EP0451529A1 - Hinge for a door of a motor vehicle, especially of a passenger car - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a hinge for a door of a motor vehicle, especially of a passenger car, having two hinge plates, of which one is fastened to the body and the other to the door and which each have a bearing sleeve (19, 26) with a bore (20, 27) for receiving a respective pin (21, 28), the two pins (21, 28) being fixable to the corresponding bearing sleeve (19, 26) at the ends facing away from one another by means of a screw connection (22, 23, 29, 30). At the end pointing respectively towards the other pin, one pin (21) has a ball-joint socket (25) and the other pin (28) a ball (33) in order to form a ball joint connecting the two pins (21, 28) to one another. The door hinge is self-adjustable according to the tolerances occurring and can be kept free of tension. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a motor vehicle, in particular car door, with door hinges and bearing arrangements using ball joints, the door hinges essentially consisting of two hinge brackets, one leg of which is attached to a body post and the other leg of the other hinge bracket is attached to the door is and both hinge tabs are connected to each other by a hinge pin with which the ball of the ball joint in question is integrally connected.

It is known to hinge passenger cars on the relevant pillars - e.g. B. A or B pillar - to weld. The welding is done by welding robots such. B. even if the hinge tab in question is at a certain gap distance from the associated door jamb. Due to the unreasonable tolerances and due to warping during welding, the door must first be made "normal". This happens e.g. B. in that the door is actually bent by the worker by hanging on the door or knocking on it until the door can be closed.

Another procedure is to connect the door brackets to the door jamb and the door itself by screws. Manufacturing inaccuracies, misalignments and tensions in the hinge axes for plug-in hinges are e.g. B. compensated by tuning plates or intermediate documents for the correction of the hinge axes. However, this only ever happens in a more or less imperfect manner, so that a certain amount of re-bending and alignment of the fully assembled doors is necessary until they can be closed and opened without grinding noises and without striking.

Through the screwed or welded doors then the assembly of all internal parts, z. B. the upholstery, radio, dashboard, electrics and electronics, speakers, floor mats, but also the cladding of the doors and the door mechanism including the lifting mechanism for the windows (window regulators). In particular, the installation of additional devices on doors always makes it again necessary to adjust this, because the subsequently installed inner parts contribute to a warping of the doors due to their weight components, which results in cumbersome subsequent adjustment work on the doors.

In all cases, the hinge axes are often under very high voltages, so that in the event of a later build-up, e.g. B. after accidents, it is often no longer possible to continue using the old bearing arrangement of the door hinges.

From DE-PS 35 39 276 a door hinge for a motor vehicle door is previously known, the hinge axis for the door being formed by an upper and a lower door joint as a ball joint, such that each door joint consists of a bracket attached to the bodywork, which is approximately vertical standing sleeve with a certain inner sleeve diameter. Each door joint consists of a bracket fastened on the door side, which carries a spherical shell, the ball pivot being formed from a ball and a threaded bolt fastened thereon, and the threaded bolt being smaller in diameter than the inner sleeve diameter. The console on the door carries the Ball pin, wherein a clearance is formed between the sleeve inner diameter and the threaded bolt, so that the threaded bolt can be displaced within the same axial direction as the sleeve in a horizontal plane after insertion into the sleeve. The threaded bolt has an excess length with its threaded part compared to the sleeve length, so that the threaded bolt can be moved up and down within the sleeve region. The sleeve is encompassed from both end faces by two nuts screwed onto the threaded bolt, the bearing surface diameter of which corresponds at least to the outer sleeve diameter plus the clearance distance between the threaded bolt and the inner sleeve surface, the nuts being able to determine the horizontal and vertical position of the threaded bolt within the sleeve. The contact surface between the sleeve and nuts is formed by washers placed over the threaded bolt. The ball socket is open at the bottom for the passage of the threaded bolt and also has an opening on the opposite side, the ball having a profiled recess in the region of this opening for inserting a holding tool, preferably an Allen key, with which the ball during the adjustment process and the Tightening the nuts is prevented from turning. The spherical shell is through two superimposed and connected sheets are formed, which are formed in opposite directions in a hemispherical shape. The ball and the threaded bolt are detachably fastened from each other. The ball is pierced, the ball held in the ball socket can be plugged with this hole onto an upper piece of a threaded bolt, which is also provided with a thread, and can be fastened with a nut.

