EP0468144A1 - Process for the manufacture of a fuel - Google Patents

Process for the manufacture of a fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0468144A1
EP0468144A1 EP91106749A EP91106749A EP0468144A1 EP 0468144 A1 EP0468144 A1 EP 0468144A1 EP 91106749 A EP91106749 A EP 91106749A EP 91106749 A EP91106749 A EP 91106749A EP 0468144 A1 EP0468144 A1 EP 0468144A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
stearate
hydride
solids content
fuel according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91106749A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0468144B1 (en
Inventor
Jörg Dr. Hartmanns
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Erno Raumfahrttechnik GmbH
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Erno Raumfahrttechnik GmbH
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Publication of EP0468144A1 publication Critical patent/EP0468144A1/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B27/00—Compositions containing a metal, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium or mixtures, intercompounds or hydrides thereof, and hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1216—Inorganic compounds metal compounds, e.g. hydrides, carbides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
    • C10L1/125—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1608—Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel with a proportion of solid components, which is reacted with an oxidizer in a drive system that is independent of the outside air and whose solids content contains a metal hydride, which in a liquid component consisting of an inert substance, preferably an alkane is embedded.
  • propulsion systems are used in which the combustion of a fuel takes place independently of the supply of oxygen from the environment by an oxidizer, which is usually present in liquid form as a further component in the fuel.
  • the fuel component is either also in the form of a liquid, for example in the form of a hydrocarbon, as hydrazine or as cryogenic hydrogen, or solid fuels such as hydrides - preferably the alkali metals - or metal powder are used for this purpose, which frequently are embedded in binders. While solid fuels have the advantage of a high energy density, liquid fuels are generally easier to convey and control.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to improve such a fuel in such a way that such destabilization is reliably avoided and that at the same time its storage and conveying capacity is favorably influenced. Furthermore, the invention is intended to provide a production method for such a fuel.
  • the invention achieves the first object by providing that a stearate is added to the solid fraction in such a fuel.
  • the latter consists of lithium stearate (C 17 H 35 COOLi), which is added in a proportion of approximately 1.5 to 5% by weight to a hydride of an alkali metal, preferably lithium hydride (LiH).
  • the liquid component of the fuel according to the invention consists of an alkane, ie a liquid saturated hydrocarbon, or a mixture of alkanes. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, this component consists of low-viscosity paraffin (cio H2o), through which the fuel mixture is liquified.
  • a stearate to an alkali metal hydride according to the invention prevents the premature release of some of the hydrogen bound in the alkali metal in hydride form, which would foam up and thus destabilize the mixture consisting of the solid fuel and the inert liquid component.
  • the alkali metal hydride is treated in vacuo at a pressure of about 10 2 Pa and a temperature above 100 ° C mixed with the stearate. Under these conditions, any atomic or molecular hydrogen present on the inner and outer surfaces of the hydride is removed and the stearate is evenly distributed on the hydride surface.
  • a fuel produced in this way which consists of a mixture of lithium hydride (LiH) and an approximately 5% addition of lithium stearate (C 17 H 35 COOLi), which is embedded in low-viscosity paraffin (Cio H20), together with an oxidizer is made of in Water-soluble lithium chlorate (LiC10 3 ) is suitable as a fuel in thermodynamic drive systems for torpedoes. In addition, this fuel is equally suitable for rocket propulsion systems.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

A fuel intended for use in propulsion systems independent of atmospheric air, preferably in the field of underwater and space technology, is composed of a metal hydride which contains an addition of 1.5 to 5% by weight of a stearate. This solid fuel component is liquefied by incorporation in low-viscosity paraffin and is brought to reaction with a likewise liquid oxidant. The metal hydride/stearate mixture is treated at elevated temperature (greater than 100C) and under vacuum.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Brennstoff mit einem Anteil an festen Komponenten, der in einem von der Außen-Luft unabhängigen Antriebssystem mit einem Oxydator zur Reaktion gebracht wird und dessen Feststoffanteil ein Metallhydrid enthält, das in eine aus einer inerten Substanz, vorzugsweise einem Alkan, bestehenden Flüssigkomponente eingebettet ist.The invention relates to a fuel with a proportion of solid components, which is reacted with an oxidizer in a drive system that is independent of the outside air and whose solids content contains a metal hydride, which in a liquid component consisting of an inert substance, preferably an alkane is embedded.

