EP0467761B1 - Container provided with a one-piece catch - Google Patents

Container provided with a one-piece catch Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0467761B1
EP0467761B1 EP91401942A EP91401942A EP0467761B1 EP 0467761 B1 EP0467761 B1 EP 0467761B1 EP 91401942 A EP91401942 A EP 91401942A EP 91401942 A EP91401942 A EP 91401942A EP 0467761 B1 EP0467761 B1 EP 0467761B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
clasp
branches
elastic
case part
clasp body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91401942A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0467761A1 (en
Inventor
Robert Petit
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lir France SA
Original Assignee
Lir France SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lir France SA filed Critical Lir France SA
Priority to EP94108200A priority Critical patent/EP0619239A1/en
Publication of EP0467761A1 publication Critical patent/EP0467761A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0467761B1 publication Critical patent/EP0467761B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45C—PURSES; LUGGAGE; HAND CARRIED BAGS
    • A45C13/00—Details; Accessories
    • A45C13/10—Arrangement of fasteners
    • A45C13/1076—Arrangement of fasteners with a snap action
    • A45C13/1084—Arrangement of fasteners with a snap action of the latch-and-catch type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D43/00—Lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D43/14—Non-removable lids or covers
    • B65D43/16—Non-removable lids or covers hinged for upward or downward movement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2251/00—Details relating to container closures
    • B65D2251/10—Details of hinged closures
    • B65D2251/1016—Means for locking the closure in closed position
    • B65D2251/1058—Latching mechanisms

Definitions

  • the upper housing part 6 has a locking hook 22 which, when the housing is closed, crosses the opening 20 of the lower housing part 3 and cooperates with the hook 12 of the clasp 1, by the sliding of the ramp 23 of the hook 22 on the ramp 13 of the hook 12 until the two hooks snap one behind the other.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un boîtier formé de deux parties articulées l'une sur l'autre et équipé d'un fermoir monopièce comprenant un corps susceptible d'être monté coulissant dans une première partie du boîtier, corps sur lequel sont prévus des moyens de retenue pour définir une première position dudit corps dans ladite première partie de boîtier, des moyens élastiques de rappel pour solliciter ledit corps élastiquement à ladite première position, des moyens d'actionnement accessible de l'extérieur à travers une ouverture de ladite première partie de boîtier pour déplacer ledit corps par une poussée manuelle, à l'encontre de l'action desdits moyens de rappel, et des moyens de verrouillage pour maintenir le boîtier fermé.The present invention relates to a housing formed by two parts articulated one on the other and equipped with a one-piece clasp comprising a body capable of being slidably mounted in a first part of the housing, body on which means are provided. retaining means for defining a first position of said body in said first housing part, elastic return means for urging said body elastically to said first position, actuation means accessible from the outside through an opening in said first part of housing for moving said body by manual pushing, against the action of said return means, and locking means for keeping the housing closed.

Sur des boîtiers connus de ce type, en particulier des boîtiers de maquillage, un tel fermoir monopièce comprend un corps sur lequel deux branches formant les moyens élastiques de rappel font saillie latéralement, sur deux côtés opposés, ces deux branches coopérant par flexion avec deux appuis latéraux prévus sur la première partie de boîtier. Du fait de la présence de ces deux branches en saillie latéralement sur le corps, la première partie de boîtier doit obligatoirement être réalisée en deux pièces, à savoir un fond et une pièce de recouvrement, le fermoir étant monté dans le fond avant la mise en place de la pièce de recouvrement. Cela complique l'assemblage du boîtier et augmente le coût de ce dernier.On known cases of this type, in particular make-up cases, such a one-piece clasp comprises a body on which two branches forming the elastic return means project laterally, on two opposite sides, these two branches cooperating by bending with two supports side provided on the first housing part. Due to the presence of these two branches projecting laterally from the body, the first housing part must necessarily be made in two parts, namely a bottom and a covering piece, the clasp being mounted in the bottom before setting place of the cover piece. This complicates the assembly of the housing and increases the cost of the latter.

On connaît par ailleurs, par le document DE-C-37 35 320, un boitier en deux parties articulées l'une sur l'autre, dans lequel un fermoir monopièce présente un corps rigide ayant d'une part deux ailes latérales rigides qui portent des crans de retenue destinés à coopérer avec des parties de butée sur la partie de boîtier recevant le fermoir, et d'autre part deux branches élastiques de rappel obliques divergentes se raccordant en position médiane au corps de fermoir et portant contre une surface d'appui prévue sur ladite partie du boîtier.We also know, from document DE-C-37 35 320, a case in two parts articulated one on the other, in which a one-piece clasp has a rigid body having on the one hand two rigid lateral wings which carry retaining notches intended to cooperate with abutment parts on the housing part receiving the clasp, and on the other hand two elastic oblique biasing return arms connecting in the middle position to the clasp body and bearing against a bearing surface provided on said part of the housing.

