EP0474940B1 - Konzentrischer Rauchfilter mit Filtriermedien aus Fadenmaterial und Bahnmaterial - Google Patents

Konzentrischer Rauchfilter mit Filtriermedien aus Fadenmaterial und Bahnmaterial Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0474940B1
EP0474940B1 EP90313555A EP90313555A EP0474940B1 EP 0474940 B1 EP0474940 B1 EP 0474940B1 EP 90313555 A EP90313555 A EP 90313555A EP 90313555 A EP90313555 A EP 90313555A EP 0474940 B1 EP0474940 B1 EP 0474940B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter
smoking
draw
resistance
plug
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90313555A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0474940A1 (de
EP0474940B2 (de
Inventor
Cynthia W. Arterbery
W. Timothy Callaham
Gus D. Keritsis
Morris F. White, Jr.
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Philip Morris Products SA
Philip Morris Products Inc
Original Assignee
Philip Morris Products SA
Philip Morris Products Inc
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Publication date
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Application filed by Philip Morris Products SA, Philip Morris Products Inc filed Critical Philip Morris Products SA
Publication of EP0474940A1 publication Critical patent/EP0474940A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0474940B1 publication Critical patent/EP0474940B1/de
Publication of EP0474940B2 publication Critical patent/EP0474940B2/de
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/08—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent
    • A24D3/10—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent of cellulose or cellulose derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/04—Tobacco smoke filters characterised by their shape or structure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/16—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials
    • A24D3/163—Carbon

