EP0445140A1 - Process and device for centrifugal casting of copper and copper alloys. - Google Patents

Process and device for centrifugal casting of copper and copper alloys.

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Publication number
EP0445140A1
EP0445140A1 EP89912616A EP89912616A EP0445140A1 EP 0445140 A1 EP0445140 A1 EP 0445140A1 EP 89912616 A EP89912616 A EP 89912616A EP 89912616 A EP89912616 A EP 89912616A EP 0445140 A1 EP0445140 A1 EP 0445140A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
casting
mold
borax
copper
pouring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89912616A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0445140B1 (en
Inventor
Gottfried Brugger
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Individual
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Individual
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
    • B22D13/10—Accessories for centrifugal casting apparatus, e.g. moulds, linings therefor, means for feeding molten metal, cleansing moulds, removing castings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
    • B22D13/02—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force of elongated solid or hollow bodies, e.g. pipes, in moulds rotating around their longitudinal axis

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for centrifugally casting copper, copper alloys or other oxygen-sensitive alloys, in particular bronze, at least one additive being introduced into the casting mold in order to reduce or avoid the oxide layer forming on the inner surface of the casting.
  • the invention further relates to a device for centrifugally casting copper, copper alloys or other oxygen-sensitive alloys, in particular bronze, for carrying out the method, with a rotatable mold and a pouring tube.
  • an oxidation layer is formed on the inner surface of the castings by oxidation, which layer must be removed.
  • the thickness of this oxidation layer depends in particular on the wall thickness of the casting and on the oxygen absorbed during the casting process and during cooling. Even with relatively small wall thicknesses of approximately 15 to 20 mm, a disruptive oxidation layer of considerable thickness is formed, which further increases proportionally with the wall thickness. In the case of thick castings, the thickness of this layer to be turned out can be up to 15?
  • the thickness of this oxide layer is influenced in particular by the cooling rate of the melt and the period of time during which the melt remains at a higher temperature on the inner surface of the casting, since the atmospheric oxygen has an unfavorable effect and influences the thickness of the oxide layer which forms on the inner surface.
  • a method for improving the surface of centrifugal casting pieces is known, for example, from DE-OS 2 422 339.
  • a method of the type mentioned at the outset is characterized in that, immediately after the pouring process, solid, preferably powdery, borax, optionally together with finely divided mixtures of oxygen-affine metals, for example Mg, Li, cerium, and / or as additive onto the still liquid inner surface Graphite and / or chamotte and / or charcoal powder, with a layer thickness of 0.5 to 4 mm, preferably 1 to 3 mm, is applied.
  • the additives should be added simultaneously with the melt.
  • the proposed additives and the joint introduction of melt and additives into the mold is detrimental to a uniform overall casting structure, especially in the case of bulk metals; moreover, with the addition of borax in particular, if necessary with the further additives added according to the invention, improved protection against oxidation and a far better surface structure can be achieved than in the procedure known from this DE-OS.
  • the addition of borax according to the invention to the just-formed, still liquid metal surface in the specified layer thickness enables the formation of a void-free and flaw-free surface which can be dimensionally turned without intermediate processing.
  • Borax has the advantage that it shows a very good tendency to remain distributed on the melt surface. It is advantageous if: Immediately after pouring the melt onto the inner surface of the casting, the layer of borax is formed with the specified thickness.
  • the abandoned borax melts the prevailing temperatures and a layer with this thickness is sufficient to bind the oxygen absorbed by the alloy during the casting process and to prevent the formation of an oxide layer. At the same time there is sufficient protection against air-oxygen. There is no negative influence on the structure of the object.
  • borax in powder form optionally together with the batches, so that they can be distributed evenly over the inner surface of the casting in the course of the further rotation of the mold with the casting. If borax and batches with low thermal conductivity are used, the surface quality of the inner surface is further improved, since it is still possible for the metal, which is still flowable, to flow further during solidification on the inner surface.
  • the amount or the layer thickness in which borax and possibly the mixture are introduced is determined in particular by the thickness of the workpiece and the diameter of the bore or the hollow volume of the workpiece.
  • a device for centrifugal casting of copper or its alloys, in particular bronze is characterized according to the invention in that, in addition to the pouring tube, a dispensing device which leads into the mold, in particular into the interior of the casting, or can be inserted therein, e.g. a pipe, a chute or the like is provided, with which solid, preferably powdered, borax, optionally together with finely divided mixtures of oxygen-affine metals, e.g. Mg, Li, cerium, and / or graphite, and / or chamotte and / or charcoal powder with a layer thickness of 0.5 to 4 mm, preferably 1 to 3 mm, can be applied to the inner surface of the casting.
