EP0461455A2 - Device for the extrusion of vegetable particles mixed with binder - Google Patents

Device for the extrusion of vegetable particles mixed with binder Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0461455A2
EP0461455A2 EP91108596A EP91108596A EP0461455A2 EP 0461455 A2 EP0461455 A2 EP 0461455A2 EP 91108596 A EP91108596 A EP 91108596A EP 91108596 A EP91108596 A EP 91108596A EP 0461455 A2 EP0461455 A2 EP 0461455A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plunger
housing
pressing
mixture
longitudinal extent
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EP91108596A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0461455A3 (en
Inventor
Valentin Schollmayer
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0461455A2 publication Critical patent/EP0461455A2/en
Publication of EP0461455A3 publication Critical patent/EP0461455A3/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
    • B30B11/26—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using press rams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/28—Moulding or pressing characterised by using extrusion presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
    • B30B9/3003—Details
    • B30B9/3021—Press rams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
    • B30B9/3089—Extrusion presses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the extrusion of small vegetable parts mixed with binders, in particular of wood chips mixed with binders, with a displaceable plunger which is displaceable in a housing, the front profile profiled piston, the housing having a filling opening for the mixture and the housing interior forming the pressing space for the mixture .
  • Such a device is known from DE 33 22 144 C2. It pre-compresses the small vegetable parts mixed with the binder prior to extrusion.
  • its pressing space can be covered by a reciprocating closing slide with respect to the feed chute located above it and equipped with a compression device acting transversely to the extrusion direction.
  • This consists of two orientation slides, one of which Orientation slide is guided along the bottom of the press chamber and the second orientation slide is guided along the underside of the closing slide, the orientation slide being movably guided transversely to the extrusion direction from a position covering the press chamber into a position releasing the press chamber and provided with a drive which generates movement impulses in and against the opening direction are. Due to the two orientation slides, it is possible to produce layers of the product to be extruded, in particular the outer layers, in a targeted chip orientation and thus to bring about the technological properties of the strand depending on the chip orientation, before the actual compression measure is carried out by the extrusion stroke by means of the extrusion piston after the pre-compression.
  • This has a step-like projection on its end face, the height of which corresponds approximately to the thickness of the middle layer located between the compressed layers, as a result of which a targeted profiling of the end regions of the individual extrusion sections can be brought about, which act like a tongue and groove construction.
  • a disadvantage of the known device is its complicated structure and mode of operation in order to produce a strand of different density. So it is not only necessary to design the housing in several parts, the filling of the press chamber taking place perpendicular to the direction of displacement of the plunger, but also a separate compression device for pre-compressing the mixture is required.
  • a strand with a different density profile can be produced with simple structural means.
  • Of particular interest is the processing of wood chips, especially for the production of elongated panels.
  • the object is achieved in a device of the type mentioned in that the pressing space is oriented vertically in its longitudinal extent, the plunger can be inserted into the filling opening from above and displaceable in the longitudinal extent of the pressing space is, the plunger also has two outer surfaces oriented perpendicular to its direction of displacement and between these two mutually inclined and tapered inner surfaces in the pressing direction of the plunger, and the housing is at least partially heatable.
  • the device according to the invention initially takes up little space on the floor, which is thus essentially oriented in height.
  • the vertical arrangement of the baling chamber also makes it possible to load it with the mixture of binder and small vegetable parts from above, and the baling plunger can also be inserted into the filling opening from above, so that a working direction of the baling piston results from top to bottom.
  • the design of the pressing surface of the plunger in which the two inner surfaces arranged inclined to one another and tapering in the pressing direction of the plunger form an elevated central region.
  • the inner surfaces facing the opposite walls of the housing press the mixture against the walls, while the adjacent outer surfaces act exclusively in the pressing direction of the plunger on the mixture and thus as feed surfaces for the mixture.
  • the inner surfaces an increased density of the mixture occurs in the area of the walls mentioned, so that the strand produced after it has been heated and thus after the binder and small parts have hardened has a high flexural strength in accordance with the different density distribution and also has favorable sound absorption properties.
  • the device according to the invention thus works like a "single-layer" rod extruder, but achieves a mixture with a density distribution in three layers due to the special design of the plunger.
  • the total density of the mixture after pressing can be varied by the piston stroke. It is considered particularly advantageous when working with a small piston stroke, that is to say in each case small amounts of mixture are introduced through the filling opening into the press chamber and then this newly supplied mixture is exposed to the pressing measure by the action of the press piston.
  • an oily binder in particular diisocyanate.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the plunger can be designed in accordance with the cross-sectional shape of a wide variety of extruded products.
  • the inner surface should be inclined to the long sides, in particular to increase the bending strength of the extruded product by compressing the mixture in the edge areas assigned to the long sides. This is the case, for example, in the production of wood panels from wood chips, which are also the preferred field of application of the invention. Because of the compression according to the invention, the panels are relatively closed in the area of their surfaces by the press skin and are primarily suitable for coating with veneers and suitable foils.
  • the plunger has an essentially rectangular cross section perpendicular to its direction of displacement and is provided on the respective two opposite narrow sides thereof with a groove running in the direction of displacement of the plunger and arranged in the middle of the narrow sides.
