EP0476182B1 - Electromagnetic power relais with a sliding actuator - Google Patents

Electromagnetic power relais with a sliding actuator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0476182B1
EP0476182B1 EP90124826A EP90124826A EP0476182B1 EP 0476182 B1 EP0476182 B1 EP 0476182B1 EP 90124826 A EP90124826 A EP 90124826A EP 90124826 A EP90124826 A EP 90124826A EP 0476182 B1 EP0476182 B1 EP 0476182B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
leaf spring
spring
contact
slide
relay
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP90124826A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0476182A3 (en
EP0476182A2 (en
EP0476182B2 (en
Inventor
Helmut Dipl.-Ing.(Fh) Schedele
Franz Ing. Rappl (Grad.)
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication of EP0476182A2 publication Critical patent/EP0476182A2/en
Publication of EP0476182A3 publication Critical patent/EP0476182A3/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/64—Driving arrangements between movable part of magnetic circuit and contact
    • H01H50/641—Driving arrangements between movable part of magnetic circuit and contact intermediate part performing a rectilinear movement
    • H01H50/642—Driving arrangements between movable part of magnetic circuit and contact intermediate part performing a rectilinear movement intermediate part being generally a slide plate, e.g. a card

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic power relay with a contact set which has at least one fixed mating contact element and a movable contact element in the form of a leaf spring clamped on one side, and with a magnet system, the armature of which acts on the latter via a slide which can be moved approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the leaf spring, around the latter to move from a rest position to a working position.
  • Such a power relay is described for example in DE 29 12 800 A1.
  • To actuate the center contact spring there is a card-shaped slide which engages with a parallel end edge on the broad side of the contact spring.
  • the contact spring is pivoted evenly around its clamping point.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to enable safe switching with a given spring cross-section and given dimensions of the spring length and the magnet system.
  • this object is achieved in that the slide acts on the broad side of the leaf spring off-center only in an edge region.
  • the construction according to the invention thus actuates the leaf spring asymmetrically, which leads to torsion of the leaf spring during the switching process, as a result of which a reduced spring rate comes into effect.
  • a weaker and smaller magnet system can be used, which nevertheless switches the contact spring safely, or a magnet system can be used with the same size that requires less power, i.e. is more sensitive and thus electrically cheaper is controllable.
  • Generous manufacturing tolerances can also be permitted, which makes manufacturing cheaper.
  • the torsion movement also increases the burn-off safety or enables a larger contact opening. Another advantage of this torsional movement is that welded contacts are more easily torn open. This effect is known in principle, for example from EP 0 326 116 A1.
  • the contact piece of the contact spring is arranged offset from the central axis of the contact spring opposite to the actuation point.
  • the slider itself can be in the form of a card, the end of which faces the leaf spring is approximately U-shaped, the two outer legs of the U-profile engaging in guide cutouts in both edge regions of the leaf spring and the central part of the U-profile only on one side of the leaf spring attacks.
  • the middle part of the U-profile, following an outer leg, can have a short actuating section running parallel to the leaf spring surface and then an edge section cut away from the leaf spring.
  • the relay shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 has a base body 1 with a base part 2 and an essentially vertical partition 3, with which a magnet system space 4 is separated from a contact space 5.
  • the magnet system has a coil 6, a yoke 7 and an armature 8, the switching movement of which is transmitted to a contact spring 10 via a slide 9, which will be described later.
  • the contact spring 10 in turn works together with a fixed counter-contact element 11.
  • An NC contact is shown in the example.
  • a different arrangement of the counter-contact element can of course also provide a make contact or a changeover contact.
  • a spring support 12 for the contact spring 10 is inserted from one outside into a receiving slot 13 of the base body, fixed with a tab 14 and additionally anchored by interlocking a fastening pin 14a.
  • the mating contact element 11 is inserted into a corresponding receiving slot 15 of the base body and additionally anchored by means of a tab 16.
  • the contact spring 10 and the counter-contact element 11 are thus essentially perpendicular to the bottom of the base body and run approximately parallel to one another, overlapping with their contacting areas. As far as the respective mutual ge distance to their connecting parts, the contact spring 10 and the mating contact element 11 extend over a large part of the width of the relay. They therefore have a large cross section for carrying high currents.
  • connection rail 12a or 11a in the region of the base of the base body 1, both of which extend along the outer wall of the base body in the direction of the front side 17 of the relay. They thus run between the base body 1 and the side walls of a cap 18, which together with the base body forms the housing.
  • an additional cover plate 19 is provided on the underside for sealing. Outside the housing then solder pins 20 and up flat tabs 21 are formed on the connecting rails 11 a and 12 a.
  • This slide consists of a card and has an essentially U-shaped plan with which it encompasses the partition 3. It is coupled to the armature by a first arm 91, while the second arm 92 is in engagement with the contact spring 10.
  • This second arm 92 itself is provided with an approximately U-shaped profile, a first outer leg 93 and a second outer leg 94 engaging in guide cutouts 10a and 10b of the contact spring 10 (see FIG. 3).
  • the middle part of the actuating arm 92 forms a short actuating edge 95 which adjoins the outer leg 93 and which bears on the contact spring 10, while the edge 96 slants backwards laterally in order to enable free torsion of the contact spring 10.
  • the contact piece 10c of the contact spring like the corresponding contact piece 11c of the mating contact element 11, is arranged offset from the central axis of the contact spring opposite to the actuating edge 95. As a result, the effect of spring torsion comes into its own particularly well.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
  • Video Image Reproduction Devices For Color Tv Systems (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)