La présente invention vise un boîtier avec un fermoir monopièce qui, tout en étant de structure et de fabrication simples, puisse être monté en dernière phase d'assemblage du boîtier.The present invention relates to a housing with a one-piece clasp which, while being of simple structure and manufacture, can be mounted in the last phase of assembly of the housing.

Le boîtier objet de la présente invention est formé de deux parties articulées l'une sur l'autre, dont une première comporte une ouverture pour recevoir un fermoir monopièce ayant un corps qui est monté coulissant dans ladite ouverture et qui est réalisé de manière qu'il puisse être introduit dans ladite première partie de boîtier par coulissement à travers ladite ouverture. Sur ce corps sont prévus: des moyens élastiques de rappel pour solliciter le corps de fermoir élastiquement à l'encontre du sens d'introduction du corps de fermoir dans la première partie de boitier, lesdits moyens élastiques de rappel étant constitués par deux branches élastiques obliques formées d'une seule pièce avec le corps de fermoir, dans le prolongement dudit corps dans le sens d'introduction de ce dernier dans la première partie de boîtier, de manière à coopérer par flexion élastique avec une surface d'appui prévue sur la première partie de boîtier; des moyens d'actionnement accessibles de l'extérieur pour déplacer le corps de fermoir par une poussée manuelle à l'encontre de l'action de rappel desdites branches élastiques; des moyens de verrouillage coopérant avec des moyens d'accrochage prévus sur la deuxième partie de boîtier pour maintenir le boîtier fermé, et des moyens de retenue constitués par des crans latéraux faisant saillie latéralement sur le corps de fermoir pour coopérer, à la fin du montage du corps de fermoir dans la première partie de boîtier, par encliquetage avec des moyens de butée sur la première partie de boîtier. Selon l'invention, le corps de fermoir présente une ferme en U avec une âme portant lesdits moyens d'actionnement et deux ailes élastiques. Lesdites branches sont formées chacune dans le prolongement d'une desdites deux ailes et convergent l'une vers l'autre. Lesdits crans latéraux sont formés sur lesdites ailes dans la zone de raccordement desdites branches aux ailes du corps de fermoir.The case object of the present invention is formed of two parts hinged on each other, a first of which has an opening for receiving a one-piece clasp having a body which is slidably mounted in said opening and which is produced so that it can be introduced into said first housing part by sliding through said opening. On this body are provided: elastic return means for urging the clasp body elastically against the direction of introduction of the clasp body into the first part of the case, said elastic return means being constituted by two oblique elastic branches formed in one piece with the clasp body, in the extension of said body in the direction of introduction of the latter into the first housing part, so as to cooperate by elastic bending with a bearing surface provided on the first housing part; actuating means accessible from the outside for moving the clasp body by manual pushing against the return action of said elastic branches; locking means cooperating with hooking means provided on the second housing part to keep the housing closed, and retaining means constituted by lateral notches projecting laterally on the clasp body to cooperate, at the end of mounting of the clasp body in the first housing part, by snap-fastening with stop means on the first housing part. According to the invention, the clasp body has a U-shaped farm with a core carrying said actuating means and two elastic wings. Said branches are each formed in the extension of one of said two wings and converge towards one another. Said lateral notches are formed on said wings in the zone of connection of said branches to the wings of the clasp body.

En se référant aux dessins schématiques annexés, on va décrire ci-après plus en détail un mode de réalisation illustratif et non limitatif d'un boîtier avec fermoir conforme à l'invention;

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un fermoir suivant l'invention, avant son montage dans le boîtier;
  • la figure 2 est une vue de dessus du fermoir de la figure 1, après son montage dans le boîtier;
  • la figure 3 est une vue analogue à celle de la figure 2, montrant le fermoir après son actionnement par poussée manuelle;
  • la figure 4 est une coupe suivant IV-IV de la figure 2.
Referring to the appended schematic drawings, there will be described below in more detail an illustrative and nonlimiting embodiment of a housing with clasp according to the invention;
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a clasp according to the invention, before mounting in the housing;
  • Figure 2 is a top view of the clasp of Figure 1, after mounting in the housing;
  • Figure 3 is a view similar to that of Figure 2 showing the clasp after its actuation by manual push;
  • FIG. 4 is a section along IV-IV of FIG. 2.