  • a dispensing device which leads into the mold, in particular into the interior of the casting, or can be inserted therein, e.g. a pipe, a chute or the like is provided, with which solid, preferably powdered, borax, optionally together with finely divided mixtures of oxygen-affin
  • Such a dispensing device can be of relatively simple construction and has the purpose of being able to introduce the additives to be introduced into the mold without any effort. In principle, it is also possible to do it manually, e.g. with a shovel to pour in the borax or the batch, however the dosing with dispensing devices is more precise and the arrangement of such dispensing devices is advantageous, particularly in an automated casting operation.
  • the dispensing device is a channel which can be tilted or pivoted about its longitudinal extension, in particular longitudinal edge, preferably against the action of a spring, and which is mounted in a preferably movable relative to the mold in the dispensing position
  • Carrier housing is rotatably mounted or pivotally mounted on the pouring tube and can be moved into and out of the mold with it.
  • the invention also relates to the use of preferably powdery.
  • Borax for application to the (inner) surface of workpieces produced by centrifugal casting immediately following the casting of the melt from copper, copper alloys, in particular bronze. This purpose of Borax is new and brings the effects indicated above.
  • FIG. 1 shows in a schematic section and FIG. 1 in a side view a first embodiment of the invention and FIGS. 2 and 2a show in schematic sections and FIG. 2 b in a side view a second embodiment of the invention.
  • a discharge opening 4 of a melt container or casting funnel 1 provided with fireclay clothing 3 is connected by means of a sleeve 5 to a pouring tube 6, which is open at the front and top or to the side for the exit of the melt and into a mold 2 accordingly Arrow 16 is insertable.
  • the gutter can be loaded manually or from an indicated storage container 8 when entering or leaving borax and possibly fine-particle mixtures of acidic, off-affinity metals and / or graphite and / or chamotte and / or charcoal powder
  • Driving in or the feeding of borax or the batch onto the casting 9 is started immediately after the introduction of the melt or after the pouring tube 6 has ended.
  • the casting 9 After the casting 9 has cooled down to such an extent that further oxidation or Formation of an oxide layer on the inner surface can no longer occur, the casting 9 is e ⁇ tformt and finished by turning.
  • Fig.l shows a side view of the device according to the invention.
  • a handle 11 with which the channel 7 against the action of a spring 12 in the direction of arrow 13 can be pivoted.
  • the end region 15 of the channel 7 is rotatably supported in a housing 14, which also receives the spring 12.
  • the channel 7 protrudes at least to the middle of the casting 9, preferably up to close to the opposite edge of the casting 9.
  • the arrangement described in FIGS. 1 and 1 a can be used in particular when the inside diameter of the casting is relatively small and the pouring tube 6 and Channel 7 cannot find a single place.
  • the gutter 7 is e.g. by means of bearings and journals, mounted on the pouring tube 6 so as to be pivotable about their longitudinal extent or longitudinal edge relative to the pouring tube 6; via e.g. Shaft 17 mounted on the melting hopper 1 is connected to the handle 11, which is adjustable against the action of the spring 12, which spring 12 the groove 7 in the closed position, i.e. presses against the pouring tube 6, as shown in Fig. a.
  • the channel 7 is filled in the extended state.
  • This device has the advantage that the borax or the batch can be added immediately after the introduction of the melt has ended.
  • mechanical handling devices can also be provided.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the channel can be any.
  • a blank made of gunmetal in accordance with DIN 1705, melt composition Gz-Rg 7, 172 mm in outside diameter and 134 mm in inside diameter and 460 mm in length was to be produced by centrifugal casting, which is suitable for the manufacturer ⁇ position of a plain bearing was determined.
  • the horizontally mounted steel The mold was preheated to approximately 150 ° C. After the mold was closed, a pouring device was attached centrally, the outflow opening of the pouring funnel being matched to the casting compound and having a diameter of 28 mm.
  • a pouring trough was connected to the pouring funnel, which extends over two thirds of the length of the mold and extends almost horizontally into it.
