EP0448657B1 - Flat-extrusion process for the production of wood products bonded with inorganic or organic binders, in particular laminated panels - Google Patents

Flat-extrusion process for the production of wood products bonded with inorganic or organic binders, in particular laminated panels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0448657B1
EP0448657B1 EP90913063A EP90913063A EP0448657B1 EP 0448657 B1 EP0448657 B1 EP 0448657B1 EP 90913063 A EP90913063 A EP 90913063A EP 90913063 A EP90913063 A EP 90913063A EP 0448657 B1 EP0448657 B1 EP 0448657B1
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Prior art keywords
press
belts
batch
shaft
discharge
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EP90913063A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0448657A1 (en
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Volker Thole
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B5/00—Presses characterised by the use of pressing means other than those mentioned in the preceding groups
    • B30B5/04—Presses characterised by the use of pressing means other than those mentioned in the preceding groups wherein the pressing means is in the form of an endless band
    • B30B5/06—Presses characterised by the use of pressing means other than those mentioned in the preceding groups wherein the pressing means is in the form of an endless band co-operating with another endless band
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/24—Moulding or pressing characterised by using continuously acting presses having endless belts or chains moved within the compression zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/52—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles from mixtures containing fibres, e.g. asbestos cement
    • B28B1/526—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles from mixtures containing fibres, e.g. asbestos cement by delivering the materials on a conveyor of the endless-belt type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B5/00—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in, or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping
    • B28B5/02—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in, or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping on conveyors of the endless-belt or chain type
    • B28B5/026—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in, or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping on conveyors of the endless-belt or chain type the shaped articles being of indefinite length

