EP0448221A1

EP0448221A1 - Flame-retardant nylon resin composition

Info

Publication number: EP0448221A1
Application number: EP91301257A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Osamu Togashi; Hideyuki Umetsu; Masatoshi Iwamoto
Original assignee: Toray Industries Inc
Current assignee: Toray Industries Inc
Priority date: 1990-02-19
Filing date: 1991-02-18
Publication date: 1991-09-25
Anticipated expiration: 2011-02-18
Also published as: DE69116586T2; JPH03239755A; US5258439A; EP0448221B1; DE69116586D1

Abstract

A flame retardant nylon polymer moulding composition comprises

(A) a nylon copolymer which is a hexamethylene terephthalamide (nylon 6T)/hexamethylene adipamide (nylon 66) or caproamide (nylon 6) copolymer, (B) as a flame-retardant, a halogenated polystyrene or halogenated polyphenylene ether, (C) as an auxiliary flame-retardant antimony oxide, sodium antimonate, tin oxide, iron oxide or zinc oxide and optionally (D) an inorganic reinforcing agent. The nylon copolymer comprises 80-20 wt% nylon 6T and 20-80 wt% nylon 66 or nylon 6. The weight average molecular weight of the halogenated polystyrene or polyphenylene ether is at least 5,000 and the halogen content is 50-70%. The composition comprises, by weight of the total weight of the composition, 30-90% (A), 5-35% (B), 1-10% (C) and 0-50% (D).

Description

The present invention relates to a flame-retardant nylon polymer moulding composition, hereinafter referred to as a nylon resin composition which exhibits a good stability when it is in a molten state and is especially suitable for use in surface mounting technology. More particularly, it is concerned with a flame-retardant nylon resin composition which, owing to its good stability in a molten state resists heat encountered during the soldering operations of surface mounting and does not suffer decomposition and degradation during melt molding.
A nylon improves in heat resistance as its melting point rises. On the other hand, a nylon with a high melting point needs a high processing temperature which causes decomposition and degradation during melt molding, giving rise to molded items having a poor appearance. Thus, it is difficult to achieve both a high heat resistance and ease of processing.
In an attempt to overcome these difficulties various compositions have been proposed which contain a polyamide copolymer and a fire retardant . Thus, it is known that a polyamide copolymer having good heat resistance and moldability is obtained by copolymerizing hexamethylene terephthalamide and hexamethylene adipamide or by copolymerizing hexamethylene terephthalamide and caproamide (see JP-A-206827/1985, JP-A-159422/1986, and JP-A-283653/1986). Nylon resin compositions used in the electric and electronic industries are required to meet the UL-94 standard for a high degree of flame retardance (established by the Underwriters Laboratores in the U.S.). To this end, a variety of halogen-based flame-retardants have been proposed. It is known to incorporate, in a polyamide, a brominated polystyrene as a flame-retardant and additionally a metal oxide as an auxiliary flame-retardant (see JP-A-47044/1976 and JP-A-1403/1976). However, hexamethylene terephthalamide, for example, has too high a melting point for efficient blending into a brominated polystyrene. In addition, JP-A-116054/1979 discloses a composition composed of nylon and a brominated polyphenylene ether, and attempts to improve this composition by incorporation of further additives are disclosed in JP-A-223260/1987 and JP-A-138264/1989. In particular, JP-A-138264/1989 discloses a blend of 100 parts hexamethylene terephthalamide (nylon 6T)/hexamethylene isophthalamide (nylon 6I) copolymer, 10-100 parts brominated polystyrene, 0.5-100 parts NaSbO₂ and 0.05-50 parts MgO or ZnO. However, since conventional soldering materials melt at around 250-260°C, it is necessary to effect soldering at temperatures above this, typically at 280-300°C. A nylon 6T/6I copolymer containing less than about 70% 6T has too low a melting point to withstand such high temperatures. Thus, where a surface mounted electrical component (as is usual) has a casing made from such a resin, it is necessary to effect soldering of the various components to the surface by a local heating technique which avoids subjecting the casing to soldering heat.
We have conducted research into the development of a flame-retardant composition which can be made into a molded item having high heat resistance and flame retardancy and also taking on a good appearance free of blooming.
As a result of these investigations, it was found surprisingly that the above-mentioned problems can be solved if a specific nylon is combined with a specific flame-retardant, auxiliary flame-retardant, and reinforcing agent.
Thus, the present invention provides a flame-retardant nylon resin composition which comprises, by weight of the total weight of the composition:

