EP0456006B1 - Method and device for indicating of registering device malfunctions on a printed product equipped with registering marks - Google Patents

Method and device for indicating of registering device malfunctions on a printed product equipped with registering marks Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0456006B1
EP0456006B1 EP91105927A EP91105927A EP0456006B1 EP 0456006 B1 EP0456006 B1 EP 0456006B1 EP 91105927 A EP91105927 A EP 91105927A EP 91105927 A EP91105927 A EP 91105927A EP 0456006 B1 EP0456006 B1 EP 0456006B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
register
register marks
marks
web travel
case
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EP91105927A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0456006A1 (en
Inventor
Udo Blasius
Manfred Korinek
Jürgen Reithofer
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Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
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Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B41F33/0081—Devices for scanning register marks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods and arrangements for determining register errors on a printed product provided with register marks, the register marks being opto-electrically scanned when the printed product passes through the printing press.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve the determination of register errors with regard to the accuracy and the meaningfulness of the information obtained.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that the register marks are scanned twice at a predetermined distance in the web running direction, that a further signal is produced by subtracting the signals obtained by the scanning and that the temporal position of the extreme value of the further signal is a measure of the position of the register mark represents.
  • An arrangement for carrying out the method according to the invention is characterized in that at least two opto-electrical sensor elements are arranged at a predetermined distance, that output signals of the sensor elements can be fed to a subtracting circuit and that the output of the subtracting circuit is connected to the input of a threshold value comparator. It is preferably provided that four sensors are arranged in a square, the output signals of two sensors each being able to be fed to a subtracting circuit.
  • a further embodiment of the invention consists in that the register marks each have two edges which run obliquely at an opposite angle to the web running direction and that the edges are offset with respect to one another in the web running direction.
  • register marks By designing the register marks according to this embodiment of the invention, other criteria can also be checked, such as the position of the folded edge.
  • This form of register mark also supports new sensor technologies, such as CCD elements.
  • Fig. 1 shows an advantageous register mark, which consists of two right-angled triangles 1, 2 and is printed on a printed sheet in such a way that it is moved in the direction indicated by an arrow.
  • the register mark preferably has the dimensions given in the drawing as an example. This means that it takes up little space on the printed sheet and is not visible, for example, on a folded printed sheet if it is arranged on the fold line.
  • the inclined edges b and b * allow the positional deviation to be determined in a simple manner when scanning with the aid of one sensor each. With the edges a and a * , a deviation in the direction of web travel can be determined with the same sensors.
  • FIG. 2 shows the arrangement of four sensor elements 11, 12, 21, 22 in the form of a square.
  • Such an arrangement is available on the market, for example under the type designation SFH 204 from Siemens.
  • FIG. 3 shows the sensor 3, which has already been explained in connection with FIG. 2, with three register marks 4, 5, 6, which have different colors, for example black (B), magenta (M) and yellow (Y) from a printing unit of a printing press is printed on the web running in the direction of the arrow.
  • B black
  • M magenta
  • Y yellow
  • electrical signals are required which correspond exactly to the respective position of the register marks 4, 5, 6.
  • the signals emitted by the sensor 3 have flanks, the steepness of which depends on the contrast of the respective color with the paper white.
  • the rising Flank of the signals flatter than the falling flank.
  • the output signals of the sensor elements 11, 12, 21, 22 when the register marks 4, 5, 6 are scanned are shown in FIG. 4 as time diagrams, the individual lines being identified with the respective sensor element and the individual pulses being identified with the colors of the register marks . If the signals shown were converted into binary signals with the aid of a threshold value comparator without further measures, their leading edges would depend on the respective steepness of the leading edges of the signals and thus on the respective color.