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing organically bound wood-based materials and to a device for carrying it out.
  • a feed device for wood chips to a vertical extrusion press is known.
  • the bulk material is compressed perpendicular to its transport direction due to the narrowing of the feed zone.
  • the glued wood chips are fed in via a storage container, which is arranged above the press.
  • the glued wood chips are simply poured into the extrusion press. Then they pass through a conically tapering zone and a subsequent, preferably heated zone in which the press belts run parallel to one another.
  • the extrusion press intended for this is arranged vertically. At the exit of the press, which also runs vertically, the finished wood materials are removed. It is the production of organically bound wood materials.
  • the length of a holding unit required to maintain the dimension of the setting plates, i.e. A calibration press therefore results from the total hydration period and is directly related to the start of hydration. The earlier the start of hydration can begin, the shorter the calibration press can be executed, or the higher the feed rate can be selected. For scattering stations arranged one behind the other, there are limits to the rapid start of hydration for design reasons, i.e. the hydration starts later, the total hydration takes longer and the calibration unit also has to be carried out longer. The usual press lengths would be about 50m.
  • extrusion processes are also known in which the pressing pressure is exerted parallel to the plate plane in such a way that the wood chips are continuously pressed through a heated strand or channel with a rectangular or differently shaped cross section and the wood chipboard is formed in the process.
  • This process is a so-called Okal process, (in e.g. Franz Kollmann, Holzspannwerkstoffe, page 5 / 9ff).
  • the chips are metered into a vertical press channel and compressed by a cyclically working stamp. Wander through the chips compacted in this way a heated molding channel, the length of which is so determined that the chips are glued sufficiently well.
  • the pressing times are relatively short, since the chips are glued together on the surface due to the heat development.
  • the strength thus achieved means that the setting process need not proceed to the middle of the plate.
  • the amount of heat stored on the plate surface is sufficient to cause the plate to bond to the plate core after leaving the press.
  • an additional device, a stamp has to be used, that the friction between the lining of the channel and the fleece sometimes reaches higher values than desired, and the chip orientation of the plates produced in the Okal process is vertical runs to the plate level, which results in low bending strength of the plates produced.
  • the object of the invention is to design a generic method and the device required to carry out the method so that the system can be made very compact and short while at the same time achieving high bending strength of the plates produced.
  • the mixing and spreading units are arranged in such a way that a simultaneous input of the batch (s) into the shaft is ensured.
  • the mixing and spreading units are preferably arranged in parallel or one above the other. It follows that, particularly in the production of multi-layer. Plates, in contrast to an arrangement of the mixing and spreading units one behind the other, the hydration can be used for all layers at the same time. In the case of inorganic binders, in particular gypsum, the hydration begins with the addition of the water of hydration. If the hydration starts quickly after the addition of all the necessary batches, for example in the production of multi-layer plates of various components, it is completed more quickly.
  • the hydration process has a direct impact on the process control: Either the subsequent calibration device can be made much shorter or the displacement speed can be selected higher.
  • the economic viability of such a process is very high.
  • the high flexural strength of the chipboard produced is achieved according to the present invention in that the nonwoven is compressed above the board level. Due to the conical design of the shaft formed by the rotating press belts or press plate belts, the fleece is compacted in the vertical section of the press. The compression is essential for chip orientation.
  • the chips / fibers can be pre-oriented by pre-compaction in the board level. The orientation remains the stronger, the higher the cohesion of the batch is and the smaller the drop height can be chosen.
  • the subsequent compaction over the plate level significantly supports the alignment of the chips in the plate level, since the individual chips try to offer the least resistance to the pressing pressure.
  • This chip orientation ensures a high bending strength perpendicular to the plate level.
  • a section adjoins the conically tapering shaft section in which the press belts or press plate belts run parallel to one another and are at a distance from one another which corresponds to the thickness of the finished plate strand.
  • the fleece is cured in the subsequent calibration device.
  • the inventive method can also be used to produce materials with a spatial shape. This can e.g. by using a divided press belt, which is adjustable in segments. The process can be effectively supported by pouring the fleece into the desired shape.
  • the angle of inclination and the distance between the press parts are variable.
  • the press parts can be equipped with heat supply or heat dissipation devices. The cooling of the press parts then makes sense if the solubility of dihydrate to water is to be increased during the process.
  • An alternating feed of the press belts or the press plate belts supports the pulling behavior of the fleece into the press.
  • the ejection devices are arranged so as to oscillate around its center line.
  • the batches can be sprinkled on the press parts and not directly in the shaft. This is particularly advantageous if multi-layer wood-based materials are to be manufactured.
  • a coating e.g. Film, already run into the shaft on both sides or on one side before compaction with the fleece. It is also possible to apply a coating in front of the calibration device, which then also supplies the required contact pressure.
  • the device according to the invention consists of mixing and / or spreading devices 1, a compression unit 2 and a calibration device 3.
  • the intensive mixers 4 and 5 the mixture of wood chips and binders for the cover layers, in the intensive mixer 6 that for the middle layer.
  • the spreading stations 7, 8, 9 have the task of following Discharge belts 10, 11, 12 form a uniform chip fleece.
  • the fleece formed is sprinkled into the conical shaft formed by the circumferential press belts 13 and 14, the respective layers being formed by the position of the discharge belts 10, 11, 12 (the arrows indicate the direction of movement of the discharge belts).
  • the rotating press belts 13 and 14, which are arranged around the rollers 15, have support rollers 16.
  • the length of the vertical section A of the conical shaft B can be dimensioned such that the deflection and thus the beginning of the horizontal section of the press, ie the parallel course of the press belts 13, 14 begins with the start of stiffening.
  • the batch entered into the conical shaft is deflected by the circulating, endless press belts 13 and 14 during transport.
  • the binder is hydrated in the following calibration device 3.
  • the separation between the compression and calibration device shown in this example is not absolutely necessary. These two sections can be enclosed by a single band.
  • the mixing and discharge device 1 can also consist of a mixer, e.g. Mixer 8 and only one discharge belt, e.g. Discharge belt 11, which oscillates around the center line of the shaft (A, B), exist.
  • a mixer e.g. Mixer 8
  • only one discharge belt e.g. Discharge belt 11, which oscillates around the center line of the shaft (A, B), exist.
  • FIG. 2 shows another variant of the device according to the invention, in which the press belts 14 and 13 are guided over two rollers 15 in their upper region adjoining the spreading and mixing devices 1, so that they form a surface for the spreading of the fleece .
  • This design is particularly suitable for the production of multilayer plates, in particular when a discharge belt 17 is additionally provided, by means of which a third component of the batch, which is scattered into the center of the shaft B, can be input.
  • the system is only started up when the vertical section of the press has been filled.
  • the press belts or press plate belts stand still until the shaft is filled.
  • the advantage of the method according to the invention is that the parallel arrangement of the mixing and spreading devices 1 allow binder to be processed with very short hydration times, so that the overall length of a calibration device 3 can be considerably reduced.
  • An estimate of the required length of a calibration device at a press belt speed of 5 m / min is given here as an example.
  • the length of the calibration device should therefore be 260 seconds (390 ./. 130 - 260).
  • the calibration time is 22m at a feed rate of 5m / p min. Compared to the usual calibration presses, the length of which is about 50 m, this means a considerable reduction in overall length with the same capacity. The economic viability of such a system is considerable.

Abstract

Described is a flat-extrusion process for the production of, in particular, laminated wood panels, and a device for carrying out the process. The process comprises the following steps: the mixture is fed through mixing/dispersal equipment (1) into a vertical, conically tapering shaft (A, B) formed by moving presser belts (13, 14); the mixture is compressed by the conical shape of the shaft (B) and over the following distance (C) during which the presser belts are disposed parallel to each other and a distance apart equal to the thickness of the extruded panel; the extruded panel is allowed to harden over the following sizing stage (3).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von organisch gebundenen Holzwerkstoffen sowie eine Einrichtung zu dessen Durchführung.The invention relates to a method for producing organically bound wood-based materials and to a device for carrying it out.