(A) 30-90 wt% of a nylon copolymer comprising 80-20 wt% of hexamethylene terephthalamide units and 20-80 wt% of hexamethylene adipamide and/or caproamide units,
(B) 5-35 wt% of a flame-retardant polymer comprising a halogenated polystyrene and/or a halogenated polyphenylene ether, which polymer contains 50-70 wt% by weight of the polymer of halogen and has a weight-average molecular weight of at least 5000,
(C) 1-10 wt% of at least one auxiliary flame-retardant selected from antimony oxide, sodium antimonate, tin oxide, iron oxide, and zinc oxide, and
(D) 0-50 wt% of a reinforcing agent, preferably an inorganic reinforcing agent.

In a resin composition according to the present invention, the nylon copolymer (designated as component (A) above) is composed of 80-20 wt% of hexamethylene terephthalamide units and 20-80 wt% of hexamethylene adipamide and/or caproamide units. This nylon copolymer may be a polyamide copolymer (referred to hereinafter as 6T/66 copolyamide) which may be formed by the copolymerization of hexamethylene ammonium terephthalate with hexamethylene ammonium diadipate, or a polyamide copolymer (referred to hereinafter as 6T/6 copolyamide) which may be formed by the copolymerization of hexamethylene ammonium terephthalate with ε-caprolactam or 6-aminocaproic acid or both. In the case of 6T/66, the ratio (by weight) of copolymerization i.e. 6T:66, should be from 80:20 to 20:80, preferably from 65:35 to 25:75, and more preferably from 59:41 to 30:70. In the case of 6T/6, the ratio (by weight) of copolymerization, i.e. 6T:6, should be from 80:20 to 20:80, preferably from 78:22 to 45:55, and more preferably from 78:22 to 60:40. With the 6T component less than 20 wt%, the copolymer polyamide has a low melting point and hence is poor in heat resistance. Conversely, with the 6T component in excess of 80 wt%, the copolymer polyamide has a high melting point and hence has improved heat resistance, but needs a high processing temperature, which leads to the thermal decomposition of the polymer. The degree of polymerization of the 6T/66 and 6T/6 copolyamides is not particularly limited. Those having a relative viscosity of 1.5 to 5.0 (measured in 1% sulfuric acid solution at 25°C) are particularly useful.
The resin composition of the present invention should contain 6T/66 copolyamide or 6T/6 copolyamide in an amount of 35-80 wt%, preferably 40-80 wt%, especially 50-80 wt% by weight of the total weight of the composition. With an amount less than 30 wt%, the resin composition is poor in mechanical strength (such as impact resistance). Conversely, with an amount in excess of 80 wt%, the resin composition is not so good in heat resistance, stiffness, creep resistance, dimensional stability, and warpage and deformation properties.
There are no particular limitations on the process for the production of the copolyamide resin used in a composition of the present invention. It may be produced easily by a conventional melt polymerization, which consists of preparing a prepolymer and subjecting the prepolymer to solid-phase polymerization or melt-mixing in an extruder to increase the degree of polymerization. The prepolymer is prepared by heating at 150-320°C an aqueous solution containing 6T salt (a salt formed from hexamethylenediamine and terephthalic acid) and 66 salt (a salt formed from hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid) or containing 6T salt and ε-caprolactam or 6-aminocaproic acid or both. An alternative process consists of subjecting 6T salt and 66 salt (or 6-aminocaproic acid) directly to solid-phase polymerization at a temperature lower than the melting point.
The copolyamide resin composition of the present invention may have incorporated in it a variety of additives such as a viscosity modifier, pigment, dye, antioxidant, and heat resistance improver, in such amounts that they do not have an unduly adverse effect upon its characteristic properties.