  • the angle between the inner surfaces of the press piston must be optimized, this is expediently between 70 and 110 °, advantageously between 80 and 100 °, in particular it is 90 °.
  • the arrangement of the inner surfaces of the plunger and the angles enclosed by the inner surfaces are not limited to the described design of the plunger for pressing panels, but it is fundamentally desirable to arrange the tapering region of the plunger centrally and the inner surfaces of the plunger in to orientate the angular range mentioned.
  • the projection width of the respective inner surface should expediently be greater than the width of the assigned outer surface, since the primary task of the inner surfaces is to press the mixture onto the assigned housing walls, while the outer surfaces only introduce the feed force into the mixture.
  • the heatable housing is expediently formed in one piece, in particular in the manner of a tube with a passage cross section adapted to the cross section of the plunger.
  • the tube wall can be heated directly or indirectly, by means of the plunger, in particular the inclined inner surfaces, the pressing takes place against the hot wall. If flat, wide products are to be pressed, it may be sufficient to heat the pipe wall only in the area of the main surfaces of the product.
  • a tube 1 which is interrupted in its longitudinal extent and only shown in its central region, encloses a pressing chamber 2 which is oriented vertically in its longitudinal extent.
  • the press chamber 2 has a filling opening 3 at the top and an outlet opening 4 at the bottom.
  • a plunger 5, shown interrupted in its longitudinal extent, can be inserted into the filling opening 3 from above and can be displaced in the longitudinal direction of the pressing space 2. With A the direction of insertion of the plunger 5 into the press chamber 2 is designated, with A 'the opposite movement of the plunger 5 from the press chamber 2nd
  • the plunger 5 has an essentially rectangular cross section perpendicular to its direction of displacement A or A '.
  • the plunger is shown interrupted in its extension perpendicular to the plane of the drawing according to FIG. 1 to indicate that it has a narrow, elongated profile.
  • the plunger 5 is provided on the respective one of its two opposite narrow sides 6 with a groove 7 running in the displacement direction A and A 'of the plunger 5 and arranged in the middle of the narrow side 6.
  • the projection according to FIG. 2 shows the cross-sectional shape of the panel product generated by the device.
  • Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the design of the plunger 5 in the area of the pressing surface in detail.
  • the plunger 5 has two outer surfaces 8 oriented perpendicularly to its direction of displacement A and A 'and between them two inner surfaces 9 arranged inclined to one another and tapering in the pressing direction A of the plunger 5.
  • the inner surfaces 9 form with the through the outer surfaces 8 level formed the profile of an isosceles triangle with a right angle between the two inner surfaces 9.
  • the pressing surface 8, 9 of the plunger 5 is symmetrical with respect to its longitudinal extent, illustrated by the axis 10.
  • the projection width of the respective inner surface 9 resulting from the illustration in FIG. 1 is approximately twice as large as the width of the assigned outer surface 8.
  • the baling chamber 2 is profiled.
  • the longitudinal sides of the heating rods 2 integrated into the tube 1 are assigned, which are oriented one above the other, each in parallel.
  • the device has a separating saw 13, which is shown only broken and can be moved in the direction of the double arrow B and perpendicular to the plane of the sheet.
  • the mode of operation of the device according to the invention for producing wood panels in the extrusion process is described below:
  • the plunger 5 When the plunger 5 is raised, the raised position of which is shown in FIG. 1, the mixture 14 located above the tube 1 passes through the filling opening 3 into the pressing chamber 2.
  • the mixture 14 is only shown in the region of the filling opening 3 in which In practice, the mixture 14 completely surrounds the plunger 5, that is to say the plunger 5 passes through the storage space for the mixture 14, which is not shown in detail.
  • the plunger 5 can plunge into the press space 2 in the pressing direction A until the line 15 marked on the side of the plunger 5 forms a plane with the surface 16 of the tube 1.
  • the plunger 5 stuffs the mixture 14 into the press chamber 2.
  • the mixture in the press chamber 1 is compressed in the edge regions 17 adjacent to the heating rods 12.
  • the plunger 5 then becomes in the direction of arrow A 'raised to the end position according to FIG. 1, further mixture 14 sliding through the filling opening 3 into the upper free space of the pressing space 2.
  • the plunger 5 is then lowered again into its lower end position in the direction of the arrow A, the refilled mixture 14 being pressed and the mixture pressed in front of it being pushed further in the direction of the discharge opening 4.
  • Appropriate strokes of the plunger 5 follow with the slipping of the mixture 14, which results in a continuous extrusion of the wooden panels.
  • the heating rods 12 whereby the binding agent and sawdust solidify. After a defined strand length has emerged from the tube 1 through the outlet opening 4, the panel is cut by means of the separating saw 13.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for the extrusion of vegetable particles mixed with binder, having a plunger (5) displaceable in a housing (1) and profiled on its end face, the housing possessing a filling opening (3) for the mixture (14) and the housing interior forming the pressing space (2) for the mixture. To produce, using simple structural means, an extrusion which exhibits a different density profile and thus guarantees a high strength of the new product, it is proposed according to the invention that the pressing space be oriented vertically in its longitudinal extent (10), the plunger be insertable into the filling opening from above and be displaceable in the longitudinal extent of the pressing space, and furthermore that the plunger possess two outer faces (8) oriented perpendicularly to its displacement direction and between these, two inner faces (9) arranged obliquely relative to one another and tapering in the pressing direction (A) of the plunger, and that the housing (1) be at least partially heatable. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Strangpressen von mit Bindemitteln vermischten pflanzlichen Kleinteilen, insbesondere von mit Bindemitteln vermischten Holzspänen, mit einem in einem Gehäuse verschiebbaren, stirnseitig profilierten Preßkolben, wobei das Gehäuse eine Einfüllöffnung für das Gemisch aufweist und das Gehäuseinnere den Preßraum für das Gemisch bildet.The invention relates to a device for the extrusion of small vegetable parts mixed with binders, in particular of wood chips mixed with binders, with a displaceable plunger which is displaceable in a housing, the front profile profiled piston, the housing having a filling opening for the mixture and the housing interior forming the pressing space for the mixture .

