is connected to the air layer 11a via an overflow opening 23, the size of which can preferably be regulated from the interior of the living or working space to control the air flow.
  • thermosiphon effect there is an upward movement of the air within the air layer 11a, whereby the air can be guided along a water tank 5a in order to enrich it with water vapor and to use the evaporative cooling of the water in the water tank 5a to cool the air.
  • Shading devices 34 can be provided in the window interspace 22, which can either be pulled upwards in front of the two windows 26a and 26b or can be guided downwards in front of the windows 26a and 26b.
  • FIG. 2 the same arrangement as shown in FIG. 1 is shown, only that here the ventilation situation in winter is shown. Due to a negative pressure prevailing inside the building, the fresh air is drawn from the air layer 11a into the window interspace 22 and reaches the interior of the building via ventilation slots in the area of the inner window 26a or via open inner windows 26a. The air sweeps along the heating tubes 27 and heats up. With this arrangement, a high effectiveness of the heating is achieved since a large volume of air is guided along the heating pipes 27 becomes.
  • Fig. 3 shows an arrangement in which the formation of the wall areas is shown without the air arrows and the heat insulation zone 30 is illustrated.
  • the box-window-like combination of outer and inner windows 26a and 26b does not depend on the fact that a change from static layer zone (non-transparent components) and so-called perforated windows (transparent components) is provided in the building.
  • the combination can also be used for window strips, for example.
  • the described partitioning forms, for example, the channel-like air layer 11a in every second window axis.
  • the higher heat loss of the inner window compared to a non-transparent component can be used positively during the heating period and on the other hand increases the thermals in the air layer 11a.
  • the interior window which can also be opened occasionally in this area, enables easy and safe cleaning of the channel area 11a.
  • an outer shading device would also be arranged in the area of the air layer 11a in front of the transparent openable inner window 26a.
  • the weather protection zone 10a z. B. from a metal strut frame 35, in which the outer windows 26b are inserted. Since this metal strut frame 35 is connected to the inner window and / or the static layer level via the horizontal and vertical partitions of the box window, it can be structurally easily formed, which permits extremely inexpensive training.
  • the outside windows 26b are made of safety glass, that is, they form a rigid, transparent pane which is mounted in the rigid frame construction 35, but is flexibly supported within the frame construction by means of appropriate sealing means. Surprisingly, it had to be found that with such an arrangement an incredibly high sound insulation is achieved, ie with such an arrangement it is possible to work with the inner window 26a open without being bothered by sound from outside.
  • the outer window 26b or the pane forming the outer window 26b preferably consists of a safety glass, so that at the same time a fall protection is created which makes it possible to open the inner window 26a even in high-rise buildings and still dispense with a parapet in the area of the interior.
  • the outer pane 26b is preferably of square design in order to increase the sound insulation even when the inner window 26b is open.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)
  • Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a building which consists of a static layer zone of a heat-insulating zone and of a weatherproof zone, the window required being formed from an inner window, arranged in the region of the static layer zone and/or the heat-insulating zone and which is to be opened, and a fixed outer window arranged in front of the inner window in the region of the weatherproof zone. Both windows are surrounded by horizontal and vertical bulkheads, so that a closed box space is formed, which is connected via a preferably adjustable opening to the air space existing between the weatherproof zone and the heat-insulating zone.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Bauwerk gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Hauptanspruches.The invention relates to a building according to the preamble of the main claim.

Ein gattungsbildendes Bauwerk ist in der EP-90 794-B1 beschrieben. Die zwischen der Wetterschutzzone und der Wärmedämmzone angeordnete Luftschicht ist dabei nicht abgeschlossen ausgebildet, sondern die Wetterschutzzone wird aus mehreren einzelnen, horizontal gegeneinander versetzt angeordneten Außenverkleidungsplatten gebildet, so daß sich in dieser Luftschicht keine wesentliche Thermik bei Wärmeeinstrahlung ausbilden kann. Im Bereich der Fenster ist diese Luftschicht sowieso dann unterbrochen, wenn die Beschattungsvorrichtung herabgelassen ist. Die Wetterschutzzone ist im Bereich der Fenster unterbrochen, und das im Bereich der statischen Schichtzone bzw. der Wärmedämmzone angeordnete Fenster steht also mit seiner Außenseite unmittelbar mit der Umgebungsluft des Bauwerkes in Verbindung. Diese bekannten Anordnungen weisen daher üblicherweise kein zu öffnendes Fenster auf, sondern die Klimatisierung des Gebäudeinnenraumes erfolgt durch eine Klimaanlage.A generic structure is described in EP-90 794-B1. The air layer arranged between the weather protection zone and the heat insulation zone is not finished, but the weather protection zone is formed from several individual, horizontally staggered outer cladding panels, so that no significant thermals can form in this air layer when exposed to heat. In the area of the windows, this air layer is interrupted anyway when the shading device is lowered. The weather protection zone is interrupted in the area of the windows, and the outside of the window which is arranged in the area of the static layer zone or the thermal insulation zone is thus directly connected to the ambient air of the building. These known arrangements therefore usually do not have anything to open Windows open, but the air conditioning of the building interior is done by an air conditioning system.