  • the outputs 13, 14, 15, 16 are supplied with the output signals of the sensor elements 11, 12, 21, 22, if necessary after appropriate amplification.
  • the output signals of two sensor elements located one behind the other in the web running direction are each subtracted in a subtraction circuit 17, 18.
  • the resulting signals 11-12 and 21-22 are also shown in Fig. 4.
  • the pulses PEAK1 and PEAK2 regardless of the color, represent the point in time at which the respective register mark assumes a predetermined position. These points in time are calculated in the computer 25 with one another or with a setpoint compared, so that the registration is optimized by a corresponding control of the printing press.
  • the color of the registered register mark can be determined.
  • the signals A and B are each fed to an analog / digital converter 26, 27.
  • the analog / digital converters 26, 27 are triggered with PEAK1 or PEAK2.
  • an AND circuit 28, 29 is provided, to which the respective pulse PEAK1 or PEAK2 and, on the other hand, a signal CONVERT are supplied by the computer 25. The latter defines a period in which the peak value can lie. The conversion of peak values of other signals can thus be excluded.
  • the output signals of the analog / digital converters 26, 27 are fed to corresponding inputs of the computer 25 and compared there with stored values of the degrees of absorption of the individual colors.
  • the result of this comparison represents information about the color of the register mark scanned in each case. This information can be used, for example, to feed the control signals generated by the computer to the correct printing unit.
  • Two sensor elements 11, 12 and 21, 22 are in themselves sufficient for position control in the direction of web travel.
  • the use of four sensor elements, two sensor elements each scanning one of the parts of the register mark 4, 5, 6 (FIG. 1), also means that Corresponding evaluation in the computer 25, a regulation of the position transverse to the web running direction and possibly also regulation in the diagonal direction is possible.
  • the rectifiers 19, 20 are full-wave rectifiers, that is to say the parts of the output voltages of the subtracting circuits 17, 18 reaching into the negative are not suppressed but inverted.
  • the signals A 'and B' then have the form shown in FIG. 8.
  • Binary signals C and D are formed from the signals A 'and B' using threshold value comparators 31, 32. These are fed to the inputs of the computer 25, where in each case the pulse center is calculated, which corresponds in time to the maximum amplitude (peak value) of the analog signal. By using this pulse center as a measure of the position of the register marks, there are no errors due to different rates of rise of the pulses.
  • FIG. 5 An exemplary embodiment for the evaluation of the signals fed to the computer 25 (FIG. 5, FIG. 7) is explained below with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10, triangular register marks 41, 42, 43 being provided for the sake of clarity.
  • the evaluation of the signals which result from the scanning of the register marks 4, 5, 6 (FIG. 3) takes place in a corresponding manner, taking into account the offset of both halves of these register marks.
  • the register marks 41, 42, 43 are each printed on the web in one color by a printing unit in such a way that, when correctly registered, they lie on a line shown in broken lines in FIG. 9 and have a defined distance S from one another.
  • FIG. 10 For various register errors, the temporal position of the pulse-shaped signals resulting from the scanning of the edges of the register marks 41 to 43 is shown in FIG.
  • the individual lines in FIG. 10 are given the same name with the sensor elements.
  • 10a shows the timing of the pulses when there are no register errors.
  • 10b there is a lateral register error, the scanned register mark being too low in the representation according to FIG.
  • the pulses generated by sensor elements 11 and 12 have a delay.
  • This delay B represents a measure of the size of the lateral register error.
  • FIG. 10c shows the situation in the case of a lateral register error in the other direction - that is, the register mark is shifted upwards in the representation in FIG. 9.
  • 10d shows the pulses with a lateral register error downwards and a diagonal register error A.
  • the register errors in the circumferential direction are determined on the basis of the time interval between the scanning of the individual register marks. Since only the pulses resulting from scanning a register mark are shown in FIG. 10, this is not apparent from FIG. 10.
  • Times A and B and the time (not shown) between two different register marks are recorded in a manner known per se in the computer with the aid of counters which are incremented at a frequency which is substantially higher than the repetition frequency of the pulses.