Eine derartige Vorrichtung ist aus der DE 33 22 144 C2 bekannt. Bei ihr erfolgt vor dem Strangpressen zunächst eine Vorverdichtung der mit Bindemittel vermischten pflanzlichen Kleinteile. Hierzu ist bei der bekannten Vorrichtung in Art einer horizontal wirkenden Kolbenstrangpresse deren Preßraum von einem hin- und herbeweglichen Schließschieber gegenüber dem darüber befindlichen Einfüllschacht abdeckbar und mit einer quer zur Strangpreßrichtung wirkenden Verdichtungseinrichtung ausgestattet. Diese besteht aus zwei Orientierungsschiebern, wovon der eine Orientierungsschieber entlang des Bodens des Preßraumes und der zweite Orientierungsschieber entlang der Unterseite des Schließschiebers geführt ist, wobei die Orientierungsschieber quer zur Strangpreßrichtung aus einer den Preßraum überdeckenden Stellung in eine den Preßraum freigebenden Stellung beweglich geführt und mit einem in und entgegen der Öffnungsrichtung Bewegungsimpulse erzeugenden Antrieb versehen sind. Aufgrund der beiden Orientierungsschieber besteht die Möglichkeit, Schichten des strangzupressenden Erzeugnisses, insbesondere die Außenschichten, in einer gezielten Spanorientierung herzustellen und damit von der Spanorientierung abhängige technologische Eigenschaften des Stranges herbeizuführen, bevor nach der Vorverdichtung die eigentliche Verdichtungsmaßnahme durch den Strangpreßhub mittels des Strangpreßkolbens erfolgt. Dieser weist auf seiner Stirnfläche einen stufenartigen Vorsprung auf, dessen Höhe etwa der Dicke der zwischen den verdichteten Schichten befindlichen Mittelschicht entspricht, wodurch eine gezielte Profilierung der Stirnbereiche der einzelnen Strangpreßabschnitte herbeigeführt werden kann, die wie eine Nut-Feder-Konstruktion wirken.Such a device is known from DE 33 22 144 C2. It pre-compresses the small vegetable parts mixed with the binder prior to extrusion. For this purpose, in the known device, in the manner of a horizontally acting piston extrusion press, its pressing space can be covered by a reciprocating closing slide with respect to the feed chute located above it and equipped with a compression device acting transversely to the extrusion direction. This consists of two orientation slides, one of which Orientation slide is guided along the bottom of the press chamber and the second orientation slide is guided along the underside of the closing slide, the orientation slide being movably guided transversely to the extrusion direction from a position covering the press chamber into a position releasing the press chamber and provided with a drive which generates movement impulses in and against the opening direction are. Due to the two orientation slides, it is possible to produce layers of the product to be extruded, in particular the outer layers, in a targeted chip orientation and thus to bring about the technological properties of the strand depending on the chip orientation, before the actual compression measure is carried out by the extrusion stroke by means of the extrusion piston after the pre-compression. This has a step-like projection on its end face, the height of which corresponds approximately to the thickness of the middle layer located between the compressed layers, as a result of which a targeted profiling of the end regions of the individual extrusion sections can be brought about, which act like a tongue and groove construction.

Nachteilig ist bei der bekannten Vorrichtung deren komplizierter Aufbau und Wirkungsweise, um einen Strang unterschiedlicher Dichte zu erzeugen. So ist es nicht nur erforderlich, das Gehäuse mehrteilig auszubilden, wobei die Befüllung des Preßraumes senkrecht zur Verschieberichtung des Preßkolbens erfolgt, sondern es ist darüber hinaus auch eine separate Verdichtungseinrichtung zum Vorverdichten des Gemisches erforderlich.A disadvantage of the known device is its complicated structure and mode of operation in order to produce a strand of different density. So it is not only necessary to design the housing in several parts, the filling of the press chamber taking place perpendicular to the direction of displacement of the plunger, but also a separate compression device for pre-compressing the mixture is required.

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Vorrichtung der genannten Art so weiter zu bilden, daß mit einfachen baulichen Mitteln ein Strang mit unterschiedlichem Dichteprofil hergestellt werden kann. Von besonderem Interesse ist dabei die Verarbeitung von Holzspäne, insbesondere zur Herstellung von länglichen Panelen.It is an object of the present invention to develop a device of the type mentioned so that a strand with a different density profile can be produced with simple structural means. Of particular interest is the processing of wood chips, especially for the production of elongated panels.

Gelöst wird die Aufgabe bei einer Vorrichtung der genannten Art dadurch, daß der Preßraum in seiner Längserstreckung senkrecht orientiert ist, der Preßkolben von oben in die Einfüllöffnung einführbar und in Längserstreckung des Preßraumes verschieblich ist, der Preßkolben ferner zwei senkrecht zu seiner Verschieberichtung orientierte äußere Flächen und zwischen diesen zwei zueinander geneigt angeordnete und in Preßrichtung des Preßkolbens spitz zulaufende innere Flächen aufweist, sowie das Gehäuse zumindest teilweise beheizbar ist.The object is achieved in a device of the type mentioned in that the pressing space is oriented vertically in its longitudinal extent, the plunger can be inserted into the filling opening from above and displaceable in the longitudinal extent of the pressing space is, the plunger also has two outer surfaces oriented perpendicular to its direction of displacement and between these two mutually inclined and tapered inner surfaces in the pressing direction of the plunger, and the housing is at least partially heatable.

