EP0472792A1 - Baustein - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0472792A1
EP0472792A1 EP90309532A EP90309532A EP0472792A1 EP 0472792 A1 EP0472792 A1 EP 0472792A1 EP 90309532 A EP90309532 A EP 90309532A EP 90309532 A EP90309532 A EP 90309532A EP 0472792 A1 EP0472792 A1 EP 0472792A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
building blocks
building
retaining wall
building block
blocks
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP90309532A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Johannes Willem Joubert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP90309532A priority Critical patent/EP0472792A1/de
Publication of EP0472792A1 publication Critical patent/EP0472792A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/025—Retaining or protecting walls made up of similar modular elements stacked without mortar
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
    • E04C1/395—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra for claustra, fences, planting walls, e.g. sound-absorbing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0243—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins or keys

Definitions

  • the building block may include locating means for locating a complementary closure member on the block to close off an end thereof.
  • the connecting means may include at least one connecting formation which is engageable by means of a connector adapted to engage the connecting formations of adjacent building blocks arranged end-to-end to connect them together.
  • the connecting formations may include at least one rib projecting inwardly from an inner surface of the building block and extending transversely to the length of the block.
  • the rib is a continuous rib which extends inwardly from the inner surfaces of the bottom and both sides, and which is located adjacent an end of the building block and substantially parallel therewith.
  • the rib may taper in a direction away from the surface from which it projects.
  • a plurality of longitudinally spaced ribs may be provided on the building block.
  • the connecting formations may include at least one recess in an inner surface of the block and extending transversely to the length of the block.
  • the connecting means may serve the dual function of being engageable by means of a connector as described above and also as the locating means to locate a complementary closure member on the block to close off an end thereof.
  • a connector for use in connecting two building blocks of the type described above end-to-end, which connector includes a complementary connecting formation for engaging the connecting means of the building blocks.
  • each building block is in the form of a U-shaped channel having a rectangular bottom and two parallel transversely spaced sides extending operatively upwardly from opposite sides of the bottom and when the connecting formations include at least one rib projecting inwardly from inner surfaces of each building block and extending transversely to the lengths of the blocks
  • the complementary connecting formation may be in the form of a recess which is dimensioned to accommodate the ribs of the building blocks therein.
  • the connector may be substantially L-shaped and dimensioned such that two oppositely facing connectors are receivable between the sides of the adjacent building blocks with their upright portions abutting the opposite sides, and their horizontal portions abutting the bottoms, of the building blocks. This reduces the weight of individual connectors enabling them to be handled manually.
  • the connector may be substantially I-shaped.
  • a closure member which is removably mountable on a building block of the type described above, in engagement with the locating means to close off the end of the building block.
  • the closure member may have a recess which is complementary to a rib on the building block and which serves to locate the closure member and retain it in position on the building block.
  • the closure member may have an aesthetically appealing finish on its one face, ie that face which in use faces outwardly.
  • the finish for example could be that of a face brick.
  • the closure member may have at least one recess or depression on its one face. This serves to reduce the weight of the closure member enabling it to be handled more easily. In addition, it serves to reduce the amount of material used in the closure member thereby reducing its cost. Further, by providing the recess or recesses in that face which in use faces out of the building block an aesthetically appealing finish can be obtained.
  • a retaining wall characterised in that it includes a plurality of building blocks as described above, laid side-by-side in successive courses such that the building blocks extend transversely to the length of the retaining wall and in which at least some of the courses are at least two building blocks deep, with connectors connecting adjacent ends of adjacent building blocks together, and closure members closing off the ends of the building blocks forming the outer surface of the retaining wall.
  • the building blocks may each include at least one connecting formation, the connectors each having a complementary connecting formation for engaging the connecting formations of two adjacent blocks end-to-end to connect them together.
  • the connecting means may include at least one reinforcing rod extending between adjacent building blocks and retained in position by means of a settable cementitious mix.
  • a retaining wall which includes
  • the retaining member may comprise a plurality of vertically stacked concrete planks extending between the columns of building blocks.
  • the retaining member may comprise a wall extending between the columns of building blocks, the wall including a plurality of building blocks as described above laid in successive courses.
  • reference numeral 10 refers generally to a building block in accordance with the invention.
  • the building block is in the form of a U-shaped channel having a rectangular bottom 12 and two parallel transversely spaced sides 14 extending operatively upwardly from opposite sides of the bottom 12.
  • the building block 10 has a plurality of longitudinally spaced ribs 16.
  • Each rib 16 is continuous and extends inwardly from the inner surfaces of the bottom 12 and both sides 14.
  • the ribs 16 are substantially parallel with the ends 18 of the building block 10.
  • Each rib 16 tapers in a direction away from the surface from which it projects.
  • the ribs 16 form connecting means whereby the building block 10 is interlockingly connectable end-to-end with a similar block and locating means for locating a complementary closure member on the block to close off an end thereof as described in more detail herebelow.
  • reference numeral 20 refers generally to a closure member in accordance with the invention.
  • the closure member 20 has a peripheral recess 22 which is shaped and dimensioned to conform to the ribs 16.
  • the closure member 20 is mountable in the building block 10 by inserting it from above such that the recess 22 slidably engages one of the ribs 16.
