EP0475931B1 - Compressor valve - Google Patents

Compressor valve Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0475931B1
EP0475931B1 EP19910890186 EP91890186A EP0475931B1 EP 0475931 B1 EP0475931 B1 EP 0475931B1 EP 19910890186 EP19910890186 EP 19910890186 EP 91890186 A EP91890186 A EP 91890186A EP 0475931 B1 EP0475931 B1 EP 0475931B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stop plate
springs
valve
catcher
closure piece
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19910890186
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0475931A1 (en
Inventor
Hans Hrabal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hoerbiger Ventilwerke GmbH and Co KG
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Hoerbiger Ventilwerke GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP0475931A1 publication Critical patent/EP0475931A1/en
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Publication of EP0475931B1 publication Critical patent/EP0475931B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/10—Adaptations or arrangements of distribution members
    • F04B39/1053—Adaptations or arrangements of distribution members the members being Hoerbigen valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/22—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00 by means of valves
    • F04B49/24—Bypassing
    • F04B49/243—Bypassing by keeping open the inlet valve

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a compressor valve which has a valve seat, a catcher and an annularly or plate-shaped closure piece which is arranged displaceably between them, which controls through-channels in the valve seat and is loaded in the direction of the valve seat by closing springs, and to which a lifting device is assigned which acts with lifting fingers through the valve seat on the closure piece, a stop plate being arranged in the valve between the closure piece and the catcher, which is held by at least one spring at a stop provided at a distance from the valve seat.
  • Plate valves with a lifting device of the type mentioned are known in various designs.
  • the lifting device's task is to keep the valve open against the closing forces acting on the closure piece in order to regulate the delivery rate or to switch the compressor to idle.
  • the lifting device consists of a lifting gripper which acts with lifting fingers through the through-flow channels of the valve seat on the closure piece and is actuated by an actuating device which can be driven pneumatically or hydraulically, for example.
  • the lifting fingers of the lifting gripper restrict the free passage cross section of the valve seat in the flow channels of the valve seat, which is disadvantageous when the compressor is being conveyed and increases its volume resistance.
  • the closure piece is additionally mechanically stressed by the gripper, which acts on the closure piece with the gripper fingers at locations spaced apart from one another. It is therefore usually necessary to make the closure plate thicker than in the case of uncontrolled valves in order to avoid deformations due to the often high closing forces that occur when the medium flows back and to withstand the bending stresses that occur.
  • the closure piece of the valve consists of plastic, e.g. from a plastic plate with slots, because plastic is known to have a lower bending stiffness than the steel otherwise used for the valve parts.
  • plastic In order to avoid excessive stress on plastic closure pieces, it is already known to provide the lifting gripper with more lifting fingers.
  • the invention has for its object to improve the previously known valves with a lifting device so that the mechanical stress of the closure piece without needing to increase the number of lifting fingers is not disadvantageously increased when the valve is forced open.
  • this object is achieved in that the force of the springs which press the stop plate against the stop is greater than the flow forces acting in the opening direction on the closure piece and the stop plate by means of the lifting device against the force of the springs acting against it Catcher can be moved and pressed against it.
  • the stop plate provided according to the invention actually forms an end stop for the closure piece.
  • the correspondingly large spring force acting on the stop plate prevents the stop plate from being significantly shifted against the catcher during normal operation of the valve in full load operation.
  • the lifting device When the lifting device is activated to e.g. to switch to idle, the lifting device first presses the closure piece against the force of the closing springs against the stop plate and then shifts the closure plate together with the stop plate against the catcher.
  • the stroke of the closure piece is thus in the idle mode by the displacement of Stop plate enlarged.
  • the flow forces acting on the closure piece which are known to increase sharply with the flow velocity, are likewise correspondingly small.
  • the closure piece is therefore only exposed to small stresses overall, so that even if it consists of less solid material, for example plastic, only a small number of lifting fingers is required.
  • At least a part of the closing springs loading the closure piece is supported on the stop plate.
  • the valve acting on the closure piece closing springs which are guided and supported on the stop plate as in the case of valves with a conventional catcher, as well as additional, stronger springs which hold the stop plate against its force against the force of the closing springs.
  • this stop can also consist of several parts or several stops can be provided for the stop plate, e.g. in the center of the valve, in the peripheral area of the stop plate or in the area in between.
  • closing springs are supported at least in part on the catcher and act on the closure piece through openings in the stop plate. At this Training, closing springs supported on the stop plate are superfluous.
  • the closing springs can be guided in the stop plate. There is then no need for a guide in the catcher, and when using coil springs, the springs with their outer diameter are not chafed in the spring nests in the catcher.
  • An advantageous embodiment is that the springs each act on a guide pin which is slidably guided in a bore in the stop plate. This bolt transmits the spring force to the closure piece.
  • Another significant advantage of the design according to the invention is that no uncontrolled impact forces are exerted on the catcher, which can therefore be made considerably thinner and weaker than in conventional valves.
