EP0481110A1 - Rotary conditioning drum, particularly for drying tobacco - Google Patents
Rotary conditioning drum, particularly for drying tobacco Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0481110A1 EP0481110A1 EP90119870A EP90119870A EP0481110A1 EP 0481110 A1 EP0481110 A1 EP 0481110A1 EP 90119870 A EP90119870 A EP 90119870A EP 90119870 A EP90119870 A EP 90119870A EP 0481110 A1 EP0481110 A1 EP 0481110A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- drum
- tobacco
- conveyor
- humidity
- measurement unit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/04—Humidifying or drying tobacco bunches or cut tobacco
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
- F26B11/02—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles
- F26B11/026—Arrangements for charging or discharging the materials to be dried, e.g. discharging by reversing drum rotation, using spiral-type inserts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/22—Controlling the drying process in dependence on liquid content of solid materials or objects
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rotary conditioning drum particularly for drying tobacco and/or other food products.
- hag defines a blend of various expensive qualities of tobacco, processed appropriately and cut to a specific size.
- Production facilities which comprise a drying line the performance whereof, in terms of uniformity and constancy of the degree of humidity reached by the shag, are essential for the optimum outcome of the final product, which is constituted by cigarettes.
- the humidity must be controlled in an extremely precise manner in two critical points, i.e. prior to shredding and prior to transporting the tobacco to the packaging machines for the final manufacture of the cigarette.
- the tobacco Prior to shredding, the tobacco must have a relative humidity content of approximately 22%; in the second case, prior to transportation, the relative humidity must be approximately 13%.
- the humidity of the shag passes from 22% to 13% by means of a drying line which is constituted by a feeder with a gravity tube, a continuous belt weighing machine, a vibrating loading conveyor, a drying drum, a vibrating unloading conveyor, an infrared-ray humidity detector arranged at the inlet of the drum, an infrared-ray humidity detector arranged at the outlet of the drum, and a computerized control system.
- a drying line which is constituted by a feeder with a gravity tube, a continuous belt weighing machine, a vibrating loading conveyor, a drying drum, a vibrating unloading conveyor, an infrared-ray humidity detector arranged at the inlet of the drum, an infrared-ray humidity detector arranged at the outlet of the drum, and a computerized control system.
- known drying drums are of the rotary type, are inclined by a certain number of degrees toward the outlet and have a variable rotation rate.
- the rotary drum which is usually made of stainless steel, is internally provided, in the case of steam heating, with longitudinal heating units which are constituted by bundles of tubes which are connected to a delivery manifold for injecting the steam and to an outlet manifold for discharging the condensate, whereas the inflow of the steam is obtained by means of a special rotating coupling.
- a hot-air circuit is also provided; according to the type of production, said circuit can be in countercurrent or in current.
- Drums which have, for such a capacity, a diameter of approximately 2 meters and a length of approximately 12 meters; this entails, assuming a speed of approximately 1.3 m/min for the product, an internal product passage time of approximately 9 minutes, with an amount equal to approximately 750 kilograms of product stably present inside the drum.
- the main disadvantage which is observed in said known types of device therefore consists of the fact that an actual correction can occur only approximately 11 minutes after the starting of the drum.
- the current known technology therefore, does not allow high efficiency in production.
- the program is therefore such that if the humidity at the outlet is beyond the tolerance range, the actual thermal efficiency of the drum is varied by interacting on a modulating valve in order to increase or decrease the pressure of the steam at the inlet of the drum or by adjusting the valves of the burners in the case of gas or fuel-oil heating.
- the aim of the present invention is therefore to eliminate the disadvantages described above in known types of conditioning drums by providing a drum which allows to lower the relative humidity of the shag to preset values with an optimum maximum tolerance, considerably containing the waste constituted by the excessively dry or excessively moist product.
- an important object of the invention is to provide a drum which allows to have, in output, shag with preset humidity values even during operation in transient conditions, as when the mixture of tobacco to be dried is changed or when the line is emptied completely.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a drum which associates with the preceding characteristics that of being structurally simple, manufacturable with conventional facilities and known machines, as well as reliable and safe in use.
