EP0463900A1 - Lubrication system for the contacting surfaces of a camshaft and a hydraulic tappet for an internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Lubrication system for the contacting surfaces of a camshaft and a hydraulic tappet for an internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0463900A1 EP0463900A1 EP91401441A EP91401441A EP0463900A1 EP 0463900 A1 EP0463900 A1 EP 0463900A1 EP 91401441 A EP91401441 A EP 91401441A EP 91401441 A EP91401441 A EP 91401441A EP 0463900 A1 EP0463900 A1 EP 0463900A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- jacket
- tappet
- orifice
- hydraulic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
- F02F7/006—Camshaft or pushrod housings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/20—Adjusting or compensating clearance
- F01L1/22—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically
- F01L1/24—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically
- F01L1/245—Hydraulic tappets
- F01L1/25—Hydraulic tappets between cam and valve stem
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
- F01M9/00—Lubrication means having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M7/00
- F01M9/10—Lubrication of valve gear or auxiliaries
- F01M9/101—Lubrication of valve gear or auxiliaries of cam surfaces
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a system for lubricating the surfaces in contact with a camshaft and a hydraulic tappet for an internal combustion engine.
- These pushers generally comprise a jacket comprising a first hydraulic compression chamber for adjusting the clearance of a corresponding valve, this chamber being supplied from a source of fluid through a first orifice formed in the side wall of the jacket, when the pusher is in the high position.
- the object of the invention is therefore to solve these problems by proposing a lubrication system for surfaces in contact with the camshaft and the hydraulic valve which is simple, reliable and which avoids any machining or addition of additional parts in the cylinder head.
- the subject of the invention is a system for lubricating the surfaces in contact with a camshaft and a hydraulic tappet for an internal combustion engine, in which the tappet comprises a jacket comprising a first hydraulic compression chamber for adjusting the clearance of a corresponding valve, supplied from a source of fluid through at least one first orifice formed in the side wall of the jacket, when the pusher is in the high position, characterized in that the jacket comprises a second hydraulic chamber, above the first, at least one second orifice opening into the second chamber, formed in its side wall above the first, at a distance corresponding to the stroke of the pusher, so that the second chamber is supplied from the source when the pusher is in the low position, and at least one third orifice formed in its upper wall, opening on the one hand in the second chamber and on the other hand near the surfaces in contact with the camshaft and the tappet to lubricate them.
- the hydraulic tappets 2 of the prior art have a jacket 8 and a piston assembly 9 used to adjust the clearance of a corresponding valve.
- This fluid is introduced into this chamber by means of an annular groove 12 formed in the external surface of the side wall of the jacket, and of an orifice 13 opening on the one hand into the chamber 11 and on the other hand into the groove 12, from the feed channel 5 described with reference to FIG. 1.
- An orifice 14 ( Figure 1), one end of which opens into this channel 5, is also provided in the cylinder head, to supply this chamber with fluid when the pusher is in the high position.
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a pusher used in the constitution of a lubrication system according to the invention, we see that it has the same elements as those described in look of Figure 2 namely a jacket 15, a piston assembly 16, a first annular spacer 17 between the side wall of the jacket and the piston assembly, a first orifice 18 opening into a first annular groove 19 for the supply of a first chamber 20 of fluid necessary for the operation of the piston assembly.
- the jacket 15 comprises a second hydraulic chamber 21 formed above the first.
- the first and second hydraulic chambers of this jacket are separated by an annular spacer 22 one end of which is fixed to the interior surface of the side wall of the jacket 15 and the other to the interior surface of the top wall of this jacket.
- This jacket also has at least a second orifice 23 opening into this second chamber 21, this orifice being formed in the side wall of the shirt, above the first orifice 18 at a distance corresponding to the stroke of the pusher so that the second chamber 21 is supplied from the source 5 when the pusher is in the low position, as will be described in more detail below.
- This orifice also opens into an annular groove 24 parallel to the groove 19 described above.
- the jacket also comprises at least a third calibrated orifice 25 formed in its upper wall, this orifice opening on the one hand into the second chamber 21 and on the other hand near the surfaces in contact with the camshaft and the tappet to lubricate them.
