EP0459885B1 - Kompakt-Mehrzweckepiskop - Google Patents

Kompakt-Mehrzweckepiskop Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0459885B1
EP0459885B1 EP91401364A EP91401364A EP0459885B1 EP 0459885 B1 EP0459885 B1 EP 0459885B1 EP 91401364 A EP91401364 A EP 91401364A EP 91401364 A EP91401364 A EP 91401364A EP 0459885 B1 EP0459885 B1 EP 0459885B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
objective
prism
periscope according
periscope
episcope
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91401364A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0459885A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Luc Espie
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thomson TRT Defense
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Thomson TRT Defense
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson TRT Defense filed Critical Thomson TRT Defense
Publication of EP0459885A1 publication Critical patent/EP0459885A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0459885B1 publication Critical patent/EP0459885B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
    • G02B23/02—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices involving prisms or mirrors
    • G02B23/08—Periscopes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/26—Peepholes; Windows; Loopholes
    • F41H5/266—Periscopes for fighting or armoured vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/16—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below for use in conjunction with image converters or intensifiers, or for use with projectors, e.g. objectives for projection TV
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
    • G02B23/12—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices with means for image conversion or intensification

Definitions

  • the field of the invention is that of episcopic vision.
  • the invention relates to a multi-function episcope, which can in particular allow day vision with conventional optical means, and night vision, for example by means of a light intensifier tube.
  • the invention finds particular application in observation devices for armored vehicles, and in particular for combat tanks. More generally, the episcope of the invention can be used in all cases where it is necessary to isolate the observer from the observed field, and where it is useful to have, on the one hand, means of direct vision by optical means. , and on the other hand electronic display means, comprising for example a light intensifier, an infrared detector or a camera, with CCD sensor or the like.
  • the pilot has, for day vision, a conventional optical episcope, called day track, comprising an input reflector receiving the light rays, and an output reflector restoring the light rays to the pilot.
  • a conventional optical episcope called day track
  • the path of the light rays between the two reflectors can be direct or undergo one or more reflections.
  • the daytime channel provides optimal vision, as long as there is sufficient light. However, it does not allow night driving. It is in fact not possible, at least in the combat position, to use lighting means integrated into the vehicle. It is therefore necessary to use an electronic night channel, comprising for example a lens, a light intensifier tube and an eyepiece.
  • Another problem posed by this technique is the storage of the unused episcope in the passenger compartment of the vehicle, in which the space is most often very restricted. In addition, this unused episcope runs great risks of deterioration, if it is not properly secured.
  • day-night episcopes comprising in a single housing a conventional daytime track and a night track with light intensifier.
  • German patent document DE-2,704,185 and the patent documents EP-A-0 192 309 and EP-A-0 193 236 present substantially parallel day and night channel episcopes, the reflector of entrance being mobile, and directing the light rays towards one of the two ways, according to the position selected by the pilot.
  • the invention aims to overcome these drawbacks of the state of the art.
  • an objective of the invention is to provide a day-night episcope requiring a hole drilled in the armor of the smallest possible size, and in particular, an orifice of size similar to that necessary for the passage of a simple day episcope.
  • a particular objective is to provide such a day-night episcope ensuring maximum sealing at the level of the shielding.
  • the invention also aims to provide such an episcope having no moving parts outside the shield and, more generally, few moving parts.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide such an episcope occupying the smallest possible volume, so that it can be installed in many different vehicles, while leaving sufficient space for the driver. Indeed, the space available for an episcope, for example, in a battle tank, is very limited. Take into account, above the shielding, the passage of the turret and the protective stirrups, and below the shielding, the proximity of the steering wheel, the configuration and the open position of the door, the position conduct of the pilot in "head out" configuration, ...
  • the episcope of the invention also aims to respect the ergonomic constraints, both with regard to the positioning of the exit prism of the daytime track and the eyepiece of the night track, which 'with regard to the switching means from one channel to another.
  • the invention also aims to provide an episcope comprising on the one hand a conventional optical episcope and on the other hand electronic display means which may comprise a light intensifier, optical fibers. CCD sensor, thermal camera, etc ...