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  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
  • Structure Of Printed Boards (AREA)
  • Containers And Plastic Fillers For Packaging (AREA)

Abstract

In a method for indicating registering device malfunctions on a printed product equipped with registering marks (4, 5, 6), the registering marks (4, 5, 6) being scanned opto-electrically on passage of the printed product through the printing machine, the registering marks (4, 5, 6) are scanned twice in the direction of travel of the web at a predetermined separation. By subtraction of the signals obtained by the scanning, a further signal arises. The temporal position of the extreme value of the further signal constitutes a measure for the position of the registering marks. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Verfahren und Anordnungen zum Ermitteln von Registerfehlern auf einem mit Registermarken versehenen Druckerzeugnis, wobei die Registermarken beim Durchlauf des Druckerzeugnisses durch die Druckmaschine opto-elektrisch abgetastet werden.The invention relates to methods and arrangements for determining register errors on a printed product provided with register marks, the register marks being opto-electrically scanned when the printed product passes through the printing press.

Beim Mehrfarbendruck ist eine genaue Registrierung der einzelnen Farbauszüge unerläßlich. Zur Erfassung der Registrierungsfehler ist es bekannt, das jeweilige Druckerzeugnis mit Registermarken zu versehen. Es ist ferner bekannt, die Registermarken opto-elektrisch abzutasten und die daraus resultierenden Informationen zu einer Registerregelung zu verwenden, wie beispielsweise aus der EP-A-0 208 282 zu ersehen ist. Die durch die opto-elektrische Abtastung der Registermarken entstehenden elektrischen Signale weisen Anstiegs- bzw. Abfallzeiten auf, welche bei der Auswertung der Signale zu Ungenauigkeiten führen können.With multi-color printing, an exact registration of the individual color separations is essential. To register the registration errors, it is known to provide the respective printed product with register marks. It is also known to opto-electrically scan the register marks and to use the resulting information for register control, as can be seen for example from EP-A-0 208 282. The electrical signals resulting from the opto-electrical scanning of the register marks have rise and fall times which can lead to inaccuracies in the evaluation of the signals.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, die Ermittlung von Registerfehlern bezüglich der Genauigkeit und der Aussagefähigkeit der gewonnenen Informationen zu verbessern.The object of the present invention is to improve the determination of register errors with regard to the accuracy and the meaningfulness of the information obtained.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Registermarken in Bahnlaufrichtung zweimal in einem vorgegebenen Abstand abgetastet werden, daß durch Subtraktion der durch die Abtastung gewonnenen Signale ein weiteres Signal entsteht und daß die zeitliche Lage des Extremwertes des weiteren Signals ein Maß für die Lage der Registermarke darstellt.The method according to the invention is characterized in that the register marks are scanned twice at a predetermined distance in the web running direction, that a further signal is produced by subtracting the signals obtained by the scanning and that the temporal position of the extreme value of the further signal is a measure of the position of the register mark represents.

Eine Anordnung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens zwei opto-elektrische Sensorelemente in einem vorgegebenen Abstand angeordnet sind, daß Ausgangssignale der Sensorelemente einer Subtrahierschaltung zuführbar sind und daß der Ausgang der Subtrahierschaltung mit dem Eingang eines Schwellwertkomparators verbunden ist. Dabei ist vorzugsweise vorgesehen, daß vier Sensoren quadratisch angeordnet sind, wobei die Ausgangssignale jeweils zweier Sensoren je einer Subtrahierschaltung zuführbar sind.An arrangement for carrying out the method according to the invention is characterized in that at least two opto-electrical sensor elements are arranged at a predetermined distance, that output signals of the sensor elements can be fed to a subtracting circuit and that the output of the subtracting circuit is connected to the input of a threshold value comparator. It is preferably provided that four sensors are arranged in a square, the output signals of two sensors each being able to be fed to a subtracting circuit.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht darin, daß die Registermarken jeweils zwei in entgegengesetztem Winkel schräg zur Bahnlaufrichtung verlaufende Kanten aufweisen und daß die Kanten in Bahnlaufrichtung gegeneinander versetzt sind.A further embodiment of the invention consists in that the register marks each have two edges which run obliquely at an opposite angle to the web running direction and that the edges are offset with respect to one another in the web running direction.

Durch die Ausbildung der Registermarken gemäß dieser Ausführungsform der Erfindung können auch andere Kriterien überprüft werden, wie beispielsweise die Lage der Falzkante. Außerdem unterstützt diese Form der Registermarke neue Sensortechnologien, wie beispielsweise CCD-Elemente.By designing the register marks according to this embodiment of the invention, other criteria can also be checked, such as the position of the folded edge. This form of register mark also supports new sensor technologies, such as CCD elements.