- the annular spacers 17 and 22 can be fixed in any suitable manner in the jacket, for example by crimping or welding by electronic bombardment.
- This orifice 25 can be determined to precisely direct a certain quantity of fluid on the facing surfaces to obtain optimal lubrication.
- the annular groove 24 may have several orifices spaced around its periphery to improve the filling of the second chamber.
- several differently oriented orifices can be provided in the upper wall of the pusher to ensure the simultaneous lubrication of several elements, for example in the case of engines having twin camshafts or valve controls by combined cam / latch devices.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un système de lubrification des surfaces en contact d'un arbre à cames et d'un poussoir hydraulique pour un moteur à combustion interne.The present invention relates to a system for lubricating the surfaces in contact with a camshaft and a hydraulic tappet for an internal combustion engine.
Ces poussoirs comportent généralement une chemise comprenant une première chambre hydraulique de compression pour le réglage du jeu d'une soupape correspondante, cette chambre étant alimentée à partir d'une source de fluide à travers un premier orifice ménagé dans la paroi latérale de la chemise, lorsque le poussoir est en position haute.These pushers generally comprise a jacket comprising a first hydraulic compression chamber for adjusting the clearance of a corresponding valve, this chamber being supplied from a source of fluid through a first orifice formed in the side wall of the jacket, when the pusher is in the high position.
Dans les moteurs à combustion interne, dans lesquels les soupapes sont actionnées par des poussoirs hydrauliques, il est nécessaire de lubrifier les surfaces en contact de l'arbre à cames et du poussoir. Pour cela on crée un bain d'huile dans le fond de la culasse du moteur, ce bain d'huile permettant également d'évacuer les calories dégagées par le frottement des pièces en mouvement.In internal combustion engines, in which the valves are actuated by hydraulic tappets, it is necessary to lubricate the surfaces in contact with the camshaft and the tappet. For this, an oil bath is created in the bottom of the cylinder head of the engine, this oil bath also making it possible to evacuate the calories released by the friction of the moving parts.
Pour alimenter ce bain d'huile on utilise actuellement soit une rampe de lubrification ménagée dans le couvre-culasse ou rapportée à celui-ci, soit un canal d'alimentation des poussoirs hydrauliques en fluide sous pression, ménagé dans la culasse, en pratiquant dans cette culasse des perçages débouchant d'une part dans ce canal et d'autre part, au niveau des cames.To supply this oil bath, we currently use either a lubrication ramp provided in the cylinder head cover or attached to it, or a supply channel for the hydraulic lifters with pressurized fluid, provided in the cylinder head, practicing in this cylinder head of the holes opening on the one hand into this channel and on the other hand, at the level of the cams.
Cependant ces différentes solutions présentent un certain nombre d'inconvénients. En effet elles nécessitent des pièces ou des usinages supplémentaires. Par ailleurs, le débit de fluide est permanent de sorte qu'il peut y avoir surabondance de fluide dans le fond de la culasse ce qui oblige à évacuer le trop plein vers le bac à huile situé dans le bas du moteur.However, these different solutions have a certain number of drawbacks. Indeed they require additional parts or machining. Furthermore, the fluid flow is permanent so that there can be an overabundance of fluid in the bottom of the cylinder head, which means that the overflow must be discharged to the oil tank located at the bottom of the engine.
Le but de l'invention est donc de résoudre ces problèmes en proposant un système de lubrification des surfaces en contact de l'arbre à cames et du poussoir hydraulique qui soit simple, fiable et qui évite tout usinage ou adjonction de pièces supplémentaires dans la culasse.The object of the invention is therefore to solve these problems by proposing a lubrication system for surfaces in contact with the camshaft and the hydraulic valve which is simple, reliable and which avoids any machining or addition of additional parts in the cylinder head.