  • the arrangement according to the invention can be advantageously used both in valves with a so-called safety catcher and in versions with a self-supporting catcher. Twisting of the closure piece is also avoided, which is particularly important if it is designed as a plate.
  • FIG. 1 shows an axial central section through a compressor valve according to the invention with a lifting device
  • Fig. 2 shows a central section through another embodiment of the valve according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 shows a detail of a further variant.
  • the compressor valve according to the invention consists of a valve seat 1 which has through-channels 2 for the medium conveyed by the compressor, which are controlled by a plate-shaped closure piece 3.
  • a catcher 4 is assigned to the valve seat 1 and is connected to the valve seat 1 by a central central screw 5.
  • a stop plate 8 is guided in the stroke direction of the closure piece 3 in the valve.
  • the stop plate 8 is loaded in the direction of the valve seat 1 by springs 9, which are supported in spring nests of the catcher 4. Own stops 10 keep the stop plate 8 at a distance from the valve seat 1, so that the closure piece 3 can carry out its lifting movement.
  • the stop plate 8 forms normal operation of the valve, the end stop for the lifting movement of the closure member 3.
  • springs 11 On the stop plate 8 are also supported springs 11, which act on the closure member 3 and may consist of spring plates or coil springs in a known manner. Damper plates, handlebar plates and other internals commonly used in valves can also be provided.
  • a lifting device 12 is assigned to the valve shown, which acts with lifting fingers 13 through the through-channels 2 of the valve seat on the closure piece 3.
  • the lifting device 12 is conventionally centered on the central screw 5 and is actuated in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 by a pneumatic or hydraulic actuating device 14 with a membrane. With 15 a return spring for the lifting device 12 is designated.
  • the closing springs 11 consist of one or more spring plates which are supported on the stop plate 8, possibly together with damper or cushion plates, which are also provided.
  • the stops 10 for the stop plate 8 consist of pin-shaped bodies which are attached to the valve seat 1 and protrude against the stop plate 8.
  • the springs 9 are designed to be relatively strong, so that they hold the stop plate 8 against the flow forces occurring during normal valve operation at the stops 10.
  • the stop plate 8 is loaded by springs 9 seated in the catcher 4.
  • the stops 10, through which the stop plate 8 is held at a distance from the valve seat 1, are formed here by claw-like projections which project radially and axially beyond the stop plate 8 and are supported on the valve seat 1.
  • the closing springs 11 for the closure piece 3 are helical springs seated in the stop plate 8.
  • a damper plate 16 is shown in FIG is loaded by its own damper springs 17.
  • the lifting device 12 is only partially shown.
  • the return spring 15 is supported directly on the valve seat 1.
  • Both the plate-shaped closure piece 3 and the damper plate 16 are provided with links and clamped between the spacer ring 6 and the valve seat 1 via a hub. With 18 a centering pin is designated, which is fastened in the valve seat 1, passes through the closure piece 3 and the damper plate 16 and protrudes into a bore in the stop plate 8.
  • the stop 10 for the stop plate 8 is formed from a shoulder of the spacer ring 6.
  • the stop plate 8 is held against the flow forces at the stop 10 by springs 9 also provided here.
  • the closing springs 11 for the closure piece 3 are also supported on the catcher 4 itself in this embodiment. They act on a guide pin 19 which passes through the stop plate 8, is guided in a bore 20 of the same and acts on the closure piece 3 with its end.
  • the lifting device is indicated in this exemplary embodiment only by a lifting finger 13, which acts on the closure piece 3 through a through channel 2 of the valve seat 1.
  • the catcher 4 is designed to be self-supporting, as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, whereas a so-called safety catcher 4 is provided according to FIG. 2, which is clamped together at its edge with the valve seat 1.
  • valves shown The function of the valves shown is the same in all exemplary embodiments.
  • the closure piece 3 With normal promotion of the compressor, that is, when the lifting fingers 13 are retracted by the return spring 15 of the lifting device 12 from the closure piece 3, as shown in the drawings, the closure piece 3 can carry out its lifting movements freely, the stop plate 8 serving as an end stop.
  • the lifting device 12 is actuated, e.g.
  • the actuating device 14 shown in Fig. 1 is acted upon by a pressure medium, whereupon the lifting fingers 13 press the closure piece 3 against the force of the return spring 15 first against the stop plate 8 and subsequently also the stop plate 8 lifts off their stops 10 and against the force of the Presses springs 9 to catcher 4.
  • the medium sucked in by the compressor can flow freely through the then open valve in both directions when the closure piece 3 is lifted off.
  • the stroke of the closure piece 3 is increased by the displacement path of the stop plate 8, so that the free passage cross section through the valve is correspondingly large in this area, which results in a reduction in the flow velocity of the medium.
  • the valve is forcibly kept open, the flow forces acting on the closure piece 3 are thus significantly reduced, so that the stress on the closure piece 3 is also reduced to the same extent. A disadvantageous twisting of the plate-shaped closure piece 3 is prevented.
  • valve in particular the spacer ring 6, which in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 3 also acts as a guide ring for the sliding guidance of the closure piece 3 and other provided valve parts, and also for the displaceable stop plate 8, can also be made of ceramic material consist.
  • Another advantage of the valve according to the invention is that the lifting fingers 13, which are only present in a relatively small number, do not excessively restrict the flow cross-section in the through-channels 2 of the valve seat 1, so that the compressor valve according to the invention overall has a relatively coarse flow cross-section and, associated therewith, a relatively small volume resistance .