Durch die in weiteren Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind weitere vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen der im Hauptanspruch angegebenen Erfindung möglich.The measures listed in the further subclaims enable further advantageous developments and improvements of the invention specified in the main claim.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung anhand mehrerer Figuren dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine vergrößerte Darstellung einer Registermarke,
Fig. 2
eine vergrößerte Darstellung eines Sensors mit vier Sensorelementen,
Fig. 3
Registermarken verschiedener Farben, die von einem Sensor abgetastet werden,
Fig. 4
Ausgangssignale des Sensors und daraus gebildete Differenzsignale,
Fig. 5
ein Blockschaltbild eines Ausführungsbeispiels,
Fig. 6
Signale, die bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 5 auftreten,
Fig. 7
ein Blockschaltbild eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels,
Fig. 8
Signale, die bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 7 auftreten,
Fig. 9
einen Sensor und weitere Registermarken und
Fig.10
Zeitdiagramme von Signalen, die bei der Abtastung der in Fig. 9 dargestellten Registermarken entstehen.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing using several figures and are explained in more detail in the following description. It shows:
Fig. 1
an enlarged representation of a register mark,
Fig. 2
an enlarged view of a sensor with four sensor elements,
Fig. 3
Register marks of different colors, which are scanned by a sensor,
Fig. 4
Output signals of the sensor and difference signals formed therefrom,
Fig. 5
2 shows a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment,
Fig. 6
5, which occur in the embodiment of FIG.
Fig. 7
2 shows a block diagram of a further exemplary embodiment,
Fig. 8
Signals which occur in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 7
Fig. 9
a sensor and other register marks and
Fig. 10
Timing diagrams of signals that arise when the register marks shown in FIG. 9 are scanned.

Gleiche Teile sind in den Figuren mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.Identical parts are provided with the same reference symbols in the figures.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine vorteilhafte Registermarke, die aus zwei rechtwinkligen Dreiecken 1, 2 besteht und auf einen Druckbogen derart aufgedruckt ist, daß sie in der durch einen Pfeil angedeuteten Bahnlaufrichtung bewegt wird. Die Registermarke weist vorzugsweise die in der Zeichnung als Beispiel angegebenen Abmessungen auf. Damit nimmt sie auf dem Druckbogen wenig Raum ein und wird beispielsweise auf einem gefalzten Druckbogen nicht sichtbar, wenn sie auf der Falzlinie angeordnet ist. Die schräg verlaufenden Kanten b und b* erlauben in einfacher Weise beim Abtasten mit Hilfe je eines Sensors eine Ermittlung der zeitlichen Lageabweichung. Mit den Kanten a und a* kann mit den gleichen Sensoren eine Abweichung in Bahnlaufrichtung ermittelt werden.Fig. 1 shows an advantageous register mark, which consists of two right-angled triangles 1, 2 and is printed on a printed sheet in such a way that it is moved in the direction indicated by an arrow. The register mark preferably has the dimensions given in the drawing as an example. This means that it takes up little space on the printed sheet and is not visible, for example, on a folded printed sheet if it is arranged on the fold line. The inclined edges b and b * allow the positional deviation to be determined in a simple manner when scanning with the aid of one sensor each. With the edges a and a * , a deviation in the direction of web travel can be determined with the same sensors.

Fig. 2 zeigt die Anordnung von vier Sensorelementen 11, 12, 21, 22 in Form eines Quadrats. Eine derartige Anordnung ist auf dem Markt erhältlich, beispielsweise unter der Typenbezeichnung SFH 204 der Firma Siemens.2 shows the arrangement of four sensor elements 11, 12, 21, 22 in the form of a square. Such an arrangement is available on the market, for example under the type designation SFH 204 from Siemens.

Fig. 3 stellt den Sensor 3, der bereits im Zusammenhang mit Fig. 2 erläutert wurde, mit drei Registermarken 4, 5, 6 dar, die mit verschiedenen Farben, beispielsweise Schwarz (B), Magenta (M) und Gelb (Y) von jeweils einem Druckwerk einer Druckmaschine auf die in Pfeilrichtung laufende Bahn aufgedruckt sind. Um die Lage der Registermarken zueinander und damit die Registrierung des Druckbildes messen zu können, sind elektrische Signale erforderlich, die genauestens mit der jeweiligen Position der Registermarke 4, 5, 6 übereinstimmen. Die von dem Sensor 3 abgegebenen Signale sind jedoch mit Flanken behaftet, deren Steilheit vom Kontrast der jeweiligen Farbe zum Papierweiß abhängt. Außerdem verläuft, durch die Keilform bedingt, die steigende Flanke der Signale flacher als die fallende Flanke.FIG. 3 shows the sensor 3, which has already been explained in connection with FIG. 2, with three register marks 4, 5, 6, which have different colors, for example black (B), magenta (M) and yellow (Y) from a printing unit of a printing press is printed on the web running in the direction of the arrow. In order to be able to measure the position of the register marks relative to one another and thus the registration of the printed image, electrical signals are required which correspond exactly to the respective position of the register marks 4, 5, 6. However, the signals emitted by the sensor 3 have flanks, the steepness of which depends on the contrast of the respective color with the paper white. In addition, due to the wedge shape, the rising Flank of the signals flatter than the falling flank.