  • the weighed and heated to 1150 ° C. melt was poured in while increasing the peripheral speed of the mold inner wall to 7 m / s in such a way that the pouring funnel remains filled with melt with a bath level height of approximately 200 mm, whereby a constant flow and a uniform distribution of the melt is ensured by means of the sprue in the mold.
  • the casting time is about 4 seconds.
  • the pouring device was then removed and the mold was cooled with water, after which the solid had been removed from the mold after it had solidified.
  • borax was added by hand to the mold in an amount such that a layer of molten borax, which had a thickness of approximately 1 mm, formed on the inner surface of the blank. An appreciable oxide layer on the inner surface was prevented; the normal unevenness of the cast wall could be removed in the course of the main turning, so that the expected turning of the oxide layer could be omitted.
  • the dimensions of the castings that can be produced in the method according to the invention are irrelevant; they are short rings from e.g. 50 mm length and pipes of e.g. 2000 mm length can be produced in the same way.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/AT89/00105 Sec. 371 Date May 8, 1991 Sec. 102(e) Date May 8, 1991 PCT Filed Nov. 20, 1989 PCT Pub. No. WO90/06196 PCT Pub. Date Jun. 14, 1990.A process for the centrifugal casting of copper, copper alloys, or other oxygen sensitive alloys, such as bronze, is effective for avoiding or reducing the formation of an oxide layer on the inner surface of the casting. The process essentially consists of applying powdered borax in a layer thickness of 0.5 mm to 4 mm onto the still liquid inner surface of the casting immediately after pouring the casting. The preferred thickness of the borax is 1 mm to 3 mm. Finely divided mixtures of metals which have an affinity for oxygen, such Mg, Li, Ce, and/or powders of graphite and/or fire clay and/or charcoal, can also be combined with the borax as additional additives for special casting processes. Apparatus for introducing the borax into the mold includes a trough which is extendable into the interior of the mold. The trough is either rotatably supported in a housing that is movable relative to the mold, or pivotally supported along a bottom portion of a pouring tube which is movable relative to the mold.

Description

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schleudergießen von Method and device for centrifugal casting of
Kupfer und KupferlegierungenCopper and copper alloys
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Schleudergießen von Kupfer, Kupferlegierungen oder anderen Sauerstoffempfindlichen Legierungen, ins¬ besondere Bronze, wobei zur Verringerung bzw. Vermeidung der sich an der Innenfläche des Gußstückes ausbildenden Oxidschicht in die Gießform zu¬ mindest ein Zuschlagstoff eingebracht wird. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zum Schleudergießen von Kupfer, Kupferlegierungeπ oder anderen Sauerstoffempfindlichen Legierungen, insbesondere Bronze, zur Durchführung des Verfahrens, mit einer drehbaren Kokille und einem Gießrohr.The invention relates to a method for centrifugally casting copper, copper alloys or other oxygen-sensitive alloys, in particular bronze, at least one additive being introduced into the casting mold in order to reduce or avoid the oxide layer forming on the inner surface of the casting. The invention further relates to a device for centrifugally casting copper, copper alloys or other oxygen-sensitive alloys, in particular bronze, for carrying out the method, with a rotatable mold and a pouring tube.
Beim Herstellen von Schleudergußstücken aus Kupfer, Kupferlegieruπ- gen oder anderen Sauerstoffempfindlichen Legierungen, insbesondere Bronze, entsteht an der Innenfläche der Gußstücke durch Oxidation eine Oxidationsschicht, die ausgedreht werden muß. Die Dicke dieser Oxida- tionsschicht hängt dabei insbesondere von der Wandstärke des Gußstückes und von dem während des Gießvorganges und der Abkühlung aufgenommenen Sauerstoff ab. Bereits bei relativ geringen Wandstärken von etwa 15 bis 20 mm bildet sich eine störende Oxidationsschicht beträchtlicher Dicke, die im weiteren proportional mit der Wandstärke zunimmt. Bei dickeren Gußstücken kann die Stärke dieser auszudrehenden Schicht bis zu 15?o der Wandstärke betragen. Die Stärke dieser Oxidschicht wird insbesondere von der Abkühlgeschwindigkεit der Schmelze und der Zeitdauer beeinflußt, wäh- rend der die Schmelze an der Innenfläche des Gußstückes höhere Temperatur behält, da sich der Luftsauerstoff ungünstig auswirkt und die Dicke der sich auf der Innenfläche ausbildenden Oxidschicht beeinflußt.When producing centrifugal castings from copper, copper alloys or other oxygen-sensitive alloys, in particular bronze, an oxidation layer is formed on the inner surface of the castings by oxidation, which layer must be removed. The thickness of this oxidation layer depends in particular on the wall thickness of the casting and on the oxygen absorbed during the casting process and during cooling. Even with relatively small wall thicknesses of approximately 15 to 20 mm, a disruptive oxidation layer of considerable thickness is formed, which further increases proportionally with the wall thickness. In the case of thick castings, the thickness of this layer to be turned out can be up to 15? The thickness of this oxide layer is influenced in particular by the cooling rate of the melt and the period of time during which the melt remains at a higher temperature on the inner surface of the casting, since the atmospheric oxygen has an unfavorable effect and influences the thickness of the oxide layer which forms on the inner surface.