Aufgrund der senkrechten Orientierung des Preßraumes ergibt sich zunächst ein geringer Platzbedarf der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung am Boden, die damit im wesentlichen in der Höhe orientiert ist. Die senkrechte Anordnung des Preßraumes ermöglicht es darüber hinaus, diesen von oben mit dem Gemisch aus Bindemittel und pflanzlichen Kleinteilen zu beschicken, von oben ist auch der Preßkolben in die Einfüllöffnung einführbar, so daß sich eine Arbeitsrichtung des Preßkolbens von oben nach unten ergibt. Besondere Bedeutung kommt in diesem Zusammenhang der Gestaltung der Preßfläche des Preßkolbens zu, bei dem die beiden zueinander geneigt angeordneten und in Preßrichtung des Preßkolbens spitz zulaufenden inneren Flächen einen erhöhten Mittelbereich bilden. Beim Verschieben des Preßkolbens in dessen Preßrichtung drücken die auf gegenüberliegende Wandungen des Gehäuses zugerichteten inneren Flächen das Gemisch verstärkt gegen die genannten Wandungen, während die angrenzenden äußeren Flächen ausschließlich in Preßrichtung des Preßkolbens auf das Gemisch und damit als Vorschubflächen für das Gemisch wirken. Infolge der inneren Flächen stellt sich im Bereich der genannten Wandungen eine erhöhte Dichte des Gemisches ein, so daß der erzeugte Strang nach dessen Beheizung und damit nach dem Aushärten von Bindemittel und Kleinteilen entsprechend der unterschiedlichen Dichteverteilung eine hohe Biegefestigkeit aufweist und zudem günstige Schallabsorptionseigenschaften.Because of the vertical orientation of the pressing space, the device according to the invention initially takes up little space on the floor, which is thus essentially oriented in height. The vertical arrangement of the baling chamber also makes it possible to load it with the mixture of binder and small vegetable parts from above, and the baling plunger can also be inserted into the filling opening from above, so that a working direction of the baling piston results from top to bottom. Of particular importance in this context is the design of the pressing surface of the plunger, in which the two inner surfaces arranged inclined to one another and tapering in the pressing direction of the plunger form an elevated central region. When moving the plunger in its pressing direction, the inner surfaces facing the opposite walls of the housing press the mixture against the walls, while the adjacent outer surfaces act exclusively in the pressing direction of the plunger on the mixture and thus as feed surfaces for the mixture. As a result of the inner surfaces, an increased density of the mixture occurs in the area of the walls mentioned, so that the strand produced after it has been heated and thus after the binder and small parts have hardened has a high flexural strength in accordance with the different density distribution and also has favorable sound absorption properties.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung arbeitet damit wie eine "Einschicht"-produzierende Stangpresse, erzielt aber aufgrund der besonderen Gestaltung des Preßkolbens ein Gemisch mit einer Dichteverteilung in drei Schichten. Die Gesamtdichte des Gemisches nach dem Pressen kann dabei durch den Kolbenhub variiert werden. Es wird als besonders vorteilhaft angesehen, wenn mit geringem Kolbenhub gearbeitet wird, das heißt jeweils geringe Gemischmengen durch die Einfüllöffnung in den Preßraum eingegeben und anschließend durch Einwirken des Preßkolbens dieses neu zugeführte Gemisch der Preßmaßnahme ausgesetzt wird. Um sicherzustellen, daß das Gemisch beim Durchgang durch das Gehäuse infolge der Verdichtungsmaßnahme zum jeweiligen Rand des Gehäuses rutschen kann, wird vorgeschlagen, ein öliges Bindemittel, insbesondere Diisozynat zu verwenden.The device according to the invention thus works like a "single-layer" rod extruder, but achieves a mixture with a density distribution in three layers due to the special design of the plunger. The total density of the mixture after pressing can be varied by the piston stroke. It is considered particularly advantageous when working with a small piston stroke, that is to say in each case small amounts of mixture are introduced through the filling opening into the press chamber and then this newly supplied mixture is exposed to the pressing measure by the action of the press piston. In order to ensure that the mixture can slip to the respective edge of the housing as it passes through the housing as a result of the compression measure, it is proposed to use an oily binder, in particular diisocyanate.

Grundsätzlich kann die Querschnittsform des Preßkolbens entsprechend der Querschnittsform der unterschiedlichsten Strangpreßprodukte gestaltet sein. Bei Produkten mit länglichem Strangpreßquerschnitt sollten die inneren Fläche zu den Längsseiten geneigt sein, um so insbesondere die Biegefestigkeit des stranggepreßten Produktes durch die Verdichtung des Gemisches in den den Längsseiten zugeordneten Randbereichen zu erhöhen. Solches ist beispielsweise bei der Herstellung von Holzpanelen aus Holzspänen der Fall, die auch das bevorzugte Anwendungsgebiet der Erfindung darstellen. Aufgrund der erfindungsgemäßen Verdichtung sind die Panele im Bereich deren Oberflächen durch die Preßhaut relativ geschlossen und eignen sich zur Beschichtung in erster Linie mit Furnieren und geeigneten Folien.In principle, the cross-sectional shape of the plunger can be designed in accordance with the cross-sectional shape of a wide variety of extruded products. In the case of products with an elongated extrusion cross section, the inner surface should be inclined to the long sides, in particular to increase the bending strength of the extruded product by compressing the mixture in the edge areas assigned to the long sides. This is the case, for example, in the production of wood panels from wood chips, which are also the preferred field of application of the invention. Because of the compression according to the invention, the panels are relatively closed in the area of their surfaces by the press skin and are primarily suitable for coating with veneers and suitable foils.