Abstract

The relay has a leaf spring (10) as a moving contact element, which is actuated by the armature via a board-shaped slide (9). This slide engages on the leaf spring eccentrically in an edge region (95), as a result of which the leaf spring (10) is twisted during the switching process. In this way, the curve of the spring set can be optimally matched to the force-movement curve of the magnet system so that a smaller magnet system can be used than in the case of conventional activation for given dimensions of the spring and of the complete relay. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektromagnetisches Leistungsrelais mit einem Kontaktsatz, der zumindest ein feststehendes Gegenkontaktelement und ein bewegliches Kontaktelement in Form einer einseitig eingespannten Blattfeder aufweist, und mit einem Magnetsystem, dessen Anker über einen annähernd senkrecht zur Längsausdehnung der Blattfeder bewegbaren Schieber auf letztere einwirkt, um sie aus einer Ruheposition in eine Arbeitsposition zu verstellen.The invention relates to an electromagnetic power relay with a contact set which has at least one fixed mating contact element and a movable contact element in the form of a leaf spring clamped on one side, and with a magnet system, the armature of which acts on the latter via a slide which can be moved approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the leaf spring, around the latter to move from a rest position to a working position.

Ein derartiges Leistungsrelais ist beispielsweise in der DE 29 12 800 A1 beschrieben. Zur Betätigung der Mittelkontaktfeder dient dort ein kartenförmiger Schieber, der mit einer parallel liegenden Endkante an der Breitseite der Kontaktfeder angreift. Die Kontaktfeder wird dabei gleichmäßig um ihre Einspannstelle geschwenkt.Such a power relay is described for example in DE 29 12 800 A1. To actuate the center contact spring there is a card-shaped slide which engages with a parallel end edge on the broad side of the contact spring. The contact spring is pivoted evenly around its clamping point.