  • the taper of the ribs 16 and the complementary taper of the recess 22 serve to facilitate location of the closure member 20 in the building block 10. The rib 16 will then prevent longitudinal displacement of the closure member 20 relative to the building block 10.
  • reference numeral 26 indicates another closure member in accordance with the invention.
  • the main difference between the closure member 26 and the closure member 20, is that the closure member 26 is dimensioned such that, when mounted in a building block 10, it projects above the upper edge of the building block 10 between adjacent sides of building blocks located in a subsequent course as described in more detail hereunder.
  • closure member 20 can also be used as a connector if desired, instead of two oppositely facing connectors 28.
  • recess 22 of closure member 20 is dimensioned appropriately to engage two adjacent ribs 16.
  • the building blocks 10, closure members 20, 26 and connectors 28 are prefabricated, eg by moulding, from a cementitious material.
  • the retaining wall could be inclined. If desired each course could be stepped back relative to the previous course.
  • a closure member 20 could be provided to close off the end of a building block with a closure member 26 being provided in engagement with the adjacent rib 16 to form a plantable compartment between the closure members 20, 26.
  • the building blocks in the subsequent course can be laid with their one ends being flush with the closure members 26 protruding from the blocks in the previous course to provide the retaining wall with a terraced appearance.
  • reinforcing rod 40 could be used. Further, other forms of reinforcing could be used. If it is desired to build a retaining wall which is more than two building blocks deep then a reinforcing rod 40 having a suitable length can be provided. Instead, a plurality of reinforcing rods could be provided with the rods overlapping to provide the required strength.
  • each building block 44 has an end rib 48 at each of its ends, the end ribs 48 being flush with the ends of the building block 44. Adjacent each end rib 48 is provided a locating rib 50 which is smaller in size than the end rib 48.
  • Two longitudinally spaced ribs 16 are provided intermediate the locating ribs 20. The end ribs 48 protrude inwardly from the bottom 12 and sides 14 approximately the same distance as the ribs 16.
  • the locating rib 50 may be the same size or a larger size than the end rib 48.
  • two intermediate ribs 16 are shown in Figure 9, in other embodiments there may be only one intermediate rib 16, or more than two intermediate ribs 16.
  • Reference numeral 52 refers generally to still another closure member in accordance with the invention.
  • the closure member 52 has a peripheral recess 54 which is shaped and dimensioned to conform to the end ribs 48. Further, the closure member 52 is dimensioned such that it is snugly receivable between an end rib 48 and its adjacent locating rib 50. Hence, the closure member 52 is mountable in the building block 44 by inserting it from above the building block so that the recess 54 slidably engages one of the end ribs 48. The end rib 48 and adjacent locating rib 50 then serve to prevent longitudinal displacement of the closure member 52 relative to the building block 44.
  • the building blocks 44 are connected end-to-end by means of a connector 56 which is similar to the connector 28 and which has a recess 58 dimensioned to engage adjacent end ribs 48 of adjacent ends of the building blocks 44.
  • a first course of building blocks 74 is laid with a concrete plank 76 extending between adjacent blocks 74 in the first course. If it is desired that the retaining wall have a depth which is greater than one building block then one or more building blocks are connected end-to-end via the connectors 84. Closure members 82 are positioned to close off the one ends of the building blocks 74.
  • a retaining element in the form of a rod 86 eg of steel or reinforced concrete, or the like, is then inserted into the holes 46 in the bottoms 12 of each of the building blocks 74 so that the rods 86 extend vertically upwardly.
  • the rods 86 have a length which is greater than the height of the building blocks 74.
  • the building blocks in the first course are then filled with earth as is the space between the columns which serve to retain the concrete plank 76 in position.
  • the use of rods 86 is optional and may not be required in other embodiments.
  • a subsequent course of building blocks 74 is then laid on the first course with the holes 46 on the building blocks being positioned over the free ends of the rods 86, if the rods 86 are used.
  • a second concrete plank 76 is laid on top of the first concrete plank and the blocks and the spaces between the columns are filled with earth as described above.
  • the rods 86 serve to retain the building blocks 74 in the desired position by preventing horizontal movement between the courses of building blocks.
  • the retaining wall could have a stepped back configuration with the rods 86 being stepped and/or with a plurality of longitudinally spaced holes 46 being provided in the bottoms 12 of the building blocks 74 to permit stopping of the courses.
  • a retaining wall built of building blocks in accordance with the invention will have the advantage that a substantially vertically extending wall can be built to virtually any desired height simply by increasing the number of building blocks 10 connected end-to-end, and hence the depth and dead weight of the retaining wall.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that a substantial portion of the dead weight of the retaining wall is formed by the earth with which the building blocks are filled and/or by the earth incorporated between the columns 72, thereby reducing the overall cost of the retaining wall.
  • a major advantage of the retaining wall 70 is that undisturbed in situ earth between the column walls 72 is incorporated into the retaining wall, which at no cost adds to the dead weight and thus to the stability of the retaining wall.
  • the building blocks are symmetrical and hence should the one corner be damaged the building block can be turned round and need not be discarded.
  • the various components of the retaining walls are dimensioned to be manually handleable so as not to require any specialised equipment to build a retaining wall.
  • the various components are prefabricated and can be transported to site where a retaining wall can be erected relatively quickly leading to an improvement in productivity.
  • the Applicant believes that the building blocks could be used for a number of other applications, eg as a sound barrier.
  • a sound barrier could be built in substantially the same manner as the retaining walls described above.
  • the blocks 10 can be arranged side-by-side.
  • the blocks in adjacent courses can be staggered and the closure members may be arranged such that their upper edges are level with the upper edges of the building blocks in a subsequent course providing the sound barrier with a substantially closed face.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)
EP90309532A 1990-08-31 1990-08-31 Baustein Withdrawn EP0472792A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP90309532A EP0472792A1 (de) 1990-08-31 1990-08-31 Baustein

