EP0447693B1 - Couvercle en tôle emboutie - Google Patents
Couvercle en tôle emboutie Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0447693B1 EP0447693B1 EP90203143A EP90203143A EP0447693B1 EP 0447693 B1 EP0447693 B1 EP 0447693B1 EP 90203143 A EP90203143 A EP 90203143A EP 90203143 A EP90203143 A EP 90203143A EP 0447693 B1 EP0447693 B1 EP 0447693B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lid
- groove
- container
- edge
- circumferential
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D43/00—Lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
- B65D43/02—Removable lids or covers
- B65D43/0202—Removable lids or covers without integral tamper element
- B65D43/0233—Removable lids or covers without integral tamper element secured by rolling or other plastic deformation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D45/00—Clamping or other pressure-applying devices for securing or retaining closure members
- B65D45/32—Clamping or other pressure-applying devices for securing or retaining closure members for applying radial or radial and axial pressure, e.g. contractible bands encircling closure member
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
- B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
- B65D2543/00018—Overall construction of the lid
- B65D2543/00027—Stackable lids or covers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
- B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
- B65D2543/00018—Overall construction of the lid
- B65D2543/00064—Shape of the outer periphery
- B65D2543/00074—Shape of the outer periphery curved
- B65D2543/00092—Shape of the outer periphery curved circular
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
- B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
- B65D2543/00018—Overall construction of the lid
- B65D2543/00259—Materials used
- B65D2543/00277—Metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
- B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
- B65D2543/00444—Contact between the container and the lid
- B65D2543/00481—Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container
- B65D2543/0049—Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container on the inside, or a part turned to the inside of the mouth of the container
- B65D2543/00509—Cup
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
- B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
- B65D2543/00444—Contact between the container and the lid
- B65D2543/00481—Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container
- B65D2543/00537—Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container on the outside, or a part turned to the outside of the mouth of the container
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
- B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
- B65D2543/00444—Contact between the container and the lid
- B65D2543/00481—Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container
- B65D2543/00555—Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container on both the inside and the outside
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2543/00—Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
- B65D2543/00009—Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
- B65D2543/00953—Sealing means
- B65D2543/00962—Sealing means inserted
- B65D2543/00972—Collars or rings
Definitions
- Sheet-metal lids for sealed closing of containers such as drums or cans which comprise a peripheral groove to receive the upper edge of the container with the interposition of a sealing gasket are known.
- Said lids comprise also a discontinuous peripheral edge identifying a plurality of tongues for clamping to the edge of the container, or a continuous edge for fastening to the container by means of circumferential straps for radial and axial compression.
- peripheral groove must be relatively deep. This involves a considerable problem upon stacking of the lids during their production, storage and application to the containers.
- Said reliefs being pressed from the sheet metal, reduce the side surface of the groove which enters in contact with the side wall of the drum near the edge.
- the number of reliefs is necessarily reduced to at most 5 or 6 for the entire circumference of the lid, thus reducing proportionately the effectiveness thereof in preventing jamming, also due to the elasticity of the edges of the groove resulting from the thinness of the sheet metal, not obviated by the lack of appropriate ribbing, and weakening the clamping of the lid on the mouthpiece of the container.
- the known art results in reduced quality of the fastening between the lid and the container because of the discontinuous nature of the contact surfaces caused by the reliefs or because of the elasticity of the part of the lid in contact with the side walls of the container.
- An example of said known art can be found in WO-A-8911423.
- the general object of the present invention is to obviate the above mentioned shortcomings and provide a pressed sheet-metal lid for closing containers as mentioned above and which would avoid the problem of jamming of several stacked lids and at the same time be sufficiently stiff.
- FIG. 1 a lid 10 in accordance with the invention is shown schematically in figures 1 and 2. Specifically in FIG. 1 is shown a circular segment representing one fourth of the lid, the rest obviously being symmetrical.
- drawn parts 14 At regular intervals along the radially innermost wall of the groove 11 are drawn parts 14 directed toward the centre of the lid and hence projecting on the face opposite the groove 11. Said drawn parts 14 extend from the edge 16 of the groove 11 to a position intermediate between the edge and the bottom of said groove so as to identify a supporting surface 17 and at the same time leave available a side surface zone 15 continuing around the entire circumference of the lid.
- the walls of the drawn parts are virtually normal to the plane of extension of the lid.
