EP0461418A1 - Apparatus to start an exhaust gas sensor heater - Google Patents

Apparatus to start an exhaust gas sensor heater Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0461418A1
EP0461418A1 EP19910108079 EP91108079A EP0461418A1 EP 0461418 A1 EP0461418 A1 EP 0461418A1 EP 19910108079 EP19910108079 EP 19910108079 EP 91108079 A EP91108079 A EP 91108079A EP 0461418 A1 EP0461418 A1 EP 0461418A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
heating
switch
combustion engine
internal combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP19910108079
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Guenther Dipl.-Ing. Plapp
Nikolaus Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Benninger
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP0461418A1 publication Critical patent/EP0461418A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1493—Details
    • F02D41/1494—Control of sensor heater

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a method and a device for controlling the heating of an exhaust gas probe in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine.
  • the mixture control of an internal combustion engine which is necessary with regard to optimizing consumption, minimizing exhaust gas and protecting the catalytic converter, is only possible for technical and physical reasons if the exhaust gas probe is sufficiently warm. This is e.g. known from DE-PS 28 05 805. For this reason, the mixture control in the warm-up phase is usually replaced by a mixture control.
  • DE-PS 27 31 541 proposes an exhaust gas probe heater which is controlled as a function of the load state of the internal combustion engine.
  • An alternative to this is disclosed in DE-OS 26 04 160, in which an exhaust gas probe heating control is described as a function of the function signal of the exhaust probe.
  • a common disadvantage of the known solutions is that the exhaust gas probe is not yet ready for operation when the internal combustion engine is started.
  • the invention has for its object to shorten the time span between the start of the internal combustion engine and the operational readiness of the exhaust gas probe.
  • the advance timing of the mixture control brings advantages in terms of consumption optimization, emission reduction and catalyst life.
  • FIG. 1 shows a functional diagram of a control circuit for mixture control of an internal combustion engine which is expanded by an exhaust gas probe heating
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show the execution of the heating and start functional blocks according to the invention.
  • the same numbers in different figures denote the same components.
  • FIG. 1 shows an internal combustion engine 10 with an intake pipe 11 and an exhaust pipe 12.
  • a fuel metering device 13 is accommodated in the intake pipe.
  • the exhaust pipe contains an exhaust gas probe 14 which is provided with a heating device 15.
  • the element marked 16 represents a mixture control device.
  • this mixture control device In addition to an output at which a signal for the fuel metering device is present and an input for the signal of the exhaust gas probe, this mixture control device also has further inputs for speed n, temperature T and load-dependent parameters such as air flow rate Q. or throttle angle ⁇ .
  • Another input of the mixture control device is connected to an output 17 of a starting block 18. This block can be acted upon via an input 19 by the ignition switch 20 and via an input 21 by a further switch 22 specified by the invention.
  • a second exit 23 of the starting block is located on an input 24 of a heating block 25.
  • this block can also be equipped with further inputs for speed, exhaust gas temperature, exhaust gas temperature, internal combustion engine temperature, air flow rate and throttle valve angle.
  • the components 16 and 25 are separated in the drawing only for the sake of clarity and can be structurally combined to form a unit.
  • FIG. 1 corresponds to the prior art.
  • the internal combustion engine is supplied with a combustible fuel-air mixture by means of the fuel metering device located in the intake pipe.
  • the residual oxygen content of the exhaust gas generated during combustion is detected by the exhaust gas probe and fed to the mixture control device.
  • this control device determines the fuel metering for the next working cycles.
  • the regulation is usually replaced by a mixture control.
  • the heater 15 is controlled by the heater block 25 to maintain the operating temperature of the exhaust gas probe under changing operating conditions.
  • the structure of the heating block is shown in FIG.
  • the connection 24 of this block like the connections for the operating parameters speed, etc., is located on corresponding inputs of the heating control device 34.
  • the output of this device is connected to the output 28 of the heating block via a signal box 26 and a variable resistor 27.
  • the dashed connection between the heating control device 34 and the output 28 with a block 29 represents an alternative to the components 26 and 27 for another embodiment of the heating, which provides heating power control via a variable duty cycle.
  • a control signal is generated in the heating control device which determines the power in the circuit of the heating device for the exhaust gas probe before and during operation of the internal combustion engine.
  • the latter may be necessary if, for example, the energy of the exhaust gases is not sufficient to keep the exhaust gas probe at operating temperature.
  • FIG. 3 shows the execution of the starting block according to the invention.
  • a positive terminal 30 is connected to two switches 31 and 32.
  • the switch 31, which is located on the input 19 of the starting block, is actuated by the ignition switch 20. Depending on the switch position, it opens or closes the connection between the positive pole and output 17 of the starting block.
  • the switch 32 is located on the input 21 of the starting block and is operated by the switch 22. In the closed state, this switch connects the positive pole to the output 23 of the starting block via a timing element 33. Between the outputs 17 and 23 there is a blocking diode 35, the installation position of which allows a current flow from 17 to 23, while the reverse direction is blocked.
  • the heating device of the exhaust gas probe is switched on by the execution of the starting block according to the invention by a process that is prior to the start of the internal combustion engine. This is done by actuating the switch 22, which can be designed, for example, as a door lock contact and which is closed when the vehicle is unlocked.
  • the duration of the heating pulse switched on in this way is limited by a timer 33 designed, for example, as a monostable multivibrator, which interrupts the power supply to the heating device after a suitable period of time.
  • a timer 33 designed, for example, as a monostable multivibrator, which interrupts the power supply to the heating device after a suitable period of time.
  • this power supply is maintained via the ignition circuit and the blocking diode that does not block in this direction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Measuring Oxygen Concentration In Cells (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Fluid Adsorption Or Reactions (AREA)