Aus der DE-A-20 49 724 ist ein Kühl- oder Lüftungssystem für Bauwerke bekannt, bei welchem die Wandung und das Dach als Doppelwandung ausgebildet sind. Im Bereich des Dachfirstes ist eine Öffnung dieser Doppelwand vorgesehen, die durch einen Dachreiter abgedeckt werden kann und im unteren Bereich der Doppelwände sind Regulierklappen eingerichtet. Durch diese Anordnung soll erreicht werden, daß im Sommer die sich erwärmende Luft in dem Zwischenraum zwischen den beiden Wänden ansteigt und kühle Luft nachsaugt, so daß die eigentliche Wandung, die zum Wohnraum hin gerichtet ist, sich nicht erwärmen kann. Im Winter kann in diesen Zwischenraum Warmluft eingeleitet werden. Reguliert werden kann die Luftströmung durch die im Bodenbereich der Doppelwand vorgesehenen Klappen und durch die Einstellung des Dachreiters.From DE-A-20 49 724 a cooling or ventilation system for buildings is known, in which the wall and the roof are designed as a double wall. An opening of this double wall is provided in the area of the roof ridge, which can be covered by a roof rider, and regulating flaps are set up in the lower area of the double walls. This arrangement is intended to ensure that in summer the warming air rises in the space between the two walls and cool air is sucked in, so that the actual wall, which faces the living room, cannot heat up. Warm air can be introduced into this space in winter. The air flow can be regulated through the flaps provided in the floor area of the double wall and through the adjustment of the roof rider.

Aus der DE-A-37 14 827 ist es bekannt, die Thermosyphonwirkung in der Luftschicht zwischen der Wärmedämmzone und der Wetterschutzzone zur Entlüftung des Gebäudenutzraumes auszunutzen.From DE-A-37 14 827 it is known to use the thermosiphon effect in the air layer between the thermal insulation zone and the weather protection zone for venting the building usable space.

Die vorliegende Erfindung beschäftigt sich mit der Ausgestaltung und Ausbildung der bzw. des Fensters bei einem Bauwerk, bei welchem die Thermosyphonwirkung innerhalb des sich zwischen Wetterschutzzone und Wärmedämmzone befindenden Raumes zur Belüftung ausgenutzt wird.The present invention is concerned with the design and configuration of the window or in a building in which the thermosiphon effect is used for ventilation within the space between the weather protection zone and the heat insulation zone.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird vorgeschlagen, daß das Fenster aus einem im Bereich der statischen Aus der FR-A-22 61 384 A1 ist ein Fassadenelement bekanntgeworden, durch dessen Einsatz eine Klimahülle geschaffen werden soll, wobei in diese Klimahülle klimatisierte, d. h. erwärmte oder gekühlte Luft eingeführt werden kann. In dieser Fassade ist auch ein Fenster vorgesehen, dessen Fensterzwischenraum mit dieser Klimahülle in Verbindung steht. Nur die Gesamtheit des Außen- und Innenfensters kann geöffnet werden, wobei dann aber ggf. die Verbindung des Fensterzwischenraumes zur luftführenden Schicht abgeschlossen werden kann. Wird also das Fenster geöffnet, ist eine unmittelbare Verbindung mit der Außenatmosphäre und dem Gebäudeinnenraum hergestellt, d. h. im Prinzip beim Aufbau einer Klimahülle, eine Kurzschlußsituation. Das Öffnen des Fensters soll also höchstwahrscheinlich nur zu Reinigungszwecken erfolgen.To solve this problem, it is proposed that the window from a static A facade element has become known from FR-A-22 61 384 A1, the use of which is intended to create a climate envelope, in which climate-controlled, ie heated or cooled, air can be introduced. A window is also provided in this facade, the space between the windows being connected to this climate envelope. Only the entirety of the outside and inside window can be opened, but then, if necessary, the connection between the window space and the air-guiding layer can be completed. If the window is opened, a direct connection with the outside atmosphere and the interior of the building is established, ie a short-circuit situation in principle when building a climate envelope. So the window should most likely only be used for cleaning purposes.