Ein Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Oberfläche von Schleuderguß- stückeπ ist z.B. aus der DE-OS 2 422 339 bekannt. Erfindungsgemäß ist ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Zuschlagstoff unmittelbar nach dem Gießvorgang auf die insbesondere noch flüssige Innenfläche festes, vorzugsweise pulverförmiges, Borax, gegebenenfalls gemeinsam mit feinteiligen Gemengen aus Sauerstoffäffinen Metallen, z.B. Mg, Li, Cer, und/oder Graphit- und/oder Schamotte- und/oder Holzkohlenpulver, mit einer Schichtdicke von 0,5 bis 4 mm, vorzugsweise 1 bis 3 mm, aufgebracht wird. Das Einbringen von Borax nach dem Abgießen der Schmelze bewirkt, daß eine Ausbildung einer unerwünschten Oxidationsschicht nahezu völliα hintanαehalten wird und daß durch Verringerung der Wärmeabgabe die Fließfähigkeit des Metalls an der Innenfläche länger erhalten bleibt, womit das .sogenannte Nachziehen (Nachströmen des noch fließfähigen Metalles beim Erstarren) während der Erstarrung begünstigt v/ird. Es zeigt sich, daß eine beträchtliche Verminderung der bisher notwendigen Inπenzugabe auf etwa 1/4 des bisher notwendigen Übermaßes erreicht werden konnte. Dadurch kann in den meisten Fällen bei den hergestellten Gußstücken das Vordrehen entfallen und auch für dickere Wandstärken wird die Möglichkeit geboten, derartige Gußstücke in Vordrehqualität herstellen zu können. Damit ergeben sich beträchtliche Arbeits-, Material- und Gewichtseinsparungen, die von einer beträchtlichen Kostenersparnis begleitet sind.A method for improving the surface of centrifugal casting pieces is known, for example, from DE-OS 2 422 339. According to the invention, a method of the type mentioned at the outset is characterized in that, immediately after the pouring process, solid, preferably powdery, borax, optionally together with finely divided mixtures of oxygen-affine metals, for example Mg, Li, cerium, and / or as additive onto the still liquid inner surface Graphite and / or chamotte and / or charcoal powder, with a layer thickness of 0.5 to 4 mm, preferably 1 to 3 mm, is applied. The introduction of borax after pouring off the melt has the effect that formation of an undesired oxidation layer is almost completely prevented and that by reducing the heat emission, the flowability of the metal on the inner surface is maintained for a longer time, which favors the so-called retightening (afterflow of the still flowable metal during solidification) during the solidification. It turns out that a considerable reduction of the previously necessary internal addition to about 1/4 of the previously necessary excess could be achieved. As a result, in most cases, the pre-turning of the castings produced can be omitted and even for thicker walls, the possibility is offered to be able to produce such castings in pre-turning quality. This results in considerable labor, material and weight savings, which are accompanied by considerable cost savings.