  • a multi-function episcope in particular for an armored vehicle, comprising an optical vision device, based on reflectors. input and output, at least one electronic display device, for example for night vision, and as characterized in claim 1.
  • the episcope is of the type passing through the shielding of said vehicle, the input reflector of said optical vision device being external to said vehicle.
  • the part of the episcope external to the vehicle is reduced to the maximum, and identical to that emerging in the case of a single day episcope.
  • the mobile part is limited, and located inside the vehicle, under the armor.
  • said movable reflection means comprise a mirror, held by a movable stirrup, and means for guiding said stirrup between said extreme positions.
  • the mobile bracket is configured so as not to interfere with the light rays, whatever its position.
  • said guide means comprise a set of at least one link, arranged so as to ensure a minimum horizontal and vertical clearance of said mirror during the travel of travel between said extreme positions.
  • said objective comprises a set of multi-layer treated lenses and a prism.
  • said objective comprises a field glass between said prism and said electronic processing means, the concave face of said field glass being treated with multiple layers.
  • said objective has an aperture of approximately F / 1, a paraxial focal length of approximately 26 mm, an object field of approximately 45 ° and an image field with a diameter of about 20 mm.
  • said objective has an enlarged useful spectral band, between approximately 450 nm and 900 nm.
  • the episcope advantageously comprises means for controlling the passage of said reflection means from one of said extreme positions to the other, said control means jointly ensuring the setting in or outside of said electronic processing means.
  • said electronic display device is a light intensification channel, comprising a large aperture objective, an intensifier tube and a biocular optic.
  • said movable reflection means comprise a reflector, for example of the reflective prism type with triangular section, integral with said objective, the assembly of movable reflection means-objective being able to pivot about an axis substantially perpendicular to the plane defined by said assembly.
  • the embodiment described below specifically relates to a day-night episcope, the night track of which comprises a light intensifier tube.
  • the invention can be applied to other means of processing light rays.
  • the light rays diverted by the removable mirror can be received by a camera lens, the image being reproduced on a display screen.
  • FIG. 1 shows a day-night episcope, in particular intended for armored vehicles, such as combat tanks.
  • This episcope comprises a housing 10, containing the two ways of day and night.
  • the housing comprises an upper part 11, external to the shielding 12 of the vehicle, and closed by a porthole 13.
  • This porthole 13 can include defrosting means, for example by an anti-reflective conductive interference treatment or a resistive screen printing.
  • the part 11 outside the shielding comprises a single fixed reflector 14, common to the day and night channels, which is advantageously a prism of triangular section with total reflection or whose hypotenuse has received a reflecting treatment (aluminide, silvering or dielectric treatment ).
  • This reflector can also be a mirror.
  • the prism 14 is glued to a prism 15 of generally parallelepiped shape, passing through the shielding 12.
  • the prisms 14 and 15 can also form a single prism.
  • the external and through parts only include fixed optical means, identical to those existing in daytime episcopes simple. This ensures perfect interchangeability of equipment, provided that the lower part of the housing is not too bulky. Such an episcope can therefore easily replace daytime episcopes in most existing armored vehicles.
  • the lower part of the housing 10, under the shielding 12, includes the complements of the day and night channels, and the means for switching from one channel to the other.
  • the daytime track comprises, in addition to the prisms 14 and 15, an output reflector 16, which can advantageously be a prism of triangular section, which directs the light rays 17A towards the pilot 18.
  • This prism 16 can be of total reflection or whose the hypotenuse has received a reflective treatment (aluminide, silvering or dielectric treatment).
  • a prism 19 of parallelepiped shape is glued to this triangular prism 16.
  • the two parallelepiped prisms 15 and 19 are separated by a space 20, in which the retractable mirror 21 can move.
  • the prisms 16 and 19 can also constitute a single prism.
  • the light rays 17 pass successively through a first prism 14, a first parallelepipedal prism 15, an air space 20, a second parallelepipedic prism 19 and a second prism 16.
  • the image seen by the pilot 18 is substantially equivalent to that obtained by means of a conventional episcope, with a single parallelepiped prism, without air space 20.
  • this space 20, of small width does not bring no significant field reduction, this can be compensated by using for these prisms a higher index than usual, 1.62 for example.