Die vorliegende Erfindung beschäftigt sich mit der Ausgestaltung und Ausbildung der bzw. des Fensters bei einem Bauwerk, bei welchem die Thermosyphonwirkung innerhalb des sich zwischen Wetterschutzzone und Wärmedämmzone befindenden Raumes zur Belüftung ausgenutzt wird.The present invention is concerned with the design and configuration of the window or in a building in which the thermosiphon effect is used for ventilation within the space between the weather protection zone and the heat insulation zone.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird vorgeschlagen, daß das Fenster aus einem im Bereich der statischen Schichtzone des Gebäudes und/oder der Wärmedämmzone angeordneten, zu öffnenden Innenfenster und einem feststehenden, vor dem Innenfenster im Bereich der Wetterschutzzone angeordneten Außenfenster besteht, wobei das Innenfenster und das Außenfenster von Horizontal - und Vertikalschotten umgrenzt werden, die einen von der Luftschicht zwischen Wärmedämmzone und Wetterschutzzone abgegrenzten Fensterzwischenraum schaffen, der über eine Überströmöffnung mit der Luftschicht zwischen Wärmedämmzone und Wetterschutzzone in Verbindung bringbar ist.To solve this problem, it is proposed that the window from a static Layer zone of the building and / or the thermal insulation zone arranged to be opened inner window and a fixed outer window arranged in front of the inner window in the area of the weather protection zone, the inner window and the outer window being delimited by horizontal and vertical bulkheads, which are separated from the air layer between the thermal insulation zone and Create a weatherproof zone between the windows, which can be connected to the air layer between the thermal insulation zone and the weather protection zone via an overflow opening.

In dieser Luftschicht wird während der Heizperiode der durch den k-Wert verminderte Wärmeverlust des Innenfensters zur Verbesserung der Wärmedämmung der Einheit von Außen- und Innenfenster genutzt. Der Abstand zwischen Außen- und Innenfenster wird so bemessen, daß auch unter Berücksichtigung einer hier angeordneten Beschattungsvorrichtung eine Wärmedämmung erfolgt.In this air layer, the heat loss of the interior window, which is reduced by the k value, is used during the heating period to improve the thermal insulation of the unit of exterior and interior windows. The distance between the outer and inner windows is dimensioned such that thermal insulation takes place even taking into account a shading device arranged here.

Mit anderen Worten ausgedrückt wird ein ähnlich wie ein Kastenfenster ausgebildetes Fenster vorgeschlagen, das aus einem geschlossenen Kasten besteht, der in den Raum zwischen der Wetterschutzzone und der statischen Schichtzone angeordnet wird, wobei nach außen hin ein feststehendes Fenster, d. h. ein nicht zu öffnendes Fenster, vorgesehen ist. Dieses feststehende Fenster ist in einer entsprechenden Rahmenkonstruktion der Wetterschutzzone fest angeordnet. Das Innenfenster kann als ganz einfaches Fenster ohne große Schlagregendichtigkeit, aber im Hinblick auf die gewünschte Schalldämmung z. B. mit guter Luftdichtigkeit hergestellt werden. Vorzugsweise wird dieses Innenfenster aus Holz hergestellt, hat damit eine hohe Wärmedämmung und ist sehr kostengünstig. Die das Fenster in den Raum zwischen der Wetterschutzzone und der Wärmedämmzone umgrenzenden Schotten können Bestandteil des Fensters sein, so daß also ein kastenförmiges Fenster eingesetzt wird. Die Schotten können aber auch Bestandteil der Wärmedämmzone und/oder der statischen Schichtzone und/oder der Wetterschutzzone sein und bilden dann mit dem Außenfenster und dem Innenfenster das Fenster. Diese Schotten können aus Glas oder undurchsichtigen Materialien bestehen. Um eine hohe Schalldämmung der Einheit aus Innen- und Außenfenster zu erreichen,sind diese Schotten mit dem Innen- und dem Außenfenster elastisch verbunden.In other words, a window similar to a box window is proposed, which consists of a closed box which is arranged in the space between the weather protection zone and the static layer zone, with a fixed window, ie a window that cannot be opened, facing outwards. is provided. This fixed window is fixed in a corresponding frame construction of the weather protection zone. The inner window can be used as a very simple window without great tightness against driving rain, but with regard to the desired sound insulation. B. with good airtightness. This inner window is preferably made of wood thus high thermal insulation and is very inexpensive. The bulkheads bordering the window into the space between the weather protection zone and the heat insulation zone can be part of the window, so that a box-shaped window is used. However, the bulkheads can also be part of the thermal insulation zone and / or the static layer zone and / or the weather protection zone and then form the window with the outer window and the inner window. These bulkheads can be made of glass or opaque materials. In order to achieve a high sound insulation of the unit from the inner and outer window, these bulkheads are elastically connected to the inner and outer window.