Im Hinblick auf die Ausführungen auf Seite 10, vierter Absatz der DE-OS 2 422 339, sollen die Zuschlagstoffe gleichzeitig mit der Schmelze aufgegeben werden. Die vorgesehenen Zuschlagstoffe und das gemeinsame Einführen von Schmelze und Zuschlagstoffen in die Kokille ist aber gerade bei Buπtmetallen einem gleichmäßigen Gesamtgußgefüge abträglich; überdies können mit der Zugabe speziell von Borax, allenfalls mit den weiteren er¬ findungsgemäß zugesetzten Zuschlagstoffen, ein verbesserter Schutz gegen Oxidation und eine weitaus bessere Oberflächenstruktur erreicht werden als bei der aus dieser DE-OS bekannten Vorgangsweise. Die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene Zugabe von Borax auf die gerade ausgebildete noch flüssige Metalloberfläche in der angegebenen Schichtdicke ermöglicht die Ausbildung einer lunker- und fehlerfreien Oberfläche, die ohne Zwischen¬ bearbeitung maßgedreht werden kann. Das gemeinsame Abgießen bzw. Einführen von Schmelze und Zuschlagstoffen in die kalte Kokille führt aufgrund der relativ raschen Abkühlung insbesondere von dünnwandigen Schleudergußstücken und der nicht allzugroßen Unterschiede in den spezi¬ fischen Gewichten der Schmelze und der Zuschlagstoffe dazu, daß ein Auf¬ schwimmen der Zuschlagstoffe in der Schmelze bis zum Erstarrungseintritt aus Zeitmangel nicht immer in ausreichendem Maß erfolgt, sodaß die Zu¬ schlagstoffe in der erkalteten Schmelze verteilt vorliegen. Bei dünnwan¬ digen Gegenständen führt dies oftmals zu unbrauchbaren Gußstücken. Borax besitzt den Vorteil, daß es eine ausgesprochen gute Tendenz zeigt, auf der Schmelzenoberfläche verteilt zu bleiben. Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn : unmittelbar sofort nach dem Abgießen der Schmelze auf die Innenfläche des Gußstückes die Schicht aus Borax mit der angegebenen Dicke ausgebildet wird. Das aufgegebene Borax schmilzt bei den herrschenden Temperaturen und eine Schicht mit dieser Dicke ist aus¬ reichend, um den von der Legierung während des Gießvorganges aufgenomme¬ nen Sauerstoff abzubinden und die Ausbildung einer Oxidschicht zu ver¬ hindern. Gleichzeitig erfolgt ein ausreichender Schutz gegen den Luft- Sauerstoff. Eine negative Bee_influssung des Gefüges des Gegenstandes unterbleibt.With regard to the explanations on page 10, fourth paragraph of DE-OS 2 422 339, the additives should be added simultaneously with the melt. The proposed additives and the joint introduction of melt and additives into the mold is detrimental to a uniform overall casting structure, especially in the case of bulk metals; moreover, with the addition of borax in particular, if necessary with the further additives added according to the invention, improved protection against oxidation and a far better surface structure can be achieved than in the procedure known from this DE-OS. The addition of borax according to the invention to the just-formed, still liquid metal surface in the specified layer thickness enables the formation of a void-free and flaw-free surface which can be dimensionally turned without intermediate processing. The joint pouring or introduction of melt and additives into the cold mold leads, due to the relatively rapid cooling, particularly of thin-walled centrifugal castings, and the not too large differences in the specific weights of the melt and the additives, to the fact that the additives float up the melt does not always take place to a sufficient extent until the onset of solidification due to lack of time, so that the additives are distributed in the cooled melt. With thin-walled objects, this often leads to unusable castings. Borax has the advantage that it shows a very good tendency to remain distributed on the melt surface. It is advantageous if: Immediately after pouring the melt onto the inner surface of the casting, the layer of borax is formed with the specified thickness. The abandoned borax melts the prevailing temperatures and a layer with this thickness is sufficient to bind the oxygen absorbed by the alloy during the casting process and to prevent the formation of an oxide layer. At the same time there is sufficient protection against air-oxygen. There is no negative influence on the structure of the object.
Bevorzugt ist es, Borax, gegebenenfalls gemeinsam mit den Gemengen, pulverförmig aufzugeben, so daß sie sich im Zuge der weiteren Drehung der Kokille mit dem Gußstück gleichmäßig über die Innenfläche des Gu߬ stückes verteilen können. Wenn Borax und Gemenge mit geringer Wärmeleitfähigkeit eingesetzt werden, wird die Oberflächenqualität der Innenfläche weiter verbessert, da das Nachströmen des noch fließfähigen Metalles beim Erstarren auf der Innenfläche noch länger möglich ist.It is preferred to add borax in powder form, optionally together with the batches, so that they can be distributed evenly over the inner surface of the casting in the course of the further rotation of the mold with the casting. If borax and batches with low thermal conductivity are used, the surface quality of the inner surface is further improved, since it is still possible for the metal, which is still flowable, to flow further during solidification on the inner surface.