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP90309532A EP0472792A1 (de) 1990-08-31 1990-08-31 Baustein

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0472792A1 true EP0472792A1 (de) 1992-03-04

Family

ID=8205532

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90309532A Withdrawn EP0472792A1 (de) 1990-08-31 1990-08-31 Baustein

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0472792A1 (de)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3339332A (en) * 1964-05-29 1967-09-05 Hein Julius Dry masonry wall
DE2300264A1 (de) * 1973-01-04 1974-03-07
DE3121681A1 (de) * 1980-06-04 1982-02-11 Peter Ing. 8621 Thörl Steiermark Rausch Gitterfoermige wand aus fertigteilen
EP0047718A1 (de) * 1980-09-05 1982-03-17 Steiner Silidur AG Formhohlstein für die Verbauung von Uferböschungen
EP0282679A1 (de) * 1987-03-20 1988-09-21 Rolf Scheiwiller Bausatz zur Erstellung von Verbundbauwerken

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3339332A (en) * 1964-05-29 1967-09-05 Hein Julius Dry masonry wall
DE2300264A1 (de) * 1973-01-04 1974-03-07
DE3121681A1 (de) * 1980-06-04 1982-02-11 Peter Ing. 8621 Thörl Steiermark Rausch Gitterfoermige wand aus fertigteilen
EP0047718A1 (de) * 1980-09-05 1982-03-17 Steiner Silidur AG Formhohlstein für die Verbauung von Uferböschungen
EP0282679A1 (de) * 1987-03-20 1988-09-21 Rolf Scheiwiller Bausatz zur Erstellung von Verbundbauwerken

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Effective date: 19920706