Sowohl im Bereich der Unterwasser-Antriebstechnik als auch in der Raumfahrttechnik finden Antriebssysteme Verwendung, bei denen die Verbrennung eines Brennstoffs unabhängig von der Sauerstoffzufuhr aus der Umgebung durch einen als weitere Komponente im Treibstoff enthaltenen, meist in flüssiger Form vorliegenden Oxydator erfolgt. Die Brennstoffkomponente liegt bei derartigen Treibstoffen entweder ebenfalls als Flüssigkeit vor, beispielsweise in Form eines Kohlenwasserstoffs, als Hydrazin bzw. als kryogenes Wasserstoff, oder aber es kommen für diesen Zweck Festbrennstoffe, wie Hydride - vorzugsweise der Alkalimetalle - oder Metallpulver, zum Einsatz, die häufig in Bindemittel eingebettet sind. Während Festbrennstoffe den Vorteil einer hohen Energiedichte aufweisen, sind Flüssigbrennstoffe im allgemeinen besser förder-und regelbar. Um die Vorteile beider Brennstoffarten gleichzeitig nutzbar zu machen, ist deshalb bereits die Verwendung eines Brennstoffes, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1, vorgeschlagen worden, der aus einem Alkalimetallhydrid, beispielsweise Lithiumhydrid (LiH), besteht, das in gekörnter Form in flüssiges Paraffin (Cio H20) eingebettet ist, und der dadurch in pastöser Form vorliegt.Both in the field of underwater propulsion technology and in space technology, propulsion systems are used in which the combustion of a fuel takes place independently of the supply of oxygen from the environment by an oxidizer, which is usually present in liquid form as a further component in the fuel. In the case of such fuels, the fuel component is either also in the form of a liquid, for example in the form of a hydrocarbon, as hydrazine or as cryogenic hydrogen, or solid fuels such as hydrides - preferably the alkali metals - or metal powder are used for this purpose, which frequently are embedded in binders. While solid fuels have the advantage of a high energy density, liquid fuels are generally easier to convey and control. In order to utilize the advantages of both types of fuel at the same time, it has therefore already been proposed to use a fuel which consists of an alkali metal hydride, for example lithium hydride (LiH), which is present in granular form in liquid paraffin (Cio H20) is embedded, and is therefore present in pasty form.

In der Praxis können sich bei der Verwendung eines solchen Brennstoffs Probleme ergeben, die aus dem spezifischen Verhalten der Alkalimetallhydride resultieren, welches zu Instabilitäten, insbesondere aufgrund einer vorzeitigen Freisetzung von Wasserstoff, führen kann. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, einen derartigen Brennstoff dahingehend zu verbessern, daß eine solche Destabilisierung zuverlässig vermieden wird und daß zugleich seine Lager- und Förderfähigkeit günstig beeinflußt wird. Weiterhin soll durch die Erfindung ein Herstellungsverfahren für einen solchen Brennstoff bereitgestellt werden.In practice, problems can arise when using such a fuel, which result from the specific behavior of the alkali metal hydrides, which can lead to instabilities, in particular due to a premature release of hydrogen. The object of the invention is therefore to improve such a fuel in such a way that such destabilization is reliably avoided and that at the same time its storage and conveying capacity is favorably influenced. Furthermore, the invention is intended to provide a production method for such a fuel.