  • the daytime track can, in another embodiment, be more complex, and include for example more than two deviations of the light rays.
  • the retractable mirror 21 is housed substantially parallel to the prism 19, in a space 22 provided for this purpose.
  • This mirror is held by a stirrup 23, movable around an axis 24.
  • the stirrup 23 is shaped so as not to influence the path of the spokes luminous.
  • the position of the axis 24 was chosen precisely, so that the displacement of the mirror 21 requires a minimum of horizontal and vertical clearance, thus making it possible to reduce the space 20 between the two prisms 15 and 19 as much as possible, and the space 22 for housing the mirror in the day position.
  • the switching from one channel to the other is ensured by a lever 25, which can pivot by half a turn.
  • the upper position of the joystick corresponds to the daytime lane, and the low position ( Figure 2) corresponds to the nighttime lane.
  • This lever 25 drives around its axis a rod 26, on which is fixed eccentrically a first end of a rod 27, the second end of which is fixed to the bracket 23 for holding the mirror.
  • a half-turn of the lever downwards therefore causes the mirror 21 to pass from the day position (FIG. 1) to the night position (FIG. 2). Conversely, the return to the high position of the lever 25 causes the return to the day track.
  • the passage into the low position of the lever 25 causes, using for example a switch actuated by a cam integral with the lever, the automatic starting of the electronic processing means, such as a light intensifier tube.
  • the electronic processing means such as a light intensifier tube.
  • Another solution for performing the day-night switching consists in making the mirror 21 of the lens 28 integral, and in rotating the lens 28 - mirror 21 assembly along an axis 31, so as to release, by rotation of 90 ° for example, the space between prisms 15 and 19 to allow day vision.
  • the mirror 21 can then be replaced by a reflecting prism of triangular section.
  • This configuration requires increasing the width of the episcope, but in particular allows, by the use of a high index prism to replace the mirror 21, to increase the field of vision at night.
  • Figure 2 shows the episcope of the invention in the night position.
  • the retractable mirror 21 is then placed between the two parallelepiped prisms 15 and 19, in the air space 20, so as to direct the light rays 17B towards a large aperture objective 28.
  • entry prisms 14 and 15 are common to both day and night channels.
  • the night track is, in the preferred embodiment described, a light intensification track.
  • the objective 28 is an angled objective, as described more precisely below in conjunction with FIG. 3.
  • This angled objective makes it possible to position the light intensifier tube 29, necessary for night vision, high enough in the housing 10 so that the eyepiece 30 in which the image 17C is formed can be placed near the output prism 16 , so as to ensure the visual comfort of the pilot 18.
  • the intensifier tube 29 can be of any type commercially available.
  • it is a second generation tube, with electrostatic focusing and wafer of microchannels, such as, for example, the tube TH9311, marketed by THOMSON-CSF (registered trademark), the tube XX1380, marketed by PHILIPS (registered trademark), or the MX9644 / UV tube, sold in particular by THOMSON-CSF (registered trademark).
  • the eyepiece 30 is advantageously a single binocular, which may for example have an exit pupil of about 80 mm in diameter, so as to offer great viewing comfort.
  • This binocular has an apparent field of the order of 45 °, which corresponds to an object field of the night channel of 45 °, for an overall magnification of approximately 1.
  • the binocular 30 can be directly coupled to the intensifier tube 29, using the image given on the screen of the latter. Clearly, to simplify the binocular or increase viewing comfort, this coupling can be carried out via a magnifying optical fiber, making it possible, for example, to go from a screen diameter of tube 29 to a diameter of upper binocular entry, 40 mm for example.
  • optical fiber independent of the intensifier tube makes it possible to give a slight curvature to the exit face of the fiber, so as to improve the quality of binocular 30, and in particular the curvature of field.
  • the binocular 30 can also be equipped with demisting means, such as a heating resistor placed in the eyepiece, or a conductive interference treatment deposited on one face of the eye lens of the binocular, the temperature of which is regulated by thermostat. about 35 °.
  • demisting means such as a heating resistor placed in the eyepiece, or a conductive interference treatment deposited on one face of the eye lens of the binocular, the temperature of which is regulated by thermostat. about 35 °.