Abstract

An apparatus is described for advancing the operating point for the mixture control when starting an internal combustion engine. This advance is made possible in that the exhaust gas probe heating is switched on before starting the internal combustion engine. For triggering the necessary control signal, use is made of processes which occur in any case when using a vehicle, such as opening doors, for example. Unnecessary heating of the exhaust gas probe is precluded by a time limit for the heating pulse. …<IMAGE>…

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht von einem Verfahren und einer Einrichtung zur Steuerung der Heizung einer Abgassonde im Abgas einer Brennkraftmaschine aus. Die im Hinblick auf Verbrauchsoptimierung, Abgasminimierung und Katalysatorschutz notwendige Gemischregelung einer Brennkraftmaschine ist aus technisch-physikalischen Gründen nur bei hinreichend warmer Abgassonde möglich. Dies ist z.B. aus der DE-PS 28 05 805 bekannt. Aus diesem Grund wird die Gemischregelung in der Warmlaufphase üblicherweise durch eine Gemischsteuerung ersetzt.The invention is based on a method and a device for controlling the heating of an exhaust gas probe in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine. The mixture control of an internal combustion engine, which is necessary with regard to optimizing consumption, minimizing exhaust gas and protecting the catalytic converter, is only possible for technical and physical reasons if the exhaust gas probe is sufficiently warm. This is e.g. known from DE-PS 28 05 805. For this reason, the mixture control in the warm-up phase is usually replaced by a mixture control.

Für das schnelle Erreichen der Betriebsbereitschaft der Abgassonde nach dem Start sowie zur Aufrechterhaltung der Betriebsbereitschaft unter allen Betriebsbedingungen wird in der DE-PS 27 31 541 eine Abgassondenheizung vorgeschlagen, die in Abhängigkeit vom Lastzustand der Brennkraftmaschine gesteuert wird. Eine Alternative dazu wird in der DE-OS 26 04 160 offenbart, in der eine Abgassondenheizungssteuerung in Abhängigkeit vom Funktionssignal der Abgassonde beschrieben wird. Ein gemeinsamer Nachteil der bekannten Lösungen liegt darin, daß die Abgassonde beim Start der Brennkraftmaschine noch nicht betriebsbereit ist.To quickly reach the operational readiness of the exhaust gas probe after starting and to maintain operational readiness under all operating conditions, DE-PS 27 31 541 proposes an exhaust gas probe heater which is controlled as a function of the load state of the internal combustion engine. An alternative to this is disclosed in DE-OS 26 04 160, in which an exhaust gas probe heating control is described as a function of the function signal of the exhaust probe. A common disadvantage of the known solutions is that the exhaust gas probe is not yet ready for operation when the internal combustion engine is started.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Zeitspanne zwischen dem Start der Brennkraftmaschine und der Betriebsbereitschaft der Abgassonde zu verkürzen. Der dadurch vorverlegte Einsatzzeitpunkt der Gemischregelung bringt Vorteile bzgl. Verbrauchsoptimierung, Emmissionsminderung und Katalysatorlebensdauer mit sich.The invention has for its object to shorten the time span between the start of the internal combustion engine and the operational readiness of the exhaust gas probe. The advance timing of the mixture control brings advantages in terms of consumption optimization, emission reduction and catalyst life.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung zum Einschalten der Abgassondenheizung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt Figur 1 ein Funktionsschaubild eines durch eine Abgassondenheizung erweiterten Regelkreises zur Gemischregelung einer Brennkraftmaschine, während in den Figuren 2 und 3 die erfindungsgemäße Ausführung der Funktionsblöcke Heizung und Start dargestellt ist. Dabei bezeichnen gleiche Zahlen in verschiedenen Figuren die gleichen Komponenten.An embodiment of the device according to the invention for switching on the exhaust gas probe heater is shown in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description. 1 shows a functional diagram of a control circuit for mixture control of an internal combustion engine which is expanded by an exhaust gas probe heating, while FIGS. 2 and 3 show the execution of the heating and start functional blocks according to the invention. The same numbers in different figures denote the same components.

Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment

Figur 1 zeigt eine Brennkraftmaschine 10 mit einem Ansaugrohr 11 und einem Abgasrohr 12. In dem Ansaugrohr ist eine Kraftstoffzumeßeinrichtung 13 untergebracht. Das Abgasrohr enthält eine Abgassonde 14, die mit einer Heizvorrichtung 15 versehen ist. Das mit 16 gekennzeichnete Element stellt ein Gemischsteuergerät dar. Neben einem Ausgang, an dem ein Signal für die Kraftstoffzumeßeinrichtung anliegt, und einem Eingang für das Signal der Abgassonde verfügt dieses Gemischsteuergerät noch über weitere Eingänge für Drehzahl n, Temperatur T und lastabhängige Parameter wie Luftdurchsatz Q oder Drosselklappenwinkel α. Ein weiterer Eingang des Gemischsteuergeräts ist mit einem Ausgang 17 eines Startblocks 18 verbunden. Auf diesen Block kann über einen Eingang 19 durch den Zündschalter 20 sowie über einen Eingang 21 durch einen weiteren, durch die Erfindung spezifizierten Schalter 22 eingewirkt werden. Ein zweiter Ausgang 23 des Startblocks liegt auf einem Eingang 24 eines Heizungsblocks 25. Neben einem Ausgang 28 für die Heizvorrichtung 15 der Abgassonde 14 kann dieser Block noch mit weiteren Eingängen für Drehzahl, Abgastemperatur, Abgassondentemperatur, Brennkraftmaschinentemperatur, Luftdurchsatz und Drosselklappenwinkel ausgestattet sein. Die Komponenten 16 und 25 sind in der Zeichnung nur aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit getrennt und können baulich zu einer Einheit zusammemgefaßt werden.FIG. 1 shows an internal combustion engine 10 with an intake pipe 11 and an exhaust pipe 12. A fuel metering device 13 is accommodated in the intake pipe. The exhaust pipe contains an exhaust gas probe 14 which is provided with a heating device 15. The element marked 16 represents a mixture control device. In addition to an output at which a signal for the fuel metering device is present and an input for the signal of the exhaust gas probe, this mixture control device also has further inputs for speed n, temperature T and load-dependent parameters such as air flow rate Q. or throttle angle α. Another input of the mixture control device is connected to an output 17 of a starting block 18. This block can be acted upon via an input 19 by the ignition switch 20 and via an input 21 by a further switch 22 specified by the invention. A second exit 23 of the starting block is located on an input 24 of a heating block 25. In addition to an output 28 for the heating device 15 of the exhaust gas probe 14, this block can also be equipped with further inputs for speed, exhaust gas temperature, exhaust gas temperature, internal combustion engine temperature, air flow rate and throttle valve angle. The components 16 and 25 are separated in the drawing only for the sake of clarity and can be structurally combined to form a unit.

Bis auf die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung des Startblocks entspricht das in Figur 1 dargestellte Funktionsschema dem Stand der Technik. Die Brennkraftmaschine wird mit Hilfe der im Ansaugrohr befindlichen Kraftstoffzumeßeinrichtung mit einem brennbaren Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisch versorgt. Der Restsauerstoffgehalt des bei der Verbrennung entstehenden Abgases wird durch die Abgassonde erfaßt und dem Gemischregelgerät zugeführt. Dieses Regelgerät bestimmt in Abhängigkeit von seinen Eingangsgrößen die Kraftstoffzumessung für die nächsten Arbeitszyklen. In der Zeitspanne, die nach dem Start der Brennkraftmaschine bis zur Sondenbetriebsbereitschaft vergeht, wird die Regelung üblicherweise durch eine Gemischsteuerung ersetzt. Die Heizvorrichtung 15 wird vom Heizungsblock 25 gesteuert, um die Betriebstemperatur der Abgassonde bei wechselnden Betriebszuständen aufrechtzuerhalten.Except for the configuration of the starting block according to the invention, the functional diagram shown in FIG. 1 corresponds to the prior art. The internal combustion engine is supplied with a combustible fuel-air mixture by means of the fuel metering device located in the intake pipe. The residual oxygen content of the exhaust gas generated during combustion is detected by the exhaust gas probe and fed to the mixture control device. Depending on its input variables, this control device determines the fuel metering for the next working cycles. In the period of time which elapses from the start of the internal combustion engine until the sensor is ready for operation, the regulation is usually replaced by a mixture control. The heater 15 is controlled by the heater block 25 to maintain the operating temperature of the exhaust gas probe under changing operating conditions.