Die Erfindung löst die erste Aufgabe, indem sie vorsieht, daß bei einem derartigen Brennstoff dem Feststoffanteil ein Stearat zugesetzt wird. Letzteres besteht bei der bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung aus Lithiumstearat (C17 H35 COOLi), das in einem Anteil von etwa 1,5 bis 5 Gewichts-% einem Hydrid eines Alkalimetalls, vorzugsweise Lithiumhydrid (LiH), zugesetzt ist. Die Flüssigkomponete des erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoffs besteht aus einem Alkan, d. h. einem flüssigen gesättigten Kohlenwasserstoff, bzw. aus einer Mischung von Alkanen bei der bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht diese Komponente aus dünnflüssigen Paraffin (cio H2o), durch die die Brennstoffmischung liquifiziert wird.The invention achieves the first object by providing that a stearate is added to the solid fraction in such a fuel. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the latter consists of lithium stearate (C 17 H 35 COOLi), which is added in a proportion of approximately 1.5 to 5% by weight to a hydride of an alkali metal, preferably lithium hydride (LiH). The liquid component of the fuel according to the invention consists of an alkane, ie a liquid saturated hydrocarbon, or a mixture of alkanes. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, this component consists of low-viscosity paraffin (cio H2o), through which the fuel mixture is liquified.

Der erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene Zusatz eines Stearates zu einem Alkalimetallhydrid verhindert dabei die vorzeitige Freisetzung eines Teils des im Alkalimetall in Hydridform gebundenen Wasserstoffs, welche die aus dem Festbrennstoff und der inerten Flüssigkeitskomponete bestehende Mischung Aufschäumen und damit destabilisieren würden.The addition of a stearate to an alkali metal hydride according to the invention prevents the premature release of some of the hydrogen bound in the alkali metal in hydride form, which would foam up and thus destabilize the mixture consisting of the solid fuel and the inert liquid component.

Die Lösung der weiteren Aufgabe erfolgt durch das im Patentanspruch 5 angegebene Herstellungsverfahren. Gemäß diesem Verfahren wird das Alkalimetallhydrid im Vakuum bei einem Druck von etwa 102 Pa und einer Temperatur oberhalb 100° C mit dem Stearat vermischt behandelt. Unter diesen Bedingungen wird der etwaig auf den inneren und äußeren Oberflächen des Hydrides befindliche atomare bzw. molekulare Wasserstoff entfernt und es kommt zu einer gleichmäßigen Verteilung des Stearates auf der Hydridoberfläche.The further task is solved by the manufacturing method specified in claim 5. According to this method, the alkali metal hydride is treated in vacuo at a pressure of about 10 2 Pa and a temperature above 100 ° C mixed with the stearate. Under these conditions, any atomic or molecular hydrogen present on the inner and outer surfaces of the hydride is removed and the stearate is evenly distributed on the hydride surface.

Ein solchermaßen hergestellter Brennstoff, der aus einer Mischung aus Lithiumhydrid (LiH) und einem etwa 5 %igen Zusatz von Lithiumstearat (C17 H35 COOLi) besteht, die in dünnflüssiges Paraffin (Cio H20) eingebettet ist, ist zusammen mit einem Oxydator aus in Wasser gelöstem Lithiumchlorat (LiC103) als Treibstoff in thermodynamischen Antriebssystem für Torpedos geeignet. Darüber hinaus ist dieser Brennstoff gleichermaßen auch für Raketenantriebssysteme geeignet.A fuel produced in this way, which consists of a mixture of lithium hydride (LiH) and an approximately 5% addition of lithium stearate (C 17 H 35 COOLi), which is embedded in low-viscosity paraffin (Cio H20), together with an oxidizer is made of in Water-soluble lithium chlorate (LiC10 3 ) is suitable as a fuel in thermodynamic drive systems for torpedoes. In addition, this fuel is equally suitable for rocket propulsion systems.