Bei Leistungsrelais mit Kontaktfedern besteht das Problem, daß diese Blattfedern einen ausreichenden Querschnitt aufweisen müssen, um den Schaltstrom ohne unzulässig hohe Erwärmung führen zu können. Ein großer Federquerschnitt bewirkt aber andererseits eine hohe Federrate, d. h., eine entsprechend große Steifigkeit. Um bei vorgegebener Federlänge eine solche Feder zu betätigen, müßte also bei Vergrößerung des Schaltstroms und der damit verbundenen Vergrößerung des Federquerschnitts auch ein größeres Magnetsystem eingesetzt werden, damit der Anker die Feder auch sicher schalten kann. Im Zuge der allgemein angestrebten Miniaturisierung auch der Leistungsrelais sind jedoch einer Vergrößerung der Federlängen und des Magnetsystems Grenzen gesetzt.The problem with power relays with contact springs is that these leaf springs must have a sufficient cross-section in order to be able to carry the switching current without excessive heating. A large spring cross-section, on the other hand, causes a high spring rate, i.e. that is, a correspondingly high rigidity. In order to actuate such a spring with a given spring length, a larger magnet system would also have to be used when the switching current and the associated increase in the spring cross section are increased, so that the armature can also switch the spring safely. In the course of the generally desired miniaturization of the power relays, there are limits to increasing the spring lengths and the magnet system.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es deshalb, bei vorgegebenem Federquerschnitt und vorgegebenen Abmessungen der Federlänge und des Magnetsystems ein sicheres Schalten zu ermöglichen.The object of the invention is therefore to enable safe switching with a given spring cross-section and given dimensions of the spring length and the magnet system.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß der Schieber an der Breitseite der Blattfeder außermittig lediglich in einem Randbereich angreift.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the slide acts on the broad side of the leaf spring off-center only in an edge region.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Konstruktion wird somit die Blattfeder asymmetrisch betätigt, was während des Schaltvorgangs zu einer Torsion der Blattfeder führt, wodurch eine verminderte Federrate zur Wirkung kommt. Gegenüber einem System mit gleichmäßig über die Federbreite angreifendem Schieber kann somit ein schwächeres und kleineres Magnetsystem eingesetzt werden, welches trotzdem die Kontaktfeder sicher schaltet, oder es kann bei gleicher Größe ein Magnetsystem eingesetzt werden, das weniger Leistung benötigt, also sensitiver ist und damit elektrisch günstiger ansteuerbar ist. Auch können großzügigere Fertigungstoleranzen zugelassen werden, wodurch sich die Herstellung verbilligt. Durch die Torsionsbewegung wird aber auch die Abbrandsicherheit erhöht bzw. eine größere Kontaktöffnung ermöglicht. Ein weiterer Vorteil dieser Torsionsbewegung besteht darin, daß verschweißte Kontakte leichter aufgerissen werden. Dieser Effekt ist grundsätzlich bekannt, beispielsweise aus EP 0 326 116 A1.The construction according to the invention thus actuates the leaf spring asymmetrically, which leads to torsion of the leaf spring during the switching process, as a result of which a reduced spring rate comes into effect. Compared to a system with a slider that acts uniformly across the spring width, a weaker and smaller magnet system can be used, which nevertheless switches the contact spring safely, or a magnet system can be used with the same size that requires less power, i.e. is more sensitive and thus electrically cheaper is controllable. Generous manufacturing tolerances can also be permitted, which makes manufacturing cheaper. The torsion movement also increases the burn-off safety or enables a larger contact opening. Another advantage of this torsional movement is that welded contacts are more easily torn open. This effect is known in principle, for example from EP 0 326 116 A1.

Die Wirkung der Federtorsion wird dann noch verstärkt, wenn gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung das Kontaktstück der Kontaktfeder entgegengesetzt zur Betätigungsstelle aus der Mittelachse der Kontaktfeder versetzt angeordnet ist.The effect of the spring torsion is then increased if, according to a further development of the invention, the contact piece of the contact spring is arranged offset from the central axis of the contact spring opposite to the actuation point.

Der Schieber selbst kann die Form einer Karte besitzen, deren der Blattfeder zugewandtes Ende annähernd U-förmig gestaltet ist, wobei die beiden Außenschenkel des U-Profils in Führungsausschnitte in beiden Randbereichen der Blattfeder eingreifen und der Mittelteil des U-Profils lediglich einseitig an der Blattfeder angreift. In einer zweckmäßigen Gestaltung kann dabei der Mittelteil des U-Profils im Anschluß an einen Außenschenkel einen kurzen, zur Blattfederoberfläche parallel verlaufenden Betätigungsabschnitt und daran anschließend einen von der Blattfeder weg freigeschnittenen Kantenabschnitt aufweisen.The slider itself can be in the form of a card, the end of which faces the leaf spring is approximately U-shaped, the two outer legs of the U-profile engaging in guide cutouts in both edge regions of the leaf spring and the central part of the U-profile only on one side of the leaf spring attacks. In an expedient design, the middle part of the U-profile, following an outer leg, can have a short actuating section running parallel to the leaf spring surface and then an edge section cut away from the leaf spring.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend an einem Ausführungsbeispiel anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigt

  • Figur 1 ein erfindungsgemäß gestaltetes Relais in Seitenansicht, teilweise geschnitten,
  • Figur 2 einen Querschnitt 11-11 aus Figur 1 und
  • Figur 3 einen Längsschnitt 111-111 aus Figur 1.
The invention is explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawing. It shows
  • FIG. 1 shows a relay designed according to the invention in a side view, partly in section,
  • Figure 2 shows a cross section 11-11 of Figure 1 and
  • FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section 111-111 from FIG. 1.

Das in den Figuren 1 bis 3 gezeigte Relais besitzt einen Grundkörper 1 mit einem Bodenteil 2 und einer im wesentlichen senkrechten Trennwand 3, mit der ein Magnetsystemraum 4 von einem Kontaktraum 5 getrennt wird. Das Magnetsystem besitzt eine Spule 6, ein Joch 7 und einen Anker 8, dessen Schaltbewegung über einen - später noch näher zu beschreibenden - Schieber 9 auf eine Kontaktfeder 10 übertragen wird. Die Kontaktfeder 10 arbeitet ihrerseits mit einem feststehenden Gegenkontaktelement 11 zusammen. Gezeigt ist im Beispiel ein Öffnerkontakt. Durch andere Anordnung des Gegenkontaktelementes kann natürlich auch ein Schließer oder ein Umschaltkontakt vorgesehen werden.The relay shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 has a base body 1 with a base part 2 and an essentially vertical partition 3, with which a magnet system space 4 is separated from a contact space 5. The magnet system has a coil 6, a yoke 7 and an armature 8, the switching movement of which is transmitted to a contact spring 10 via a slide 9, which will be described later. The contact spring 10 in turn works together with a fixed counter-contact element 11. An NC contact is shown in the example. A different arrangement of the counter-contact element can of course also provide a make contact or a changeover contact.

Ein Federträger 12 fürdie Kontaktfeder 10 ist von der einen Außenseite her in einen Aufnahmeschlitz 13 des Grundkörpers eingesteckt, mit einem Lappen 14 fixiert und zusätzlich durch Verschränken eines Befestigungszapfens 14a verankert. Das Gegenkontaktelement 11 ist in einem entsprechenden Aufnahmeschlitz 15 des Grundkörpers eingesteckt und mittels eines Lappens 16 zusätzlich verankert. Die Kontaktfeder 10 und das Gegenkontaktelement 11 stehen somit im wesentlichen senkrecht auf dem Boden des Grundkörpers und verlaufen annähernd zueinander parallel, wobei sie sich mit ihren kontaktgebenden Bereichen überlappen. Soweit der jeweilige gegenseitige Abstand zu ihren Anschlußteilen es zuläßt, erstrekken sich die Kontaktfeder 10 und das Gegenkontaktelement 11 über einen großen Teil der Breite des Relais. Sie besitzen damit einen großen Querschnitt zum Führen hoher Ströme.A spring support 12 for the contact spring 10 is inserted from one outside into a receiving slot 13 of the base body, fixed with a tab 14 and additionally anchored by interlocking a fastening pin 14a. The mating contact element 11 is inserted into a corresponding receiving slot 15 of the base body and additionally anchored by means of a tab 16. The contact spring 10 and the counter-contact element 11 are thus essentially perpendicular to the bottom of the base body and run approximately parallel to one another, overlapping with their contacting areas. As far as the respective mutual ge distance to their connecting parts, the contact spring 10 and the mating contact element 11 extend over a large part of the width of the relay. They therefore have a large cross section for carrying high currents.