- a rotary conditioning drum particularly for drying tobacco
- heating means such as a gas or oil burner or steam heating means
- said means comprising, in the latter case, longitudinal heating units constituted by bundles of tubes which are connected to a delivery manifold for injecting steam, characterized in that it comprises at least one conveyor element movable axially with respect to said drum and being actuated by an external humidity measurement unit and by means for controlling the thermal capacity of said drum, said drum comprising, in the case of steam heating, means for collecting and recovering the condensate, said collecting means being arranged at the tobacco feed side.
- said conveyor element is constituted by a conveyor belt.
- the reference numeral 1 indicates the rotary conditioning drum, which constitutes a component of a drying line constituted by a silo 2 for storing shag, fed at an adjacent loader 3.
- An appropriate hopper metering unit 4 unloads said shag from the loader 3 at a belt weighing machine 5.
- Said weighing machine then deposits the shag at a first vibrating conveyor 6, which unloads the shag inside the rotary conditioning drum 1, wherefrom the dried product is discharged at a second vibrating conveyor 7.
- the rotary conditioning drum 1 is inclined, with respect to the resting plane 8, so that the feed end 9 is arranged at a greater distance from said resting plane with respect to the distance of the end 10 for unloading the dried shag.
- the rotary conditioning drum 1 comprises at least one conveyor element 11 which is arranged at the axis of the drum and can slide axially inside said drum.
- the conveyor belt 11 is mounted on rails or guides 12 and is moved by motor means such as a direct-current motor which allows axial movement of the conveyor element 11 inside the drum 1, to the point at which the shag is at the required degree of humidity.
- motor means such as a direct-current motor which allows axial movement of the conveyor element 11 inside the drum 1, to the point at which the shag is at the required degree of humidity.
- Said degree of humidity is detected by means of a first measurement unit 13, arranged at the belt weighing machine 5, and by a second measurement unit 14, arranged at the end of the second vibrating conveyor 7 opposite to the unloading end 9 of the rotary conditioning drum 1.
- Said second measurement unit 14 together with means for controlling the drum thermal capacity which are appropriately controlled by an electronic program, allows to control the humidity of the shag, actuating, if said humidity deviates from the desired value, the movement of the conveyor belt 11 inside the drum 1 up to the point at which the shag has the required humidity.
- the drum furthermore has, in the case of steam heating, means for collecting and recovering the condensate.
- the recovery means are constituted by tubes coiled in a helix inside the drum.
- the means for collecting the condensate are arranged outside the drum at the feed end 9.
- the mobility of the conveyor belt 11 inside the drum in fact allows to extract the shag if it has the required degree of humidity in a very rapid manner and with considerable ease in execution.
- the presence of the second measurement unit 14 and of the means for controlling the thermal capacity of the drum allow to activate the movement of the conveyor belt, and said control can be handled by an electronic program which is per se extremely simplified, since it must handle and control a very small number of parameters with respect to what occurred in the prior art.
- the dimensions and the materials which constitute the individual components of the drum may be the most pertinent according to the specific requirements.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a rotary conditioning drum particularly for drying tobacco and/or other food products.
- One of the most interesting and at the same time critical problems in the field of the tobacco manufacturing industry is currently the drying of shag.
- The term "shag" defines a blend of various expensive qualities of tobacco, processed appropriately and cut to a specific size.
- Production facilities are currently known which comprise a drying line the performance whereof, in terms of uniformity and constancy of the degree of humidity reached by the shag, are essential for the optimum outcome of the final product, which is constituted by cigarettes.
- In order to clarify the disadvantages which can be observed in known facilities, the fact is stressed that in the tobacco industry, the shag, before it can be used to fill the cigarette, must undergo numerous extremely complicated and delicate treatments; in each of said treatment steps, one of the most important parameters to be kept under control is the relative humidity content of the tobacco.
- Said relative humidity must in fact assume very precise and clearly defined values in every point of the treatment line.
- Specifically, the humidity must be controlled in an extremely precise manner in two critical points, i.e. prior to shredding and prior to transporting the tobacco to the packaging machines for the final manufacture of the cigarette.
- In the first case, prior to shredding, the tobacco must have a relative humidity content of approximately 22%; in the second case, prior to transportation, the relative humidity must be approximately 13%.