Die Ausgangssignale der Sensorelemente 11, 12, 21, 22 beim Abtasten der Registermarken 4, 5, 6 sind in Fig. 4 als Zeitdiagramme dargestellt, wobei die einzelnen Zeilen gleichlautend mit dem jeweiligen Sensorelement und die einzelnen Impulse gleichlautend mit den Farben der Registermarken bezeichnet sind. Würde man die dargestellten Signale ohne weitere Maßnahmen mit Hilfe eines Schwellwert-Komparators in binäre Signale umwandeln, so wären deren Vorderflanken von der jeweiligen Steilheit der Vorderflanken der Signale und damit von der jeweiligen Farbe abhängig.The output signals of the sensor elements 11, 12, 21, 22 when the register marks 4, 5, 6 are scanned are shown in FIG. 4 as time diagrams, the individual lines being identified with the respective sensor element and the individual pulses being identified with the colors of the register marks . If the signals shown were converted into binary signals with the aid of a threshold value comparator without further measures, their leading edges would depend on the respective steepness of the leading edges of the signals and thus on the respective color.

Diese Abhängigkeit wird bei der in Fig. 5 dargestellten Schaltungsanordnung vermieden. Den Eingängen 13, 14, 15, 16 werden die Ausgangssignale der Sensorelemente 11, 12, 21, 22 gegebenenfalls nach entsprechender Verstärkung zugeführt. Die Ausgangssignale jeweils zweier in Bahnlaufrichtung hintereinander liegender Sensorelemente werden in je einer Subtrahiersschaltung 17, 18 subtrahiert. Die dadurch entstandenen Signale 11-12 und 21-22 sind ebenfalls in Fig. 4 dargestellt.This dependency is avoided in the circuit arrangement shown in FIG. 5. The outputs 13, 14, 15, 16 are supplied with the output signals of the sensor elements 11, 12, 21, 22, if necessary after appropriate amplification. The output signals of two sensor elements located one behind the other in the web running direction are each subtracted in a subtraction circuit 17, 18. The resulting signals 11-12 and 21-22 are also shown in Fig. 4.

Mit Hilfe von anschließenden Gleichrichtern 19, 20 (Fig. 5) werden die bei der Subtraktion entstehenden negativ gerichteten Anteile abgeschnitten, so daß die in Fig. 6 dargestellten Signale A und B entstehen. Diese werden je einem Spitzenwertdetektor 23, 24 zugeführt, der zum Zeitpunkt des Maximums des jeweiligen Signals A, B einen Impuls PEAK1 bzw. PEAK2 an einen Rechner 25 abgibt.With the help of subsequent rectifiers 19, 20 (FIG. 5), the negatively directed portions resulting from the subtraction are cut off, so that the signals A and B shown in FIG. 6 arise. These are each fed to a peak value detector 23, 24, which at the time of the maximum of the respective signal A, B outputs a pulse PEAK1 or PEAK2 to a computer 25.

Die Impulse PEAK1 und PEAK2 stellen unabhängig von der Farbe den Zeitpunkt dar, zu welchem die jeweilige Registermarke eine vorbestimmte Position einnimmt. Im Rechner 25 werden diese Zeitpunkte miteinander bzw. mit einem Sollwert verglichen, so daß durch eine entsprechende Steuerung der Druckmaschine eine Optimierung der Registrierung erfolgt.The pulses PEAK1 and PEAK2, regardless of the color, represent the point in time at which the respective register mark assumes a predetermined position. These points in time are calculated in the computer 25 with one another or with a setpoint compared, so that the registration is optimized by a corresponding control of the printing press.