Definitions

  • This invention relates to smoking filters, and particularly to concentric smoking filters as claimed in the first part of claim 1; see prior art of US-A-3 396 061. More particularly, this invention relates to concentric smoking filters having tow and web filter media portions arranged concentrically.
  • Most smoking filters particularly cigarette filters, sold commercially as part of cigarettes consist of a cylindrical rod or "plug" of a "tow” of plasticized cellulose acetate fibers.
  • Some filters are variants of the standard filter, having recessed mouth ends, or being made of two plugs placed end-to-end with a space in between, the space being either empty or filled with another material such as charcoal. It is also known to provide such filters having multiple plugs abutting one another, the different plugs differing in density or other characteristics.
  • filtering media other than cellulose acetate.
  • One such medium is an appropriate sheet or web material.
  • the web material which is gathered into a cylindrical plug, can be paper or any other web material, including cellulose acetate in sheet form. When such web materials are used as filters, they are frequently corrugated before being gathered. Paper webs may also be creped to improve tensile strength.
  • filters having two or more abutting plugs, at least one of which is cellulose acetate tow, and at least one of which is a web material.
  • Concentric filters in which two different forms of cellulose acetate tow -differing, e.g., in density -- are formed in to a filter.
  • One cellulose acetate tow forms a cylindrical "core”, while the other tow forms an annular peripheral layer.
  • Smoking filters are characterized by various parameters, including pressure drop, which is referred to as resistance-to-draw (“RTD”) and usually measured as the height of a column of water, and efficiency, which is measured as the percentage of the total particulate matter ("TPM”) in the unfiltered smokestream that is trapped by the filter.
  • RTD resistance-to-draw
  • TPM total particulate matter
  • a smoking filter comprising a first filter plug having a central core of a first filter material and a peripheral layer of a second filter material surrounding the central core.
  • One of the first and second filter materials is cellulose acetate tow and the other of the first and second filter materials is a gathered corrugated web material.
  • cigarette 10 includes a tobacco rod 11 and a first preferred embodiment of a filter 12 according to this invention.
  • Tobacco rod 11 is wrapped in conventional wrapper 13, while filter 12 is wrapped by conventional tipping 14.
  • Filter 12 includes cellulose acetate tow peripheral layer 20 and central paper core 21.
  • Cellulose acetate peripheral layer 20 is a conventional cellulose acetate tow, preferably wrapped by porous plug wrap 22, although self-supporting filter rod technology, such as steam bonding or spray coating of the outer surface of peripheral layer 20, can be used to make a filter that need not be wrapped, if desired.
  • Paper core 21 is a paper web that has been corrugated and gathered into cylindrical form and wrapped with plug wrap paper 23.
  • Plug wrap 23 improves the processibility of core 21 as well as its aesthetic appearance, and also helps to assure substantially perfect concentricity. Flavorants or other additives, such as soluble tobacco components, could be applied to plug wrap 23 to enhance the subjective impact of the filtered smoke. A similar result might be achieved by forming plug wrap 23 from a tobacco-containing material, such as reconstituted tobacco sheet. Plug wrap 23 is preferably porous, to allow smoke and air to freely move radially between peripheral layer 20 and core 21. At the same time, the presence of plug wrap 23 helps prevent channelling of smoke along the interface between peripheral layer 20 and core 21.
  • filter 12 has a circumference of about 24.45 mm and an average weight of about 258 mg.
  • the cross-sectional area of core 21 preferably makes up about 60% of the total cross-sectional area of filter 12.
  • Filter 12 preferably has an RTD of between about 130 mm W.G. and about 160 mm W.G., with the RTD of central core 21 being between about 350 mm W.G. and about 450 mm W.G.. More preferably, filter 12 has an RTD of about 146 mm W.G., with the RTD of central core 21 being about 400 mm W.G.
  • the cellulose acetate tow of peripheral layer 20 is preferably an 8.0/30000 cellulose acetate tow having a denier per fiber of 8, a total denier of 30,000, and a "Y" cross-sectional shape.
  • the web of core 21 is preferably a 100% cellulose semi-creped softwood pulp paper with 10% crosswise creping for added tensile strength. Such a paper is available from Tela Toiletfabrik AG, of Balsthal, Switzerland.
  • Cigarette 10 is preferably ventilated to between about 65% and about 75% ventilation, and more preferably about 67% ventilation, with appropriate ventilation holes 15 provided in tipping 14. If the surface of filter 12 is not air permeable, appropriate holes would also be provided in filter 12.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show a cigarette 30 having a second preferred embodiment of filter 31 similar in construction to filter 12, except that core 40 is a tow material and peripheral layer 41 is a web material.