- In the latter case, the proposed value must be reached with great precision, since maximum tolerances in the range of 0.1% are required, as packaging machines, which can have a production rate of up to 9,000 (nine thousand) cigarettes per minute, require an extremely stable and uniform product.
- Otherwise, an excessively humid product would tend to clog the machines, whereas an excessively dry product would tend to crumble, with consequent high waste and a hardly negligible economic damage.
- In known types of drying facility the humidity of the shag passes from 22% to 13% by means of a drying line which is constituted by a feeder with a gravity tube, a continuous belt weighing machine, a vibrating loading conveyor, a drying drum, a vibrating unloading conveyor, an infrared-ray humidity detector arranged at the inlet of the drum, an infrared-ray humidity detector arranged at the outlet of the drum, and a computerized control system.
- Specifically, known drying drums are of the rotary type, are inclined by a certain number of degrees toward the outlet and have a variable rotation rate.
- The rotary drum, which is usually made of stainless steel, is internally provided, in the case of steam heating, with longitudinal heating units which are constituted by bundles of tubes which are connected to a delivery manifold for injecting the steam and to an outlet manifold for discharging the condensate, whereas the inflow of the steam is obtained by means of a special rotating coupling.
- A hot-air circuit is also provided; according to the type of production, said circuit can be in countercurrent or in current.
- In said known rotary drying drums it is possible for example to have such a capacity as to be able to dry up to approximately 5,000 (five thousand) Kg/h of shag and therefore simultaneously feed approximately 10-12 high-speed packaging machines, assuming a tobacco content of approximately 0.75-0.8 grams per cigarette.
- Drums are known which have, for such a capacity, a diameter of approximately 2 meters and a length of approximately 12 meters; this entails, assuming a speed of approximately 1.3 m/min for the product, an internal product passage time of approximately 9 minutes, with an amount equal to approximately 750 kilograms of product stably present inside the drum.
- In these known types of drum it is thus observed that, upon starting, approximately 9 minutes elapse before the tobacco starts to exit from said drum, and approximately 2 more minutes elapse so that the product may reach a certain uniformity and stability with the consequent possibility of measuring the output humidity.
- The main disadvantage which is observed in said known types of device therefore consists of the fact that an actual correction can occur only approximately 11 minutes after the starting of the drum.
- As a partial solution to this disadvantage, it is known to perform an electronic control, which in any case allows, at the most, to stabilize the humidity of the tobacco at the required and preset values only in the second half of the drying drum.
- These disadvantages produce a considerable amount of inappropriately dried tobacco which constitutes an initial waste which is only partially recoverable: for the above described type of drum, this can be equivalent to the failure to produce approximately half a million cigarettes, with a considerable economic burden.
- As a partial solution to this disadvantage, it is known not only to redry part of the shag but also to mix it with other tobaccoes: this mixing, however, must occur in large silos in order to achieve uniformity of the humidity content, and at least three silos are required for every drying drum, with consequent cost problems.
- The current known technology, therefore, does not allow high efficiency in production.
- As a partial solution, it is known to use a statistical simulation program for controlling the drying line; said program, by interpolating some process data such as the instantaneous mass flowrate of the tobacco, the relative humidity at the inlet and at the outlet of the drum and the drying temperature, estimates whether the humidity of the tobacco at the outlet of the drum will stabilize within the given tolerance values.
- The program is therefore such that if the humidity at the outlet is beyond the tolerance range, the actual thermal efficiency of the drum is varied by interacting on a modulating valve in order to increase or decrease the pressure of the steam at the inlet of the drum or by adjusting the valves of the burners in the case of gas or fuel-oil heating.
- The observable results, however, are generally not acceptable during operation in transient conditions, i.e. for example when the mixture of tobacco to be dried is changed or when the line is emptied completely.
- The reason which makes this operation unacceptable is the heat inertia of the drum; although the computerized system tries to predict in advance the responses of the machine, a certain time is required in order to adapt to a new condition.
- The aim of the present invention is therefore to eliminate the disadvantages described above in known types of conditioning drums by providing a drum which allows to lower the relative humidity of the shag to preset values with an optimum maximum tolerance, considerably containing the waste constituted by the excessively dry or excessively moist product.