Die Menge bzw. die Schichtdicke, in der Borax und gegebenenfalls die Gemenge eingebracht v/erden, wird insbesondere durch die Dicke des Werkstückes und den Durchmesser der Bohrung bzw. des Hohlvolumens des Werkstückes bestimmt.The amount or the layer thickness in which borax and possibly the mixture are introduced is determined in particular by the thickness of the workpiece and the diameter of the bore or the hollow volume of the workpiece.
Eine Vorrichtung zum Schleudergießen von Kupfer oder dessen Legie¬ rungen, insbesondere Bronze, ist erfindungsgemäß dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zusätzlich zum Gießrohr eine in die Kokille, insbesondere ins Innere des Gußstücks, führende oder in diese(s) einführbare Abgabeeinrichtung, z.B. ein Rohr, eine Schüttrinne od.dgl., vorgesehen ist, mit der festes, vorzugsweise pulverförmiges, Borax, gegebenenfalls gemeinsam mit fein- teiligen Gemengen aus Sauerstoffäffinen Metallen,z.B. Mg, Li, Cer, und/oder Graphit-, und/oder Schamotte- und/oder Holzkohlenpulver mit einer Schichtdicke von 0,5 bis 4 mm, vorzugsweise 1 bis 3 mm, auf die Innenfläche des Gußstückes aufbringbar ist. Eine derartige Abgabeeiπrich- tung kann relativ einfach aufgebaut sein und hat den Zweck, den in die Kokille einzubringenden Zuschlagstoffe ohne Aufwand einführen zu können. Prinzipiell ist es möglich, auch händisch, z.B. mit einer Schaufel, das Borax bzw. die Gemenge einzuschütten, jedoch ist die Dosierung mit Abgabeeinrichtungeπ genauer und die Anordnung derartiger Abgabe¬ einrichtungen, insbesondere bei einem automatisierten Gießbetrieb, vor¬ teilhaft.A device for centrifugal casting of copper or its alloys, in particular bronze, is characterized according to the invention in that, in addition to the pouring tube, a dispensing device which leads into the mold, in particular into the interior of the casting, or can be inserted therein, e.g. a pipe, a chute or the like is provided, with which solid, preferably powdered, borax, optionally together with finely divided mixtures of oxygen-affine metals, e.g. Mg, Li, cerium, and / or graphite, and / or chamotte and / or charcoal powder with a layer thickness of 0.5 to 4 mm, preferably 1 to 3 mm, can be applied to the inner surface of the casting. Such a dispensing device can be of relatively simple construction and has the purpose of being able to introduce the additives to be introduced into the mold without any effort. In principle, it is also possible to do it manually, e.g. with a shovel to pour in the borax or the batch, however the dosing with dispensing devices is more precise and the arrangement of such dispensing devices is advantageous, particularly in an automated casting operation.
Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausführung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung kann vorgesehen sein, daß die Abgabeeinrichtung eine um ihre Längser¬ streckung, insbesondere Längskante, vorzugsweise gegen die Wirkung einer Feder, in Abgabestellung kipp- bzw. verschwenkbar gelagerte Rinne ist, die in einem vorzugsweise relativ zur Kokille bewegbaren Träger bzw. Ge- häuse verdrehbar gelagert ist oder an dem Gießrohr verschwenkbar gelagert und mit diesem in die Kokille ein- und ausfahrbar ist.In an advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention it can be provided that the dispensing device is a channel which can be tilted or pivoted about its longitudinal extension, in particular longitudinal edge, preferably against the action of a spring, and which is mounted in a preferably movable relative to the mold in the dispensing position Carrier housing is rotatably mounted or pivotally mounted on the pouring tube and can be moved into and out of the mold with it.
Die Erfindung richtet sich ferner auch auf eine Verwendung von vor¬ zugsweise pulverförmigen. Borax für die Aufbringung auf die (Innen)Oberfläche von im Schleuderguß hergestellten Werkstücken unmittelbar folgend auf das Abgießen der Schmelze aus Kupfer, Kupferle¬ gierungen, insbesondereBronze. Dieser Eiπsatzzweck von Borax ist neu und bringt die oben angegebenen Wirkungen.The invention also relates to the use of preferably powdery. Borax for application to the (inner) surface of workpieces produced by centrifugal casting immediately following the casting of the melt from copper, copper alloys, in particular bronze. This purpose of Borax is new and brings the effects indicated above.