Mit der in Fig. 5 dargestellten Schaltungsanordnung kann außer der farbunabhängigen Bestimmung der Lage der Registermarken eine Bestimmung der Farbe der jeweils abgetasteten Registermarke erfolgen. Dazu werden die Signale A und B je einem Analog/Digital-Wandler 26, 27 zugeführt. Um den jeweiligen Spitzenwert in ein digitales Signal umzuwandeln werden die Analog/Digital-Wandler 26, 27 mit PEAK1 bzw. PEAK2 getriggert. Dazu ist jeweils eine Und-Schaltung 28, 29 vorgesehen, der einerseits der jeweilige Impuls PEAK1 bzw. PEAK2 und andererseits ein Signal CONVERT vom Rechner 25 zugeführt werden. Letzteres definiert einen Zeitraum, in welchem der Spitzenwert liegen kann. Damit kann die Wandlung von Spitzenwerten anderer Signale ausgeschlossen werden.With the circuit arrangement shown in FIG. 5, in addition to the color-independent determination of the position of the register marks, the color of the registered register mark can be determined. For this purpose, the signals A and B are each fed to an analog / digital converter 26, 27. In order to convert the respective peak value into a digital signal, the analog / digital converters 26, 27 are triggered with PEAK1 or PEAK2. For this purpose, an AND circuit 28, 29 is provided, to which the respective pulse PEAK1 or PEAK2 and, on the other hand, a signal CONVERT are supplied by the computer 25. The latter defines a period in which the peak value can lie. The conversion of peak values of other signals can thus be excluded.

Die Ausgangssignale der Analog/Digital-Wandler 26, 27 werden entsprechenden Eingängen des Rechners 25 zugeführt und dort mit gespeicherten Werten der Absorbtionsgrade der einzelnen Farben verglichen. Das Ergebnis dieses Vergleichs stellt eine Information über die Farbe der jeweils abgetasteten Registermarke dar. Diese Information kann beispielsweise dazu verwendet werden, die vom Rechner erzeugten Steuersignale jeweils dem richtigen Druckwerk zuzuführen.The output signals of the analog / digital converters 26, 27 are fed to corresponding inputs of the computer 25 and compared there with stored values of the degrees of absorption of the individual colors. The result of this comparison represents information about the color of the register mark scanned in each case. This information can be used, for example, to feed the control signals generated by the computer to the correct printing unit.

Zu einer Lageregelung in Bahnlaufrichtung genügen an sich zwei Sensorelemente 11, 12 bzw. 21, 22. Durch die Verwendung von vier Sensorelementen, wobei jeweils zwei Sensorelemente eines der Teile der Registermarke 4, 5, 6 (Fig. 1) abtasten, ist ferner durch entsprechende Auswertung im Rechner 25 eine Regelung der Lage quer zur Bahnlaufrichtung und gegebenenfalls auch eine Regelung in Diagonalrichtung möglich.Two sensor elements 11, 12 and 21, 22 are in themselves sufficient for position control in the direction of web travel. The use of four sensor elements, two sensor elements each scanning one of the parts of the register mark 4, 5, 6 (FIG. 1), also means that Corresponding evaluation in the computer 25, a regulation of the position transverse to the web running direction and possibly also regulation in the diagonal direction is possible.