Da das Innenfenster keinem Schlagregen und keinem Wind ausgesetzt ist, kann es sehr einfach ausgebildet sein, und wenn das Außenfenster, das als Transparentscheibe ausgebildet sein muß, aus einer Sicherheitsscheibe besteht, bildet dieses Außenfenster gleichzeitig eine Absturzsicherung, so daß auf die sonst üblicherweise vorgeschriebene Brüstung im Bereich des Fensters verzichtet werden kann. Vorzugsweise wird die Absturzsicherheit durch einen Querriegel in der Wetterschutzzone in Brüstungshöhe unterstützt.Since the inner window is not exposed to driving rain and wind, it can be made very simple, and if the outer window, which must be designed as a transparent pane, consists of a safety pane, this outer window also forms a fall protection device, so that the otherwise usually prescribed parapet can be dispensed with in the area of the window. The safety against falling is preferably supported by a crossbar in the weather protection zone at the parapet height.

Unter Berücksichtigung einer entsprechend angeordneten Heizung kann das Innenfenster unabhängig vom Querriegel im Außenfenster bis zum Fußboden reichen, wodurch der Tageslichteinfall in die Innenräume wesentlich erhöht wird. Durch Sicherheitsglas und Querriegel ist gleichzeitig eine Einbruchssicherheit vorgegeben, und das Innenfenster kann zur natürlichen Nachtauskühlung gefahrlos über Nacht geöffnet bleiben. Da die Beschattungseinrichtungen außen vor dem Innenfenster, aber hinter dem Außenfenster angeordnet werden, sind sie vor Windanfall geschützt, können also auch bei Höchsthäusern bauphysikalisch richtig außen angeordnet werden und kostspielige Zusatzeinrichtungen, wie z. B. Windwächter, entfallen.Taking into account an appropriately arranged heating system, the interior window can extend to the floor regardless of the crossbar in the exterior window, which significantly increases the amount of daylight entering the interior. Security glass and crossbars simultaneously provide security against burglary, and the interior window can be used overnight to cool naturally at night stay open. Since the shading devices are arranged outside in front of the inner window, but behind the outer window, they are protected from the wind, so they can also be arranged correctly in terms of building physics, even in high-rise buildings, and costly additional devices, such as. B. wind guard, omitted.

In den das Außen- und das Innenfenster umgebenden Schotten sind Öffnungen (wenigstens eine Öffnung), sogenannte Überströmöffnungen, vorgesehen, die mit dem übrigen Raum zwischen Wetterschutzzone und Wärmedämmzone in Verbindung stehen, d. h. also durch die nunmehr der Raum des kastenförmigen Fensters und über das geöffnete Innenfenster der eigentliche Wohn- oder Arbeitsraum mit der Luftschicht in Verbindung steht, in der die Thermosyphonwirkung herrscht.In the bulkheads surrounding the outer and inner windows, openings (at least one opening), so-called overflow openings, are provided, which are connected to the rest of the space between the weather protection zone and the heat insulation zone, i. H. that is, through which the space of the box-shaped window and the actual living or working space through the open inner window are connected to the air layer in which the thermosiphon effect prevails.

In dem Raum des so gebildeten kastenförmigen Fensters können Beschattungsvorrichtungen angeordnet werden, die damit außen vor dem Innenfenster liegen und damit vor Wind- und Schmutzbelastung geschützt sind. Der bei herabgelassener Beschattung entstehende Wärmestau wird über die Überströmöffnungen, die vorzugsweise im obersten Bereich der Vertikalschotten und der Luftschicht vor dem Innenfenster angeordnet sind, direkt in die schachtähnliche Luftschicht abgeleitet und dadurch wird die Thermik in dieser Luftschicht wesentlich erhöht.In the space of the box-shaped window formed in this way, shading devices can be arranged, which are thus outside the inner window and are thus protected from wind and dirt. The heat build-up that arises when the shading is lowered is dissipated directly into the shaft-like air layer via the overflow openings, which are preferably arranged in the uppermost area of the vertical bulkheads and the air layer in front of the inner window, and this significantly increases the thermals in this air layer.