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung an Hand von in der Zeichnung schema- tisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele von erfindungsgemäßen Vorrich¬ tungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen: Fig.l zeigt in einem schematischen Schnitt und Fig.la in einer Seitenansicht eine erste Ausführungsform der Erfindung und Fig.2 und 2a zeigen in schematischen Schnitten und Fig.2b in einer Seitenansicht eine zweite Ausführungsform der Erfindung. Gemäß Fig.l ist eine Abgabeöffnung 4 eines mit einer Schamotteaus¬ kleidung 3 versehenen Schmelzenbehälters bzw. Gußtrichters 1 mittels einer Muffe 5 mit einem Gießrohr 6 verbunden, das vorne und oben bzw. seitlich zum Austritt der Schmelze geöffnet ist und in eine Kokille 2 entsprechend Pfeil 16 einführbar ist. An der dem Gießtrichter 1 abge- wandten Seite der Kokille 2 mit Endwänden 2" ist eine Abgabeeinrichtung 7, im vorliegenden Fall eine um ihre Läπgserstreckung kippbare Rinne, vorgesehen, die in Richtung des Pfeiles 10 in die Kokille 2 ein und aus dieser ausgefahren werden kann. Die Rinne kann in ausgefahrene Stellung hänαisch oder aus einem angedeuteten Vorratsbehälter 8 beim Ein- oder Ausfahren mit Borax und gegebenenfalls feinteiligen Gemengen aus sauer- s offaffiπen Metallen und/oder Graphit- und/oder Schamotte- und/oder Holzkohlepulver beschickt werden. Mit dem Einfahren bzw. der Zufuhrt von Borax bzw. des Gemenges auf das Gußstück 9 wird unmittelbar nach Beendi¬ gung des Einbringens der Schmelze bzw. nach Ausfahren des Gießrohres 6 begonnen. Nachdem sich das Gußstück 9 so weit abgekühlt hat, daß eine weitere Oxidation bzw. Ausbildung einer Oxidschicht auf der Innenfläche nicht mehr eintreten kann, wird das Gußstück 9 eπtformt und durch Drehen fertig bearbeitet.The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments of devices according to the invention shown schematically in the drawing. 1 shows in a schematic section and FIG. 1 in a side view a first embodiment of the invention and FIGS. 2 and 2a show in schematic sections and FIG. 2 b in a side view a second embodiment of the invention. According to FIG. 1, a discharge opening 4 of a melt container or casting funnel 1 provided with fireclay clothing 3 is connected by means of a sleeve 5 to a pouring tube 6, which is open at the front and top or to the side for the exit of the melt and into a mold 2 accordingly Arrow 16 is insertable. On the side of the mold 2 with end walls 2 ″ facing away from the pouring funnel 1, a dispensing device 7, in the present case a channel which can be tilted by its length, is provided and can be moved into and out of the mold 2 in the direction of arrow 10 In the extended position, the gutter can be loaded manually or from an indicated storage container 8 when entering or leaving borax and possibly fine-particle mixtures of acidic, off-affinity metals and / or graphite and / or chamotte and / or charcoal powder Driving in or the feeding of borax or the batch onto the casting 9 is started immediately after the introduction of the melt or after the pouring tube 6 has ended. After the casting 9 has cooled down to such an extent that further oxidation or Formation of an oxide layer on the inner surface can no longer occur, the casting 9 is eπtformt and finished by turning.