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verdichterventil, das einen Ventilsitz, einen Fänger und ein zwischen diesen verschiebbar angeordnetes, ring- oder plattenförmiges Verschlußstück aufweist, das Durchgangskanäle im Ventilsitz steuert und in Richtung auf den Ventilsitz von Schließfedern belastet ist, und dem eine Abhebeeinrichtung zugeordnet ist, die mit Abhebefingern durch den Ventilsitz hindurch auf das Verschlußstück wirkt, wobei zwischen dem Verschlußstück und dem Fänger eine Anschlagplatte im Ventil angeordnet ist, die durch wenigstens eine Feder an einem im Abstand vom Ventilsitz vorgesehenen Anschlag festgehalten ist.The invention relates to a compressor valve which has a valve seat, a catcher and an annularly or plate-shaped closure piece which is arranged displaceably between them, which controls through-channels in the valve seat and is loaded in the direction of the valve seat by closing springs, and to which a lifting device is assigned which acts with lifting fingers through the valve seat on the closure piece, a stop plate being arranged in the valve between the closure piece and the catcher, which is held by at least one spring at a stop provided at a distance from the valve seat.

Plattenventile mit einer Abhebeeinrichtung der angeführten Art sind in verschiedenen Ausführungen bekannt. Aufgabe der Abhebeeinrichtung ist es dabei, das Ventil gegen die auf das Verschlußstück wirkenden Schließkräfte offen zu halten, um dadurch die Fördermenge zu regeln oder den Verdichter auf Leerlauf zu schalten. Bei den bekannten Ausführungen besteht die Abhebeeinrichtung aus einem Abhebegreifer, der mit Abhebefingern durch die Durchströmkanäle des Ventilsitzes hindurch auf das Verschlußstück wirkt und durch eine Stellvorrichtung, die z.B. pneumatisch oder hydraulisch angetrieben werden kann, betätigt wird.Plate valves with a lifting device of the type mentioned are known in various designs. The lifting device's task is to keep the valve open against the closing forces acting on the closure piece in order to regulate the delivery rate or to switch the compressor to idle. In the known designs, the lifting device consists of a lifting gripper which acts with lifting fingers through the through-flow channels of the valve seat on the closure piece and is actuated by an actuating device which can be driven pneumatically or hydraulically, for example.

Die Abhebefinger des Abhebegreifers engen in den Durchströmkanälen des Ventilsitzes den freien Durchgangsquerschnitt des Ventilsitzes ein, was bei der Förderung des Verdichters nachteilig ist und dessen Durchgangswiderstand vergrößert. Außerdem wird das Verschlußstück durch den Greifer, der mit den Greiferfingern an im Abstand voneinander befindlichen Stellen auf das Verschlußstück wirkt, mechanisch zusätzlich beansprucht. Es ist deshalb meist notwendig, die Verschlußplatte dicker auszuführen als bei ungeregelten Ventilen, um Deformationen durch die bei der Rückströmung des Mediums auftretenden, oft hohen Schließkräfte zu vermeiden und den auftretenden Biegebeanspruchungen standzuhalten.The lifting fingers of the lifting gripper restrict the free passage cross section of the valve seat in the flow channels of the valve seat, which is disadvantageous when the compressor is being conveyed and increases its volume resistance. In addition, the closure piece is additionally mechanically stressed by the gripper, which acts on the closure piece with the gripper fingers at locations spaced apart from one another. It is therefore usually necessary to make the closure plate thicker than in the case of uncontrolled valves in order to avoid deformations due to the often high closing forces that occur when the medium flows back and to withstand the bending stresses that occur.

Die angeführten Nachteile ergeben sich vor allem, wenn das Verschlußstück des Ventils aus Kunststoff besteht, z.B. aus einer Kunststoffplatte mit Schlitzen, weil Kunststoff bekanntlich eine geringere Biegesteifigkeit hat als der sonst für die Ventilteile verwendete Stahl. Um zu hohe Beanspruchungen von Verschlußstücken aus Kunststoff zu vermeiden, ist es schon bekannt, die Abhebegreifer mit mehr Abhebefingern zu versehen. Dies hat aber eine weitere Vergrößerung der Nachteile, insbesondere eine entsprechende Verteuerung der Abhebegreifer und eine erhebliche Vergrößerung des Durchströmwiderstandes des Ventils zur Folge.The disadvantages mentioned arise above all if the closure piece of the valve consists of plastic, e.g. from a plastic plate with slots, because plastic is known to have a lower bending stiffness than the steel otherwise used for the valve parts. In order to avoid excessive stress on plastic closure pieces, it is already known to provide the lifting gripper with more lifting fingers. However, this results in a further increase in the disadvantages, in particular a corresponding increase in the price of the lifting grippers and a considerable increase in the flow resistance of the valve.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die bisher bekannten Ventile mit einer Abhebeeinrichtung so zu verbessern, daß ohne Notwendigkeit, die Anzahl der Abhebefinger zu erhöhen, die mechanische Beanspruchung des Verschlußstückes beim zwangsweisen Offenhalten des Ventils nicht nachteilig vergrößert wird.The invention has for its object to improve the previously known valves with a lifting device so that the mechanical stress of the closure piece without needing to increase the number of lifting fingers is not disadvantageously increased when the valve is forced open.