A cet effet l'invention a pour objet un système de lubrification des surfaces en contact d'un arbre à cames et d'un poussoir hydraulique pour un moteur à combustion interne, dans lequel le poussoir comporte une chemise comprenant une première chambre hydraulique de compression pour le réglage du jeu d'une soupape correspondante, alimentée à partir d'une source de fluide à travers au moins un premier orifice ménagé dans la paroi latérale de la chemise, lorsque le poussoir est en position haute, caractérisé en ce que la chemise comprend une deuxième chambre hydraulique, au-dessus de la première, au moins un deuxième orifice débouchant dans la deuxième chambre, ménagé dans sa paroi latérale au-dessus du premier, à une distance correspondant à la course du poussoir, pour que la deuxième chambre soit alimentée à partir de la source lorsque le poussoir est en position basse, et au moins un troisième orifice ménagé dans sa paroi supérieure, débouchant d'une part dans la deuxième chambre et d'autre part à proximité des surfaces en contact de l'arbre à cames et du poussoir pour les lubrifier.To this end, the subject of the invention is a system for lubricating the surfaces in contact with a camshaft and a hydraulic tappet for an internal combustion engine, in which the tappet comprises a jacket comprising a first hydraulic compression chamber for adjusting the clearance of a corresponding valve, supplied from a source of fluid through at least one first orifice formed in the side wall of the jacket, when the pusher is in the high position, characterized in that the jacket comprises a second hydraulic chamber, above the first, at least one second orifice opening into the second chamber, formed in its side wall above the first, at a distance corresponding to the stroke of the pusher, so that the second chamber is supplied from the source when the pusher is in the low position, and at least one third orifice formed in its upper wall, opening on the one hand in the second chamber and on the other hand near the surfaces in contact with the camshaft and the tappet to lubricate them.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description qui va suivre donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :
- La figure 1 est une vue en coupe d'une partie d'un moteur à combustion interne illustrant différents systèmes de lubrification d'un arbre à cames et d'un poussoir, de l'état de la technique ;
- la figure 2 est une vue en coupe partielle d'un poussoir hydraulique de l'état de la technique ;
- la figure 3 est une vue en coupe partielle d'un poussoir hydraulique entrant dans la constitution d'un système de lubrification selon l'invention ; et
- les figures 4 et 5 illustrent le fonctionnement d'un système de lubrification selon l'invention.
- Figure 1 is a sectional view of a portion of an internal combustion engine illustrating different lubrication systems of a camshaft and a tappet, of the prior art;
- Figure 2 is a partial sectional view of a hydraulic plunger of the prior art;
- Figure 3 is a partial sectional view of a hydraulic tappet forming part of a lubrication system according to the invention; and
- Figures 4 and 5 illustrate the operation of a lubrication system according to the invention.
Ainsi qu'on peut le voir sur la figure 1, et comme cela a déjà été mentionné, pour alimenter le bain d'huile créé dans le fond de la culasse pour lubrifier les surfaces en contact d'un arbre à cames 1 et d'un poussoir hydraulique 2, on utilise dans l'état de la technique soit une rampe de lubrification 3 ménagée dans le couvre-culasse 4 ou rapportée à celui-ci, soit le canal 5 d'alimentation des poussoirs hydrauliques en fluide sous pression, en pratiquant dans la culasse 6 des perçages 7. Une extrémité de ces perçages débouche dans ce canal et l'autre, au niveau des cames. Ainsi qu'on l'a mentionné précédemment ces différentes solutions présentent un certain nombre d'inconvénients qui ne seront pas rappelés.As can be seen in Figure 1, and as already mentioned, to supply the oil bath created in the bottom of the cylinder head to lubricate the contact surfaces of a
Les poussoirs hydrauliques 2 de l'état de la technique, dont un est représenté sur la figure 2, comportent une chemise 8 et un ensemble à piston 9 servant à régler le jeu d'une soupape correspondante. Une entretoise annulaire 10 disposée entre l'ensemble à piston 9 et la paroi latérale de la chemise 8, délimite une chambre annulaire 11 destinée à contenir le fluide hydraulique nécessaire au fonctionnement du poussoir. Ce fluide est introduit dans cette chambre au moyen d'une gorge annulaire 12 pratiquée dans la surface extérieure de la paroi latérale de la chemise, et d'un orifice 13 débouchant d'une part dans la chambre 11 et d'autre part dans la gorge 12, à partir du canal d'alimentation 5 décrit en regard de la figure 1.The