The resin composition of the present invention contains a flame-retardant polymer designated as component (B). This flame-retardant is based on halogenated polystyrene and/or halogenated polyphenylene ether. A halogenated polystyrene, particularly a brominated polystyrene, is especially preferred. The flame retardant polymer (B) contains 50-70 wt%, by weight of the flame retardant polymer, of halogen and has a weight-average molecular weight higher than 5000, preferably higher than 20,000 and more preferably higher than 28,000. With a weight-average molecular weight lower than 5000, the flame-retardant polymer has an adverse effect on the appearance of the molded item and increases the weight the resin composition loses on heating. An adequate amount of the flame-retardant in the composition is 5-35 wt%. With an amount less than 5 wt%, the flame-retardant does not produce the desired flame retardancy. Conversely, with an amount in excess of 35 wt%, the flame-retardant has an adverse effect on the mechanical properties such as impact strength.
In a composition according to the present invention, the halogen-containing flame-retardant is used in combination with an auxiliary flame-retardant designated as component (C). The auxiliary flame-retardant is a specific metal oxide which is selected from one or more of antimony oxide, sodium antimonate, tin oxide, iron oxide and zinc oxide. Most effective among these metal oxides is antimony oxide. An adequate amount of the auxiliary flame-retardant is 1-10 wt%, preferably 2-8 wt% by weight of the total composition.
The resin composition of the present invention may contain a reinforcing agent designated as component (D). This may be, for example, fibrous reinforcement such as glass fiber and carbon fiber, glass beads, talc, kaolin, wollastonite and mica. Preferable among them is glass fiber. Glass fiber materials suitable for use in compositions according to the present invention are those generally used as a reinforcing agent for thermoplastics resins and thermosetting resins. Preferred glass fiber materials take the form of glass rovings, chopped strand glass, and glass yarn made of continuous glass filaments 3-20 µm in diameter. The reinforcing agent should be added in an amount of 0-50 wt%, depending on the use of the molded item.
The resin composition of the present invention may have, incorporated in it, one or more known additives such as a stabilizer, nucleating agent, blowing agent, auxiliary blowing agent, antistatic agent, pigment, and dye in amounts such that they do not have an unduly adverse effect upon its characteristic properties.
A particularly surprising aspect of nylon 6T/66 and 6T/6 copolymers is their melting profile as the proportional amounts of 6T and 66 or 6T and 6 vary. These are illustrated in the accompanying drawing. This shows that the melting profile of a 6T/6I copolymer as used in a composition of JP-A-138264/1989 is such that the melting point approaches the uppermost value only when a relatively high proportion of 6T is present. In contrast, a 6T/66 copolymer containing as much as 80% 66 has a relatively high melting point. This enables a composition containing the copolymer to be capable of producing a product having the excellent properties produced by the nylon 66 component and yet still have a sufficiently high melting point.
Thus, the nylon 6T/66 copolymer has a melting point sufficiently high that the copolymer remains solid at soldering temperatures but sufficiently low to allow efficient blending with a halogenated polystyrene and/or halogenated polyphenylene ether and efficient processing. Furthermore, a nylon resin composition embodying the invention does not suffer degradation or decomposition at soldering temperatures above 250-260°C. This has enabled surface mounting technology to be revolutionised. Thus, instead of effecting soldering by subjecting localised regions to soldering heat (in order to avoid heating of the resin casing) it is now possible to effect soldering merely by feeding the entire surface mounted component through an oven set at the soldering temperature.
Owing to the high degree of flame retardancy, good external appearance, and good heat resistance of moulded articles produced from compositions embodying the invention, these articles find particular use as items for electric and electronic parts, automotive parts, and building materials. They are especially useful in mounted electrical parts, particularly those found in motor cars.
The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following Examples and Comparative Examples. The resin compositions in the Examples and Comparative Examples were examined for characteristic properties according to the following test methods.