Aus der DD-PS 29 187 ist eine Zuführungseinrichtung für Holzspäne zu einer vertikalen Strangpresse bekannt. Dabei erfolgt die Verdichtung des Schüttgutes senkrecht zu dessen Transportrichtung infolge der Verengung der Zuführungszone. Die Zuführung der beleimten Holzspäne geschieht über einen Vorratsbehälter, welcher über der Presse angeordnet ist. Die beleimten Holzspäne werden einfach in die Strangpresse eingeschüttet. Danach durchlaufen sie eine sich kegelförmig verjüngende Zone und eine anschließende, vorzugsweise beheizte Zone in der die pressbänder parallel zueinander verlaufen. Die hierfür vorgesehene Strangpresse ist vertikal angeordnet. Am Ausgang der Presse, welcher ebenfalls vertikal verläuft, werden die fertigen Holzwerkstoffe abgenommen. Es handelt sich hierbei um die Herstellung von organisch gebundenen Holzwerkstoffen.From DD-PS 29 187 a feed device for wood chips to a vertical extrusion press is known. The bulk material is compressed perpendicular to its transport direction due to the narrowing of the feed zone. The glued wood chips are fed in via a storage container, which is arranged above the press. The glued wood chips are simply poured into the extrusion press. Then they pass through a conically tapering zone and a subsequent, preferably heated zone in which the press belts run parallel to one another. The extrusion press intended for this is arranged vertically. At the exit of the press, which also runs vertically, the finished wood materials are removed. It is the production of organically bound wood materials.

Daneben sind kontinuierliche Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Herstellung von Werkstoffen aus cellulosehaltigen und/oder lignocellulosehaltigen Stoffen unter Zugabe von Bindemitteln bekannt. In der Regel wird hierbei ein Gemenge aus Teilchen, Bindemitteln und Zusatzstoffen auf ein waagerechtes, mit entsprechender Geschwindigkeit umlaufendes Band gestreut und anschließend verdichtet.In addition, continuous processes and devices for the production of materials from cellulose-containing and / or lignocellulose-containing substances with the addition of binders are known. As a rule, a mixture of particles, binders and additives is sprinkled on a horizontal belt rotating at the appropriate speed and then compacted.

Nach diesem Prinzip arbeiten z.B. Siempelkamp-Contiroll Pressen oder Küsters Pressen. Bei diesem Flachpreßverfahren wirkt der Preßdruck zum Verdichten des Vlieses senkrecht zur Plattenebene. Die Herstellung von Holzspanplatten nach diesem Verfahren erfolgt kontinuierlich. Die zur Herstellung mehrschichtiger Platten erforderlichen Streu- und Mischstationen sind hintereinander angeordnet. Im Anschluß an die Verdichtung muß bei Gipsbindemitteln die Platte solange in der Kalibrierpresse verbleiben, bis die Hydratation weitgehend abgeschlossen ist. Aufgrund spezifischer Hydratationsverhältnisse bei Gipsbindemitteln beginnt die Hydratation mit Zugabe des Hydratationswassers. Zwischen dem Hydratationsbeginn und der gesamten Hydratationszeit bestehen enge Zusammenhänge. Sie gestalten sich ungefähr so, daß die gesamte Hydratationszeit dreimal so lange ist, wie die Zeit bis zum Versteifungsbeginn. Daraus folgt, daß ein schnelleres Einsetzen der Hydratation, auch eine kürzere Hydratationsdauer bedeutet. Die Länge einer zur Dimensionserhaltung der abbindenden Platten erforderlichen Halteeinheit, d.h. einer Kalibrierpresse ergibt sich also aus der Gesamthydratationsdauer und steht in einem unmittelbaren Zusammenhang mit dem Hydratationsbeginn. Je früher der Hydratationsbeginn einsetzen kann, desto kürzer kann die Kalibrierpresse ausgeführt werden, bzw. desto höher kann die Vorschubgeschwindigkeit gewählt werden. Bei hintereinander angeordneten Streustationen sind dem schnellen Hydrationsbeginn aus Konstruktionsgründen Schranken gesetzt, d.h. die Hydratation beginnt später, die Gesamthydratation dauert länger und die Kalibriereinheit muß auch länger ausgeführt werden. Die gewöhnlichen Pressenlängen würden etwa 50m betragen.This principle works e.g. Siempelkamp-Contiroll presses or Küsters presses. In this flat pressing process, the pressing pressure for compressing the fleece acts perpendicular to the plate plane. The production of chipboard using this process is carried out continuously. The spreading and mixing stations required for the production of multilayer plates are arranged one behind the other. After compression, the plasterboard must remain in the calibration press for gypsum binders until the hydration is largely completed. Due to the specific hydration conditions of gypsum binders, the hydration begins with the addition of the hydration water. There are close correlations between the start of hydration and the entire hydration period. They are designed approximately in such a way that the total hydration time is three times as long as the time until the start of stiffening. It follows that a faster onset of hydration also means a shorter hydration period. The length of a holding unit required to maintain the dimension of the setting plates, i.e. A calibration press therefore results from the total hydration period and is directly related to the start of hydration. The earlier the start of hydration can begin, the shorter the calibration press can be executed, or the higher the feed rate can be selected. For scattering stations arranged one behind the other, there are limits to the rapid start of hydration for design reasons, i.e. the hydration starts later, the total hydration takes longer and the calibration unit also has to be carried out longer. The usual press lengths would be about 50m.