Mit der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß die Kraft der Federn, die die Anschlagplatte an den Anschlag drücken, größer ist als die in Öffnungsrichtung auf das Verschlußstück wirkenden Strömungskräfte und die Anschlagplatte mittels der Abhebeeinrichtung gegen die Kraft der auf sie wirkenden Federn gegen den Fänger verschiebbar und an diesen anpreßbar ist. Im Gegensatz zu den im Ventilbau seit langem bekannten Dämpferplatten, die durch eigene Federn belastet sind und die Aufgabe haben, die Verschlußplatte bei ihrer Öffnungsbewegung vor dem Aufschlagen auf den Fänger elastisch aufzufangen und ihre Bewegung zu bremsen, bildet die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene Anschlagplatte tatsächlich einen Endanschlag für das Verschlußstück. Bei abgeschalteter Abhebeeinrichtung führt das Verschlußstück seine Hubbewegung lediglich zwischen dem Ventilsitz und der Anschlagplatte aus. Die entsprechend groß gewählte, auf die Anschlagplatte wirkende Federkraft verhindert, daß die Anschlagplatte während des normalen Arbeitens des Ventils im Vollastbetrieb gegen den Fänger nennenswert verschoben wird. Wenn die Abhebeeinrichtung aktiviert wird, um den Verdichter z.B. auf Leerlauf zu schalten, drückt die Abhebeeinrichtung das Verschlußstück gegen die Kraft der Schließfedern zunächst an die Anschlagplatte an und verschiebt sodann die Verschlußplatte zusammen mit der Anschlagplatte gegen den Fänger.With the invention, this object is achieved in that the force of the springs which press the stop plate against the stop is greater than the flow forces acting in the opening direction on the closure piece and the stop plate by means of the lifting device against the force of the springs acting against it Catcher can be moved and pressed against it. In contrast to the damper plates, which have been known for a long time in valve construction, which are loaded by their own springs and have the task of elastically absorbing the closing plate during its opening movement before striking the catcher and braking its movement, the stop plate provided according to the invention actually forms an end stop for the closure piece. When the lifting device is switched off, the closure piece only executes its lifting movement between the valve seat and the stop plate. The correspondingly large spring force acting on the stop plate prevents the stop plate from being significantly shifted against the catcher during normal operation of the valve in full load operation. When the lifting device is activated to e.g. to switch to idle, the lifting device first presses the closure piece against the force of the closing springs against the stop plate and then shifts the closure plate together with the stop plate against the catcher.

Beim erfindungsgemäßen Ventil wird somit im Leerlaufbetrieb der Hub des Verschlußstückes um den Verschiebeweg der Anschlagplatte vergrößert. Dies hat eine entsprechende Vergrößerung des Durchströmquerschnittes des Ventils im Bereich des Verschlußstückes zur Folge, wodurch die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des gesteuerten Mediums im Ventil entsprechend herabgesetzt wird. Die auf das Verschlußstück wirkenden Strömungskräfte, die bekanntlich mit der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit stark ansteigen, sind ebenfalls dementsprechend klein. Das Verschlußstück ist daher insgesamt nur kleinen Beanspruchungen ausgesetzt, so daß auch dann, wenn es aus weniger festem Material, z.B. aus Kunststoff besteht, nur eine geringe Anzahl von Abhebefingern erforderlich ist.In the valve according to the invention, the stroke of the closure piece is thus in the idle mode by the displacement of Stop plate enlarged. This results in a corresponding increase in the flow cross-section of the valve in the region of the closure piece, as a result of which the flow rate of the controlled medium in the valve is correspondingly reduced. The flow forces acting on the closure piece, which are known to increase sharply with the flow velocity, are likewise correspondingly small. The closure piece is therefore only exposed to small stresses overall, so that even if it consists of less solid material, for example plastic, only a small number of lifting fingers is required.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist wenigstens ein Teil der das Verschlußstück belastenden Schließfedern an der Anschlagplatte abgestützt. Es sind also im Ventil auf das Verschlußstück wirkende Schließfedern vorgesehen, die wie bei Ventilen mit herkömmlichem Fänger an der Anschlagplatte geführt und abgestützt sind, sowie zusätzliche stärkere Federn, die die Anschlagplatte gegen die Kraft der Schließfedern an ihrem Anschlag festhalten. Im Rahmen der Erfindung kann dieser Anschlag auch aus mehreren Teilen bestehen oder es können mehrere Anschläge für die Anschlagplatte vorgesehen sein, z.B. im Zentrum des Ventils, im Umfangsbereich der Anschlagplatte oder in dem dazwischen liegenden Bereich.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least a part of the closing springs loading the closure piece is supported on the stop plate. There are thus provided in the valve acting on the closure piece closing springs, which are guided and supported on the stop plate as in the case of valves with a conventional catcher, as well as additional, stronger springs which hold the stop plate against its force against the force of the closing springs. Within the scope of the invention, this stop can also consist of several parts or several stops can be provided for the stop plate, e.g. in the center of the valve, in the peripheral area of the stop plate or in the area in between.

Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß die Schließfedern wenigstens zum Teil am Fänger abgestützt sind und durch Öffnungen in der Anschlagplatte hindurch auf das Verschlußstück wirken. Bei dieser Ausbildung sind an der Anschlagplatte abgestützte Schließfedern überflüssig.In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the closing springs are supported at least in part on the catcher and act on the closure piece through openings in the stop plate. At this Training, closing springs supported on the stop plate are superfluous.

Die Schließfedern können in der Anschlagplatte geführt sein. Es erübrigt sich dann eine Führung im Fänger, wobei bei Verwendung von Schraubenfedern ein Scheuern der Federn mit ihrem Außendurchmesser in den Federnestern im Fänger vermieden wird. Eine vorteilhafte Ausbildung besteht dabei darin, daß die Federn auf je einen Führungsbolzen wirken, der in einer Bohrung der Anschlagplatte gleitend geführt ist. Dieser Bolzen überträgt die Federkraft auf das Verschlußstück.The closing springs can be guided in the stop plate. There is then no need for a guide in the catcher, and when using coil springs, the springs with their outer diameter are not chafed in the spring nests in the catcher. An advantageous embodiment is that the springs each act on a guide pin which is slidably guided in a bore in the stop plate. This bolt transmits the spring force to the closure piece.

Ein weiterer wesentlicher Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Ausbildung ist, daß auf den Fänger keine unkontrollierten Stoßkräfte ausgeübt werden, der deshalb erheblich dünner und schwächer ausgebildet sein kann, als bei herkömmlichen Ventilen. Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung ist sowohl bei Ventilen mit sogenanntem Sicherheitsfänger als auch bei Ausführungen mit freitragendem Fänger mit Vorteil anwendbar. Ein Verwinden des Verschlußstückes wird ebenfalls vermieden, was insbesondere wichtig ist, wenn dieses als Platte ausgeführt ist.Another significant advantage of the design according to the invention is that no uncontrolled impact forces are exerted on the catcher, which can therefore be made considerably thinner and weaker than in conventional valves. The arrangement according to the invention can be advantageously used both in valves with a so-called safety catcher and in versions with a self-supporting catcher. Twisting of the closure piece is also avoided, which is particularly important if it is designed as a plate.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen, die in der Zeichnung dargestellt sind. Fig. 1 zeigt einen axialen Mittelschnitt durch ein erfindungsgemäßes Verdichterventil mit einer Abhebeeinrichtung, Fig. 2 dazu einen Mittelschnitt durch eine andere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Ventils und Fig. 3 ein Detail einer weiteren Variante.Further details and advantages of the invention result from the following description of exemplary embodiments, which are shown in the drawing. Fig. 1 shows an axial central section through a compressor valve according to the invention with a lifting device, Fig. 2 shows a central section through another embodiment of the valve according to the invention and Fig. 3 shows a detail of a further variant.

In allen Ausführungsbeispielen besteht das erfindungsgemäße Verdichterventil aus einem Ventilsitz 1, der Durchgangskanäle 2 für das vom Verdichter geförderte Medium aufweist, die durch ein plattenförmiges Verschlußstück 3 gesteuert sind. Dem Ventilsitz 1 ist ein Fänger 4 zugeordnet, der mit dem Ventilsitz 1 durch eine zentrale Mittelschraube 5 verbunden ist. Ein Distanzring 6, den die Mittelschraube 5 durchsetzt, hält den Fänger 4 im Abstand vom Ventilsitz 1. Im Fänger sind Durchgangskanäle 7 für das gesteuerte Medium vorgesehen.In all exemplary embodiments, the compressor valve according to the invention consists of a valve seat 1 which has through-channels 2 for the medium conveyed by the compressor, which are controlled by a plate-shaped closure piece 3. A catcher 4 is assigned to the valve seat 1 and is connected to the valve seat 1 by a central central screw 5. A spacer ring 6, through which the central screw 5 passes, holds the catcher 4 at a distance from the valve seat 1. In the catcher, through channels 7 are provided for the controlled medium.

Zwischen dem Verschlußstück 3 und dem Fänger 4 ist im Ventil eine Anschlagplatte 8 in Hubrichtung des Verschlußstückes 3 verschiebbar geführt. Die Anschlagplatte 8 ist durch Federn 9, die in Federnestern des Fängers 4 abgestützt sind, in Richtung auf den Ventilsitz 1 belastet. Eigene Anschläge 10 halten die Anschlagplatte 8 im Abstand vom Ventilsitz 1, so daß das Verschlußstück 3 seine Hubbewegung ausführen kann. Die Anschlagplatte 8 bildet beinormaler Arbeitsweise des Ventils den Endanschlag für die Hubbewegung des Verschlußstückes 3. An der Anschlagplatte 8 sind auch Schließfedern 11 abgestützt, die auf das Verschlußstück 3 wirken und in an sich bekannter Weise aus Federplatten oder Schraubenfedern bestehen können. Auch Dämpferplatten, Lenkerplatten und andere in Ventilen gebräuchliche Einbauten können vorgesehen sein.Between the closure piece 3 and the catcher 4, a stop plate 8 is guided in the stroke direction of the closure piece 3 in the valve. The stop plate 8 is loaded in the direction of the valve seat 1 by springs 9, which are supported in spring nests of the catcher 4. Own stops 10 keep the stop plate 8 at a distance from the valve seat 1, so that the closure piece 3 can carry out its lifting movement. The stop plate 8 forms normal operation of the valve, the end stop for the lifting movement of the closure member 3. On the stop plate 8 are also supported springs 11, which act on the closure member 3 and may consist of spring plates or coil springs in a known manner. Damper plates, handlebar plates and other internals commonly used in valves can also be provided.