  • the angled objective 28 makes it possible to significantly reduce the overall size of the episcope.
  • Figure 3 shows a particular embodiment of such an objective.
  • the useful spectral band covers a broad spectrum, corresponding to the visible domain and to the near infrared. It is between approximately 450 and 900 nm.
  • This objective makes it possible to form the image of an object or of a landscape situated between infinity and 10 meters on the photocathode of the image intensifier tube 29.
  • the 90 ° elbow is produced by a prism 41, 21 mm side.
  • This prism 41 is integrated into the optical combination, which also includes six lenses 42 to 47 and a field lens 50.
  • Table 1 presents all the diopters used for this purpose, specifying their thicknesses, radii, indices and useful diameters.
  • the distance 48 between the optical axis and the intensifier tube is 15 mm, and the length 49 from the front of the objective to the axis is less than 51 mm.
  • the maximum useful diameter is 26.2 mm at the front, at the level of the pupil and is reduced to less than 25 mm in the area above the tube.
  • the treatments used for the six lenses 41 to 47 are multi-layers optimized for high indices.
  • the glasses used have an absorption negligible above 450 nm given the small thickness crossed.
  • the transmission is thus greater than 90% in the entire spectral band 450 nm - 850 nm, for the objective only.
  • the prism 41 undergoes the same multi-layer treatments on its inlet and outlet faces.
  • the hypothesis of the prism cannot work in total reflection, due to the large opening. It is therefore necessary to use a high-efficiency treatment so as not to penalize the overall transmission balance.
  • the objective also comprises, between the prism 41 and the photocathode of the light intensifier tube 29, a field glass 50 bonded to the intensifier tube.
  • the concave face of this field glass 50 is also treated with a multi-layer. the flat face is left bare, due to sticking.
  • the device for electronic processing of light rays is not limited to a light intensifier. It can for example be any type of camera sensor, allowing viewing on a television-type screen, and particularly on a flat screen.
  • viewing images from other sensors such as reversing cameras, thermal cameras, and complex information, such as maps, by day and by night.
  • the retractable mirror can take one or more intermediate positions between the two extreme positions, so as to direct the light rays towards several distinct electronic devices.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Telescopes (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Multifunktions-Episkop, insbesondere für ein gepanzertes Fahrzeug (12), das eine optische Sichtvorrichtung auf der Basis von Eingangs- und Ausgangsreflektoren (14, 16), mindestens eine elektronische Sichtvorrichtung (29) und zwischen zwei Endpositionen bewegliche Ablenkmittel (21) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem Eingangsreflektor (14) und dem Ausgangsreflektor (16) der optischen Sichtvorrichtung die erste Stellung der beweglichen Ablenkmittel (21) den freien Durchgang der Lichtstrahlen (17, 17A) zwischen dem Eingangs- und dem Ausgangsreflektor (14, 16) erlaubt, während die zweite Stellung die Ablenkung der Lichtstrahlen (17, 17B, 17C) zur elektronischen Sichtvorrichtung (29) hervorruft, und daß die elektronische Sichtvorrichtung ein Objektiv (28; 41 bis 47, 50) mit großer Öffnung enthält, das einen Knick von etwa 90° in Bildnähe aufweist.
  2. Episkop nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beweglichen Reflexionsmittel einen Spiegel (21) enthalten, der von einem beweglichen Bügel (23) gehalten wird, sowie Führungsmittel (26, 27) für den Bügel (23) zwischen den beiden Endpositionen.
  3. Episkop nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Führungsmittel mindestens eine Stange (27) enthalten, die so angeordnet ist, daß der Spiegel (21) während der Verschiebung zwischen den beiden Endpositionen möglichst wenig waagrecht und senkrecht ausgelenkt wird.
  4. Episkop nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Objektiv (28) einen Satz von Linsen (42 bis 47), die mit mehreren Schichten versehen sind, und ein Prisma (41) enthält.