Über das zu öffnende Innenfenster kann jederzeit leicht und gefahrlos die Innenseite des Außenfensters gereinigt werden und gleichzeitig ist eine wetterunabhängige Wartung der äußeren Beschattungseinrichtungen möglich.The inside of the outside window can be cleaned easily and safely at any time via the opening inside window and at the same time maintenance of the outside shading devices is independent of the weather possible.

Nicht ausgeschlossen ist, daß in dem Außenfenster ein nach außen hin zu öffnender Zuluftspalt angeordnet wird, durch den ggf. zusätzliche Frischluft in den Fensterraum einsaugbar ist.It is not ruled out that an outward opening supply air gap is arranged in the outer window, through which additional fresh air may be sucked into the window space.

Es ist erkennbar, daß durch die erfindungsgemäße Konstruktion eine Fülle von Vorteilen erreicht wird, wobei u. a. der physiologische Effekt nicht übersehen werden kann, daß selbst in einem Hochhaus für einen Raumbenutzer die Möglichkeit besteht, ein Fenster zu öffnen und Frischluft einzulassen.It can be seen that a wealth of advantages is achieved by the construction according to the invention, u. a. the physiological effect cannot be overlooked that even in a high-rise building, a room user can open a window and let in fresh air.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen werden in den Unteransprüchen erläutert.Advantageous embodiments are explained in the subclaims.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung beschrieben. Die Zeichnung zeigt dabei in

Fig. 1
in einem relativ konkreten Ausführungsbeispiel schaubildlich einen Ausschnitt einer Gebäudeaußenwand mit während der Sommermonate auftretenden Luftströmungen, in
Fig. 2
die Anordnung gemäß Fig. 1 zur Verdeutlichung der Luftbewegungen und Strömungswege während der Wintermonate und in
Fig. 3
ein leicht abgeändertes Ausführungsbeispiel zur besseren Verdeutlichung des Aufbaus des Fensters.
Embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the drawing. The drawing shows in
Fig. 1
in a relatively concrete embodiment, a section of an outer wall of a building with air currents occurring during the summer months, in
Fig. 2
the arrangement of FIG. 1 to illustrate the air movements and flow paths during the winter months and in
Fig. 3
a slightly modified embodiment to better illustrate the structure of the window.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Ausschnitt einer Wand, die eine statische Schichtzone 9a mit einer davor angeordneten Wärmedämmzone 30 und einer davor angeordneten Wetterschutzzone 10a aufweist, wobei zwischen der Wärmedämmzone 30 und der Wetterschutzzone 10a eine Luftschicht 11a geschaffen wird. Der Raum der Luftschicht 11a ist dabei schachtähnlich ausgebildet. Zum Inneren des Gebäudes hin sind Fenster 26 vorgesehen, die aus Außenfenster 26b und Innenfenster 26a bestehen, wobei die Innenfenster 26a geöffnet werden können, wie dies besonders deutlich Fig. 2 zeigt. Vorzugsweise sind diese Innenfenster 26a als 2-flügelige Stulpfenster ausgebildet, da sie im Prinzip dauernd geöffnet sein können und die durch diese Aufteilung kleineren Flügel in 90o-Offenstellung nicht weit in den Innenraum ragen und somit nicht die Möblierung einschränken. Im Laibungsbereich der statischen Schichtzone 9a sind dort angeordnete Heizungsrohre 27 dargestellt.Fig. 1 shows a section of a wall, the one has static layer zone 9a with a heat insulation zone 30 arranged in front of it and a weather protection zone 10a arranged in front of it, an air layer 11a being created between the heat insulation zone 30 and the weather protection zone 10a. The space of the air layer 11a is formed like a shaft. Windows 26 are provided towards the inside of the building, which consist of outer windows 26b and inner windows 26a, the inner windows 26a being able to be opened, as is particularly clearly shown in FIG. 2. Preferably, these interior windows 26a are formed as a 2-leaf French window, since they may be permanently open, in principle, not far smaller protrude through this dividing vanes in 90 o -Offenstellung in the interior and thus not limitative of the furniture. Heating pipes 27 arranged there are shown in the reveal area of the static layer zone 9a.