Un orifice 14 (Figure 1) dont une extrémité débouche dans ce canal 5, est également prévu dans la culasse, pour alimenter cette chambre en fluide lorsque le poussoir est en position haute.An orifice 14 (Figure 1), one end of which opens into this
Si l'on se reporte maintenant à la figure 3 qui est une vue en coupe d'un poussoir entrant dans la constitution d'un système de lubrification selon l'invention, on constate que celui-ci comporte les mêmes éléments que ceux décrits en regard de la figure 2 à savoir une chemise 15, un ensemble à piston 16, une première entretoise annulaire 17 entre la paroi latérale de la chemise et l'ensemble à piston, un premier orifice 18 débouchant dans une première gorge annulaire 19 pour l'alimentation d'une première chambre 20 de fluide nécessaire au fonctionnement de l'ensemble à piston. Selon l'invention, la chemise 15 comprend une seconde chambre hydraulique 21 ménagée au-dessus de la première. Les première et seconde chambres hydrauliques de cette chemise sont séparées par une entretoise annulaire 22 dont une extrémité est fixée sur la surface intérieure de la paroi latérale de la chemise 15 et l'autre, sur la surface intérieure de la paroi supérieure de cette chemise.If we now refer to Figure 3 which is a sectional view of a pusher used in the constitution of a lubrication system according to the invention, we see that it has the same elements as those described in look of Figure 2 namely a
Cette chemise comporte également au moins un second orifice 23 débouchant dans cette seconde chambre 21, cet orifice étant ménagé dans la paroi latérale de la chemise, au-dessus du premier orifice 18 à une distance correspondant à la course du poussoir pour que la seconde chambre 21 soit alimentée à partir de la source 5 lorsque le poussoir est en position basse, comme cela sera décrit plus en détail par la suite. Cet orifice débouche également dans une gorge annulaire 24 parallèle à la gorge 19 décrite précédemment.This jacket also has at least a
La chemise comporte également au moins un troisième orifice calibré 25 ménagé dans sa paroi supérieure, cet orifice débouchant d'une part dans la seconde chambre 21 et d'autre part à proximité des surfaces en contact de l'arbre à cames et du poussoir pour les lubrifier.
Il est à noter que les entretoises annulaires 17 et 22 peuvent être fixées de toutes manières appropriées dans la chemise comme par exemple par sertissage ou soudage par bombardement électronique.The jacket also comprises at least a third
It should be noted that the
Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 4, lorsque le poussoir 2 est en position haute, le conduit d'alimentation 5 et l'orifice 14 débouchant dans celui-ci sont en regard de l'orifice 18 ménagé dans la paroi latérale de la chemise 15, cet orifice débouchant dans la chambre 20 de fluide sous pression nécessaire pour le réglage du jeu d'une soupape correspondante. Par contre si le poussoir est en position basse (figure 5) le canal 5 d'alimentation en fluide et l'orifice 14 débouchant dans celui-ci, sont en regard du conduit 23 d'alimentation de la seconde chambre 21. Ainsi dans cette position du poussoir la source de fluide alimente cette seconde chambre 21, le fluide sous pression s'échappant de cette chambre par l'orifice 25 ménagé dans la paroi supérieure de la chemise à proximité des surfaces en contact de l'arbre à cames et du poussoir, pour lubrifier celles-ci.As can be seen in FIG. 4, when the
L'orientation et la dimension de cet orifice 25 peuvent être déterminées pour diriger avec précision une certaine quantité de fluide sur les surfaces en regard pour obtenir une lubrification optimale.The orientation and dimension of this
Il est ainsi possible de maîtriser le débit de fluide de lubrification en direction de ces surfaces dans la mesure où ce débit ne se fait dans chaque chambre que durant une partie du temps de travail. Cette structure permet d'éviter tout usinage ou adjonction de pièces supplémentaires dans la culasse ou le couvre-culasse et ne demande qu'une modification mineure du poussoir.It is thus possible to control the flow of lubrication fluid towards these surfaces insofar as this flow takes place in each chamber only during part of the working time. This structure makes it possible to avoid any machining or the addition of additional parts in the cylinder head or the cylinder head cover and requires only a minor modification of the pusher.