  5. Episkop nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hypothenuse des Prismas (41) so behandelt ist, daß die Durchlaßbilanz des Objektivs verbessert wird, und zwar mit Hilfe mindestens einer der folgenden Behandlungen:
    - Silberbeschichtung,
    - verbesserte Aluminiumbeschichtung,
    - optimiertes Multidielektrikum für einen mittleren Einfall von 45°.
  6. Episkop nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Objektiv (28) ein Feldglas (50) zwischen dem Prisma und den elektronischen Verarbeitungsmitteln enthält, wobei die konkave Seite dieses Feldglases (50) mit mehreren Schichten belegt ist.
  7. Episkop nach einem beliebigen der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Objektiv (28) eine Öffnung von etwa F/1, eine paraxiale Brennweite von etwa 26 mm, ein Gegenstandsfeld von etwa 45° und einen Bildfeld-Durchmesser von etwa 20 mm besitzt.
  8. Episkop nach einem beliebigen der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Objektiv (28) ein erweitertes Nutzspektralband zwischen etwa 450 nm und 900 nm hat.
  9. Episkop nach einem beliebigen der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es Mittel (25) zur Steuerung des Übergangs der Reflexionsmittel von einer Endstellung zur anderen aufweist, wobei diese Steuermittel (25) zugleich das Ein- und Ausschalten der elektronischen Verarbeitungsmittel (29) bewirken.
  10. Episkop nach einem beliebigen der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektronische Sichtvorrichtung ein Kanal mit Lichtverstärkung ist, der das Objektiv (28) mit großer Öffnung, eine Verstärkerröhre (29) und eine Binokularoptik (30) besitzt.
  11. Episkop nach einem beliebigen der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beweglichen Reflexionsmittel einen mit dem Objektiv (28) verbundenen Reflektor enthalten, beispielsweise vom Typ eines reflektierenden Prismas mit Dreiecksquerschitt, wobei die Einheit aus beweglichen Reflexionsmitteln und Objektiv um eine im wesentlichen zu der durch diese Einheit definierten Ebene senkrechte Achse (31) schwenken kann.
EP91401364A 1990-06-01 1991-05-28 Kompakt-Mehrzweckepiskop Expired - Lifetime EP0459885B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9006874 1990-06-01
FR9006874A FR2662822B1 (fr) 1990-06-01 1990-06-01 Episcope multi-fonction, a faible encombrement.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0459885A1 EP0459885A1 (de) 1991-12-04
EP0459885B1 true EP0459885B1 (de) 1995-05-10

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EP91401364A Expired - Lifetime EP0459885B1 (de) 1990-06-01 1991-05-28 Kompakt-Mehrzweckepiskop

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP0459885B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2042419A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69109538T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2662822B1 (de)
NO (1) NO911967L (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2803917B1 (fr) * 2000-01-19 2002-12-20 Giat Ind Sa Dispositif de vision jour/nuit
GB2489741B (en) * 2011-04-08 2013-10-02 Kent Periscopes Ltd Enhanced periscope
GB2519767B (en) * 2013-10-29 2018-05-09 Kent Periscopes Ltd Periscope
IT202100014987A1 (it) * 2021-06-09 2022-12-09 M E S S P A Sistema opto-elettronico a periscopio

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2273291A1 (en) * 1974-05-29 1975-12-26 Sopelem Periscope observation head for day or night viewing - has optical and opto-electronic devices and switching means in same head
FR2377647A1 (fr) * 1976-02-02 1978-08-11 Rank Organisation Ltd Installation optique
FR2578062B1 (fr) * 1985-02-22 1987-02-20 Trt Telecom Radio Electr Appareil d'observation mixte jour-nuit
FR2578063B1 (fr) * 1985-02-22 1988-09-02 Trt Telecom Radio Electr Appareil d'observation mixte jour-nuit a grand champ
IL91264A (en) * 1989-08-09 1993-03-15 Noga Lite Ltd Day/night sight

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2662822A1 (fr) 1991-12-06
DE69109538T2 (de) 1995-09-07
FR2662822B1 (fr) 1993-05-14
CA2042419A1 (en) 1991-12-02
NO911967L (no) 1991-12-02
EP0459885A1 (de) 1991-12-04
NO911967D0 (no) 1991-05-22
DE69109538D1 (de) 1995-06-14

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