- FIG. 3 shows the described lid clamped to the mouthpiece of a drum 18.
- the groove 11 receives the curled edge 19 of the drum 18, which compresses the seal and thus assures sealing.
- the tongues 13 are folded in such a manner as to close the groove 11 around the edge 19.
- the wall of the drum near the edge 19 is thus clamped between the circumferentially continuous wall 15 (of relatively ample height) and the bent back tongues, thus assuring good closing.
- the continuous wall 15 also constitutes a guide surface for fitting of the lid on the mouthpiece of the drum.
- FIG. 4 shows a variant embodiment of the lid described and indicated therein by reference number 10'' which permits fastening with a radially and axially compressed band 21 by reduction of the diameter by the known art.
- the outer edge of the receiving groove for the edge of the mouthpiece of the drum has no tongues and terminates with a circumferentially continuous curled edge 20 to be clamped by the band 21 against the edge 19.
- the continuous surface 15'' (analogous to the surface 15 of a lid 10) constitutes an ample and continuous contact surface with the internal wall of the drum, thus assuring the quality of the closing.
- the drawn parts 14, 14'' arranged along the circumference at regular intervals afford substantial stiffening of the lid and contribute to adherence by forcing the surfaces 15, 15'' against the inner wall of the drum. Said stiffening in turn contributes to the possibility of providing a relatively deep groove with ample lateral adherence surfaces between the lid and the drum.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Closures For Containers (AREA)
- Packaging For Recording Disks (AREA)
- Golf Clubs (AREA)
- Table Devices Or Equipment (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
- Pens And Brushes (AREA)
- Rigid Containers With Two Or More Constituent Elements (AREA)
- Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
- Sewage (AREA)
Claims (4)
- Couvercle réalisé en tôle métallique emboutie (10) comprenant une portion discoïdale et une bande périphérique pratiquement cylindrique (15) avec un bord définissant une gorge circonférentielle (11) destinée à recevoir le bord (19) de l'ouverture d'un récipient cylindrique (18) pour sa fermeture étanche, caractérisé en ce que cette bande (15) comprend une première et une seconde zone circonférentielle d'adhérence sur la paroi latérale interne du récipient (18), la première zone étant limitrophe de la seconde zone le long d'une ligne circonférentielle, en ce qu'il est prévu dans la seconde zone circonférentielle contiguë à la portion discoïde des pièces embouties (14) espacées sur la circonférence afin de positionner entre la première et la seconde zone à proximité de la ligne circonférentielle une surface (17) faisant radialement saillie vers le centre du couvercle, entre les parties embouties (17) la seconde zone circonférentielle se situant sur le même plan que la première zone circonférentielle.
- Couvercle (10) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que sur le fond de la gorge (11) est disposé un joint d'étanchéité (12) pour le bord (19) de l'ouverture du récipient (18).
- Couvercle (10) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la paroi de la gorge (11) vers l'extérieur du couvercle comprend plusieurs languettes (13) dirigées d'une manière pratiquement perpendiculaire au plan du couvercle et pouvant être cintrées pour le serrage sur le bord (19) de l'ouverture du récipient (18).