Der Raum zwischen den Außenfensters 26b und den Innenfensters 26a wird durch horizontale Schotten 32 und vertikale Schotten 31 geschlossen, d. h. es sind rechte und linke vertikale Schotten 31 und obere und untere horizontale Schotten 32 vorgesehen und in Verbindung mit den Fenstern 26a und 26b wird ein Fensterzwischenraum 22 gebildet, der zusammen mit den Fenstern einen an sich geschlossenen Raum bildet. Dieser geschlossene Raum steht über eine Überströmöffnung 23, deren Größe vorzugsweise vom Inneren des Wohn- oder Arbeitsraumes her zur Steuerung des Luftstromes regulierbar ist, mit der Luftschicht 11a in Verbindung. Aufgrund beispielsweise der Zuleitung kühler Luft in das Gebäudeinnere entsteht im Gebäudeinneren ein Überdruck, so daß erwärmte Luft durch die Schlitze im Bereich des Innenfensters 26a oder durch das geöffnete Innenfenster 26a zuerst in den Fensterzwischenraum 22 gelangt und dann durch die Überströmöffnung 23 in die schachtähnlich ausgebildete Luftschicht 11a gelangt, wobei entweder die Luft in diese Luftschicht 11a oder in den schachtähnlichen Raum, in dem die Thermosyphonwirkung wirksam ist, gedrückt und/oder gesaugt wird.The space between the outer windows 26b and the inner windows 26a is closed by horizontal bulkheads 32 and vertical bulkheads 31, ie right and left vertical bulkheads 31 and upper and lower horizontal bulkheads 32 are provided and in connection with the windows 26a and 26b there is a window space 22 formed, which forms a closed space together with the windows. This closed space is connected to the air layer 11a via an overflow opening 23, the size of which can preferably be regulated from the interior of the living or working space to control the air flow. Due to the supply of cool air to the interior of the building, for example, an overpressure arises in the interior of the building, so that heated air through the slots in the area of Inner window 26a or through the opened inner window 26a first enters the window interspace 22 and then passes through the overflow opening 23 into the shaft-like air layer 11a, either the air being pressed into this air layer 11a or into the shaft-like space in which the thermosiphon effect is effective and / or is sucked.

Innerhalb der Luftschicht 11a gibt es aufgrund der Thermosyphonwirkung eine Aufwärtsbewegung der Luft, wobei die Luft an einem Wasserbehälter 5a entlang geführt werden kann, um sie so mit Wasserdampf anzureichern und um die Verdunstungskälte des Wassers im Wasserbehälter 5a zur Kühlung der Luft auszunutzen.Due to the thermosiphon effect, there is an upward movement of the air within the air layer 11a, whereby the air can be guided along a water tank 5a in order to enrich it with water vapor and to use the evaporative cooling of the water in the water tank 5a to cool the air.

In dem Fensterzwischenraum 22 können Beschattungsvorrichtungen 34 vorgesehen sein, die entweder von unten nach oben vor die beiden Fenster 26a und 26b gezogen werden können oder von oben nach unten vor die Fenster 26a und 26b geführt werden können.Shading devices 34 can be provided in the window interspace 22, which can either be pulled upwards in front of the two windows 26a and 26b or can be guided downwards in front of the windows 26a and 26b.