Mit der Schaltungsanordnung nach Fig. 7 wird lediglich die Lage der Registermarken ausgewertet, nicht jedoch deren Farbe erkannt. Der Aufwand an Analog-Schaltungen ist gegenüber der Schaltungsanordnung nach Fig. 5 entsprechend geringer. Die Gleichrichter 19, 20 sind bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 7 Vollweggleichrichter, das heißt die ins Negative reichenden Teile der Ausgangsspannungen der Subtrahierschaltungen 17, 18 werden nicht unterdrückt, sondern invertiert. Die Signale A' und B' weisen dann die in Fig. 8 gezeigte Form auf. Mit Schwellwert-Komparatoren 31, 32 werden aus den Signalen A' und B' Binärsignale C und D geformt. Diese werden Eingängen des Rechners 25 zugeführt, wo jeweils die Impulsmitte errechnet wird, die zeitlich dem Amplitudenmaximum (Spitzenwert) des Analogsignals entspricht. Durch Verwendung dieser Impulsmitte als Maß für die Lage der Registermarken entstehen keine Fehler durch unterschiedliche Anstiegsgeschwindigkeiten der Impulse.7 only evaluates the position of the register marks, but does not recognize their color. The cost of analog circuits is correspondingly lower compared to the circuit arrangement according to FIG. 5. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 7, the rectifiers 19, 20 are full-wave rectifiers, that is to say the parts of the output voltages of the subtracting circuits 17, 18 reaching into the negative are not suppressed but inverted. The signals A 'and B' then have the form shown in FIG. 8. Binary signals C and D are formed from the signals A 'and B' using threshold value comparators 31, 32. These are fed to the inputs of the computer 25, where in each case the pulse center is calculated, which corresponds in time to the maximum amplitude (peak value) of the analog signal. By using this pulse center as a measure of the position of the register marks, there are no errors due to different rates of rise of the pulses.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel für die Auswertung der dem Rechner 25 (Fig. 5, Fig. 7) zugeführten Signale wird im folgenden anhand der Figuren 9 und 10 erläutert, wobei der Übersichtlichkeit halber dreieckförmige Registermarken 41, 42, 43 vorgesehen sind. Die Auswertung der Signale, welche durch die Abtastung der Registermarken 4, 5, 6 (Fig. 3) entstehen, erfolgt unter Berücksichtigung des Versatzes beider Hälften dieser Registermarken in entsprechender Weise.An exemplary embodiment for the evaluation of the signals fed to the computer 25 (FIG. 5, FIG. 7) is explained below with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10, triangular register marks 41, 42, 43 being provided for the sake of clarity. The evaluation of the signals which result from the scanning of the register marks 4, 5, 6 (FIG. 3) takes place in a corresponding manner, taking into account the offset of both halves of these register marks.

Die Registermarken 41, 42, 43 sind jeweils von einem Druckwerk in einer Farbe derart auf die Bahn gedruckt, daß sie bei richtiger Registrierung auf einer in Fig. 9 gestrichelt dargestellten Linie liegen und einen definierten Abstand S voneinander aufweisen.The register marks 41, 42, 43 are each printed on the web in one color by a printing unit in such a way that, when correctly registered, they lie on a line shown in broken lines in FIG. 9 and have a defined distance S from one another.

Für verschiedene Registerfehler ist in Fig. 10 die zeitliche Lage der durch die Abtastung der Ränder der Registermarken 41 bis 43 entstehenden impulsförmigen Signale dargestellt. Die einzelnen Zeilen in Fig. 10 sind gleichlautend mit den Sensorelementen bezeichnet.For various register errors, the temporal position of the pulse-shaped signals resulting from the scanning of the edges of the register marks 41 to 43 is shown in FIG. The individual lines in FIG. 10 are given the same name with the sensor elements.

Fig. 10a zeigt die zeitliche Lage der Impulse, wenn keine Registerfehler vorliegen. Bei den Diagrammen gemäß Fig. 10b liegt ein seitlicher Registerfehler vor, wobei die abgetastete Registermarke bei der Darstellung nach Fig. 9 zu tief liegt. Gegenüber den von den Sensorelementen 21 und 22 erzeugten Impulsen weisen die von den Sensorelementen 11 und 12 erzeugten Impulse eine Verzögerung auf. Diese Verzögerung B stellt ein Maß für die Größe des seitlichen Registerfehlers dar.10a shows the timing of the pulses when there are no register errors. 10b there is a lateral register error, the scanned register mark being too low in the representation according to FIG. Compared to the pulses generated by sensor elements 21 and 22, the pulses generated by sensor elements 11 and 12 have a delay. This delay B represents a measure of the size of the lateral register error.

Fig. 10c stellt die Verhältnisse bei einem seitlichen Registerfehler in der anderen Richtung dar - das heißt, die Registermarke ist bei der Darstellung in Fig. 9 nach oben verschoben. Fig. 10d zeigt die Impulse bei einem seitlichen Registerfehler nach unten und einem diagonalen Registerfehler A. Die Registerfehler in Umfangsrichtung werden aufgrund des zeitlichen Abstandes der Abtastung der einzelnen Registermarken ermittelt. Da in Fig. 10 lediglich die Impulse die durch Abtastung einer Registermarke entstehen, dargestellt sind, geht dieses aus Fig. 10 nicht hervor.FIG. 10c shows the situation in the case of a lateral register error in the other direction - that is, the register mark is shifted upwards in the representation in FIG. 9. 10d shows the pulses with a lateral register error downwards and a diagonal register error A. The register errors in the circumferential direction are determined on the basis of the time interval between the scanning of the individual register marks. Since only the pulses resulting from scanning a register mark are shown in FIG. 10, this is not apparent from FIG. 10.