  • core 40 is a tow material
  • peripheral layer 41 is a web material.
  • plug wrap 42 is necessary to contain the web material of peripheral layer 41, while plug wrap or other permeable wrap 43 around tow core 40 is optional, as tow core 40 could be made using self-supporting filter rod technology, as above.
  • filter 31 has a circumference of about 24.45 mm and an average weight of about 240 mg.
  • the cross-sectional area of core 40 preferably makes up about 60% of the total cross-sectional area of filter 31.
  • Filter 31 preferably has an RTD of between about 165 mm W.G. and about 195 mm W.G., with the RTD of central core 40 being between about 285 mm W.G. and about 385 mm W.G. More preferably, filter 31 has an RTD of about 182 mm W.G., with the RTD of central core 40 being about 334 mm W.G.
  • the cellulose acetate tow of core 40 is preferably a 1.6/35000 cellulose acetate tow having a denier per fiber of 1.6, a total denier of 35,000, and a "Y" cross-sectional shape.
  • the web of peripheral layer 41 is preferably the same 100% cellulose semi-creped softwood pulp paper, with 10% crosswise creping for added tensile strength, that is used in core 21 of filter 12.
  • Cigarette 30 is preferably ventilated to between about 65% and about 75% ventilation, and more preferably about 67% ventilation, with appropriate ventilation holes 15 provided in tipping 14, as in cigarette 10.
  • FIG. 5 shows a cigarette 50 having a third preferred embodiment of a filter 51 according to the invention.
  • Filter 51 is a so-called “dual" filter, made up of two abutting filter segments 52, 53.
  • Filter segment 52 which is adjacent tobacco rod 11, is a concentric filter as discussed above, in which one of core 54 and peripheral layer 55 is of a web material and the other of core 54 and peripheral layer 55 is of a tow material.
  • Filter segment 53 which is at the mouth end, is a conventional tow filter, such as a cellulose acetate filter, and is provided primarily for cosmetic purposes. Nevertheless, segment 53 has filtration and RTD characteristics, and segment 52 must be adjusted so that the overall filter 51 has the desired characteristics.
  • segment 52 is constructed like filter 12, but has a length of only 18-20 mm, while segment 53 is a 7-9 mm long plug of 2.6/42000 cellulose acetate for tow having a denier per fiber of 2.6, a total denier of 42,000, and a "Y" cross-sectional shape.
  • Total filter RTD is between about 125 mm W.G. and about 175 mm W.G., preferably about 141 mm W.G.
  • the RTD of segment 53 is between about 15 mm W.G. and about 45 mm W.G., preferably about 36 mm W.G.
  • the RTD of segment 52 is between about 85 mm W.G.
  • Cigarette 50 made with this embodiment of filter 51 is ventilated to between about 65% and about 75% ventilation, preferably about 71 % ventilation, with appropriate ventilation holes 15 in tipping 14.
  • FIG. 6 shows a cigarette 60 having a fourth embodiment of a filter 61 according to the invention.
  • Filter 61 is a recessed filter, made up of filter segment 62 recessed into tipping 14 at 63.
  • Filter segment 62 which is adjacent tobacco rod 11, is a concentric filter as discussed above, in which one of core 64 and peripheral layer 65 is of a web material and the other of core 64 and peripheral layer 65 is of a tow material.
  • filter parameters discussed herein are given for 85 mm cigarettes. It is to be understood that filters according to the present invention can also be used with longer cigarettes. If a longer cigarette is provided, the filter parameters would have to be adjusted, in accordance with the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
  • the cigarette which generates 1.5 mg of "tar" was also smoked by expert smokers, who reported that the cigarette had the taste of a cigarette that generates 4-5 mg of "tar”.
  • the filter At 67% ventilation, the filter has an efficiency of about 76%. If there had been no ventilation, the efficiency would have been about 61 %.
  • the cigarette also exhibited a pattern of visible deposition of filtrate on the end of the filter much more like a tow filter as opposed to a web filter, even though most of the filtrate was deposited on the web core. This is believed to be the result of the smoke being forced into core 21 as the ventilation air is introduced at holes 15, and then trying to spread back into peripheral tow layer 20 through permeable wrapper 23.
  • a filter according to the preferred form of the embodiment of FIG. 5 was prepared and mated to an "ultra-light" tobacco rod having the following characteristics: The cigarette was smoked in a smoking machine under FTC conditions with the following results:
  • the filter of this invention will improve the taste of low delivery cigarettes. It is also possible that the filter of this invention may offer similar performance at higher deliveries. For example, a medium delivery cigarette may be perceived as a full-flavor cigarette.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Undergarments, Swaddling Clothes, Handkerchiefs Or Underwear Materials (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Claims (23)