Der Federträger 12 und das Gegenkontaktelement 11 gehen im Bereich des Bodens des Grundkörpers 1 jeweils in eine Anschlußschiene 12a bzw. 11a über, welche sich beide entlang der Außenwand des Grundkörpers in Richtung auf die Stirnseite 17 des Relais erstrecken. Sie verlaufen damit zwischen dem Grundkörper 1 und den Seitenwänden einer Kappe 18, welche zusammen mit dem Grundkörper das Gehäuse bildet. Zur Abdichtung ist übrigens an der Unterseite eine zusätzliche Abdeckplatte 19 vorgesehen. Außerhalb des Gehäuses sind dann an den Anschlußschienen 11 a bzw. 12a nach unten Lötstifte 20 und nach oben Flachstecker 21 angeformt.The spring support 12 and the mating contact element 11 each pass into a connection rail 12a or 11a in the region of the base of the base body 1, both of which extend along the outer wall of the base body in the direction of the front side 17 of the relay. They thus run between the base body 1 and the side walls of a cap 18, which together with the base body forms the housing. Incidentally, an additional cover plate 19 is provided on the underside for sealing. Outside the housing then solder pins 20 and up flat tabs 21 are formed on the connecting rails 11 a and 12 a.

In der Schnittdarstellung von Figur 2 ist die Form des Schiebers 9 genauer zu sehen. Dieser Schieber besteht aus einer Karte und besitzt einen im wesentlichen U-förmigen Grundriß, mit dem er die Trennwand 3 umgreift. Mit einem ersten Arm 91 ist er dabei an den Anker gekoppelt, während der zweite Arm 92 mit der Kontaktfeder 10 im Eingriff ist. Dieser zweite Arm 92 ist selbst mit einem annähernd U-förmigen Profil versehen, wobei ein erster Außenschenkel 93 und ein zweiter Außenschenkel 94 jeweils in Führungsausschnitten 10a und 10b der Kontaktfeder 10 eingreifen (siehe Figur 3). Der Mittelteil des Betätigungsarms 92 bildet im Anschluß an den Außenschenkel 93 eine kurze Betätigungskante 95, welche an der Kontaktfeder 10 anliegt, während die Kante 96 im weiteren Verlauf schräg nach hinten zurückweicht, um eine freie Torsion der Kontaktfeder 10 zu ermöglichen.In the sectional view of Figure 2, the shape of the slide 9 can be seen more precisely. This slide consists of a card and has an essentially U-shaped plan with which it encompasses the partition 3. It is coupled to the armature by a first arm 91, while the second arm 92 is in engagement with the contact spring 10. This second arm 92 itself is provided with an approximately U-shaped profile, a first outer leg 93 and a second outer leg 94 engaging in guide cutouts 10a and 10b of the contact spring 10 (see FIG. 3). The middle part of the actuating arm 92 forms a short actuating edge 95 which adjoins the outer leg 93 and which bears on the contact spring 10, while the edge 96 slants backwards laterally in order to enable free torsion of the contact spring 10.

Das Kontaktstück 10c der Kontaktfeder 10 ist ebenso wie das entsprechende Kontaktstück 11 c des Gegenkontaktelementes 11 entgegengesetzt zu der Betätigungskante 95 aus der Mittelachse der Kontaktfeder versetzt angeordnet. Dadurch kommt die Wirkung der Federtorsion besonders gut zur Geltung.The contact piece 10c of the contact spring 10, like the corresponding contact piece 11c of the mating contact element 11, is arranged offset from the central axis of the contact spring opposite to the actuating edge 95. As a result, the effect of spring torsion comes into its own particularly well.