Gemäß einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß der Preßkolben senkrecht zu dessen Verschieberichtung einen im wesentlichen rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweist und auf der jeweiligen seiner beiden gegenüberliegenden Schmalseiten mit einer in Verschieberichtung des Preßkolbens verlaufenden, in der Mitte der Schmalseiten angeordneten Nut versehen ist. Mit einem derartig gestalteten Preßkolben lassen sich bei einem entsprechend komplementär gestalteten Querschnitt des Gehäuses rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweisende Panelen mit seitlichen Nuten herstellen. Bei einer solchen Ausgestaltung des Preßkolbens wird es als vorteilhaft angesehen, wenn die spitz zulaufenden inneren Flächen des Preßkolbens mit der durch die äußeren Flächen gebildeten Ebene das Profil eines gleichschenkligen Dreiecks bilden. In Abhängigkeit von dem gewünschten Dichteverlauf und der Grenzdichte im Randbereich des Preßteiles sowie dem Rutschverhalten der Kleinteile in Verbindung mit dem Bindemittel ist der Winkel zwischen den inneren Flächen des Preßkolbens zu optimieren, dieser liegt zweckmäßig zwischen 70 und 110°, vorteilhaft zwischen 80 und 100°, insbesondere beträgt er 90°. Die Anordnung der inneren Flächen des Preßkolbens und die von den inneren Flächen eingeschlossenen Winkel sind nicht auf die beschriebene Gestaltung des Preßkolbens zum Pressen von Panelen beschränkt, sondern es ist grundsätzlich anzustreben, den spitz zulaufenden Bereich des Preßkolbens zentral anzuordnen und die inneren Flächen des Preßkolbens im genannten Winkelbereich zueinander zu orientieren. Die Projektionsbreite der jeweiligen inneren Fläche sollte zweckmäßig größer sein als die Breite der zugeordneten äußeren Fläche, da den inneren Flächen primär die Aufgabe zukommt, das Gemisch auf die zugeordneten Gehäusewandungen zu drücken, während die äußeren Flächen ausschließlich die Vorschubkraft in das Gemisch einleiten.According to a particular embodiment of the invention it is provided that the plunger has an essentially rectangular cross section perpendicular to its direction of displacement and is provided on the respective two opposite narrow sides thereof with a groove running in the direction of displacement of the plunger and arranged in the middle of the narrow sides. With a press plunger designed in this way, panels with lateral grooves can be produced with a correspondingly complementary cross section of the housing. In such a configuration of the plunger, it is considered advantageous if the tapered inner surfaces of the plunger form the profile of an isosceles triangle with the plane formed by the outer surfaces. Depending on the desired The density profile and the limit density in the edge area of the pressed part as well as the slipping behavior of the small parts in connection with the binder, the angle between the inner surfaces of the press piston must be optimized, this is expediently between 70 and 110 °, advantageously between 80 and 100 °, in particular it is 90 °. The arrangement of the inner surfaces of the plunger and the angles enclosed by the inner surfaces are not limited to the described design of the plunger for pressing panels, but it is fundamentally desirable to arrange the tapering region of the plunger centrally and the inner surfaces of the plunger in to orientate the angular range mentioned. The projection width of the respective inner surface should expediently be greater than the width of the assigned outer surface, since the primary task of the inner surfaces is to press the mixture onto the assigned housing walls, while the outer surfaces only introduce the feed force into the mixture.

Das beheizbare Gehäuse ist zweckmäßig einteilig ausgebildet, insbesondere in Art eines Rohres mit einem dem Querschnitt des Preßkolbens angepaßten Durchtrittsquerschnitt. Die Rohrwandung ist direkt oder indirekt beheizbar, mittels des Preßkolbens, insbesondere der geneigten inneren Flächen erfolgt die Verpressung gegen die heiße Wandung. Sind flache, breite Produkte zu pressen, kann es ausreichend sein, die Rohrwandung ausschließlich im Bereich der Hauptflächen des Produktes zu erhitzen.The heatable housing is expediently formed in one piece, in particular in the manner of a tube with a passage cross section adapted to the cross section of the plunger. The tube wall can be heated directly or indirectly, by means of the plunger, in particular the inclined inner surfaces, the pressing takes place against the hot wall. If flat, wide products are to be pressed, it may be sufficient to heat the pipe wall only in the area of the main surfaces of the product.

Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung sind in der Beschreibung der Figuren und in den Unteransprüchen dargestellt, wobei bemerkt wird, daß alle Einzelmerkmale und alle Kombinationen von Einzelmerkmalen erfindungswesentlich sind.Further features of the invention are shown in the description of the figures and in the subclaims, it being noted that all individual features and all combinations of individual features are essential to the invention.

In den Figuren ist die Erfindung vereinfacht anhand einer Ausführungsform beispielsweise dargestellt, ohne auf diese beschränkt zu sein. Es stellt dar:

Figur 1
einen Vertikalschnitt durch die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung bei aus dem Preßraum herausbewegtem Preßkolben und
Figur 2
eine Unteransicht des Preßkolbens.
In the figures, the invention is shown in simplified form using an embodiment, for example, without being limited to this. It shows:
Figure 1
a vertical section through the invention Device with the plunger moved out of the baling chamber and
Figure 2
a bottom view of the plunger.