Bei der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Ausführungsform ist die gleiche Anordnung wie gemäß Fig. 1 dargestellt, nur daß hier die Belüftungssituation im Winter dargestellt ist. Durch einen im Gebäudeinneren herrschenden Unterdruck wird die Frischluft aus der Luftschicht 11a in den Fensterzwischenraum 22 gezogen und gelangt über Lüftungsschlitze im Bereich des Innenfensters 26a oder über geöffnete Innenfenster 26a in das Gebäudeinnere. Hierbei streicht die Luft an den Heizungsrohren 27 entlangt und wärmt sich auf. Durch diese Anordnung wird eine hohe Effektivität der Heizung erreicht, da ein großes Luftvolumen an den Heizungsrohren 27 entlanggeführt wird.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the same arrangement as shown in FIG. 1 is shown, only that here the ventilation situation in winter is shown. Due to a negative pressure prevailing inside the building, the fresh air is drawn from the air layer 11a into the window interspace 22 and reaches the interior of the building via ventilation slots in the area of the inner window 26a or via open inner windows 26a. The air sweeps along the heating tubes 27 and heats up. With this arrangement, a high effectiveness of the heating is achieved since a large volume of air is guided along the heating pipes 27 becomes.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine Anordnung, bei der die Ausbildung der Wandbereiche ohne die eingezeichneten Luftpfeile dargestellt ist und die Wärmedämmzone 30 verdeutlicht ist. Die kastenfensterartige Kombination von Außen- und Innenfenster 26a und 26b ist nicht darauf angewiesen, daß beim Bauwerk ein Wechsel von statischer Schichtzone (nicht transparente Bauteile) und sogenannten Lochfenstern (transparente Bauteile) vorgesehen ist. Die Kombination läßt sich beispielsweise auch bei Fensterbändern anwenden. Dann wird durch die beschriebene Abschottung in beispielsweise jeder zweiten Fensterachse die kanalartige Luftschicht 11a gebildet. Der gegenüber einem nicht transparenten Bauteil höhere Wärmeverlust des Innenfensters kann während der Heizperiode positiv genutzt werden und erhöht andererseits die Thermik in der Luftschicht 11a. Durch das auch in diesem Bereich zeitweise öffenbare Innenfenster ist eine leichte und gefahrlose Reinigung des Kanalbereiches 11a möglich. Bei dieser Anwendungsvariante würde auch im Bereich der Luftschicht 11a vor dem transparenten öffenbaren Innenfenster 26a eine äußere Beschattungsvorrichtung angeordnet.Fig. 3 shows an arrangement in which the formation of the wall areas is shown without the air arrows and the heat insulation zone 30 is illustrated. The box-window-like combination of outer and inner windows 26a and 26b does not depend on the fact that a change from static layer zone (non-transparent components) and so-called perforated windows (transparent components) is provided in the building. The combination can also be used for window strips, for example. Then the described partitioning forms, for example, the channel-like air layer 11a in every second window axis. The higher heat loss of the inner window compared to a non-transparent component can be used positively during the heating period and on the other hand increases the thermals in the air layer 11a. The interior window, which can also be opened occasionally in this area, enables easy and safe cleaning of the channel area 11a. In this application variant, an outer shading device would also be arranged in the area of the air layer 11a in front of the transparent openable inner window 26a.

Bei allen Ausführungsformen besteht die Wetterschutzzone 10a z. B. aus einem Metallstrebengerüst 35, in welchem die Außenfenster 26b eingesetzt sind. Da dieses Metall-Strebengerüst 35 über die horizontalen und vertikalen Abschottungen des Kastenfensters Verbindung mit dem Innenfenster und/oder der statischen Schichtebene bekommt, kann es statisch gesehen leicht ausgebildet werden, was eine äußerst preisgünstige Ausbildung zuläßt. Die Außenfenster 26b sind dabei aus Sicherheitsglas ausgebildet, d. h. bilden eine starre, transparente Scheibe, die in der zwar starren Rahmenkonstruktion 35 gelagert ist, aber innerhalb der Rahmenkonstruktion über entsprechende Dichtmittel biegeweich gelagert ist. Überraschend mußte festgestellt werden, daß bei einer solchen Anordnung eine unglaublich hohe Schallisolierung erreicht wird, d. h. bei einer solchen Anordnung ist es möglich, bei geöffnetem Innenfenster 26a zu arbeiten, ohne von Schall von außen belästigt zu werden.In all embodiments, the weather protection zone 10a z. B. from a metal strut frame 35, in which the outer windows 26b are inserted. Since this metal strut frame 35 is connected to the inner window and / or the static layer level via the horizontal and vertical partitions of the box window, it can be structurally easily formed, which permits extremely inexpensive training. The outside windows 26b are made of safety glass, that is, they form a rigid, transparent pane which is mounted in the rigid frame construction 35, but is flexibly supported within the frame construction by means of appropriate sealing means. Surprisingly, it had to be found that with such an arrangement an incredibly high sound insulation is achieved, ie with such an arrangement it is possible to work with the inner window 26a open without being bothered by sound from outside.

Das Außenfenster 26b oder die das Außenfenster 26b bildende Scheibe besteht dabei vorzugsweise aus einem Sicherheitsglas, so daß gleichzeitig eine Absturzsicherung geschaffen wird, die es ermöglicht, auch in Hochhäusern das Innenfenster 26a zu öffnen und trotzdem auf eine Brüstung im Bereich des Innenraumes zu verzichten. Vorzugsweise ist die Außenscheibe 26b quadratisch ausgebildet, um die Schalldämmung auch bei geöffnetem Innenfenster 26b zu erhöhen.The outer window 26b or the pane forming the outer window 26b preferably consists of a safety glass, so that at the same time a fall protection is created which makes it possible to open the inner window 26a even in high-rise buildings and still dispense with a parapet in the area of the interior. The outer pane 26b is preferably of square design in order to increase the sound insulation even when the inner window 26b is open.