Neben diesen kontinuierlichen Flachpreßverfahren sind auch Strangpreßverfahren bekannt, bei denen der Preßdruck parallel zur Plattenebene in der Weise ausgeübt wird, daß die Holzspäne kontinuierlich durch einen beheitzten Strang oder Kanal mit rechteckigem oder anders geformten Querschnitt gepreßt werden und dabei die Holzspanplatte entsteht. Dieses Verfahren ist ein sogenanntes Okalverfahren, (in z.B. Franz Kollmann, Holzspannwerkstoffe, Seite 5/9ff). Bei diesem Verfahren werden die Späne dosiert in einen senkrechten Preßkanal eingebracht und durch einen taktweise arbeitenden Stempel verdichtet. Die so verdichteten Späne durchwandern einen beheizten Formkanal, dessen Länge so bestimmt ist, daß die Späne ausreichend gut verleimt werden. Die Preßzeiten sind verhältnismäßig kurz, da durch die Wärmeentwicklung die Späne an der Oberfläche miteinander verleimt werden. Die damit erreichte Festigkeit erlaubt es, daß der Abbindungsprozeß nicht bis zur Mitte der Platte vorzuschreiten braucht. Die sich an der Plattenoberfläche speichernde Wärmemenge reicht aus, um die Abbindung der Platte bis zum Plattenkern nach Verlassen der Presse zu bewirken. Bei diesem Verfahren ist, trotz der relativ kurzen Preßzeiten nachteilig, daß mit einer zusätzlichen Einrichtung, einem Stempel gearbeitet werden muß, daß die Reibung zwischen der Auskleidung des Kanals und dem Vlies manchmal höhere Werte erreicht als gewünscht und die Spanorientierung der im Okalverfahren hergestellten Platten senkrecht zur Plattenebene verläuft, was geringe Biegefestigkeiten der hergestellten Platten nach sich zieht.In addition to these continuous flat pressing processes, extrusion processes are also known in which the pressing pressure is exerted parallel to the plate plane in such a way that the wood chips are continuously pressed through a heated strand or channel with a rectangular or differently shaped cross section and the wood chipboard is formed in the process. This process is a so-called Okal process, (in e.g. Franz Kollmann, Holzspannwerkstoffe, page 5 / 9ff). In this process, the chips are metered into a vertical press channel and compressed by a cyclically working stamp. Wander through the chips compacted in this way a heated molding channel, the length of which is so determined that the chips are glued sufficiently well. The pressing times are relatively short, since the chips are glued together on the surface due to the heat development. The strength thus achieved means that the setting process need not proceed to the middle of the plate. The amount of heat stored on the plate surface is sufficient to cause the plate to bond to the plate core after leaving the press. In this process, despite the relatively short pressing times, it is disadvantageous that an additional device, a stamp, has to be used, that the friction between the lining of the channel and the fleece sometimes reaches higher values than desired, and the chip orientation of the plates produced in the Okal process is vertical runs to the plate level, which results in low bending strength of the plates produced.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren und die zur Durchführung des Verfahrens erforderliche Einrichtung so auszugestalten, daß die Anlage sehr kompakt und kurz ausgeführt werden kann bei gleichzeitiger Erreichung hoher Biegefestigkeit der hergestellten Platten.The object of the invention is to design a generic method and the device required to carry out the method so that the system can be made very compact and short while at the same time achieving high bending strength of the plates produced.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 1 und 4 gelöst. Die Unteransprüche geben vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen an.This object is solved by the features of claims 1 and 4. The subclaims indicate advantageous further developments.