In Figur 2 ist der Aufbau des Heizungsblocks dargestellt. Der Anschluß 24 dieses Blocks liegt wie die Anschlüsse für die Betriebsparameter Drehzahl usw. auf entsprechenden Eingängen des Heizungssteuergeräts 34. Der Ausgang dieses Geräts ist über ein Stellwerk 26 und einen regelbaren Widerstand 27 mit dem Ausgang 28 des Heizungsblocks verbunden. Die gestrichelt eingezeichnete Verbindung zwischen Heizungssteuergerät 34 und Ausgang 28 mit einem Block 29 stellt eine Alternative zu den Komponenten 26 und 27 für eine andere Ausführungsform der Heizung dar, die eine Heizleistungssteuerung über ein variables Tastverhältnis vorsieht.The structure of the heating block is shown in FIG. The connection 24 of this block, like the connections for the operating parameters speed, etc., is located on corresponding inputs of the heating control device 34. The output of this device is connected to the output 28 of the heating block via a signal box 26 and a variable resistor 27. The dashed connection between the heating control device 34 and the output 28 with a block 29 represents an alternative to the components 26 and 27 for another embodiment of the heating, which provides heating power control via a variable duty cycle.

Im Heizungssteuergerät wird in Abhängigkeit von den Eingangsparametern ein Steuersignal gebildet, das die Leistung im Stromkreis der Heizeinrichtung für die Abgassonde vor und während des Betriebs der Brennkraftmaschine bestimmt. Letzteres kann erforderlich sein, wenn beispielsweise im Leerlauf die Energie der Abgase nicht ausreicht um die Abgassonde auf Betriebstemperatur zu halten.Depending on the input parameters, a control signal is generated in the heating control device which determines the power in the circuit of the heating device for the exhaust gas probe before and during operation of the internal combustion engine. The latter may be necessary if, for example, the energy of the exhaust gases is not sufficient to keep the exhaust gas probe at operating temperature.

Figur 3 zeigt die erfindungsgemäße Ausführung des Startblocks. Ein Plusanschluß 30 ist mit zwei Schaltern 31 und 32 verbunden. Der Schalter 31, der auf dem Eingang 19 des Startblocks liegt, wird durch den Zündschalter 20 betätigt. Je nach Schaltstellung öffnet oder schließt er die Verbindung von Pluspol und Ausgang 17 des Startblocks. Der Schalter 32 liegt auf dem Eingang 21 des Startblocks und wird durch den Schalter 22 betätigt. Dieser Schalter verbindet in geschlossenem Zustand den Pluspol über ein Zeitglied 33 mit dem Ausgang 23 des Startblocks. Zwischen den Ausgängen 17 und 23 befindet sich eine Sperrdiode 35, deren Einbaulage einen Stromfluß von 17 nach 23 erlaubt, während die umgekehrte Richtung gesperrt wird.Figure 3 shows the execution of the starting block according to the invention. A positive terminal 30 is connected to two switches 31 and 32. The switch 31, which is located on the input 19 of the starting block, is actuated by the ignition switch 20. Depending on the switch position, it opens or closes the connection between the positive pole and output 17 of the starting block. The switch 32 is located on the input 21 of the starting block and is operated by the switch 22. In the closed state, this switch connects the positive pole to the output 23 of the starting block via a timing element 33. Between the outputs 17 and 23 there is a blocking diode 35, the installation position of which allows a current flow from 17 to 23, while the reverse direction is blocked.

Wesentlich ist nun, daß die Heizungseinrichtung der Abgassonde durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausführung des Startblocks durch einen zeitlich vor dem Start der Brennkraftmaschine liegenden Vorgang eingeschaltet wird. Dies geschieht durch das Betätigen des Schalter 22, der beispielsweise als Türschloßkontakt ausgebildet sein kann und der beim Aufschließen des Fahrzeugs geschlossen wird.It is now essential that the heating device of the exhaust gas probe is switched on by the execution of the starting block according to the invention by a process that is prior to the start of the internal combustion engine. This is done by actuating the switch 22, which can be designed, for example, as a door lock contact and which is closed when the vehicle is unlocked.