Wie der Darstellung der Figur 1 zu entnehmen ist, umschließt ein in seiner Längserstreckung unterbrochen und nur in seinem zentralen Bereich dargestelltes Rohr 1 einen Preßraum 2, der in seiner Längserstreckung senkrecht orientiert ist. Oben weist der Preßraum 2 eine Einfüllöffnung 3 auf, unten ist er mit einer Ausgabeöffnung 4 versehen. Ein in seiner Längserstreckung unterbrochen gezeigter Preßkolben 5 ist von oben in die Einfüllöffnung 3 einführbar und in Längserstreckung des Preßraumes 2 verschieblich. Mit A ist die Einführrichtung des Preßkolbens 5 in den Preßraum 2 bezeichnet, mit A' die entgegengesetzte Bewegung des Preßkolbens 5 aus dem Preßraum 2.As can be seen from the illustration in FIG. 1, a tube 1, which is interrupted in its longitudinal extent and only shown in its central region, encloses a pressing chamber 2 which is oriented vertically in its longitudinal extent. The press chamber 2 has a filling opening 3 at the top and an outlet opening 4 at the bottom. A plunger 5, shown interrupted in its longitudinal extent, can be inserted into the filling opening 3 from above and can be displaced in the longitudinal direction of the pressing space 2. With A the direction of insertion of the plunger 5 into the press chamber 2 is designated, with A 'the opposite movement of the plunger 5 from the press chamber 2nd

Wie der Darstellung der Figur 2 zu entnehmen ist, weist der Preßkolben 5 senkrecht zu dessen Verschieberichtung A bzw. A' einen im wesentlichen rechteckigen Querschnitt auf. Auch in dieser Figur ist der Preßkolben in seiner Erstreckung senkrecht zur Zeichenebene gemäß Figur 1 unterbrochen dargestellt, um anzudeuten, daß er ein schmales, längliches Profil aufweist. Der Preßkolben 5 ist auf der jeweiligen seiner beiden gegenüberliegenden Schmalseiten 6 mit einer in Verschieberichtung A bzw. A' des Preßkolbens 5 verlaufenden, in der Mitte der Schmalseite 6 angeordneten Nut 7 versehen. Die Projektion gemäß Figur 2 zeigt die Querschnittsform des mittels der Vorrichtung erzeugten Panel-Produktes.As can be seen from the illustration in FIG. 2, the plunger 5 has an essentially rectangular cross section perpendicular to its direction of displacement A or A '. In this figure, too, the plunger is shown interrupted in its extension perpendicular to the plane of the drawing according to FIG. 1 to indicate that it has a narrow, elongated profile. The plunger 5 is provided on the respective one of its two opposite narrow sides 6 with a groove 7 running in the displacement direction A and A 'of the plunger 5 and arranged in the middle of the narrow side 6. The projection according to FIG. 2 shows the cross-sectional shape of the panel product generated by the device.

Die Figuren 1 und 2 verdeutlichen die Gestaltung des Preßkolbens 5 im Bereich dessen Preßfläche im Detail. So besitzt der Preßkolben 5 zwei senkrecht zu seiner Verschieberichtung A bzw. A' orientierte äußere Flächen 8 und zwischen diesen zwei zueinander geneigt angeordnete und in Preßrichtung A des Preßkolbens 5 spitz zulaufende innere Flächen 9. Die inneren Flächen 9 bilden mit der durch die äußeren Flächen 8 gebildeten Ebene das Profil eines gleichschenkligen Dreiecks mit einem rechten Winkel zwischen den beiden inneren Flächen 9. Die Preßfläche 8, 9 des Preßkolbens 5 ist bezüglich deren Längserstreckung, verdeutlicht durch die Achse 10 symmetrisch ausgebildet. Die sich aus der Darstellung der Figur 1 ergebende Projektionsbreite der jeweiligen inneren Fläche 9 ist etwa doppelt so groß wie die Breite der zugeordneten äußeren Fläche 8.Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the design of the plunger 5 in the area of the pressing surface in detail. Thus, the plunger 5 has two outer surfaces 8 oriented perpendicularly to its direction of displacement A and A 'and between them two inner surfaces 9 arranged inclined to one another and tapering in the pressing direction A of the plunger 5. The inner surfaces 9 form with the through the outer surfaces 8 level formed the profile of an isosceles triangle with a right angle between the two inner surfaces 9. The pressing surface 8, 9 of the plunger 5 is symmetrical with respect to its longitudinal extent, illustrated by the axis 10. The projection width of the respective inner surface 9 resulting from the illustration in FIG. 1 is approximately twice as large as the width of the assigned outer surface 8.

Entsprechend der aus der Darstellung der Figur 2 ersichtlichen Außenkontur des Preßkolbens 5 ist der Preßraum 2 profiliert. Auf den Querschnitt des Preßraumes 2 bezogen sind dessen Längsseiten in das Rohr 1 integrierte Heizstäbe 2 zugeordnet, die übereinander, jeweils parallel orientiert sind. Im Bereich der Ausgabeöffnung 4 weist die Vorrichtung eine nur gebrochen gezeigte Trennsäge 13 auf, die in Richtung des Doppelpfeiles B sowie senkrecht zur Blattebene bewegbar ist.Corresponding to the outer contour of the plunger 5 shown in the illustration in FIG. 2, the baling chamber 2 is profiled. In relation to the cross section of the pressing chamber 2, the longitudinal sides of the heating rods 2 integrated into the tube 1 are assigned, which are oriented one above the other, each in parallel. In the area of the discharge opening 4, the device has a separating saw 13, which is shown only broken and can be moved in the direction of the double arrow B and perpendicular to the plane of the sheet.