Il va de soi bien entendu que d'autres modes de réalisation peuvent être envisagés. Ainsi par exemple la gorge annulaire 24 (Figure 3) peut comporter plusieurs orifices espacés sur son pourtour pour améliorer le remplissage de la seconde chambre. De même plusieurs orifices orientés de manière différente peuvent être prévus dans la paroi supérieure du poussoir pour assurer la lubrification simultanée de plusieurs éléments par exemple dans le cas de moteurs ayant des arbres à cames jumelés ou des commandes de soupapes par dispositifs combinés cames/linguets.It goes without saying of course that other modes of realization can be considered. Thus, for example, the annular groove 24 (FIG. 3) may have several orifices spaced around its periphery to improve the filling of the second chamber. Likewise, several differently oriented orifices can be provided in the upper wall of the pusher to ensure the simultaneous lubrication of several elements, for example in the case of engines having twin camshafts or valve controls by combined cam / latch devices.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9007858 | 1990-06-22 | ||
FR9007858A FR2663683B1 (en) | 1990-06-22 | 1990-06-22 | SYSTEM FOR LUBRICATING SURFACES IN CONTACT WITH A CAMSHAFT AND A HYDRAULIC TAPPET FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0463900A1 true EP0463900A1 (en) | 1992-01-02 |
EP0463900B1 EP0463900B1 (en) | 1993-09-29 |
Family
ID=9397913
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19910401441 Expired - Lifetime EP0463900B1 (en) | 1990-06-22 | 1991-06-03 | Lubrication system for the contacting surfaces of a camshaft and a hydraulic tappet for an internal combustion engine |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0463900B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69100427T2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2663683B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2826403A1 (en) * | 2001-06-21 | 2002-12-27 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | I.C. engine valve push rod comprises cup, sliding in cylinder, having cylindrical sleeve and cam support plate, cup interior volume separated into pushrod fluid supply compartment and plate lubricating chamber |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3380440A (en) * | 1967-06-05 | 1968-04-30 | Niel C. Thuesen | Oil-damped valve-seating compensator |
FR2006542A1 (en) * | 1968-04-19 | 1969-12-26 | Motomak | |
FR2562157A1 (en) * | 1984-03-31 | 1985-10-04 | Motomak | CUP-SHAPED HOOD FOR VALVE PUSH-BUTTON WITH AUTOMATIC HYDRAULIC ADJUSTMENT, FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES WITH CAMSHAFT IN HEAD |
DE3603938A1 (en) * | 1986-02-07 | 1987-08-13 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Timing gear case designed separately from the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6019903A (en) * | 1983-07-14 | 1985-02-01 | Toyota Motor Corp | Valve operating device in internal-combustion engine |
-
1990
- 1990-06-22 FR FR9007858A patent/FR2663683B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1991
- 1991-06-03 DE DE1991600427 patent/DE69100427T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-06-03 EP EP19910401441 patent/EP0463900B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3380440A (en) * | 1967-06-05 | 1968-04-30 | Niel C. Thuesen | Oil-damped valve-seating compensator |
FR2006542A1 (en) * | 1968-04-19 | 1969-12-26 | Motomak | |
FR2562157A1 (en) * | 1984-03-31 | 1985-10-04 | Motomak | CUP-SHAPED HOOD FOR VALVE PUSH-BUTTON WITH AUTOMATIC HYDRAULIC ADJUSTMENT, FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES WITH CAMSHAFT IN HEAD |
DE3603938A1 (en) * | 1986-02-07 | 1987-08-13 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Timing gear case designed separately from the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 9, no. 139 (M-387)(1862) 14 juin 1985, & JP-A-60 019903 (TOYOTA JIDOSHA K.K.) 1 février 1985 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2826403A1 (en) * | 2001-06-21 | 2002-12-27 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | I.C. engine valve push rod comprises cup, sliding in cylinder, having cylindrical sleeve and cam support plate, cup interior volume separated into pushrod fluid supply compartment and plate lubricating chamber |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2663683B1 (en) | 1992-10-09 |
EP0463900B1 (en) | 1993-09-29 |
DE69100427D1 (en) | 1993-11-04 |
FR2663683A1 (en) | 1991-12-27 |
DE69100427T2 (en) | 1994-02-17 |
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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