1. Raucherwaren-Filter, welcher einen Filterstopfen (12, 31, 52, 62) aufweist, welcher einen Mittelkern (21, 40, 54, 64) aus einem ersten Filtermaterial hat, und eine Umfangsschicht (20, 41, 55, 65) aus einem zweiten Filtermaterial hat, welche den Mittelkern umgibt, wobei einen der beiden Materialien ein Faserstrang ist und das andere der beiden Filtermaterialien ein zusammengezogenes, gewelltes Bahnmaterial ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Filter einen zugwiderstand von zwischen etwa 130 mm Wassersäule und etwa 195 mm Wassersäule hat, und der Mittelkern (21, 40) einen zugwiderstand von zwischen etwa 285 mm Wassersäule und etwa 450 mm Wassersäule hat.
2. Rauchetwaren-Filter nah Anspruch 1, bei dem das erster Filtermaterial (21) das Bahnmaterial und das zweite Filtermaterial (20) der Faserstrang ist.
3. Raucherwaren-Filter nach Anspruch 2, bei dem das zweite Material ein Zelluloseacetatstrang ist, welcher ein Denier pro Filament von etwa 8,0 und eine Gesamt-Denier-Zahl von 25.000 bis 30.000, vorzugsweise etwa 30.000, hat.
4. Raucherwaren-Filter nach Anspruch 1, bei dem das erste Filtermaterial (40) der Faserstrang ist, und das zweite Filtermaterial (41) das Bahnmaterial ist.
5. Raucherwaren-Filter nach Anspruch 4, bei dem das erste Fasermaterial ein Zelluloseacetatstrang ist, welcher ein Denier pro Filament von etwa 1,6 und eine Gesamt-Denier-Zahl von etwa 35.000 hat.
6. Raucherwaren-Filter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, bei dem das Bahnmaterial Papier ist.
7. Raucherwaren-Filter nach Anspruch 6, bei dem das Papier gekrept wird, bevor es gewellt und zusamengezogen wird.
8. Raucherwaren-Filter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, bei dem das Bahnmaterial eine Vliesstoffbahn ist.
9. Raucherwaren-Filter nach Anspruch 8, bei dem die Vliesstoffbahn ein Zelluloseacetatflächengebilde ist.
10. Raucherwaren-Filter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, bei dem das zusammengezogene, gewellte Bahnmaterial in eine Stopfenumhüllung (23, 42) gewickelt ist.
11. Raucherwaren-Filter nach Anspruch 10, bei dem die Stopfenumhüllung (23) porös ist.
12. Raucherwaren-Filter nach Anspruch 10 und 11, bei dem die Stopfenumhüllung (23) Aromastoffkomponenten enthält.
13. Raucherwaren-Filter nach Anspruch 12, bei dem die Stopfenumhüllung (23) ein Tabak enthaltendes Material, wie aufgeschlossene Tabakblätter, aufweist.
14. Raucherwaren-Filter nach Anspruch 12, bei dem die Stopfenumhüllung (23) ein Stopfenumhüllungspapier aufweist, auf dem Aromastoffkomponenten, vorzugsweise lösliche Tabakkomponenten, aufgebracht sind.
15. Raucherwaren-Filter nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, welche einen Filterwirkungsgrad von etwa 61 % im unbelüfteten Zustand hat.
16. Raucherwaren-Filter nach einem der vorangebenden Ansprüche, welcher eine Belüftungsrate zwischen 65 % und 75 % hat.
17. Raucherwaren-Filter nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, bei dem der Kern (21, 40) eine Querschnittsfläche hat, welche etwa 60 % der Gesamtquerschnittsfläche des Filters einnimmt.
18. Raucherwaren-Filter nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, bei dem der Filter einen Zugwiderstand von etwa 146 mm Wassersäule hat, und der Mittelkern (21) einen Zugwiderstand von etwa 400 mm Wassersäule hat.
19. Raucherwaren-Filter nach Anspruch 1, 4 oder 5, bei dem der Filter einen Zugwiderstand von zwischen etwa 165 mm Wassersäule und etwa 195 mm Wassersäule hat, und der Mittelkern (40) einen Zugwiderstand von etwa 285 mm Wassersäule und etwa 385 mm Wassersäule hat.
20. Raucherwaren-Filter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 17, welcher ferner einen zweiten Filterstopfen (53) aus einem Zelluloseacetatstrang angrenzend an den erstgenannten Filterstopfen (52) aufweist.
21. Raucherwaren-Filter nach Anspruch 26, bei dem das erste Filtermaterial das Bahnmaterial ist und das zweite Filtermaterial der Faserstrang ist, wobei der erste Filterstopfen (52) einen Zugwiderstand von zwischen etwa 85 mm Wassersäule und etwa 175 mm Wassersäule hat, der Mittelkern einen Zugwiderstand von zwischen etwa 250 mm Wassersäule und etwa 450 mm Wassersäule hat, und der zweite Filterstopfen (53) einen Zugwiderstand von zwischen etwa 15 mm Wassersäule und etwa 45 mm Wassersäule derart hat, daß der Filter einen Zugwiderstand von zwischen etwa 125 mm Wassersäule und etwa 175 mm Wassersäule hat.
22. Raucherwaren-Filter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 19, welcher ferner ein Mundstückteil (14) aufweist, welches um denselben gewickelt ist, wobei das Mundstückteil sich über ein Ende des Filterstopfens (62) hinaus zur Anbringung des Filters an einer Zigarette und über das gegenüberliegende Ende des Filterstopfens hinaus zur Bildung der mundstückseitigen Ausnehmung in dem Filter erstreckt.
23. Raucherwaren-Filter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 18, bei dem die Umfangschicht (20) einen niedrigeren Zugwiderstand als der Mittelkern (21) hat.
EP90313555A 1990-08-24 1990-12-13 Konzentrischer Rauchfilter mit Filtriermedien aus Fadenmaterial und Bahnmaterial Expired - Lifetime EP0474940B2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US57187890A 1990-08-24 1990-08-24
US571878 1990-08-24