Dem dargestellten Ventil ist eine Abhebeeinrichtung 12 zugeordnet, die mit Abhebefingern 13 durch die Durchgangskanäle 2 des Ventilsitzes hindurch auf das Verschlußstück 3 wirkt. Die Abhebeeinrichtung 12 ist in herkömmlicher Weise auf der Mittelschraube 5 zentriert und wird im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1 durch eine pneumatische oder hydraulische Stelleinrichtung 14 mit einer Membrane betätigt. Mit 15 ist eine Rückstellfeder für die Abhebeeinrichtung 12 bezeichnet.A lifting device 12 is assigned to the valve shown, which acts with lifting fingers 13 through the through-channels 2 of the valve seat on the closure piece 3. The lifting device 12 is conventionally centered on the central screw 5 and is actuated in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 by a pneumatic or hydraulic actuating device 14 with a membrane. With 15 a return spring for the lifting device 12 is designated.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1 bestehen die Schließfedern 11 aus einer oder mehreren Federplatten, die an der Anschlagplatte 8, allenfalls zusammen mit gleichfalls vorgesehenen Dämpfer- oder Polsterplatten, abgestützt sind. Die Anschläge 10 für die Anschlagplatte 8 bestehen aus stiftförmigen Körpern, die am Ventilsitz 1 befestigt sind und gegen die Anschlagplatte 8 vorragen. Die Federn 9 sind verhältnismäßig kräftig ausgelegt, so daß sie die Anschlagplatte 8 gegen die beinormalem Ventilbetrieb auftretenden Strömungskräfte an den Anschlägen 10 festhält.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, the closing springs 11 consist of one or more spring plates which are supported on the stop plate 8, possibly together with damper or cushion plates, which are also provided. The stops 10 for the stop plate 8 consist of pin-shaped bodies which are attached to the valve seat 1 and protrude against the stop plate 8. The springs 9 are designed to be relatively strong, so that they hold the stop plate 8 against the flow forces occurring during normal valve operation at the stops 10.

Auch im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 2 ist die Anschlagplatte 8 durch im Fänger 4 sitzende Federn 9 belastet. Die Anschläge 10, durch welche die Anschlagplatte 8 im Abstand vom Ventilsitz 1 gehalten ist, sind hier von pratzenförmigen Vorsprüngen gebildet, die über die Anschlagplatte 8 radial und axial vorragen und sich auf dem Ventilsitz 1 abstützen. Die Schließfedern 11 für das Verschlußstück 3 sind in der Anschlagplatte 8 sitzende Schraubenfedern. Außerdem ist in Fig. 2 eine Dämpferplatte 16 dargestellt, die durch eigene Dämpferfedern 17 belastet ist. Die Abhebeeinrichtung 12 ist nur teilweise gezeigt. Die Rückstellfeder 15 ist unmittelbar auf dem Ventilsitz 1 abgestützt. Sowohl das plattenförmig ausgebildete Verschlußstück 3 als auch die Dämpferplatte 16 sind mit Lenkern versehen und über eine Nabe zwischen dem Distanzring 6 und dem Ventilsitz 1 eingespannt. Mit 18 ist ein Zentrierstift bezeichnet, der im Ventilsitz 1 befestigt ist, das Verschlußstück 3 und die Dämpferplatte 16 durchsetzt und in eine Bohrung der Anschlagplatte 8 hineinragt.2, the stop plate 8 is loaded by springs 9 seated in the catcher 4. The stops 10, through which the stop plate 8 is held at a distance from the valve seat 1, are formed here by claw-like projections which project radially and axially beyond the stop plate 8 and are supported on the valve seat 1. The closing springs 11 for the closure piece 3 are helical springs seated in the stop plate 8. In addition, a damper plate 16 is shown in FIG is loaded by its own damper springs 17. The lifting device 12 is only partially shown. The return spring 15 is supported directly on the valve seat 1. Both the plate-shaped closure piece 3 and the damper plate 16 are provided with links and clamped between the spacer ring 6 and the valve seat 1 via a hub. With 18 a centering pin is designated, which is fastened in the valve seat 1, passes through the closure piece 3 and the damper plate 16 and protrudes into a bore in the stop plate 8.