Claims (8)

1. Brennstoff mit einem Anteil an festen Komponenten, der in einem von der Außenluft unabhängigen Antriebssystem mit einem Oxydator zur Reaktion gebracht wird und dessen Feststoffanteil ein Metallhydrid enthält, das in eine aus einer inerten Substanz, vorzugsweise einem Alkan, bestehenden Flüssigkomponente eingebettet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Feststoffanteil etwa 1.5 bis 5 Gewichts-% eines Stearates zugesetzt sind.1. Fuel with a proportion of solid components, which is reacted with an oxidizer in a drive system that is independent of the outside air and whose solids content contains a metal hydride, which is embedded in a liquid component consisting of an inert substance, preferably an alkane characterized in that about 1.5 to 5% by weight of a stearate is added to the solids content. 2. Brennstoff nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Stearat aus Lithiumstearat ( C17 H35 COOLi) besteht.2. Fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that the stearate consists of lithium stearate (C 17 H 35 COOLi). 3. Brennstoff nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Feststoffanteil aus dem Hydrid eines Alkalimetalls besteht.3. Fuel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the solids content consists of the hydride of an alkali metal. 4. Brennstoff nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Feststoffanteil aus Lithiumhydrid (LiH) besteht.4. Fuel according to claim 3, characterized in that the solids content consists of lithium hydride (LiH). 5. Brennstoff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flüssigkomponente aus dünnflüssigen Paraffin (C, H20) besteht.5. Fuel according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the liquid component consists of low-viscosity paraffin (C, H20). 6. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Brennstoffs nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Metallhydrid bei erhöhter Temperatur und unter vermindertem Druck mit dem Stearat vermischt wird.6. A method for producing a fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the metal hydride is mixed with the stearate at elevated temperature and under reduced pressure. 7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Temperatur oberhalb von 100° C liegt.7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the temperature is above 100 ° C. 8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Druck weniger als 105 Pa beträgt.8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the pressure is less than 10 5 Pa.
EP91106749A 1990-07-26 1991-04-26 Process for the manufacture of a fuel Expired - Lifetime EP0468144B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4023738A DE4023738C1 (en) 1990-07-26 1990-07-26
DE4023738 1990-07-26

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EP0468144A1 true EP0468144A1 (en) 1992-01-29
EP0468144B1 EP0468144B1 (en) 1994-03-02

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EP91106749A Expired - Lifetime EP0468144B1 (en) 1990-07-26 1991-04-26 Process for the manufacture of a fuel

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US (1) US5139589A (en)
EP (1) EP0468144B1 (en)
DE (1) DE4023738C1 (en)

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US20090078182A1 (en) * 2007-09-20 2009-03-26 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Lithium pellets coated with fluorinated oil

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US3153902A (en) * 1961-04-04 1964-10-27 Jacques C Morrell Lithium rocket propellants and process for using the same
US3728434A (en) * 1968-02-06 1973-04-17 Ethyl Corp Treatment of metal hydrides
US3812237A (en) * 1968-11-08 1974-05-21 Ethyl Corp Beryllium hydride containing stabilizing agents
US3919405A (en) * 1967-06-01 1975-11-11 Dynamit Nobel Ag Stabilization of alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal hydrides
EP0216635A1 (en) * 1985-09-25 1987-04-01 Fusion Aided Combustion Technology International Corporation Hydrogen energy releasing catalyst
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US2960394A (en) * 1958-04-07 1960-11-15 Dow Chemical Co High energy fuel
US3153902A (en) * 1961-04-04 1964-10-27 Jacques C Morrell Lithium rocket propellants and process for using the same
US3919405A (en) * 1967-06-01 1975-11-11 Dynamit Nobel Ag Stabilization of alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal hydrides
US3728434A (en) * 1968-02-06 1973-04-17 Ethyl Corp Treatment of metal hydrides
US3812237A (en) * 1968-11-08 1974-05-21 Ethyl Corp Beryllium hydride containing stabilizing agents
US4663933A (en) * 1984-12-01 1987-05-12 Erno Raumfahrtechnik Gmbh Combustion independent from ambient air
EP0216635A1 (en) * 1985-09-25 1987-04-01 Fusion Aided Combustion Technology International Corporation Hydrogen energy releasing catalyst
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US5139589A (en) 1992-08-18
EP0468144B1 (en) 1994-03-02
DE4023738C1 (en) 1991-09-26

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