Die Erfassung der Zeiten A und B sowie der nicht dargestellten Zeit zwischen zwei verschiedenen Registermarken erfolgt in an sich bekannter Weise im Rechner mit Hilfe von Zählern, die mit einer Frequenz inkrementiert werden, die wesentlich höher als die Wiederholfrequenz der Impulse ist.Times A and B and the time (not shown) between two different register marks are recorded in a manner known per se in the computer with the aid of counters which are incremented at a frequency which is substantially higher than the repetition frequency of the pulses.

Claims (9)

  1. Method for determining register errors on a printed product provided with register marks, the register marks being opto-electrically scanned by the printing machine when the printed product passes through, characterized in that the register marks are scanned twice at a predetermined distance in the direction of the web travel, in that a further signal is produced by subtracting the signals obtained by the scanning and in that the position in time of the extreme value of the further signal represents a measure of the position of the register mark.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the extreme value of the further signal is compared with stored values, the stored values representing degrees of absorption of the various printing inks used, and in that the result of the comparison signals the colour of the register mark scanned in each case.
  3. Arrangement for carrying out the method according to Claim 2, characterized in that an analog/digital converter (26, 27) precedes a computer (25), in that the further signal can be supplied to the analog/digital converter (26, 27) and in that a peak-value detector (23, 24) is provided which outputs a pulse to the computer (25) when a peak value occurs.
  4. Arrangement according to Claim 3, characterized in that the output of the peak-value detector (23, 24) is connected via an AND gate (28, 29) to a control input of the analog/digital converter (26, 27) and in that the AND gate (28, 29) can also be supplied with a start pulse by a computer (25).
  5. Arrangement for scanning register marks, particularly for controlling the colour register in a printing machine, characterized in that at least two opto-electrical sensor elements (11, 12, 21, 22) are arranged at a predetermined distance in the direction of web travel, in that output signals of the sensor elements (11, 12, 21, 22) can be supplied to a subtracting circuit (17, 18) and in that the output of the subtracting circuit (17, 18) is connected to the input of a threshold-value comparator (31, 32) via a rectifier (19, 20).
  6. Arrangement according to Claim 5, characterized in that four sensors (11, 12, 21, 22) are arranged in a square, the output signals of in each case two sensors being suppliable to in each case one subtracting circuit (17, 18).
  7. Arrangement for carrying out the method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the register marks in each case exhibit two edges extending obliquely to the direction of web travel at opposite angles and in that the edges are offset from one another in the direction of web travel.
  8. Arrangement according to Claim 7, characterized in that the register marks exhibit further edges which extend perpendicularly to the direction of web travel.
  9. Arrangement according to Claim 8, characterized in that the register marks consist of in each case two right-angled triangles which are arranged offset from one another in the direction of web travel on both sides of a straight line extending in the direction of web travel in such a manner that in each case one leg of the triangles is located on the straight line.
EP91105927A 1990-05-08 1991-04-13 Method and device for indicating of registering device malfunctions on a printed product equipped with registering marks Expired - Lifetime EP0456006B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE4014706A DE4014706C2 (en) 1990-05-08 1990-05-08 Method for determining register errors on a printed product provided with register marks
DE4014706 1990-05-08

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EP0456006A1 EP0456006A1 (en) 1991-11-13
EP0456006B1 true EP0456006B1 (en) 1994-09-07

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EP (1) EP0456006B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH04229270A (en)
AT (1) ATE111029T1 (en)
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DE (2) DE4014706C2 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
CA2041347A1 (en) 1991-11-09
JPH04229270A (en) 1992-08-18
DE4014706A1 (en) 1991-11-14
ATE111029T1 (en) 1994-09-15
DE4014706C2 (en) 1994-06-01
CA2041347C (en) 1996-02-20
EP0456006A1 (en) 1991-11-13
DE59102798D1 (en) 1994-10-13
US5249139A (en) 1993-09-28

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