Der Einsatz einer relativ kurzen Kalibriervorrichtung wird bei der vorliegenden Erfindung dadurch erreicht, daß die Misch- und Streuaggregate so angeordnet sind, daß eine gleichzeitige Eingabe des/der Gemenge in den Schacht gewährleistet ist. Hierzu sind die Misch- und Streuaggregate vorzugsweise parallel oder übereinander angeordnet. Hieraus folgt, daß insbesondere bei der Herstellung mehrschichtiger. Platten, im Gegensatz zu einer Anordnung der Misch- und Streuaggregate hintereinander die Hydratation für alle Schichten zeitgleich einsetzten kann. Bei anorganischen Bindemitteln, insbesondere bei Gips, beginnt die Hydratation mit der Zugabe des Hydratationswassers. Wenn die Hydratation nach Zugabe von allen erforderlichen Gemenge, z.B. bei Herstellung von mehrschichtigen Platten verschiedener Bestandteile, schnell einsetzt, so ist sie auch schneller abgeschlossen. Dieser Verlauf des Hydratationsprozesses hat direkte Auswirkungen auf die Prozeßführung: Entweder kann die anschließende Kalibriervorrichtung wesentlich kürzer ausgeführt werden oder die Verschubgeschwindigkeit höher gewählt werden. Die Wirtschaftlichkeit eines solchen Verfahrens ist sehr hoch. Die hohe Biegefestigkeit der hergestellten Spanplatten wird gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung dadurch erreicht, daß die Verdichtung des Vlieses über die Plattenebene erfolgt. Durch die konische Ausbildung des durch die umlaufenden Preßbänder oder Preßplattenbänder gebildeten Schachtes wird das Vlies in dem senkrechten Abschnitt der Presse verdichtet. Die Verdichtung ist für die Spanorientierung wesentlich. Zusätzlich können die Späne/Fasern durch eine Vorverdichtung in der Plattenebene vororientiert werden. Die Orientierung bleibt umso stärker erhalten, je höher der Zusammenhalt des Gemenges ausgeprägt ist und je kleiner die Fallhöhe gewählt werden kann. Durch die anschließende Verdichtung über die Plattenebene wird die Ausrichtung der Späne in der Plattenebene wesentlich unterstützt, da die einzelnen Späne dem Preßdruck den geringsten Widerstand entgegenzusetzen versuchen. Durch diese Spanorientierung wird eine hohe Biegefestigkeit rechtwinklig zur Plattenebene erreicht. An den konisch zulaufenden Schachtabschnitt schließt sich ein Abschnitt an, bei dem die Preßbänder oder Preßplattenbänder parallel zueinander verlaufen und einen Abstand zueinander aufweisen, der der Dicke des fertigen Plattenstranges entspricht. Die Aushärtung des Vlieses erfolgt in der anschließenden Kalibriervorrichtung.The use of a relatively short calibration device is achieved in the present invention in that the mixing and spreading units are arranged in such a way that a simultaneous input of the batch (s) into the shaft is ensured. For this purpose, the mixing and spreading units are preferably arranged in parallel or one above the other. It follows that, particularly in the production of multi-layer. Plates, in contrast to an arrangement of the mixing and spreading units one behind the other, the hydration can be used for all layers at the same time. In the case of inorganic binders, in particular gypsum, the hydration begins with the addition of the water of hydration. If the hydration starts quickly after the addition of all the necessary batches, for example in the production of multi-layer plates of various components, it is completed more quickly. This course of the The hydration process has a direct impact on the process control: Either the subsequent calibration device can be made much shorter or the displacement speed can be selected higher. The economic viability of such a process is very high. The high flexural strength of the chipboard produced is achieved according to the present invention in that the nonwoven is compressed above the board level. Due to the conical design of the shaft formed by the rotating press belts or press plate belts, the fleece is compacted in the vertical section of the press. The compression is essential for chip orientation. In addition, the chips / fibers can be pre-oriented by pre-compaction in the board level. The orientation remains the stronger, the higher the cohesion of the batch is and the smaller the drop height can be chosen. The subsequent compaction over the plate level significantly supports the alignment of the chips in the plate level, since the individual chips try to offer the least resistance to the pressing pressure. This chip orientation ensures a high bending strength perpendicular to the plate level. A section adjoins the conically tapering shaft section in which the press belts or press plate belts run parallel to one another and are at a distance from one another which corresponds to the thickness of the finished plate strand. The fleece is cured in the subsequent calibration device.

Eine Egalisierung des Vlieses unterstützt die günstige Spanorientierung in der fertigen Platte. Mit dem erfinderischen Verfahren können auch Werkstoffe mit räumlicher Formgebung hergestellt werden. Dieses kann z.B. durch den Einsatz eines unterteilten Preßbandes, welches segmentweise verstellbar ist, geschehen. Der Vorgang kann wirksam durch die Schüttung des Vlieses in die gewünschte Form unterstützt werden.Leveling the fleece supports the favorable chip orientation in the finished panel. The inventive method can also be used to produce materials with a spatial shape. This can e.g. by using a divided press belt, which is adjustable in segments. The process can be effectively supported by pouring the fleece into the desired shape.

Der Neigungswinkel sowie der Abstand der Pressenteile, d.h. der Preßbänder oder Preßglattenbänder zueinander ist variabel. Die Pressenteile können mit Wärmezu- oder Wärmeabfuhreinrichtungen ausgestattet sein. Die Kühlung der Pressenteile ist dann sinnvoll, wenn die Löslichkeit von Dihydrat zu Wasser während des Prozesses erhöht werden soll.The angle of inclination and the distance between the press parts, ie the press belts or smooth press belts, are variable. The press parts can be equipped with heat supply or heat dissipation devices. The cooling of the press parts then makes sense if the solubility of dihydrate to water is to be increased during the process.

Ein alternierender Vorschub der Preßbänder, bzw. der Preßplattenbänder unterstützt das Einzugsverhalten des Vlieses in die Presse.An alternating feed of the press belts or the press plate belts supports the pulling behavior of the fleece into the press.