- Within the scope of the above aim, an important object of the invention is to provide a drum which allows to have, in output, shag with preset humidity values even during operation in transient conditions, as when the mixture of tobacco to be dried is changed or when the line is emptied completely.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a drum which associates with the preceding characteristics that of being structurally simple, manufacturable with conventional facilities and known machines, as well as reliable and safe in use.
- This aim, the objects mentioned and others which will become apparent hereinafter are achieved by a rotary conditioning drum, particularly for drying tobacco, which comprises heating means such as a gas or oil burner or steam heating means, said means comprising, in the latter case, longitudinal heating units constituted by bundles of tubes which are connected to a delivery manifold for injecting steam, characterized in that it comprises at least one conveyor element movable axially with respect to said drum and being actuated by an external humidity measurement unit and by means for controlling the thermal capacity of said drum, said drum comprising, in the case of steam heating, means for collecting and recovering the condensate, said collecting means being arranged at the tobacco feed side.
- Advantageously, said conveyor element is constituted by a conveyor belt.
- Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the detailed description of a particular but not exclusive embodiment, illustrated only by way of non-limitative example in the accompanying drawings, wherein:
- figure 1 is a view of the rotary conditioning drum according to the invention, together with the tobacco feed means;
- figure 2 illustrates some of the possible arrangements of the conveyor element inside the drum.
- With reference to the above figures, the reference numeral 1 indicates the rotary conditioning drum, which constitutes a component of a drying line constituted by a silo 2 for storing shag, fed at an adjacent loader 3. An appropriate
hopper metering unit 4, unloads said shag from the loader 3 at abelt weighing machine 5. - Said weighing machine then deposits the shag at a first vibrating conveyor 6, which unloads the shag inside the rotary conditioning drum 1, wherefrom the dried product is discharged at a second vibrating conveyor 7.
- The rotary conditioning drum 1 is inclined, with respect to the
resting plane 8, so that thefeed end 9 is arranged at a greater distance from said resting plane with respect to the distance of theend 10 for unloading the dried shag. - The rotary conditioning drum 1 comprises at least one
conveyor element 11 which is arranged at the axis of the drum and can slide axially inside said drum. - Advantageously, the
conveyor belt 11 is mounted on rails orguides 12 and is moved by motor means such as a direct-current motor which allows axial movement of theconveyor element 11 inside the drum 1, to the point at which the shag is at the required degree of humidity. - Said degree of humidity is detected by means of a
first measurement unit 13, arranged at thebelt weighing machine 5, and by asecond measurement unit 14, arranged at the end of the second vibrating conveyor 7 opposite to the unloadingend 9 of the rotary conditioning drum 1. - Said
second measurement unit 14, together with means for controlling the drum thermal capacity which are appropriately controlled by an electronic program, allows to control the humidity of the shag, actuating, if said humidity deviates from the desired value, the movement of theconveyor belt 11 inside the drum 1 up to the point at which the shag has the required humidity. - This check is very rapid, and adjustment means are provided for controlling the speed of said
conveyor belt 11. - It is thus possible to consequently have an extremely rapid and precise response even during transient steps for which it is possible to hypothesize, for the
conveyor belt 11, an initial position which is fully inside the drum and subsequently its extraction as time elapses until the process stabilizes at canonical values. - The drum furthermore has, in the case of steam heating, means for collecting and recovering the condensate. The recovery means are constituted by tubes coiled in a helix inside the drum. The means for collecting the condensate are arranged outside the drum at the
feed end 9. - This last requirement arises from the fact that in order to insert the
conveyor belt 11 inside the drum it is convenient to free from any possible obstacle theunloading end 10 of said drum. - It has thus been observed that the invention has achieved the intended aim and objects, a rotary conditioning drum having been obtained which allows to lower the relative humidity of the shag to preset values and with an excellent maximum tolerance even during operation in transient conditions, considerably containing the waste constituted by excessively dry or excessively humid product.
- The mobility of the
conveyor belt 11 inside the drum in fact allows to extract the shag if it has the required degree of humidity in a very rapid manner and with considerable ease in execution. - Therefore, instead of varying the thermal capacity of the drum according to the described prior art, the presence of the
second measurement unit 14 and of the means for controlling the thermal capacity of the drum allow to activate the movement of the conveyor belt, and said control can be handled by an electronic program which is per se extremely simplified, since it must handle and control a very small number of parameters with respect to what occurred in the prior art. - The invention is naturally susceptible to numerous modifications and variations, all of which are within the scope of the same inventive concept.