Nachfolgend sei die Funktionsweise der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Holzpanelen im Strangpreßverfahren beschrieben:
Bei angehobenem Preßkolben 5, dessen angehobene Stellung in Figur 1 gezeigt ist, gelangt das oberhalb des Rohres 1 befindliche Gemisch 14 durch die Einfüllöffnung 3 in den Preßraum 2. Aus zeichnerischen Gründen ist dabei das Gemisch 14 nur im Bereich der Einfüllöffnung 3 dargestellt, in der Praxis umgibt das Gemisch 14 den Preßkolben 5 vollständig, das heißt der Preßkolben 5 durchsetzt den nicht näher gezeigten Vorratsraum für das Gemisch 14. Der Preßkolben 5 kann so weit in Preßrichtung A in den Preßraum 2 eintauchen, bis die seitlich des Preßkolbens 5 markierte Linie 15 eine Ebene mit der Oberfläche 16 des Rohres 1 bildet. Beim Niedergehen des Preßkolbens 5 stopft dieser das Gemisch 14 in den Preßraum 2. Aufgrund der profilierten Ausbildung der Preßfläche des Preßkolbens 5 erfolgt eine Verdichtung des im Preßraum 1 befindlichen Gemisches in dessen den Heizstäben 12 benachbarten Randbereichen 17. Es wird dann der Preßkolben 5 in Richtung des Pfeiles A' in die Endstellung gemäß Figur 1 angehoben, wobei weiteres Gemisch 14 durch die Einfüllöffnung 3 in den oberen Freiraum des Preßraumes 2 nachrutscht. Der Preßkolben 5 wird dann in Pfeilrichtung A wieder in seine untere Endstellung abgesenkt, wobei das nachgefüllte Gemisch 14 verpreßt und das davor verpreßte Gemisch weiter in Richtung der Ausgabeöffnung 4 vorgeschoben wird. Es schließen sich entsprechende Hübe des Preßkolbens 5 mit dem Nachrutschen des Gemisches 14 an, dabei ergibt sich ein kontinuierliches Strangpressen der Holzpanele. Während des Durchganges des verpreßten Gemisches 14 wird dieses mittels der Heizstäbe 12 erwärmt, womit sich Bindemittel und Sägespäne verfestigen. Nachdem eine definierte Stranglänge unten durch die Ausgabeöffnung 4 aus dem Rohr 1 ausgetreten ist, wird die Panele mittels der Trennsäge 13 durchtrennt.The mode of operation of the device according to the invention for producing wood panels in the extrusion process is described below:
When the plunger 5 is raised, the raised position of which is shown in FIG. 1, the mixture 14 located above the tube 1 passes through the filling opening 3 into the pressing chamber 2. For illustrative reasons, the mixture 14 is only shown in the region of the filling opening 3 in which In practice, the mixture 14 completely surrounds the plunger 5, that is to say the plunger 5 passes through the storage space for the mixture 14, which is not shown in detail. The plunger 5 can plunge into the press space 2 in the pressing direction A until the line 15 marked on the side of the plunger 5 forms a plane with the surface 16 of the tube 1. When the plunger 5 comes down, the plunger 5 stuffs the mixture 14 into the press chamber 2. Due to the profiled design of the press surface of the plunger 5, the mixture in the press chamber 1 is compressed in the edge regions 17 adjacent to the heating rods 12. The plunger 5 then becomes in the direction of arrow A 'raised to the end position according to FIG. 1, further mixture 14 sliding through the filling opening 3 into the upper free space of the pressing space 2. The The plunger 5 is then lowered again into its lower end position in the direction of the arrow A, the refilled mixture 14 being pressed and the mixture pressed in front of it being pushed further in the direction of the discharge opening 4. Appropriate strokes of the plunger 5 follow with the slipping of the mixture 14, which results in a continuous extrusion of the wooden panels. During the passage of the compressed mixture 14, it is heated by means of the heating rods 12, whereby the binding agent and sawdust solidify. After a defined strand length has emerged from the tube 1 through the outlet opening 4, the panel is cut by means of the separating saw 13.

BezugszeichenlisteReference symbol list

11
Rohrpipe
22nd
PreßraumPress room
33rd
EinfüllöffnungFilling opening
44th
AusgabeöffnungDispensing opening
55
PreßkolbenRam
66
SchmalseiteNarrow side
77
NutGroove
88th
äußere Flächeouter surface
99
innere Flächeinner surface
1010th
Achseaxis
1111
LängsseiteLong side
1212
HeizstabHeating element
1313
TrennsägeCutting saw
1414
Gemischmixture
1515
Linieline
1616
Oberflächesurface
1717th
RandbereichEdge area

Claims (9)