Selon les figures 1 à 4 un fermoir monopièce réalisé en matière plastique, par exemple en polyacétal, est destiné à être monté par coulissement dans le sens de la flèche 2 sur la figure 1 dans une partie 3 d'un boîtier, par une ouverture 4 prévue dans la tranche 5 de la partie de boîtier 3. Dans l'exemple représenté, la partie de boîtier 3 est la partie inférieure ou partie de fond d'un boîtier dont la partie supérieure 6 ou partie de couvercle visible sur la figure 4 est articulée de manière non représentée sur la partie inférieure 3 à l'opposé de la tranche 5.According to Figures 1 to 4 a one-piece clasp made of plastic, for example polyacetal, is intended to be mounted by sliding in the direction of the arrow 2 in Figure 1 in a part 3 of a housing, by an opening 4 planned in tranche 5 of the housing part 3. In the example shown, the housing part 3 is the lower part or bottom part of a housing whose upper part 6 or cover part visible in FIG. 4 is articulated in a manner not shown on the lower part 3 opposite the section 5.

Le fermoir 1 comprend un corps 7 de forme extérieure générale parallélépipédique. Plus précisément, le corps 7 présente, vu en plan, une forme en U, l'âme du U constituant la grande tranche extérieure 8 du corps 7 et les deux ailes du U constituant les deux petites tranches opposées 9 du corps 7.The clasp 1 comprises a body 7 of generally parallelepiped external shape. More specifically, the body 7 has, seen in plan, a U-shape, the core of the U constituting the large outer edge 8 of the body 7 and the two wings of the U constituting the two opposite small edges 9 of the body 7.

Sur la tranche 8 est formée une nervure 10 en saillie vers l'extérieur, sur toute la longueur de la tranche 8, cette nervure 10 servant de moyen d'actionnement du fermoir 1.On the wafer 8 is formed a rib 10 projecting outwards, over the entire length of the wafer 8, this rib 10 serving as a means of actuating the clasp 1.

La tranche 8 porte par ailleurs, sur le côté intérieur, une cage 11 ouverte vers le haut, dont le côté opposé à la tranche 8 se termine vers le haut par une tête 12 en forme de crochet dont le flanc 13 tourné vers la tranche 8 est incliné en forme de rampe.The wafer 8 also carries, on the interior side, a cage 11 open upwards, the side opposite to the wafer 8 ends upwards by a head 12 in the form of a hook whose flank 13 faces the wafer 8 is inclined in the form of a ramp.

Les deux tranches 9 du corps 7 sont prolongées à l'opposé de la tranche 8 par deux branches 14 obliques convergentes se terminant à faible distance l'une de l'autre.The two sections 9 of the body 7 are extended opposite the section 8 by two oblique converging branches 14 ending at a short distance from each other.

A l'endroit du raccordement des branches 14 aux tranches latérales 9 du corps 7 du fermoir 1, chaque tranche 9 comporte un cran 15 en saillie latéralement vers l'extérieur. Chaque cran 15 est défini, du côté tourné vers la tranche 8, par un flanc 16 perpendiculaire à la tranche 9 et, du côté tourné vers la branche 14, par un flanc 17 oblique, formant rampe (voir figure 1).At the point of connection of the branches 14 to the lateral edges 9 of the body 7 of the clasp 1, each edge 9 has a notch 15 projecting laterally outwards. Each notch 15 is defined, on the side facing the edge 8, by a sidewall 16 perpendicular to the edge 9 and, on the side facing the branch 14, by an oblique sidewall 17, forming a ramp (see FIG. 1).

L'ouverture 4 prévue dans la partie de boîtier 3 pour recevoir le fermoir 1 présente une hauteur très légèrement supérieure à la hauteur du corps 7 du fermoir. La largeur de l'ouverture 4 est très légèrement supérieure à la largeur que le corps 7 présente à l'endroit de ses tranches 9, en dehors des crans 15, mais inférieure à la largeur hors tout du corps 7 à l'endroit des crans 15.The opening 4 provided in the housing part 3 to receive the clasp 1 has a height very slightly greater than the height of the body 7 of the clasp. The width of the opening 4 is very slightly greater than the width that the body 7 has at the location of its edges 9, outside the notches 15, but less than the overall width of the body 7 at the location of the notches 15.