Um eine gleichmäßige Einbringung des Gemenges/der Gemenge in den Schacht zu gewährleisten, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Abwurfvorrichtungen um dessen Mittellinie pendelnd angeordnent sind.In order to ensure a uniform introduction of the batch / batch into the shaft, it is advantageous if the ejection devices are arranged so as to oscillate around its center line.

Die Gemenge können auf die Pressenteile und nicht in den Schacht direkt gestreut werden. Dies ist besonders dann von Vorteil, wenn mehrschichtige Holzwerkstoffe hergestellt werden sollen. Auch kann eine Beschichtung, wie z.B. Folie, bereits in den Schacht beid- oder einseitig vor der Verdichtung mit dem Vlies einlaufen. Ebenso ist das Aufbringen einer Beschichtung vor der Kalibriervorrichtung möglich, diese liefert dann auch den erforderlichen Anpreßdruck.The batches can be sprinkled on the press parts and not directly in the shaft. This is particularly advantageous if multi-layer wood-based materials are to be manufactured. A coating, e.g. Film, already run into the shaft on both sides or on one side before compaction with the fleece. It is also possible to apply a coating in front of the calibration device, which then also supplies the required contact pressure.

In den nachfolgenden Zeichnungen ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt.An exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown in the following drawings.

Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine schematische Darstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung , wobei die Gemenge direkt in den Schacht gestreut werden.
Figur 2
eine schematische Darstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung mit Streuung des Gemenges auf die Preßbänder.
Figur 3
eine schematische Darstellung der Span-/Faserorientierung während des Preßvorganges und in der fertigen Platte.
Show it:
Figure 1
a schematic representation of the device according to the invention, the batches being scattered directly into the shaft.
Figure 2
is a schematic representation of the device according to the invention with scattering of the batch on the press belts.
Figure 3
is a schematic representation of the chip / fiber orientation during the pressing process and in the finished plate.

Die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung besteht aus Misch- und/oder Streuvorrichtungen 1, einem Verdichtungsaggregat 2 und einer Kalibriervorrichtung 3. In den Intensivmischern 4 und 5 wird das Gemenge aus Holzspänen und Bindemitteln für die Deckschichten, in dem Intensivmischer 6 das für die Mittelschicht erzeugt. Die Streustationen 7, 8, 9 haben die Aufgabe, auf den nachfolgenden Abwurfbändern 10, 11, 12 ein gleichmäßiges Spänevlies auszubilden. Das gebildete Vlies wird in den durch die umlaufenden Preßbänder 13 und 14 gebildeten konischen Schacht eingestreut, wobei durch die Lage der Abwurfbänder 10, 11, 12 (die Pfeile geben die Bewegungsrichtung der Abwurfbänder an) die jeweiligen Schichten gebildet werden. Die umlaufenden Preßbänder 13 und 14, die um die Rollen 15 angeordnet sind, weisen Stützrollen 16 auf. Die Länge des vertikalen Abschnittes A des konischen Schachtes B kann so bemessen werden, daß die Umlenkung und damit der Beginn des horizontalen Abschnittes der Presse, d.h. des parallelen Verlaufes der Preßbänder 13, 14 mit dem Versteifungsbeginn anfängt. Das in den konischen Schacht eingegebene Gemenge wird während des Transportes durch die umlaufenden, endlosen Preßbänder 13 und 14 umgelenkt. In der nachfolgenden Kalibriervorrichtung 3 erfolgt die Hydratation des Bindemittels. Die in diesem Beispiel dargestellte Trennung zwischen der Verdichtungs- und Kalibriervorrichtung ist nicht zwingend erforderlich. Diese beiden Abschnitte können durch ein einziges Band umschlossen werden.The device according to the invention consists of mixing and / or spreading devices 1, a compression unit 2 and a calibration device 3. In the intensive mixers 4 and 5, the mixture of wood chips and binders for the cover layers, in the intensive mixer 6 that for the middle layer. The spreading stations 7, 8, 9 have the task of following Discharge belts 10, 11, 12 form a uniform chip fleece. The fleece formed is sprinkled into the conical shaft formed by the circumferential press belts 13 and 14, the respective layers being formed by the position of the discharge belts 10, 11, 12 (the arrows indicate the direction of movement of the discharge belts). The rotating press belts 13 and 14, which are arranged around the rollers 15, have support rollers 16. The length of the vertical section A of the conical shaft B can be dimensioned such that the deflection and thus the beginning of the horizontal section of the press, ie the parallel course of the press belts 13, 14 begins with the start of stiffening. The batch entered into the conical shaft is deflected by the circulating, endless press belts 13 and 14 during transport. The binder is hydrated in the following calibration device 3. The separation between the compression and calibration device shown in this example is not absolutely necessary. These two sections can be enclosed by a single band.