Bei Erregung des Relais wird also vom Anker 8 der Schieber 9 in Richtung auf die Kontaktfeder 10 bewegt. Zum Eingriff kommt aber lediglich die kurze Betätigungskante 95, während neben diesem Bereich die Kontaktfeder 10 sich frei verdreht. Dadurch legt das Kontaktstück 10c einen geringeren Weg zurück als der Schieber 9, und es ergibt sich eine weichere Federcharakteristik. Das Relais schaltet sicher durch, wobei das Magnetsystem geringer ausgelegt sein kann, als es bei herkömmlicher Betätigung sein müßte. Der Außenschenkel 94 und der ihm benachbarte Bereich 93 des Schiebers 9 hat somit für die Betätigung der Kontaktfeder 10 keine Wirkung. Er dient lediglich dazu, über die Ausschnitte 10a und 10b den Schieber in seiner Ebene zu führen.When the relay is excited, the armature 8 moves the slide 9 in the direction of the contact spring 10. However, only the short actuating edge 95 comes into engagement, while in addition to this area the contact spring 10 rotates freely. As a result, the contact piece 10c travels a shorter distance than the slide 9, and the result is a softer spring characteristic. The relay switches through safely, whereby the magnet system can be designed smaller than it would have to be with conventional actuation. The outer leg 94 and the region 93 of the slide 9 adjacent to it therefore have no effect for the actuation of the contact spring 10. It only serves to guide the slide in its plane via the cutouts 10a and 10b.

Claims (4)

1. Electromagnetic power relay having a contact set which exhibits at least one stationary countercontact element (11) and one movable contact element in the form of a leaf spring (10) clamped at one end, and having a magnet system, the armature (8) of which acts on the leaf spring (10) via a slide (9) movable approximately perpendicularly to the longitudinal extent of the leaf spring (10), in order to displace it from a quiescent position into a working position, characterized in that the slide (9) engages on the broad side of the leaf spring (10) eccentrically only in an edge region (95).
2. Relay according to Claim 1, characterized in that the contact piece (10c) of the leaf spring is displaced opposite to the actuation location (95) from the central axis of the contact spring.
3. Relay according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the slide (9) possesses the shape of a card, that end (92) of which facing the leaf spring (10) is designed to be approximately U-shaped, the two outer legs (93, 94) of the U profile engaging into guide cutouts (1 Oa, 10b) in both edge regions of the leaf spring (10) and the central part of the U profile engaging only at one end (95) on the leaf spring (10).
4. Relay according to Claim 3, characterized in that the central part of the U profile exhibits, adjoining one outer leg (93), a short actuation portion (95), which extends parallel to the surface of the leaf spring, and, adjoining the same, an edge section (96) cut free away from the leaf spring (10).
EP90124826A 1990-09-18 1990-12-19 Electromagnetic power relais with a sliding actuator Expired - Lifetime EP0476182B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9013221U 1990-09-18
DE9013221U DE9013221U1 (en) 1990-09-18 1990-09-18

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0476182A2 EP0476182A2 (en) 1992-03-25
EP0476182A3 EP0476182A3 (en) 1992-09-02
EP0476182B1 true EP0476182B1 (en) 1994-09-28
EP0476182B2 EP0476182B2 (en) 1997-04-16

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EP90124826A Expired - Lifetime EP0476182B2 (en) 1990-09-18 1990-12-19 Electromagnetic power relais with a sliding actuator

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5144270A (en)
EP (1) EP0476182B2 (en)
JP (1) JPH04245126A (en)
AT (1) ATE112414T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2051478A1 (en)
DE (2) DE9013221U1 (en)
PT (1) PT98988B (en)

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JP5720840B2 (en) * 2013-09-27 2015-05-20 オムロン株式会社 Contact mechanism and electromagnetic relay equipped with the same
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FR3082353B1 (en) 2018-06-08 2022-11-04 Langlade & Picard MOBILE SWITCHING DEVICE (F) FOR MONOSTABLE LOW-VOLTAGE ELECTROMAGNETIC RELAY (BETWEEN 110V AND 400V)
JP7183014B2 (en) * 2018-11-30 2022-12-05 富士通コンポーネント株式会社 Electromagnetic relay and method for manufacturing electromagnetic relay
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0476182A3 (en) 1992-09-02
DE59007351D1 (en) 1994-11-03
CA2051478A1 (en) 1992-03-19
JPH04245126A (en) 1992-09-01
PT98988B (en) 1999-01-29
PT98988A (en) 1993-10-29
EP0476182A2 (en) 1992-03-25
US5144270A (en) 1992-09-01
EP0476182B2 (en) 1997-04-16
ATE112414T1 (en) 1994-10-15
DE9013221U1 (en) 1992-01-23

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