A l'intérieur de la partie de boîtier 3, l'ouverture 4 débouche dans une cavité 18 dont la largeur est supérieure à la largeur hors tout du corps 7 du fermoir 1 à l'endroit des crans 15, cette cavité se raccordant par deux épaulements 19 à l'ouverture 4. La profondeur de la cavité 18 est légèrement inférieure à la distance séparant les flancs 16 des crans 15 du corps 7 du fermoir 1 des extrémités libres des branches 14 perpendiculairement au plan de la tranche 8 du corps 7.Inside the housing part 3, the opening 4 opens into a cavity 18 whose width is greater than the overall width of the body 7 of the clasp 1 at the location of the notches 15, this cavity connected by two shoulders 19 to the opening 4. The depth of the cavity 18 is slightly less than the distance separating the sides 16 of the notches 15 of the body 7 of the clasp 1 of the free ends of the branches 14 perpendicular to the plane of the edge 8 body 7.

La partie de boîtier 3 comporte par ailleurs, dans sa face supérieure, une ouverture 20 dont la fonction apparaîtra par la suite.The housing part 3 also comprises, in its upper face, an opening 20 whose function will appear later.

Le fermoir 1 tel que décrit ci-dessus et illustré par les figures 1 à 4 peut être monté dans la partie de boîtier 3 par introduction dans le sens de la flèche 2 dans l'ouverture 4, les branches 14 étant tournées vers l'avant. Pendant ce mouvement d'introduction, les tranches 9 du corps 7 fléchissent légèrement vers l'intérieur lors du passage des crans 15 dans l'ouverture 4, pour se détendre ensuite dès que les crans 15 ont franchi les épaulements 19 et viennent s'encliqueter derrière ces épaulements. Peu de temps avant cet encliquetage des crans 15 derrière les épaulements 19, les extrémités libres des branches 14 touchent le fond 21 de la cavité 18, de sorte que lorsque les crans 15 sont encliquetés derrière les épaulements 19, les branches 14 se trouvent légèrement fléchies élastiquement. C'est donc sous l'effet de l'élasticité des branches 14 que les flancs 16 des crans 15 sont appuyés contre les épaulements 19 qui servent de butée, empêchant le fermoir 1 une fois introduit dans la partie de boîtier 3 de la manière visible sur la figure 2 de ressortir de la partie de boîtier 3.The clasp 1 as described above and illustrated by Figures 1 to 4 can be mounted in the housing part 3 by insertion in the direction of the arrow 2 into the opening 4, the arms 14 being turned forward . During this introduction movement, the edges 9 of the body 7 bend slightly inward when the notches 15 pass through the opening 4, to then relax as soon as the notches 15 have crossed the shoulders 19 and come into place behind these shoulders. Shortly before this catching of the notches 15 behind the shoulders 19, the free ends of the branches 14 touch the bottom 21 of the cavity 18, so that when the notches 15 are snapped behind the shoulders 19, the branches 14 are slightly bent elastically. It is therefore under the effect of the elasticity of the branches 14 that the sides 16 of the notches 15 are pressed against the shoulders 19 which serve as a stop, preventing the clasp 1 once introduced into the housing part 3 in a visible manner in Figure 2 to emerge from the housing part 3.

Dans cette position de montage, les crans 15 ne gênent pas une mobilité du fermoir 1 à l'encontre de l'effet de rappel des branches 14 élastiques en flexion, sous l'action d'une poussée exercée à la main sur la nervure d'actionnement 10 dans le sens de la flèche comme le montre la figure 3.In this mounting position, the notches 15 do not hinder the mobility of the clasp 1 against the return effect of the elastic branches 14 in bending, under the action of a push exerted by hand on the rib d actuation 10 in the direction of the arrow as shown in FIG. 3.

Tel que cela apparaît sur la figure 4, la partie supérieure de boîtier 6 comporte un crochet de verrouillage 22 qui, au moment de la fermeture du boîtier, traverse l'ouverture 20 de la partie inférieure de boîtier 3 et vient coopérer avec le crochet 12 du fermoir 1, par le glissement de la rampe 23 du crochet 22 sur la rampe 13 du crochet 12 jusqu'à l'encliquetage des deux crochets l'un derrière l'autre.As shown in Figure 4, the upper housing part 6 has a locking hook 22 which, when the housing is closed, crosses the opening 20 of the lower housing part 3 and cooperates with the hook 12 of the clasp 1, by the sliding of the ramp 23 of the hook 22 on the ramp 13 of the hook 12 until the two hooks snap one behind the other.