If the spherical shells deflect, this construction can no longer be readjusted. Pre-assembly of doors that can be swapped out is also not possible, since the entire hinge would have to be unscrewed. Adjustment is also not possible since a certain clearance is specified between a sleeve and the screw bolt of the joint. The manufacturer has to make do with this tolerance. Is the bolt of the door hinge z. B. on one side, readjustment is no longer possible.

DE-GM document 76 34 814 discloses a spherical plain bearing with a ball piece and outer body, in which the sliding surface of at least the outer body is formed from a PTFE layer. The PTFE layer that forms the sliding surface is burned onto the bearing surface of the ball piece and / or of the outer body and thereby connected to it flatly. The outer body should have insertion grooves for the ball piece.

A disadvantage of this construction is that the ball has only a line contact with a cylindrical bearing sleeve. For this reason, due to the high surface pressure, no significant forces can be absorbed without causing damage due to high wear.

The DE-GM document 17 34 991 relates to a ball hinge for motor vehicle doors, the ball pin being arranged in a bearing made of self-lubricating material, such as plastic or sintered, soaked in lubricant, and the lower shell of the split, self-lubricating bearing, in which the z . B. is attached to the body fixed ball stud, is elastic and has a press bead, the lower bearing shell through the bearing closure, for. B. a retaining ring is held under tension.

In this construction, the forces resulting from tolerances and installation errors should be absorbed by a resilient element made of plastic or the like, which is correspondingly worn and deformed.

From FR-PS 25 16 582 a ball joint hinge arrangement is previously known, a box-shaped body being firmly connected by welding or the like to a screw pin projecting orthogonally to it. Another, axially offset, spherical pin at its end engages in the hollow box-shaped element and is held by a grub screw that can be screwed orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the pin carrying the ball. This construction cannot be used for motor vehicle, in particular car doors. The setting of the game and the pre-assembly of doors of this construction for motor vehicle, especially car doors, not possible.

From DE-GM document 17 54 069 a ball joint with a cable entry, in particular for lights, is already known, the ball and ball socket leading into one another with a link or groove and a sliding block or pin, such that the ball and ball socket are not rotated against one another can.

In the sense of the invention, this construction is not suitable for car or motor vehicle doors, since the hinge compensation is to take place via springs and a rotation of the ball joint is just prevented.

DE-AS 17 08 259 relates to a door hinge, in particular for motor vehicle doors, consisting of a hinge half with an upper and a lower, each having a bore projection, which fork-like comprise a bore projection of the other hinge half, the axis of rotation of which is formed by a ball inserted in the bore of the lower projection of the first hinge half, on which the projection of the second hinge half inserted with play between the two projections of the first hinge half is supported with a correspondingly shaped support, and by an upper projection of the first hinge half with the projection coupling piece connecting the second hinge half. The coupling piece should consist of an elastically compressible locking piece, which in the space between the upper projection of the first hinge half and the projection the second hinge half can be used and can be coupled with the holes in the projections. This construction cannot be used for motor vehicle and car doors because of the high manufacturing costs. Doors are not preassembled.

DE-OS 20 39 307 relates to a hinge for motor vehicle doors, in which the fixed hinge part is connected to the movable hinge part via a ball pin. At least one of the hinge parts has a swivel part which is penetrated by a single fastening means and which is connected to the vehicle door or the vehicle body via a spherical surface, the hinge being adjustable on all sides when the fastening means is released. There is no adjustment option. There is no positioning during disassembly and reassembly, in particular it is not possible to pre-assemble removable doors.

DE-OS 35 39 575 discloses a door hinge for a motor vehicle door with two hinge parts which can be moved relative to one another, at least one hinge part having an insertion opening with a fastening means running approximately horizontally in the state of use, so that a door can be mounted from the side without lifting. The hinge is intended to represent a ball-and-socket joint that is attached to a console firmly connected on the door side, with approximately vertical ball pins on both sides as threaded bolts, the insertion opening being formed by slots in two metal sheets arranged at a vertical distance, into which the threaded bolts can be inserted and with nuts are attached.