Die Misch- und Abwurfvorrichtung 1 kann auch aus einem Mischer, z.B. Mischer 8 und nur einem Abwurfband, z.B. Abwurfband 11, das um die Mittellinie des Schachtes (A, B) pendelt, bestehen.The mixing and discharge device 1 can also consist of a mixer, e.g. Mixer 8 and only one discharge belt, e.g. Discharge belt 11, which oscillates around the center line of the shaft (A, B), exist.

In Figur 2 ist eine andere Variante der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung dargestellt, in der die Preßbänder 14 und 13 in ihrem oberen, an die Streu- und Mischvorrichtungen 1 anschließendem Bereich über zwei Rollen 15 geführt sind, so daß sie eine Fläche für die Streuung des Vlieses bilden. Diese Bauweise eignet sich besonders zur Herstellung von mehrschichtigen Platten, insbesondere dann, wenn zusätzlich noch ein Abwurfband 17 vorgesehen ist, mittels welchen eine Dritte, in die Mitte des Schachtes B gestreute, Komponente des Gemenges eingegeben werden kann.FIG. 2 shows another variant of the device according to the invention, in which the press belts 14 and 13 are guided over two rollers 15 in their upper region adjoining the spreading and mixing devices 1, so that they form a surface for the spreading of the fleece . This design is particularly suitable for the production of multilayer plates, in particular when a discharge belt 17 is additionally provided, by means of which a third component of the batch, which is scattered into the center of the shaft B, can be input.

Das Anfahren der Anlage erfolgt immer erst dann, wenn der vertikale Abschnitt der Presse gefüllt ist. Bis zur Füllung des Schachtes stehen die Preßbänder oder Preßplattenbänder still.The system is only started up when the vertical section of the press has been filled. The press belts or press plate belts stand still until the shaft is filled.

Der Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens besteht darin, daß sich durch die parallele Anordnung der Misch- und Streuvorrichtungen 1 Bindemittel mit sehr kurzen Hydratationszeiten verarbeiten lassen, so daß die Baulänge einer Kalibriervorrichtung 3 erheblich vermindert werden kann. Exemplarisch sei hier eine Abschätzung der erforderlichen Länge einer Kalibriervorrichtung bei einer Preßbandgeschwindigkeit von 5m/min angeführt. Für den Misch- und Streuvorgang werden 70 sec veranschlagt. Bei einer Pressenhöhe von 3m und einer Länge von 2m beträgt die Durchlaufzeit 60 sec. Die Summe der beiden Zeiten ergibt den Zeitpunkt, zu dem die Hydratation frühestens einsetzen darf (HB = Hydratationsbeginn = 130 sec). Nach bisherigen Erkenntnissen beträgt die gesamte Hydrationszeit etwa das zwei- bis dreifache von HB in diesem Fall also 390 sec. Die Länge der Kalibriervorrichtung müßte somit 260 sec (390 ./. 130 - 260). Die Kalibrierzeit beträgt somit bei einer Vorschubgeschwindigkeit von 5m/p min 22m betragen. Im Vergleich zu den üblichen Kalibrierpressen, deren Länge etwa 50 m beträgt, bedeutet dies bei gleicher Kapazität eine erhebliche Reduzierung der Baulänge. Die Wirtschaftlichkeit einer solchen Anlage ist erheblich.The advantage of the method according to the invention is that the parallel arrangement of the mixing and spreading devices 1 allow binder to be processed with very short hydration times, so that the overall length of a calibration device 3 can be considerably reduced. An estimate of the required length of a calibration device at a press belt speed of 5 m / min is given here as an example. The mixing and spreading process is estimated to take 70 seconds. With a press height of 3m and a length of 2m, the throughput time is 60 sec. The sum of the two times gives the point in time at which the hydration may start at the earliest (H B = start of hydration = 130 sec). According to current knowledge, the total hydration time is about two to three times H B in this case, ie 390 seconds. The length of the calibration device should therefore be 260 seconds (390 ./. 130 - 260). The calibration time is 22m at a feed rate of 5m / p min. Compared to the usual calibration presses, the length of which is about 50 m, this means a considerable reduction in overall length with the same capacity. The economic viability of such a system is considerable.

Claims (10)

