EP0477687B1 - Method and device for the protection of roofs, terraces and the like from the sun - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing an oblique hollow cylinder, which serves as a partial sun protection element and is open at the top and bottom.

From FR-A-2 287 557 a method for producing sun protection elements is known.

The object of the invention is to further develop a corresponding manufacturing process in such a way that an effective partial sun protection element can be produced in a simple manner and with simple means.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that clay is used as the starting material, the clay is extruded in a cylindrical hollow strand and the individual elements are separated by one or two miter cuts.

In southern countries in particular, but also in Central European latitudes, there is a need to protect terraces, roofs, swimming pools and the like from direct sunlight, in particular in order to avoid excessive radiation and heating of the structures.

On the other hand, the access of air and light should not be unnecessarily hindered, the drainage of rainwater should be made possible and an unnecessary load on a shield by snow should be avoided.

Clay is a material that is relatively easy to form in the unfired state and has proven itself as a building material when fired.

The manufacturing process is not explained in more detail in FR-A-2 287 557, which relates to overall sun protection elements. The materials used are "concrete, bois, metal, ou tout autres materiaux plastic ou derivée".

In US-A-2 441 819 only "rubber, plastic material, waterproof fabric or synthetic material" is specified.

FR-A-1 463 000 shows an overall lamellar arrangement.

The (resulting) oblique-cylindrical shape of the partial element according to the invention permits a respective adaptation to the main direction of sunshine of the application site by appropriate alignment of the oblique cylinder.

An oblique cylinder is, as usual, a cylinder in which at least one of the two end surfaces, the bottom or the top surface, is not perpendicular, i.e. H. not at a 90 ° angle to the cylinder axis.

Bottom surface is understood here to mean the (essentially imagined; since it is a hollow cylinder, only existing as an annular surface) surface which faces the surface to be protected, while the top surface is the other surface.

The extruded strand is preferably dimensioned such that the cross-sectional area of the cylinder wall, which may be proportional, is 1/60 to 1/10 of the cross-sectional area of the cavity in the dried or fired end product. In special cases the ratio is between 1/10 and 1/4. That is, it should be relatively thin-walled cylinders.

This does not affect the light shielding effect, but the additional static load from the sun protection measures can be kept low.

Cross-sectional area is understood to mean the area of a cut that is perpendicular to the cylinder axis.

The word "proportionate" is inserted because, as will be explained below, several hollow cylinders of this type may form an integral structure.

The distance between the miter cuts is preferably such that the length of the axis of the dried or fired cylinder is 1 to 20 times the root of the cross-sectional area of the cavity. Direct irradiation of the surface arranged under the hollow cylinder can thereby be reliably prevented for different angles of incidence of the sun.

The axis of the cylinder is understood (even in the case of non-parallel floor and cover surfaces) to be the connection of the centroids of the imaginary floor and cover surfaces covering the cavity.

The miter angle is preferably dimensioned such that the bottom surface of the cylinder has an angle to a plane perpendicular to the cylinder axis which is approximately equal to the angle of the surface to be protected from the sun to the horizontal plane.

Then, with the axis of the cylinder perpendicular to the horizontal, that is perpendicular, the bottom surface is arranged at least approximately parallel to the surface to be protected.

The miter angles of two miter cuts producing the hollow cylinder are preferably the same.

Because of the miter cuts, the cylinder preferably has at least one oblique top surface. It is then arranged with the axis vertical (ie vertical) so that the highest point of the mantle, viewed from the axis, points in the direction of the highest average position of the sun.

The miter angles of two miter cuts producing the hollow cylinder are preferably the same.

As a result, the hollow cylinder has an inclined base surface and a cover surface parallel to it, the base surface advantageously being arranged parallel to the surface to be protected from the sun and the cylinder axis being arranged such that it faces north.

As a result, direct exposure of the area to be protected by the sun can be safely avoided even in areas with a very high position of the sun.

The extrusion strand preferably has a plurality of parallel hollow cylinders.

The sun protection element is particularly preferably a hollow brick with a rectangular base area. Such a hollow brick can essentially be produced and installed using techniques which are also used in the known hollow bricks.