This construction appears costly because a continuous bolt is to be provided with a middle ball. The ball is surrounded by two half shells. The second hinge cannot be easily aligned and the door cannot be pre-assembled.

From DE-PS 31 37 112 a detachable door hinge for motor vehicle doors is known, consisting of a first to a door arrangement part, door or door spar, attachable, having a hinge eye and attachable to the second on the other door arrangement part, also having a hinge eye and hinge half a hinge pin which engages in the hinge eyes of both hinge halves and can be connected in a rotationally secure manner to one of the hinge eyes, over part of its length in Hinge eye of a hinge half with a seat is freely rotatable and secured in the axial direction. The hinge pin part, which engages in the attachable hinge eye, should consist of a cylindrical section and a section provided with a profiling, at least this profiling having alignment surfaces directed obliquely to the hinge axis for the counter profile of the hinge eye.

With this construction, it is not possible to compensate for misalignments, since one tab is connected to the body.

The invention has for its object to design a door according to the presupposed type such that the complete assembly of the doors can be done separately from the body and the doors can be fed and fixed to the body after the interior of the body has been set up, at lighter Possibility of adjusting the door hinges.

The object is achieved by the features set out in claim 1 .

Because the bearing arrangement in the invention is designed as a space joint, simple assembly and disassembly initially results, which also applies to outsourced doors. In this way, z. B. contrary to the previous assembly philosophy, according to which all internal parts must be assembled into the interior through the already welded or screwed doors, assemble the doors later by the fully painted and finished with glass and lifting mechanism and the like assembled doors only after the body is designed, attach to them. This means that work on the body can also be carried out more freely than was possible according to the previous assembly philosophy.

Even after any repairs or maintenance work, doors can be relatively easily reassembled and disassembled, since the room joints automatically contribute to an adjustment to the center of the hinge axis, so to speak. There are therefore no problems when using the invention more to bring the hinge axes of the bearing arrangements lying in different height ranges into alignment, ie exactly on a hinge axis. Rather, when using the invention, the forces occurring at the door automatically set the bearings on the upper and lower hinge joint, so to speak, to the center of the hinge axis.

When the invention is used, misalignments in screwed hinges are also eliminated with respect to the hinge axis.

All of this leads to a strong minimization of any reworking that would otherwise be present due to misalignment and tensions in the hinge axis for plug-in hinges.

Tuning plates or intermediate documents for the correction of the hinge axes are also unnecessary when using the invention.

When using plastic, an anti-droning effect occurs, which contributes significantly to noise reduction or noise reduction.

The construction tolerances that always occur, which significantly influence the misalignment of the hinge axes, are completely excluded by the hinge design according to the invention.

Because doors and bodies can be manufactured separately and easily joined together, separate production lines can be set up for the final assembly of the doors and the bodies, which can be expected from a higher cycle sequence, or at least a better quality.

In the invention, the bearing arrangement is provided with a ball joint. Such a configuration on a motor vehicle door, in particular on a car door, enables in an optimal manner the setting of the bearings arranged at different heights on the center of the hinge axis, so that all bearings are practically stress-free, which was practically impossible after all the bearing arrangements known to date.

In principle, self-lubricating materials, in particular PTFE, can be introduced into the corresponding surface in the form of chips, chips or particles. For example, the PTFE could be from a pipe using a chisel be separated. The chips or chips produced in this way can be brought into a vessel, mutually hooking and supporting each other, into which a hardening plastic is then introduced which contains the chips after it has hardened. As a result, new PTFE always comes out close to the surface during surface processing and / or when the ball is later stressed, so that the ball joint remains self-lubricating over the entire service life.

Basically, however, all possible, appropriate material combinations are available for the joint arrangement, e.g. B. hardened ball / hardened ball shell, or artificial ball / steel shell, or plastic ball / steel shell, or coated steel ball / steel ball shell, or steel ball pinned to a bolt, cast / bronze pairs.