(1) Vertical burning test

The test was conducted as follows according to the UL standard. A test specimen vertically clamped at its upper end is burned by the application of a standard flame to its lower end for 10 seconds. The time required for the test specimen to burn until the fire goes out is measured (the "first flame" time). Immediately after that, the test specimen is burned again by the application of a standard flame to its lower end for 10 seconds. The time required for the test specimen to burn until the fire goes out is measured ( the "second flame" time ). The measurements are repeated for five test specimens. The total flame time of ten measurements is designated as T, and the maximum value in ten measurements is designated as M. The test speciment is classed as V-0 if T is less than 50 seconds and M is less than 10 seconds, the flame does not reach the clamp and burning melt does not drip from the flame to an extent such that it can ignite cotton placed 12 inches below the test speciment. Likewise, the test specimen is classed as V-1 if T is less than 250 seconds and M is less than 30 seconds and the flame does not reach the clamp and burning melt does not drip from the flame to an extent such that it ignites cotton placed 12 inches below the test speciment.

(2) Appearance of molded item

The resin composition was injection-molded into test specimens suitable for a burning test, and the specimens were examined for surface roughening, bubbles, and color. The appearance is rated as good, poor, and bad according to the following criteria.

good: ... glossy, smooth surface
poor: ... less glossy, but smooth surface
bad: ... dull, rough surface

(3) Blooming

The surface staining of the test specimen is examined after ageing in a hot-air oven at 140°C for 3 days. Blooming is rated as good and bad according to the following criteria.

good: ... surface not stained
bad: ... surface considerably stained

(4) Melting point (T_m)

A sample (8-10 mg) is heated at a rate of 20°C/min in a differential scanning calorimeter (Perkin-Elmer, Model 7) to give a melting curve. The maximum temperature on the melting curve is designated as T_m.

Example 1

A copolyamide of 6T/66 (50/50 % by weight) was prepared as described below.
5.877 kg of terephthalic acid, 6.377 kg of an aqueous 64.5 wt.%-solution of hexamethylenediamine, 10.000 kg of 66 salt and 6.307 kg of ion-exchanged water were introduced into a batch-type pressure polymerizer, which was then fully flushed by nitrogen. The monomers were then polymerized under heat and under a steam pressure of 17.5 kg/cm²-G. After the polymerization system had been heated up to 220°C over a period of 2 hours with stirring, the polymerization reaction was further continued for one hour at a temperature of 220-240°C. Then, stirring was stopped, and a prepolymer condensate was ejected out from the polymerizer into water owing to the pressure difference of 17.5 kg/cm²-G. The thus obtained prepolymer condensate had a viscosity of
r=1.17 and a melting point of 224°C.
The prepolymer was dried in vacuum at 100°C for 24 hours, then placed in a kneader (Model DS 3-7.5, manufactured by Moriyama Manufacturing Co.), and heated up to 250°C over a period of about 2 hours while blowing nitrogen (3 liter/min) into it. The prepolymer was aged for a further 3 hours at 250°C and then cooled to room temperature. As a result, a white powdery polymer having a viscosity of
r=2.70 and a melting point of 295°C was obtained.
58% by weight of the white powdery polymer, 30% by weight of glass fiber chopped strands each having a length of 3mm and a diameter of 13µm, 10% by weight of "Pyro-chek" 68PB and 2 parts by weight of antimony trioxide were dry-blended and thereafter melted and blended by the use of a 30 mm-vent type biaxial screw extruder at a cylinder temperature of 260-330°C. The resulting blend was shaped with an injection-moulding machine to form test pieces. The thus obtained test pieces were evaluated and the results are shown in Table 1 below.

Examples 2 to 10

In each Example, a resin composition was prepared from a copolyamide (in pellet form), glass fiber, flame-retardant, and auxiliary flame-retardant according to the formulation shown in Table 1.

. The copolyamide is any one of 6T/66 (50/50 wt%), 6T/6 (80/20 wt%), 6T/6 (70/30 wt%), and 6T/6 (60/40 wt%).
. The glass fiber is in the form of chopped strand, 3 mm long and 13 µm in diameter.
. The flame-retardant is any one of brominated polystyrene and brominated polyphenylene ether.
. The auxiliary flame-retardant is antimony trioxide.

All the components were mixed by melting at 260-335°C (cylinder temperature) using a 30-mm vented twin-screw extruder. The resulting mixture (in pellet form) was formed into test pieces by injection molding. The test pieces were examined for appearance, blooming, and flammability. The results are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Examples 1 to 10

In each Comparative Example, a resin composition was prepared in the same manner as in the above Examples from a copolyamide, glass fiber, flame retardant, and auxiliary flame-retardant according to the formulation shown in Table 2.