Weitere Ausführungsformen der Erfindung ergeben sich, wenn die Funktion des Schalters 22 durch einen im Fahrersitz angeordneten Kontakt, der auf die Belastung des Sitzes reagiert, erfüllt wird oder wenn diese Funktion an das Einschalten der Innenraumbeleuchtung beim Öffnen der Türen angekoppelt wird. Auf diese Weise wird das Heizungssteuergerät schon vor dem Betätigen des Zündschalters 20 mit Strom versorgt. Die Sperrdiode sperrt in diesem Fall den Stromfluß zwischen den beiden Ausgängen und verhindert das Miteinschalten weiterer Komponenten, die nur bei geschlossenem Zündschalter arbeiten sollen. Um eine unnötige Beheizung der Abgassonde ohne Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine auszuschließen, wird der so eingeschaltete Heizimpuls in seiner Dauer begrenzt, indem ein beispielsweise als monostabile Kippstufe ausgeführtes Zeitglied 33 die Stromversorgung der Heizeinrichtung nach einer angemessenen Zeitspanne unterbricht. Während des Betriebs der Brennkraftmaschine wird diese Stromversorgung über den Zündstromkreis und die in dieser Richtung nicht sperrende Sperrdiode aufrechterhalten.Further embodiments of the invention result if the function of the switch 22 is fulfilled by a contact arranged in the driver's seat, which reacts to the load on the seat, or if this function is coupled to the switching on of the interior lighting when the doors are opened. In this way, the heating control device is activated even before the ignition switch 20 is pressed Electricity supplied. In this case, the blocking diode blocks the flow of current between the two outputs and prevents the switching on of further components which should only work when the ignition switch is closed. In order to preclude unnecessary heating of the exhaust gas probe without operating the internal combustion engine, the duration of the heating pulse switched on in this way is limited by a timer 33 designed, for example, as a monostable multivibrator, which interrupts the power supply to the heating device after a suitable period of time. During the operation of the internal combustion engine, this power supply is maintained via the ignition circuit and the blocking diode that does not block in this direction.

Claims (6)

Einrichtung zur Steuerung und Regelung einer Heizung, insbesondere der Heizung einer Sonde im Abgas einer Brennkraftmaschine, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Einschaltsignal für die Heizung durch einen zeitlich vor der Zündschloßbetätigung liegenden Vorgang ausgelöst wird.Device for the control and regulation of a heater, in particular the heating of a probe in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, characterized in that the switch-on signal for the heater is triggered by a process which occurs before the ignition lock is actuated. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Einschaltsignal von einem Türschloßkontakt abnehmbar ist.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the switch-on signal can be removed from a door lock contact. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Einschaltsignal von einem Kontakt im Fahrersitz abnehmbar ist.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the switch-on signal can be removed from a contact in the driver's seat. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Einschaltsignal durch das Einschalten der Fahrzeuginnenraumbeleuchtung beim Öffnen der Türen ausgelöst wird.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the switch-on signal is triggered by switching on the vehicle interior lighting when the doors are opened. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Einschaltsignal einen Heizvorgang von begrenzter Dauer auslöst.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the switch-on signal triggers a heating process of limited duration. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Heizvorgang ergänzend durch die Zündschloßbetätigung ausgelöst werden kann, wobei in diesem Fall die zeitliche Begrenzung des Heizvorganges unwirksam ist.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating process can additionally be triggered by the ignition lock actuation, in which case the time limit of the heating process is ineffective.
EP19910108079 1990-06-15 1991-05-18 Apparatus to start an exhaust gas sensor heater Ceased EP0461418A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4019067A DE4019067A1 (en) 1990-06-15 1990-06-15 DEVICE FOR SWITCHING ON EXHAUST GAS HEATING
DE4019067 1990-06-15

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EP (1) EP0461418A1 (en)
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DE102005020363A1 (en) * 2005-05-02 2006-11-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Device and method for operating a sensor for gases, in particular a lambda probe
DE102010022683A1 (en) * 2010-06-04 2011-04-21 Daimler Ag Method for operation of exhaust-gas recycling plant attached to internal-combustion engine, involves heating lambda sensor on temperature given in advance in connection with beginning of internal-combustion engine
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DE10150510B4 (en) * 2000-10-13 2016-06-30 Ford Global Technologies, Llc (N.D.Ges.D. Staates Delaware) Methods and systems for reducing the exhaust emission of internal combustion engines

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JPH04232451A (en) 1992-08-20

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