- Thus, the dimensions and the materials which constitute the individual components of the drum may be the most pertinent according to the specific requirements.
- Where technical features mentioned in any claim are followed by reference signs, those reference signs have been included for the sole purpose of increasing the intelligibility of the claims and accordingly, such reference signs do not have any limiting effect on the scope of each element identified by way of example by such reference signs.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69009479T DE69009479T2 (en) | 1990-10-17 | 1990-10-17 | Rotating conditioning drum, especially for drying tobacco. |
EP90119870A EP0481110B1 (en) | 1990-10-17 | 1990-10-17 | Rotary conditioning drum, particularly for drying tobacco |
AT90119870T ATE106197T1 (en) | 1990-10-17 | 1990-10-17 | ROTARY CONDITIONING DRUM, ESPECIALLY FOR DRYING TOBACCO. |
ES90119870T ES2055844T3 (en) | 1990-10-17 | 1990-10-17 | ROTATING CONDITIONING DRUM, IN PARTICULAR FOR DRYING TOBACCO. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP90119870A EP0481110B1 (en) | 1990-10-17 | 1990-10-17 | Rotary conditioning drum, particularly for drying tobacco |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0481110A1 true EP0481110A1 (en) | 1992-04-22 |
EP0481110B1 EP0481110B1 (en) | 1994-06-01 |
Family
ID=8204622
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90119870A Expired - Lifetime EP0481110B1 (en) | 1990-10-17 | 1990-10-17 | Rotary conditioning drum, particularly for drying tobacco |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0481110B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE106197T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69009479T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2055844T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB201803905D0 (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-04-25 | British American Tobacco Investments Ltd | Methods for treating tobacco, material, apparatus for treating tobacco material, treated tobacco material and uses thereof |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB738078A (en) * | 1952-02-25 | 1955-10-05 | Arthur Crossley | Improvements in tubular braided fabric |
US3787985A (en) * | 1972-08-14 | 1974-01-29 | Industrial Nucleonics Corp | Dryer control system and method |
US3905123A (en) * | 1973-10-15 | 1975-09-16 | Industrial Nucleonics Corp | Method and apparatus for controlling a tobacco dryer |
FR2406791A1 (en) * | 1977-10-21 | 1979-05-18 | Quester Fa Wilh | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PERFORMING PROCESSING OPERATIONS FOR MATERIALS IN BULK OR EQUIVALENT |
EP0165578A2 (en) * | 1984-06-21 | 1985-12-27 | Japan Tobacco Inc. | Process for the temperature control of a drying apparatus for tabacco leaves |
-
1990
- 1990-10-17 ES ES90119870T patent/ES2055844T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-10-17 AT AT90119870T patent/ATE106197T1/en active
- 1990-10-17 EP EP90119870A patent/EP0481110B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-10-17 DE DE69009479T patent/DE69009479T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB738078A (en) * | 1952-02-25 | 1955-10-05 | Arthur Crossley | Improvements in tubular braided fabric |
US3787985A (en) * | 1972-08-14 | 1974-01-29 | Industrial Nucleonics Corp | Dryer control system and method |
US3905123A (en) * | 1973-10-15 | 1975-09-16 | Industrial Nucleonics Corp | Method and apparatus for controlling a tobacco dryer |
FR2406791A1 (en) * | 1977-10-21 | 1979-05-18 | Quester Fa Wilh | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PERFORMING PROCESSING OPERATIONS FOR MATERIALS IN BULK OR EQUIVALENT |
EP0165578A2 (en) * | 1984-06-21 | 1985-12-27 | Japan Tobacco Inc. | Process for the temperature control of a drying apparatus for tabacco leaves |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0481110B1 (en) | 1994-06-01 |
ES2055844T3 (en) | 1994-09-01 |
ATE106197T1 (en) | 1994-06-15 |
DE69009479T2 (en) | 1994-09-15 |
DE69009479D1 (en) | 1994-07-07 |
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