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0474940A1 EP0474940A1 (de) 1992-03-18
EP0474940B1 true EP0474940B1 (de) 1994-12-14
EP0474940B2 EP0474940B2 (de) 1999-10-06

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ID=24285429

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EP90313555A Expired - Lifetime EP0474940B2 (de) 1990-08-24 1990-12-13 Konzentrischer Rauchfilter mit Filtriermedien aus Fadenmaterial und Bahnmaterial

Country Status (17)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0474940B2 (de)
JP (1) JP2767322B2 (de)
KR (1) KR0175139B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE115369T1 (de)
AU (1) AU635095B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2031727C (de)
DE (1) DE69015185T3 (de)
DK (1) DK0474940T4 (de)
ES (1) ES2066157T5 (de)
FI (1) FI94385C (de)
GR (2) GR3015326T3 (de)
HK (1) HK162995A (de)
HU (1) HU212772B (de)
NO (1) NO176464C (de)
PL (1) PL166314B1 (de)
RU (1) RU1836040C (de)
TR (1) TR25717A (de)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5746230A (en) * 1990-08-24 1998-05-05 Philip Morris Incorporated Concentric smoking filter having discrete tow and web filter media
US5622190A (en) * 1990-08-24 1997-04-22 Philip Morris Incorporated Concentric smoking filter having cellulose acetate tow periphery and carbon-particle-loaded web filter core
US5365951A (en) * 1990-08-24 1994-11-22 Philip Morris Incorporated Concentric smoking filter having cellulose acetate tow periphery and carbon-particle-loaded web filter core
EP0638248A1 (de) * 1993-08-12 1995-02-15 Philip Morris Products Inc. Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Herstellung von konzentrischen Filtern aus zwei oder mehreren Materialien
GB9321536D0 (en) * 1993-10-19 1993-12-08 British American Tobacco Co Smoking articles
DE19718296B4 (de) * 1997-04-30 2006-06-29 British American Tobacco (Germany) Gmbh Ventilierte Filtercigarette mit einem koaxialen Filterelement
DE19722812C2 (de) * 1997-05-30 2003-02-13 Bat Cigarettenfab Gmbh Ultraleicht-Koaxialcigarette mit mehrteiligem Filter
DK1028637T3 (da) * 1997-11-13 2002-11-11 Reemtsma H F & Ph Gasfasereduceret cigaret
DE10009829A1 (de) * 2000-03-01 2001-09-20 Reemtsma H F & Ph Rauchartikel
GB0713905D0 (en) 2007-07-17 2007-08-29 British American Tobacco Co Cellulose acetate thread in filter
GB0811552D0 (en) * 2008-06-24 2008-07-30 British American Tobacco Co Filter for a smoking article
GB0816933D0 (en) * 2008-09-16 2008-10-22 British American Tobacco Co Filter for a smoking article
CN101999755A (zh) * 2010-12-17 2011-04-06 南通烟滤嘴有限责任公司 纸芯同轴滤棒
EP3692819A1 (de) 2013-03-28 2020-08-12 Philip Morris Products S.a.s. Rauchartikel mit geschmacksfreisetzungselement
CN104188106A (zh) * 2014-08-28 2014-12-10 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 一种高截留效率的卷烟滤嘴及应用
KR102495620B1 (ko) * 2017-06-19 2023-02-06 니뽄 다바코 산교 가부시키가이샤 흡연 물품용 필터 및 그 제조 방법
KR102391290B1 (ko) * 2020-04-22 2022-04-26 주식회사 케이티앤지 흡연 물품용 마우스피스 및 이를 포함하는 흡연 물품 조립체와 흡연 물품 패키지

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US4034765A (en) * 1975-10-30 1977-07-12 Liggett & Myers Incorporated Tobacco smoke filter
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DE3901226C1 (de) * 1989-01-17 1990-07-26 B.A.T. Cigarettenfabriken Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg, De

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0474940A1 (de) 1992-03-18
FI94385B (fi) 1995-05-31
DE69015185T2 (de) 1995-05-24
ES2066157T5 (es) 1999-12-16
KR920003914A (ko) 1992-03-27
GR3015326T3 (en) 1995-06-30
FI94385C (fi) 1995-09-11
DK0474940T3 (da) 1995-04-03
JPH06269270A (ja) 1994-09-27
KR0175139B1 (ko) 1999-02-18
PL166314B1 (pl) 1995-05-31
HK162995A (en) 1995-10-27
GR3032144T3 (en) 2000-04-27
EP0474940B2 (de) 1999-10-06
HU212772B (en) 1996-11-28
RU1836040C (ru) 1993-08-23
PL288311A1 (en) 1992-02-24
TR25717A (tr) 1993-09-01
DE69015185D1 (de) 1995-01-26
NO176464B (no) 1995-01-02
FI906092A0 (fi) 1990-12-11
NO176464C (no) 1995-04-12
CA2031727A1 (en) 1992-02-25
HU908366D0 (en) 1991-07-29
DE69015185T3 (de) 2000-03-09
DK0474940T4 (da) 2000-04-03
FI906092A (fi) 1992-02-25
ATE115369T1 (de) 1994-12-15
NO905639D0 (no) 1990-12-28
JP2767322B2 (ja) 1998-06-18
AU6774890A (en) 1992-02-27
NO905639L (no) 1992-02-25
ES2066157T3 (es) 1995-03-01
HUT64455A (en) 1994-01-28
AU635095B2 (en) 1993-03-11
CA2031727C (en) 2001-04-10

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