. The copolyamide is the same as that used in the above Examples.
. The glass fiber is the same as that used in the above Examples.
. The flame-retardant is any one of brominated polycarbonate, perchlorocyclopentadecane, tetrabromobisphenol-A (oligomer), and brominated epoxy.
. The auxiliary flame-retardant is antimony trioxide.

The resin composition was made into test pieces, which were evaluated in the same manner as in the above Examples. The results are shown in Table 2.
The resin composition in which perchlorocyclopentadecane was incorporated did not give good pellets on account of considerable thermal decomposition in the case where the copolyamide was 6T/66 (50/50 wt%) or 6T/6 (80/20 wt%) which needs a higher temperature for melt-mixing (Comparative Examples 3 and 4).
The resin composition based on 6T/6 (60/40 wt%) in which perchlorocyclopentadecane was incorporated did not meet the requirements for V-0 class (Comparative Example 10).
The resin composition in which tetrabromobisphenol-A was incorporated did not meet the requirements for V-0 class (Comparative Examples 5 and 6).
The resin composition in which brominated polycarbonate was incorporated did not give good test pieces on account of considerable thermal decomposition and blowing in the melt-mixing steps (Comparative Examples 1, 2 and 9).
The resin composition in which brominated epoxy was incorporated did not give good pellets on account of excessive viscosity increase caused by gelation that took place in the melt-mixing step (Comparative Examples 7 and 8).

Note to Table 1
*1 Glass fiber chopped strand (3 mm, 13 µm in dia.)
*2 "Pyro-check" 68-PB (Nissan Ferro Co., Ltd.)
*3 "GLC" PO-64P (Great Lakes Chemicals Co., Ltd. and Miki Sangyo Co., Ltd.)
*4 DBE (Great Chemicals Co., Ltd.)

Note to Table 2
*1 Glass fiber chopped strand (3 mm, 13 µm in dia.)
*2 Brominated polycarbonate "FR-34" (Mitsubishi Gas Kagaku Co., Ltd.)
*3 Perchlorocyclopentadecane "Dechloran-plus" (Oxydental Chemical Co., Ltd.)
*4 Brominated epoxy "HR-128F" (Hitachi Kasei Co., Ltd.)
*5 "Platerm" FR500 (Dainippon Ink & Chemicals Co., Ltd.)
NM : not moldable

Claims

A flame-retardant nylon resin composition which comprises by weight of the total weight of the composition:
(A) 30-90 wt% of a nylon copolymer comprising 80-20 wt% of hexamethylene terephthalamide units and 20-80 wt% of hexamethylene adipamide and/or caproamide units,

(B) 5-35 wt% of a flame-retardant polymer comprising a halogenated polystyrene and/or halogenated polyphenylene ether which polymer contains 50-70 wt% by weight of the polymer of halogen and has a weight-average molecular weight of at least 5000,

(C) 1-10 wt% of at least one auxiliary flame-retardant selected from antimony oxide, sodium antimonate, tin oxide, iron oxide, and zinc oxide, and

(D) 0-50 wt% of a reinforcing agent.
A composition according to claim 1, in which the nylon copolymer is a copolymer of (a) hexamethylene terephthalamide and (b) hexamethylene adipamide.
A composition according to claim 1, in which the nylon copolymer is a copolymer of ( a ) hexamethylene terephthalamide and (c) caproamide.
A composition according to claim 3, in which the nylon copolymer comprises from 80-60 wt% hexamethylene terephthalamide units and from 20-40 wt% of caproamide units.
A composition according to any preceding claim, in which the flame retardant polymer (B) is a halogenated polystyrene.
A composition according to any preceding claim, in which the auxiliary flame-retardant (C) is selected from at least one of antimony oxide and zinc oxide.
A composition according to any preceding claim, in which the nylon copolymer is one prepared by first forming a prepolymer condensate having a relative viscosity of 1.20 or less and a melting point of 250°C or lower and then solid-polymerizing the prepolymer condensate at a temperature within the range of from 150°C to the melting point of the nylon polymer inclusive.