Bei der in Fig. 3 dargestellten Variante ist der Anschlag 10 für die Anschlagplatte 8 aus einem Absatz des Distanzringes 6 gebildet. Durch auch hier vorgesehene Federn 9 wird die Anschlagplatte 8 gegen die Strömungskräfte am Anschlag 10 festgehalten. Die Schließfedern 11 für das Verschlußstück 3 sind bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel gleichfalls am Fänger 4 selbst abgestützt. Sie wirken auf einen Führungsbolzen 19, der die Anschlagplatte 8 durchsetzt, in einer Bohrung 20 derselben geführt ist und mit seinem Ende auf das Verschlußstück 3 wirkt. Die Abhebeeinrichtung ist in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel nur durch einen Abhebefinger 13 angedeutet, der durch einen Durchgangskanal 2 des Ventilsitzes 1 hindurch auf das Verschlußstück 3 wirkt. Außerdem ist der Fänger 4 freitragend ausgeführt, wie im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1, wogegen gemäß Fig. 2 ein sogenannter Sicherheitsfänger 4 vorgesehen ist, der an seinem Rand mit dem Ventilsitz 1 zusammengespannt ist.In the variant shown in FIG. 3, the stop 10 for the stop plate 8 is formed from a shoulder of the spacer ring 6. The stop plate 8 is held against the flow forces at the stop 10 by springs 9 also provided here. The closing springs 11 for the closure piece 3 are also supported on the catcher 4 itself in this embodiment. They act on a guide pin 19 which passes through the stop plate 8, is guided in a bore 20 of the same and acts on the closure piece 3 with its end. The lifting device is indicated in this exemplary embodiment only by a lifting finger 13, which acts on the closure piece 3 through a through channel 2 of the valve seat 1. In addition, the catcher 4 is designed to be self-supporting, as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, whereas a so-called safety catcher 4 is provided according to FIG. 2, which is clamped together at its edge with the valve seat 1.

Die Funktion der dargestellten Ventile ist in allen Ausführungsbeispielen gleich. Bei normaler Förderung des Verdichters, wenn also die Abhebefinger 13 durch die Rückstellfeder 15 der Abhebeeinrichtung 12 vom Verschlußstück 3 zurückgezogen sind, wie es in den Zeichnungen dargestellt ist, kann das Verschlußstück 3 seine Hubbewegungen frei ausführen, wobei die Anschlagplatte 8 als Endanschlag dient. Zum Umschalten des Verdichters auf Leerlauf wird die Abhebeeinrichtung 12 betätigt, z.B. die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Stelleinrichtung 14 mit einem Druckmittel beaufschlagt, worauf die Abhebefinger 13 gegen die Kraft der Rückstellfeder 15 das Verschlußstück 3 zunächst an die Anschlagplatte 8 anpressen und in der Folge auch die Anschlagplatte 8 von ihren Anschlägen 10 abhebt und gegen die Kraft der Federn 9 an den Fänger 4 preßt.The function of the valves shown is the same in all exemplary embodiments. With normal promotion of the compressor, that is, when the lifting fingers 13 are retracted by the return spring 15 of the lifting device 12 from the closure piece 3, as shown in the drawings, the closure piece 3 can carry out its lifting movements freely, the stop plate 8 serving as an end stop. To switch the compressor to idling, the lifting device 12 is actuated, e.g. The actuating device 14 shown in Fig. 1 is acted upon by a pressure medium, whereupon the lifting fingers 13 press the closure piece 3 against the force of the return spring 15 first against the stop plate 8 and subsequently also the stop plate 8 lifts off their stops 10 and against the force of the Presses springs 9 to catcher 4.

Das vom Verdichter angesaugte Medium kann bei abgehobenem Verschlußstück 3 in beiden Richtungen durch das dann offene Ventil frei hindurchströmen. Der Hub des Verschlußstückes 3 ist dabei um den Verschiebeweg der Anschlagplatte 8 vergrößert, wodurch auch der freie Durchgangsquerschnitt durch das Ventil in diesem Bereich entsprechend groß ist, was eine Verkleinerung der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Mediums zur Folge hat. Bei zwangsweise offengehaltenem Ventil sind somit die auf das Verschlußstück 3 wirkenden Strömungskräfte wesentlich verringert, so daß auch die Beanspruchung des Verschlußstückes 3 in gleichem Ausmaß herabgesetzt ist. Ein nachteiliges Verwinden des plattenförmigen Verschlußstückes 3 wird dadurch verhindert.The medium sucked in by the compressor can flow freely through the then open valve in both directions when the closure piece 3 is lifted off. The stroke of the closure piece 3 is increased by the displacement path of the stop plate 8, so that the free passage cross section through the valve is correspondingly large in this area, which results in a reduction in the flow velocity of the medium. When the valve is forcibly kept open, the flow forces acting on the closure piece 3 are thus significantly reduced, so that the stress on the closure piece 3 is also reduced to the same extent. A disadvantageous twisting of the plate-shaped closure piece 3 is prevented.