Claims (11)

  1. A structure, consisting of a static laminar area (9a), a heat insulating area (30) arranged externally in front of the static laminar area (9a), an air space (11a) provided in front of the heat insulating area (30) and a weatherproof area (10a) externally sealing the air space (11a), windows (26) being provided in the wall thus formed, characterized in that the window (26) consists of an openable inner window (26a) arranged in the region of the static laminar area (9a) and/or the heat insulating area (30) and a stationary, fixed-glazed outer window (26b) arranged in front of the inner window (26a) in the region of the weatherproof area (10a) and forming part of the weatherproof area (10a) and in that the two windows (inner window (26a) and outer window (26b)) are provided with defining horizontal and vertical panels (32 and 31), which create a window interspace (22) bordered by the air space (11a), which window interspace (22) may be connected with the air space (11a) via at least one transfer opening (23).
  2. A structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the size of the transfer opening (23) may be regulated.
  3. A structure according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the outer window (26b) forming part of the weatherproof area (10a) is constructed of a rigid transparent pane which is mounted fixedly, but bendably, in a rigid frame structure arranged in the region of the weatherproof area (10a).
  4. A structure according to claim 3, characterized in that the pane forming the outer window (26b) is constructed as a pane of safety glass and thus provides security against breakage.
  5. A structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a shading device (34) is arranged in the window interspace (22).
  6. A structure according to claim 5, characterized in that the shading device (34) may be raised or lowered in its active position.
  7. A structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transfer opening (23) is arranged in the upper area of the window interspace (33).
  8. A structure according at least to claim 1, characterized in that the pane of the outer window (26b) is of square construction.
  9. A structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal and vertical panels (32, 31) are resiliently connected with the inner and outer windows (26a, 26b).
  10. A structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal and/or vertical panels (32, 31) are of transparent construction.
  11. A structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the window interspace (22) is provided with an outward-leading air inlet gap of adjustable size.
EP91115444A 1990-10-13 1991-09-12 Building Expired - Lifetime EP0481217B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4032552 1990-10-13
DE4042387A DE4042387C2 (en) 1990-10-13 1990-10-13 Building
DE4032552A DE4032552A1 (en) 1990-10-13 1990-10-13 Ventilation system for buildings - introduces cool air in summer and warm air in winter from natural sources to condition the room air
DE4042387 1991-07-31

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0481217A2 EP0481217A2 (en) 1992-04-22
EP0481217A3 EP0481217A3 (en) 1992-09-02
EP0481217B1 true EP0481217B1 (en) 1995-09-27

Family

ID=25897691

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91115444A Expired - Lifetime EP0481217B1 (en) 1990-10-13 1991-09-12 Building

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AT (1) ATE128506T1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4238135A1 (en) * 1992-11-12 1994-05-19 Alco Systeme Gmbh Cross ventilation with Twinface
EP1528215A1 (en) * 2003-10-28 2005-05-04 Roberto Messana Transparent exterior wall for reducing solar radiation
CN109914690B (en) * 2019-03-25 2021-04-20 青岛腾远设计事务所有限公司 Building ventilation wallboard

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2144066A5 (en) * 1971-06-29 1973-02-09 Trombe Felix
DE2407865A1 (en) * 1974-02-19 1975-08-28 Alco Bauzubehoer FACADE ELEMENT
DE2518252A1 (en) * 1975-04-24 1976-11-04 Kalinna Erwin Fa Facing panel system with windows for buildings - has parapet panels combined with glazing panels and ventilating channels
AT374227B (en) * 1982-03-30 1984-03-26 Voest Alpine Ag CONSTRUCTION
DE3829956A1 (en) * 1988-09-03 1990-03-15 Scheu & Wirth Ag AERIAL WINDOW
DE4022441C1 (en) * 1990-07-14 1991-10-17 Alco-Systeme Gmbh, 4400 Muenster, De

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ATE128506T1 (en) 1995-10-15
EP0481217A3 (en) 1992-09-02
EP0481217A2 (en) 1992-04-22

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