Instead of the spherical shell, a hollow cone could also be used, although in this case, in connection with a ball, punctiform or linear contact could occur on the cone, which results in increased wear.

The hinge bolts can be attached to all material pairs and all constructions if necessary by a press fit, or by gluing and preloadable disc springs, circlips etc.

The sealing by insert rings can be used in all constructions, e.g. B. by rubber, plastic or other materials.

The union nut could also be fastened using clamping rings, spring steel, etc.

Claims 2 and 3 describe advantageous embodiments of the invention.

Fig. 1

eine Türscharniergelenkanordnung bei einem Pkw, teils in der Ansicht, teils im Schnitt;

Fig. 2

eine Ansicht in Richtung des Pfeiles "R" in Fig. 1 und

Fig. 3

eine Ansicht in Richtung des Pfeiles "S" in Fig. 1.

In the drawing, the invention is illustrated - partly schematically - using an exemplary embodiment. Show it:

Fig. 1

a door hinge joint arrangement in a car, partly in view, partly in section;

Fig. 2

a view in the direction of arrow "R" in Fig. 1 and

Fig. 3

a view in the direction of arrow "S" in Fig. 1st

With the reference number 1 z. B. denotes an A or B post of a motor vehicle body, on the outside of which one leg 2 of a hinge bracket 3 fits snugly and is screwed by two hexagon screws 4, each of which is screwed into a square nut 5 and each in a cover 6 in Interior 7 of the post 1 are arranged. The nuts 5, like the hexagon screws 4, can be arranged to be displaceable by a limited amount in the direction D or E (FIG. 2) of the double arrow. For this purpose, the bore through which the respective hexagon screw 4 extends can be designed as an elongated hole (not shown). This arrangement can also be omitted if necessary. In this way, the center line 8 is arranged to be adjustable by a limited amount in the direction D or E.

A door is identified by reference number 9. A leg 11 of a hinge bracket 12 lies flat on an inner surface 10. The leg 11 is penetrated by two hexagon screws 13, the threaded bolts 14 in in each case a square nut 15 is screwed in, which is arranged in a cover 16 inside the door 9. The threaded bolt 14 is arranged to be displaceable by a limited amount in the direction G or H. For this purpose, the holes through which the threaded bolt 14 extends can be designed as elongated holes (not shown). In this way, the center line 17 can a limited amount in the direction G bwz. Adjust H.

At 18 the front surface of door 9 is shown.

1 that two door hinges with their bearing arrangements are arranged one above the other with vertical spacing, which are configured identically in the embodiment shown, so that it suffices below to describe only one of these door hinge joint arrangements. The same reference numerals have been used for parts with the same function for the other door hinge.

As can be seen from the drawing, the hinge bracket 3 has a bearing sleeve 19 which has a cylindrical bore 20 penetrating it and is penetrated by a bolt 21 which is at its lower end portion is provided with thread 22. The bolt 21 emerges downward from the bearing sleeve 19 by a certain length. A hexagon nut 23, which bears against the lower end face 24 of the bearing sleeve 19, is screwed onto this threaded section which protrudes from the sleeve 19.

At its length section opposed to the thread 22, which protrudes upward from the bearing sleeve 19, the bolt 21 is provided with a ball joint socket 25 which is molded onto the material.

The hinge bracket 12 also has a cylindrical bearing sleeve 26 which is coaxially penetrated by a cylindrical bore 27. A cylindrical bolt 28 also extends through the bore 27 and is provided at its upper end portion with thread 29, onto which a hexagon nut 30 is screwed against the upper end face 31 of the bearing sleeve 26.

With the lower end of the cylindrical bolt 28, an enlarged head 32 is integrally formed in one piece, with which a ball 33 is also integrally formed in one piece. The ball 33 and the ball joint socket 25 together form a suitable ball joint.

The ball 33 is enclosed by a union nut 34 which is screwed onto the thread 35 of the ball joint socket 25.

The union nut 34 has at its upper end section facing the enlarged head 32 a conical extension 36, in which a rubber seal 37 is arranged to protect the ball joint and is flush with the upper, outer end face of the union nut 34. After adjusting the hinge arrangement, the thread 35 is tightened by a suitable means, e.g. B. secured by "Loctite" or in some other way.