Vorrichtung zum Strangpressen von mit Bindemitteln vermischten pflanzlichen Kleinteilen, insbesondere von mit Bindemitteln vermischten Holzspänen, mit einem in einem Gehäuse verschiebbaren, stirnseitig profilierten Preßkolben, wobei das Gehäuse eine Einfüllöffnung für das Gemisch aufweist und das Gehäuseinnere den Preßraum für das Gemisch bildet, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Merkmale: - der Preßraum (2) ist in seiner Längserstreckung (10) senkrecht orientiert, - der Preßkolben (5) ist von oben in die Einfüllöffnung (3) einführbar und in Längserstreckung (10) des Preßraumes (2) verschieblich, - der Preßkolben (5) weist zwei senkrecht zu seiner Verschieberichtung (A, A') orientierte äußere Flächen (8) und zwischen diesen zwei zueinander geneigt angeordnete und in Preßrichtung (A) des Preßkolbens (5) spitz zulaufende innere Flächen (9) auf, - das Gehäuse (1) ist zumindest teilweise beheizbar. Device for extruding small vegetable parts mixed with binders, in particular wood chips mixed with binders, with a plunger which can be displaced in a housing and profiled on the end face, the housing having a filling opening for the mixture and the housing interior forming the pressing space for the mixture, characterized by the following Characteristics: - The pressing space (2) is oriented vertically in its longitudinal extent (10), - The plunger (5) can be inserted from above into the filling opening (3) and is displaceable in the longitudinal extent (10) of the pressing chamber (2), - The plunger (5) has two perpendicular to its displacement direction (A, A ') oriented outer surfaces (8) and between them two inclined to each other and in the pressing direction (A) of the plunger (5) tapering inner surfaces (9) , - The housing (1) is at least partially heatable. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Preßkolben (5) senkrecht zu dessen Verschieberichtung (A, A') einen im wesentlichen rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweist.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the plunger (5) has an essentially rectangular cross section perpendicular to its direction of displacement (A, A '). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Preßkolben (5) auf der jeweiligen seiner beiden gegenüberliegenden Schmalseiten (6) mit einer in Verschieberichtung (A, A') des Preßkolbens (5) verlaufenden, in der Mitte der Schmalseite (6) angeordneten Nut (7) versehen ist.Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the plunger (5) is arranged on the respective one of its two opposite narrow sides (6) with one in the middle of the narrow side (6) running in the direction of displacement (A, A ') of the plunger (5) Groove (7) is provided. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die spitz zulaufenden inneren Flächen (9) des Preßkolbens (5) mit der durch die äußeren Flächen (8) gebildeten Ebene das Profil eines gleichschenkligen Dreiecks bilden.Device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the tapering inner surfaces (9) of the plunger (5) form the profile of an isosceles triangle with the plane formed by the outer surfaces (8). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die inneren Flächen (9) des Preßkolbens (5) einen Winkel von 70 bis 110°, vorteilhaft 80 bis 100°, insbesondere 90° miteinander einschließen.Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the inner surfaces (9) of the plunger (5) enclose an angle of 70 to 110 °, advantageously 80 to 100 °, in particular 90 °. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichznet, daß die Projektionsbreite der jeweiligen inneren Fläche (9) größer ist als die Breite der zugeordneten äußeren Fläche (8).Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the projection width of the respective inner surface (9) is greater than the width of the associated outer surface (8). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Preßfläche des Preßkolbens (5) bezüglich deren Längserstreckung symmetrisch ausgebildet ist.Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the pressing surface of the pressing piston (5) is symmetrical with respect to its longitudinal extent. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuse (1) einteilig ausgebildet ist.Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the housing (1) is formed in one piece. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß gegenüberliegende Bereiche des Gehäuse (1) beheizbar sind.Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that opposite areas of the housing (1) can be heated.
EP19910108596 1990-06-06 1991-05-27 Device for the extrusion of vegetable particles mixed with binder Withdrawn EP0461455A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE4018102A DE4018102A1 (en) 1990-06-06 1990-06-06 DEVICE FOR EXTRUDING PLANT SMALL PARTS MIXED WITH BINDERS
DE4018102 1990-06-06

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EP0461455A2 true EP0461455A2 (en) 1991-12-18
EP0461455A3 EP0461455A3 (en) 1992-09-16

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EP0664191A4 (en) * 1993-06-23 1995-10-17 Georgy Yakovlevich Gibul Process for manufacturing building panels or other articles from plant matter and a production line for carrying out the said process.

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH302234A (en) * 1952-09-20 1954-10-15 Clerc Ernest Process for manufacturing an agglomerated wood panel, machine for implementing this process and panel obtained by this process.
DE1198545B (en) * 1953-01-19 1965-08-12 Otto Kreibaum Press for making chipboard
FR1533264A (en) * 1966-05-21 1968-07-19 Chip plate manufactured by means of an extruder, with method and device for the manufacture of such a plate
US4436526A (en) * 1982-06-25 1984-03-13 Hmvh Corporation Method for making an artificial fuel log
DE3322144A1 (en) * 1983-06-20 1984-12-20 Heggenstaller, Anton, 8892 Kühbach Process and device for extruding vegetable fragments, in particular wood fragments, mixed with binders

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1042222B (en) * 1955-12-01 1958-10-30 Draiswerke Ges Mit Beschraenkt Extrusion press for the continuous production of plate bands, solid and hollow profiles made of chip or fiber-containing materials, e.g. B. with preferably hardenable binders added artificial or waste wood chips
DE1528290A1 (en) * 1966-03-16 1970-07-16 Triangel Spanplattenwerke Der Extruded molding, or Chipboard or the like.

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH302234A (en) * 1952-09-20 1954-10-15 Clerc Ernest Process for manufacturing an agglomerated wood panel, machine for implementing this process and panel obtained by this process.
DE1198545B (en) * 1953-01-19 1965-08-12 Otto Kreibaum Press for making chipboard
FR1533264A (en) * 1966-05-21 1968-07-19 Chip plate manufactured by means of an extruder, with method and device for the manufacture of such a plate
US4436526A (en) * 1982-06-25 1984-03-13 Hmvh Corporation Method for making an artificial fuel log
DE3322144A1 (en) * 1983-06-20 1984-12-20 Heggenstaller, Anton, 8892 Kühbach Process and device for extruding vegetable fragments, in particular wood fragments, mixed with binders

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EP0461455A3 (en) 1992-09-16

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