An uneven edge is preferably produced in the separating cut.

The uneven edge can be an irregular unevenness, but it can also be a sawtooth-like, corrugated or with small supports of the bottom surface.

A certain distance of the sun protection elements from the surface to be protected by them can thus be achieved in a simple manner. This makes heat transfer difficult and it is e.g. B. possible that the rainwater penetrating into the cavities open at the top and bottom can flow freely again.

The invention also relates to a sun protection element in which several oblique hollow cylinders of the same type, open at the top and bottom, are connected to form an overall element. Such a sun protection element is known, at least as a result, from FR-A-2 287 557.

Such a sun protection element is to be improved and, in particular, to be adapted to the conditions in those countries in which it is predominantly used.

This is achieved in that the cylinders consist of clay which has been extruded in a cylindrical hollow strand and the cylinders have been separated by one or two miter cuts, and the similar cylinders are baked to form an overall element.

As is known per se, it is expedient to also have larger sun protection elements at hand for construction measures, which can be handled as a unit and correspondingly easily attached.

The baked hollow cylinders preferably have parallel floor and ceiling surfaces and the same axis lengths and are baked in such a way that the floor and ceiling surfaces each lie in one plane.

In this way, flat structures can be created with a larger number of hollow cylinders, which overall have a uniform height and parallel bottom and top surfaces. These can then be laid on roof areas or z. B. be installed above head height over terraces.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of preferred exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, to which express reference is made to the disclosure.

Fig. 1:

Schematisch ein Sonnenschutzelement aus drei Sonnenschutz-Teilelementen, im Schnitt;

Fig. 2:

Schematisch eine Aufsicht auf ein Sonnenschutzelement aus acht Sonnenschutz-Teilelementen mit achteckigem bzw. viereckigem Querschnitt;

Fig. 3:

Schematisch einen Verfahrensschritt zur Herstellung von Sonnenschutzelementen gemäß der Erfindung;

Fig. 4:

Eine Aufsicht auf ein Sonnenschutzelement mit rechteckiger Grundfläche, das einstückig aus schiefen Hohlzylindern mit viereckigem bzw. dreieckigem Querschnitt aufgebaut ist;

Fig. 5:

Einen Schnitt an der Linie X-X der Fig. 4;

Fig. 6:

Ein Sonnenschutzelement, das integral aus gleichartigen Zylindern mit rechteckigem Querschnitt aufgebaut ist;

Fig. 7:

Einen Schnitt an der Linie X′-X′ der Fig. 6.

Show it:

Fig. 1:

Schematically a sun protection element from three sun protection sub-elements, in section;

Fig. 2:

Schematic is a top view of a sun protection element made up of eight partial sun protection elements with an octagonal or square cross section;

Fig. 3:

Schematically a process step for the production of sun protection elements according to the invention;

Fig. 4:

A top view of a sun protection element with a rectangular base, which is constructed in one piece from oblique hollow cylinders with a square or triangular cross section;

Fig. 5:

A section on the line XX of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6:

A sun protection element which is integrally constructed from cylinders of the same type with a rectangular cross section;

Fig. 7:

A section on the line X'-X 'of FIG. 6.

1 shows in section three partial sun protection elements 2, 4, 6 according to the invention, which are connected integrally or in one piece to form a sun protection element 1.

The sub-elements 2, 4, 6 have octagonal bottom surfaces 12, 14, 16 and octagonal, parallel top surfaces 22, 24, 26. The respective central axes are indicated at 32, 34 and 36 and are at an angle α, in the embodiment of 60 °, to the floor and top surfaces.

The entire sun protection element (also shown in Fig. 2) is on the roof surface 40 somewhat at a distance from the roof surface 40 by means of intermediate pieces, e.g. Plastic supports, stored, of which the intermediate pieces 50 and 60 are visible in Fig. 1. The incidence of the sun's rays is indicated at 70 and their angle of incidence γ on the cover surfaces is the maximum angle of incidence for a given location. The (always) in the shadow areas of the hollow cylinder are hatched and it is shown in particular that with the appropriate choice of height h, the angle of the cylinder axis α to the bottom surface and the diameter of the partial elements, here 1/3 a, the roof of the Sun rays are no longer hit. This is also achieved by aligning the cylinder axes to the north.