Weiterhin ist auch bei aus weniger festem Werkstoff als Stahl, z.B. aus Kunststoff, bestehendem Verschlußstück 3 eine verhältnismäßig kleine Anzahl von Abhebfingern 13 ausreichend, um das Verschlußstück 3 sicher abzustützen und seine Beanspruchung durch die Strömungskräfte ausreichend niedrig zu halten. Einige Bauteile des Ventils, insbesondere der Distanzring 6, der in den Ausführungsbeispielen nach den Fig. 1 und 3 auch als Führungsring für die gleitende Führung des Verschlußstückes 3 und anderer vorgesehener Ventilteile, sowie auch für die verschiebbare Anschlagplatte 8 wirkt, können auch aus keramischem Material bestehen. Als weiterer Vorteil ergibt sich beim erfindungsgemäßen Ventil, daß die nur in relativ kleiner Anzahl vorhandenen Abhebefinger 13 den Durchströmquerschnitt in den Durchgangskanälen 2 des Ventilsitzes 1 nicht übermäßig einengen, so daß das erfindungsgemäße Verdichterventil insgesamt einen verhältnismäßig groben Durchgangsquerschnitt und damit verbunden einen verhältnismäßig kleinen Durchgangswiderstand aufweist.Furthermore, even if the material is less strong than steel, e.g. made of plastic, existing closure piece 3, a relatively small number of lifting fingers 13 sufficient to securely support the closure piece 3 and to keep its stress by the flow forces sufficiently low. Some components of the valve, in particular the spacer ring 6, which in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 3 also acts as a guide ring for the sliding guidance of the closure piece 3 and other provided valve parts, and also for the displaceable stop plate 8, can also be made of ceramic material consist. Another advantage of the valve according to the invention is that the lifting fingers 13, which are only present in a relatively small number, do not excessively restrict the flow cross-section in the through-channels 2 of the valve seat 1, so that the compressor valve according to the invention overall has a relatively coarse flow cross-section and, associated therewith, a relatively small volume resistance .

Claims (5)

  1. A compressor valve, comprising a valve seating (1), a catcher (4) and an annular or plate-shaped closure member (3) which is arranged displaceably therebetween and controls through ducts (2) in the valve seating (1) and which is acted upon by closing springs (11) in the direction towards the valve seating (1) and has associated therewith a lifting device (12) acting upon the closure member (3) by lifting fingers (13) through the valve seating (1), wherein a stop plate (8) is arranged in the valve between the closure member (3) and the catcher (4), the stop plate (8) being held securely by at least one spring (9) on a stop (10) provided at a distance from the valve seating (1), characterized in that the force of the springs (9) pressing the stop plate (8) against the stop (10) is greater than the forces of flow acting upon the closure member (3) in the opening direction, and the stop plate (8) can be displaced towards the catcher (4) by means of the lifting device (12) against the force of the springs (9) acting upon it and can be pressed against the said catcher (4).
  2. A compressor valve according to Claim 1, characterized in that at least part of the closure springs (11) acting upon the closure member (3) are supported on the stop plate (8).
  3. A compressor valve according to Claim 1, characterized in that the closure springs (11) are supported at least in part on the catcher (4) and act upon the closure member (3) through openings in the stop plate (8).
  4. A compressor valve according to Claim 3, characterized in that the closure springs (11) are guided in the stop plate (8).
  5. A compressor valve according to Claim 4, characterized in that the closure springs (11) act upon a respective guide pin (19), guided in a bore (20) in the stop plate (8).
EP19910890186 1990-09-04 1991-08-22 Compressor valve Expired - Lifetime EP0475931B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT180990A ATA180990A (en) 1990-09-04 1990-09-04 COMPRESSOR VALVE
AT1809/90 1990-09-04

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EP0475931A1 EP0475931A1 (en) 1992-03-18
EP0475931B1 true EP0475931B1 (en) 1994-07-20

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EP19910890186 Expired - Lifetime EP0475931B1 (en) 1990-09-04 1991-08-22 Compressor valve

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EP (1) EP0475931B1 (en)
AT (1) ATA180990A (en)
DE (1) DE59102240D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5378117A (en) * 1994-03-28 1995-01-03 Dresser-Rand Company Valve unloading means, and a valve unloading actuator therefor
AT401281B (en) * 1994-05-11 1996-07-25 Hoerbiger Ventilwerke Ag LIFTING GRIPPERS
AT512790B1 (en) 2012-11-15 2013-11-15 Hoerbiger Kompressortech Hold Cylinder head for a reciprocating compressor

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1126203A (en) * 1954-09-27 1956-11-19 Hoerbiger & Co Automatic plate valve for compressors with variable speed range
DE1118922B (en) * 1955-04-19 1961-12-07 Enfo Grundlagen Forschungs Ag Infinitely variable delivery rate control for high-speed piston compressors
CH401105A (en) * 1961-05-12 1965-10-31 Stal Refrigeration Ab Pressure valve on a refrigeration compressor
AT401087B (en) * 1986-04-16 1996-06-25 Hoerbiger Ventilwerke Ag METHOD FOR ADAPTING A COMPRESSOR VALVE TO DIFFERENT OPERATING CONDITIONS OF THE COMPRESSOR, AND COMPRESSOR VALVE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD

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EP0475931A1 (en) 1992-03-18
ATA180990A (en) 1996-02-15
DE59102240D1 (en) 1994-08-25

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