  1. Flat extrusion method for the continuous production of organically or inorganically bonded derived timber products, in particular laminated boards, wherein the batch, which is fed into a vertical, conical shaft (A, B) formed by revolving compression belts, is compressed by conical shaping and then passes through a press in which the press components are arranged parallel to each other at a distance corresponding to the thickness of the material, characterised in that one batch or several batches are applied by means of mixing and/or spreading devices (1) to discharge belts (10, 11, 12) and fed into the shaft (A, B) in measured quantities by the belts simultaneously according to the ratio of raw materials of the material to be produced and, after passing through the vertical section (A) of the press and a second horizontal section (C), are hardened in a subsequent calibrating device (3).
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the volume and/or the distribution of the batch are varied across the width of the board.
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the batch or batches which are spread are precompressed.
  4. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 1 or 2 with a batch metering device and with a vertical conical shaft (A, B) formed by revolving compression belts and a subsequent press in which press components extend parallel to each other and the distance between them corresponds to the required board thickness, characterised in that there are mixing and/or spreading devices (1) which apply one or more batches to discharge belts (10, 11, 12), and the latter are arranged in such a way (parallel to each other or one above the other) that simultaneous feeding of the batch(es) into the shaft (A, B) is ensured, and in that a second section of the press (C) is deflected and extends horizontally and is adjoined directly or with a transition zone by a calibrating device (3).
  5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterised in that the press components are formed by compression belts (13, 14) or pressure plate belts.
  6. Apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterised in that the angle of inclination and the distance between the compression belts (13, 14) or the pressure plate belts is adjustable.
  7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterised in that the press components are provided with heat supply or heat removal means.
  8. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims 4 to 7, characterised in that the press components rotate in alternating fashion.
  9. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterised in that in the production of laminated boards, adjoining the discharge belts (10, 11, 12) are arranged material guide elements such as chutes, hoppers or the like.
  10. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterised in that during discharge of the batch into the shaft (A, B), the discharge devices (10, 11, 12) are arranged so as to oscillate about the centre line thereof.
EP90913063A 1989-09-15 1990-09-15 Flat-extrusion process for the production of wood products bonded with inorganic or organic binders, in particular laminated panels Expired - Lifetime EP0448657B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90913063T ATE102538T1 (en) 1989-09-15 1990-09-15 FLAT EXTRUSION PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF INORGANIC OR ORGANIC WOOD MATERIALS, ESPECIALLY MULTI-LAYER BOARDS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3930840 1989-09-15
DE3930840A DE3930840A1 (en) 1989-09-15 1989-09-15 FLAT-EXTRUDING METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF INORGANICALLY OR ORGANICALLY BONDED WOOD MATERIALS, IN PARTICULAR. MULTI-LAYERED PANELS

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0448657A1 EP0448657A1 (en) 1991-10-02
EP0448657B1 true EP0448657B1 (en) 1994-03-09

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EP90913063A Expired - Lifetime EP0448657B1 (en) 1989-09-15 1990-09-15 Flat-extrusion process for the production of wood products bonded with inorganic or organic binders, in particular laminated panels

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Country Link
US (1) US5185115A (en)
EP (1) EP0448657B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2042058A1 (en)
DE (1) DE3930840A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1991004142A1 (en)

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SE468278B (en) * 1989-11-21 1992-12-07 Curt Andersson SETTING AND DEVICE MAKING A COMPRESSABLE MATERIAL MIX BY MEANS OF A NOZZLE AND A FORMATING MOVABLE MATERIAL MAKING A LONG STRENGTH
US5372493A (en) * 1993-05-13 1994-12-13 Rodgers; Gary C. Continuous casting apparatus using two moving belts
US5484641A (en) * 1993-11-01 1996-01-16 Rotter; Martin J. Process for fixing plastic reinforcing pins into non-woven filamentary material and product produced by the process
JPH0879626A (en) * 1994-09-05 1996-03-22 Sony Corp Video device
DE4443763A1 (en) * 1994-12-08 1996-06-13 Hymmen Theodor Gmbh Continuously operating press for the production of wood-based panels
FR2733932B1 (en) * 1995-05-11 1999-01-22 Stihl Maschf Andreas ENGINE CHAIN CHAINSAW EQUIPPED WITH A CHAIN BRAKING DEVICE
JP2968470B2 (en) * 1996-02-15 1999-10-25 三木特種製紙株式会社 Apparatus and method for continuous production of plate-like products
DE19622521C2 (en) * 1996-06-05 1998-09-17 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Extrusion process for the continuous production of organically bound molded parts and device for carrying out the process
US5740898A (en) * 1996-10-24 1998-04-21 Macmillan Bloedel Limited Method and apparatus for laying up strands
DE19712440A1 (en) * 1997-03-25 1998-10-01 Hymmen Theodor Gmbh Chipboard/fibreboard manufacturing appliance
EP1218576A2 (en) * 1999-08-25 2002-07-03 Ake Innotech GmbH Automatisierung- Konstruktion-Elektronik Method and device for influencing the structure and position of fibres during the aerodynamic formation of non-wovens
DE10224090A1 (en) * 2002-05-31 2003-12-11 Metso Paper Inc Chipboard manufacturing process releases loose continual supply of dried fibrous material into an adhesive wetting zone followed by vigorous high-energy compression
GB2492876B (en) * 2011-06-27 2016-03-16 Kingspan Holdings Irl Ltd A method for manufacturing an insulation panel

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5185115A (en) 1993-02-09
CA2042058A1 (en) 1991-03-16
DE3930840C2 (en) 1993-09-23
WO1991004142A1 (en) 1991-04-04
EP0448657A1 (en) 1991-10-02
DE3930840A1 (en) 1991-03-28

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