Accordingly, a terrace, which would then be located at a greater distance from the sub-elements 2 or 4 or 6 than the roof 40, can be protected from direct sunlight.

FIG. 2 shows a top view of the sun protection element of FIG. 1, the same or corresponding elements being provided with the same reference symbols. The section for Fig. 1 is indicated on the line X-X.

From Fig. 2 it can be seen that the sub-element in addition to the hollow cylinders 2, 4 and 6 also has octagonal hollow cylinders 3, 5 and 7, which, however, with the hollow cylinders 2, 4 and 6 - like these with each other - in one piece by partially common walls are trained.

The composition of the regular octagonal shape of the floor and top surfaces also creates additional hollow cylinders 8 and 9 with square bottom and top surfaces. Such additional hollow cylinders also arise when several sun protection elements of FIG. 2 are put together to form a flat sun protection cover.

Fig. 3 shows a manufacturing method for sun protection elements according to the invention, e.g. acc. Fig. 4. A clay strand 20 is extruded from an extrusion die of a press 10, which would result in normal hollow blocks in cuts perpendicular to the direction of ejection. According to the invention, a miter cut is now carried out at a (variable, adapted to the respective intended use) cutting angle β to the flow direction A, so that sun protection elements according to the invention are produced which have flat, mutually parallel bottom and top surfaces and contain oblique hollow cylinders.

FIG. 4 shows a plan view of a further embodiment of a sun protection element that can be produced using the method according to FIG. 3, and FIG. 5 shows a section X-X through FIG. 4.

Fig. 6 shows yet another embodiment with a different orientation of the surface edges of the cylindrical hollow cylinder, but with the same axis orientation and Fig. 7 is a section on the line X'-X 'of FIG. 6th

The partial sun protection elements, in particular those made of clay, can also be provided with a lime paint to reduce the effect of the sun's rays.

In order to attach the sun protection elements to arched roofs, e.g. in workshops, they can be attached to the outside with a galvanized wire mesh.

Claims (11)

1. A process for producing an inclined hollow cylinder open at the top and bottom and acting as a sun-protection partial member, characterized in that clay is used as the starting material, the clay is extruded in a cylindrical hollow billet and the individual members are separated by one or two mitre cuts.
2. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that the extruded billet is so dimensioned that, with a dried or fired end product, the possibly shared cross-sectional area of the cylinder wall amounts to from 1/60 to 1/10 of the cross-sectional area of the hollow space.
3. A process according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the distance between the mitre cuts is such that the length of the axis of the dried or fired cylinder amounts to from 1 to 20 times the root of the cross-sectional area of the hollow space.
4. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the mitre angle is such that the base area of the cylinder forms an angle with a plane perpendicular to the cylinder axis which is approximately equal to the angle between the sun-protection area and the horizontal plane.
5. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the mitre angles of two mitre cuts generating the hollow cylinder are equal.
6. A process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the extrusion billet comprises several parallel hollow cylinders.
7. A process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an uneven edge is produced during the separating cut.
8. A sun-protection element, in which a plurality of like, inclined hollow cylinders open at the top and bottom are connected to form a whole element, characterized in that the cylinders consist of clay which has been extruded in a cylindrical hollow billet, the cylinders being separated by one or two mitre cuts and the like cylinders being fired to form a whole element.
9. A sun-protection element according to claim 8, characterized in that the fired hollow cylinders have parallel base and cover surfaces as well as the same axial lengths and are fired in such a way that the base and cover surfaces lie in one plane.
10. A sun-protection element according to claim 8 or claim 9, characterized in that the shared cross-sectional area of the walls of the sun-protection element amounts to from 1/60 to 1/10 of the cross-sectional area of the hollow spaces.
11. A sun-protection element according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the axial length of the cylinders amounts to from one to twenty times the root of the cross-sectional area of the respective hollow space.

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