The center lines of the two bolts 21 and 28 are arranged coaxially to one another. In addition, the center point of the ball joint lies on this common center line, which coincides with the center hinge axis 38 (FIG. 1).

Since the lower door hinge is designed in exactly the same way as the upper one, the two ball joints can always adjust to the center of the hinge axis 38.

In the embodiment shown, it is e.g. B. the respective upper bolt 28 possible to adjust on both sides of the center hinge axes 38 by an angle α of 8 degrees.

The diameter of the ball can e.g. B. 15 mm.

In all cases, the door hinges remain free of tension, since the two ball joints always adjust automatically to the center of the hinge axis 38 according to the forces which occur, so that extensive adjustment or adjustment work, including bending of the door joint arrangement, is completely unnecessary.

The invention is not limited to the number of door hinges shown in the drawing. Rather, e.g. B. the number of door hinges may be greater than two.

The features described in the abstract, in the patent claims and in the description, as well as evident from the drawing, can be essential for realizing the invention both individually and in any combination.

bibliography

DE-AS 17 08 259
DE-OS 20 39 307
DE-OS 35 39 575
DE-PS 35 39 276
DE-PS 31 37 112
DE-GM 76 34 814
DE-GM 17 34 991
DE-GM 17 54 069
FR-PS 25 16 582

Reference symbol list

1

Posts A, B

2nd

leg

3rd

Hinge tab

4th

Hex bolt

5

Square nut

6

cover

7

Interior

8th

Center line

9

door

10th

Inner surface

11

leg

12

Hinge tab

13

Hex bolt

14

Threaded bolt

15

Square nut

16

cover

17th

Center line

18th

Front surface of the door 9

19th

Bearing sleeve

20th

Bore, cylindrical

21

bolt

22

thread

23

Hex nut

24th

Front, lower

25th

Ball joint socket

26

Bearing sleeve, cylindrical

27th

Bore, cylindrical

28

Bolt, cylindrical

29

thread

30th

Hex nut

31

Front, upper

32

Head, enlarged

33

Bullet

34

Cap nut

35

thread

36

Enlargement, conical

37

Rubber seal

38

Center hinge axis

A

post

B

post

C.

post

D

Displacement direction

E

Displacement direction

G

Displacement direction

H

Displacement direction

α

angle

Claims (3)

Motor vehicle, in particular car door, with door hinges and bearing arrangements using ball joints, the door hinges essentially consisting of two hinge brackets, one leg of which is attached to a body post and the other leg of the other hinge bracket to the door, and both hinge brackets are interconnected by a hinge pin, with which the ball of the ball joint in question is integrally connected, characterized in that a) the - lower - tab (3) of the door hinge has a cylindrical bearing sleeve (19); b) the bearing sleeve is coaxially penetrated by a cylindrical bolt (21) which is provided with a thread (22) at its lower end and here carries a nut with which the bolt (21) against the lower end face (24) of the bearing sleeve ( 19) is secured; c) the bolt (21) has at its upper end a ball joint socket (25) which is provided with threads (35) on its outer periphery; d) the other hinge bracket (12) also has a cylindrical bearing sleeve (26) which is coaxially penetrated by a bolt (28) which is provided at its upper end with a thread (29) on which a nut (30) is screwed , with which the bolt (28) can be locked against the upper end face (31) of the bearing sleeve (26); e) the bolt (28) has at its lower end section in one piece a ball (33) which is arranged in the ball joint socket (25); f) the ball (33) is held by a union nut (34) in the ball joint socket (25); g) the door hinge below or above it is designed and arranged in such a way that its hinge parts automatically adjust to the center of the hinge axis (38); h) the complete assembly of the doors (9) takes place separately from the body; i) after setting up the interior of the body, the doors (9) can be fed and fastened to the body. Door according to claim 1, characterized in that the union nut (34) has a conical extension at its upper end, in which a rubber seal (37) is arranged, which seals the ball joint outward in a dirt-tight manner. Door according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the legs (2, 11) of the door hinges are screwed or welded to the post (1) or to the door (9).

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