Pour déverrouiller les deux crochets 22 et 12 en vue d'ouvrir le boîtier, on exerce une poussée sur la nervure 12 du fermoir 1 dans le sens de la flèche P sur la figure 3, de sorte que le fermoir 1 se trouve enfoncé, à l'encontre de l'effet de rappel des branches 14 qui fléchissent élastiquement, ce qui permet au crochet 22 de se dégager du crochet 12 lorsqu'un couple est exercé sur la partie supérieure de boîtier 6 dans le sens de l'ouverture, soit manuellement, soit par un moyen élastique connu en soi.To unlock the two hooks 22 and 12 in order to open the case, a push is exerted on the rib 12 of the clasp 1 in the direction of the arrow P in FIG. 3, so that the clasp 1 is pressed in. against the return effect of the branches 14 which flex elastically, which allows the hook 22 to disengage from the hook 12 when a torque is exerted on the upper part of the housing 6 in the direction of the opening, ie manually, or by an elastic means known per se.

Claims (1)

  1. Case composed of two parts (3, 6) articulated to one another, a first part (3) of which has an opening (4) for accommodating a one-piece clasp (1) having a body (7) which is slidably mounted in the said opening, which is constructed so that it can be introduced into the said first case part (3) by sliding through the said opening (4) and on which are provided: elastic return means for urging the clasp body (7) elastically counter to the direction in which the clasp body is introduced into the first case part (3), the said elastic return means consisting of two oblique elastic branches (14) made in one piece with the clasp body (7), in the extension of the said body in the direction of its introduction into the first case part (3), so as to engage by elastic bending with a bearing surface (21) provided on the first case part (3); actuating means (10), which are accessible from the outside, for displacing the clasp body (7) by manual pressure (P) counter to the return action of the said elastic branches (14); locking means (12) engaging with hooking means (22) provided on the second case part (6) for keeping the case closed, and retention means consisting of lateral catches (15) projecting laterally from the clasp body (7) for engaging, at the end of the mounting of the clasp body (7) in the first case part (3), by snapping in with stop means (19) on the first case part (3), characterized in that the clasp body (7) has the shape of a U with a core (8) carrying the said actuating means (10) and two elastic wings (9), in that the said branches (14) are each formed in the extension of one of the said two wings (9) and converge towards each other, and in that the said lateral catches (15) are formed on the said wings (9) in the area of the junction of the said branches (14) with the wings (9) of the clasp body (7).
EP91401942A 1990-07-19 1991-07-11 Container provided with a one-piece catch Expired - Lifetime EP0467761B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP94108200A EP0619239A1 (en) 1990-07-19 1991-07-11 Container provided with a one-piece catch

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9009239 1990-07-19
FR909009239A FR2664876B1 (en) 1990-07-19 1990-07-19 HOUSING PROVIDED WITH A SINGLE-PIECE CLASP.

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94108200.0 Division-Into 1991-07-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0467761A1 EP0467761A1 (en) 1992-01-22
EP0467761B1 true EP0467761B1 (en) 1995-05-10

Family

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91401942A Expired - Lifetime EP0467761B1 (en) 1990-07-19 1991-07-11 Container provided with a one-piece catch
EP94108200A Withdrawn EP0619239A1 (en) 1990-07-19 1991-07-11 Container provided with a one-piece catch

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94108200A Withdrawn EP0619239A1 (en) 1990-07-19 1991-07-11 Container provided with a one-piece catch

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5135126A (en)
EP (2) EP0467761B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69109559T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2664876B1 (en)

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CN101472412B (en) * 2007-12-27 2012-07-04 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 Cover-turning type electronic device casing
IT1394529B1 (en) * 2009-04-17 2012-07-05 Palazzoli Spa RELEASE LOCKING DEVICE, PARTICULARLY FOR COVERS, DOORS AND THE LIKE
US8602256B2 (en) * 2011-03-28 2013-12-10 Yao-Hung Wang Quick open structure for a tool box
WO2013039407A1 (en) 2011-09-16 2013-03-21 Green Gas As Modular anaerobic digestion system
CN103922043A (en) * 2014-05-04 2014-07-16 苏州博讯仪器有限公司 Portable instrument box
WO2017022068A1 (en) * 2015-08-04 2017-02-09 三菱電機株式会社 Assembly structure for housing of electronic device, and electronic device
CN111688586B (en) * 2019-03-15 2024-03-22 日本富拉司特株式会社 Opening/closing body device and storage device
US11370583B2 (en) * 2021-04-01 2022-06-28 Michael E. Salemi Storage box for storing an article

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69109559D1 (en) 1995-06-14
FR2664876A1 (en) 1992-01-24
US5135126A (en) 1992-08-04
DE69109559T2 (en) 1995-11-30
FR2664876B1 (en) 1994-06-10
EP0619239A1 (en) 1994-10-12
EP0467761A1 (en) 1992-01-22

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