- Couvercle (10) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la paroi de la gorge (11) vers l'extérieur du couvercle (10) comprend un bord continu (20) pour la fixation sur le bord d'un récipient au moyen d'une bande de compression circonférentielle et axiale (21) pour la réduction du diamètre de la bande (21).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT02087590U IT219419Z2 (it) | 1990-03-22 | 1990-03-22 | Coperchio perfezionato stampato da lamiera |
IT2087590U | 1990-03-22 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0447693A1 EP0447693A1 (fr) | 1991-09-25 |
EP0447693B1 true EP0447693B1 (fr) | 1994-06-15 |
Family
ID=11173395
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90203143A Expired - Lifetime EP0447693B1 (fr) | 1990-03-22 | 1990-11-28 | Couvercle en tôle emboutie |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0447693B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE107253T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69009979D1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2054226T3 (fr) |
IT (1) | IT219419Z2 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001044069A1 (fr) * | 1999-12-13 | 2001-06-21 | National Can Company Pty. Ltd. | Fermeture refermable d'un recipient |
US10086981B2 (en) | 2016-09-28 | 2018-10-02 | Hfa, Inc. | Method of manufacturing an improved disposable lid |
US10093452B2 (en) | 2016-09-28 | 2018-10-09 | Hfa, Inc. | Method of manufacturing an improved disposable lid |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19855361C2 (de) * | 1998-12-01 | 2003-05-28 | Jokey Plastik Wipperfuerth | Kunststoffbehälter mit Deckel |
US9038845B1 (en) | 2014-05-02 | 2015-05-26 | Top-That! Llc | Container lid with one or more cavities |
US9078535B1 (en) | 2014-05-09 | 2015-07-14 | Top-That! Llc | Container lid with a food compartment and a sip-hole |
US8939312B1 (en) | 2014-05-30 | 2015-01-27 | Top-That! Llc | Container lid system with a lid portion and food container portion |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3858756A (en) * | 1972-12-12 | 1975-01-07 | Frank Corp Alan I W | Vented container and lid |
US3915336A (en) * | 1973-06-07 | 1975-10-28 | Vogel Bmw Ag | Lidded container |
WO1989011423A1 (fr) * | 1988-05-25 | 1989-11-30 | Rheem Australia Limited | Couvercle a onglets |
-
1990
- 1990-03-22 IT IT02087590U patent/IT219419Z2/it active IP Right Grant
- 1990-11-28 DE DE69009979T patent/DE69009979D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-11-28 ES ES90203143T patent/ES2054226T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-11-28 AT AT90203143T patent/ATE107253T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-11-28 EP EP90203143A patent/EP0447693B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001044069A1 (fr) * | 1999-12-13 | 2001-06-21 | National Can Company Pty. Ltd. | Fermeture refermable d'un recipient |
US10086981B2 (en) | 2016-09-28 | 2018-10-02 | Hfa, Inc. | Method of manufacturing an improved disposable lid |
US10093452B2 (en) | 2016-09-28 | 2018-10-09 | Hfa, Inc. | Method of manufacturing an improved disposable lid |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE107253T1 (de) | 1994-07-15 |
DE69009979D1 (de) | 1994-07-21 |
EP0447693A1 (fr) | 1991-09-25 |
ES2054226T3 (es) | 1994-08-01 |
IT9020875U1 (it) | 1991-09-23 |
IT219419Z2 (it) | 1993-02-26 |
IT9020875V0 (it) | 1990-03-22 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3516572A (en) | Closure having double fastening means | |
US9056698B2 (en) | Container | |
US3967731A (en) | Stackable lid and container | |
US4194645A (en) | Container cover construction | |
US3942679A (en) | Sealable closure arrangement | |
US4154360A (en) | Overcap and container assembly | |
US4349119A (en) | Container construction | |
EP0447693B1 (fr) | Couvercle en tôle emboutie | |
JPS61152562A (ja) | 楔固定蓋を有する容器 | |
US4279358A (en) | Container lid | |
JPH0419098B2 (fr) | ||
GB2035277A (en) | Plastics closure and container | |
ES8701547A1 (es) | Procedimiento para colocar tapas prefabricadas en cuerpos de recipientes por engatillado | |
DE9011590U1 (fr) | ||
EP1854733A1 (fr) | Surbouchage à double nervure pour un récipient ayant une membrane amovible | |
US3840144A (en) | Plastic cover for cylindrical containers of large capacity | |
US4422559A (en) | Molded container with snap-on closure | |
CA2260813A1 (fr) | Fut a couvercle muni d'un couvercle et d'un systeme de fermeture a collier de serrage | |
US4182461A (en) | Closure arrangement for container | |
US4364476A (en) | Plastic lid with stacking separation means | |
US5174464A (en) | Paint or similar can with overcap | |
US3080090A (en) | Container | |
US3915336A (en) | Lidded container | |
US2251987A (en) | Container | |
EP0205494A4 (fr) | Fermeture de fût ou de seau. |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19920318 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19921023 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Effective date: 19940615 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 19940615 Ref country code: DK Effective date: 19940615 Ref country code: CH Effective date: 19940615 Ref country code: BE Effective date: 19940615 Ref country code: AT Effective date: 19940615 |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 107253 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19940715 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69009979 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19940721 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2054226 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: GUZZI E RAVIZZA S.R.L. |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Effective date: 19940915 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Effective date: 19940916 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 19941111 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Effective date: 19941128 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19941130 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Effective date: 19950601 |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19941128 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 19951129 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 19961121 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY Effective date: 19971130 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20010201 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20051128 |