Fig.l zeigt eine seitliche Ansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrich- tung. In Fig.l und la erkennt man einen Handgriff 11, mit dem die Rinne 7 gegen die Wirkung einer Feder 12 in Richtung des Pfeiles 13 verschweπkbar ist. Dazu ist der Endbereich 15 der Rinne 7 in einem Gehäuse 14 verdreh¬ bar gelagert, welches auch die Feder 12 aufnimmt. Die Rinne 7 ragt zu- mindest bis zur Mitte des Gußstückes 9, vorzugsweise bis nahe zum gegen¬ überliegenden Rand des Gußstückes 9. Die in Fig.l und la beschriebene An¬ ordnung ist insbesondere dann verwendbar, wenn der Innendurchmesser des Gußstückes relativ klein ist und das Gießrohr 6 und die Rinne 7 nicht ge- einsam Platz finden. Es ist durchaus möglich, den Schmelzenbehälter bzw. Gießtrichter 1 mit dem Gießrohr 6 ebenso wie die Rinne 7 stationär anzu¬ ordnen und das Gußstück 9 mit der Kokille 2 vom Gießrohr 6 abzuziehen und auf die Rinne 2 aufzuschieben; in diesem Fall ist nur die Kokille zu be¬ wegen. In Fig.l ist strichliert die Möglichkeit angedeutet, die offene Flä¬ che der Rinne 7 mit einem rinnen- bzw. halbschalenförmigen Abdeckschirm 7' zu überdachen, der am Gehäuse 14 befestigt ist. Falls die Rinne 7 und das Gießrohr 6 gleichzeitig in die Kokille beim Gießen eingeführt sind, wird vermieden, daß Metall in die Rinne 7 gelangt. Zum Ausleeren des Pulvers wird die Rinne 7 unter den Abdeckschirm 71 verschweπkt. In Fig.2 übernimmt das Gießrohr 6 die Funktion des Abdeckschirms 7'.Fig.l shows a side view of the device according to the invention. In Fig.l and la you can see a handle 11 with which the channel 7 against the action of a spring 12 in the direction of arrow 13 can be pivoted. For this purpose, the end region 15 of the channel 7 is rotatably supported in a housing 14, which also receives the spring 12. The channel 7 protrudes at least to the middle of the casting 9, preferably up to close to the opposite edge of the casting 9. The arrangement described in FIGS. 1 and 1 a can be used in particular when the inside diameter of the casting is relatively small and the pouring tube 6 and Channel 7 cannot find a single place. It is entirely possible to arrange the melt container or pouring funnel 1 with the pouring tube 6 as well as the channel 7 in a stationary manner and to pull the casting 9 with the mold 2 off the pouring tube 6 and to push it onto the channel 2; in this case only the mold has to be moved. The possibility of covering the open surface of the channel 7 with a channel-shaped or half-shell-shaped cover screen 7 ', which is fastened to the housing 14, is indicated in dashed lines in FIG. If the channel 7 and the pouring tube 6 are simultaneously inserted into the mold during casting, it is avoided that metal gets into the channel 7. To empty the powder, the channel 7 is pivoted under the cover screen 7 1 . In Fig.2, the pouring tube 6 takes over the function of the cover screen 7 '.
Fig.2 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung, bei der die Rinne 7 mit dem Gießrohr 6 kombiniert ist. Diese Anordnung ist platzsparend und insbesondere bei Gußstücken 9 mit etwas größerem Innendurchmesser ein- setzbar. Die Rinne 7 ist, z.B. mittels Lager und Lagerzapfen, auf dem Gießrohr 6 um ihre Längserstreckung bzw. Längskante relativ zum Gießrohr 6 schwenkbar gelagert; über eine z.B. am Schmelzentrichter 1 gelagerte Welle 17 ist sie mit dem Handgriff 11 verbunden, der gegen die Wirkung der Feder 12 verstellbar ist, welche Feder 12 die Rinne 7 in geschlosse- πer Stellung, d.h. in Anlage an das Gießrohr 6 drückt, wie sie in Fig. a dargestellt ist. Das Befüllen der Rinne 7 erfolgt in ausgefahrenem Zu¬ stand. Diese Vorrichtung hat den Vorteil, daß unmittelbar nach dem Ende der Schmelzeneinbringung das Borax bzw. die Gemenge aufgegeben werden können. Anstelle des Handgriffes 11 können auch mechanische Handhabungsein¬ richtungen vorgesehen sein. Die Querschnittsform der Rinne kann beliebig sein.2 shows a device according to the invention, in which the channel 7 is combined with the pouring tube 6. This arrangement is space-saving and can be used in particular with castings 9 with a somewhat larger inner diameter. The gutter 7 is e.g. by means of bearings and journals, mounted on the pouring tube 6 so as to be pivotable about their longitudinal extent or longitudinal edge relative to the pouring tube 6; via e.g. Shaft 17 mounted on the melting hopper 1 is connected to the handle 11, which is adjustable against the action of the spring 12, which spring 12 the groove 7 in the closed position, i.e. presses against the pouring tube 6, as shown in Fig. a. The channel 7 is filled in the extended state. This device has the advantage that the borax or the batch can be added immediately after the introduction of the melt has ended. Instead of the handle 11, mechanical handling devices can also be provided. The cross-sectional shape of the channel can be any.
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines Beispieles näher er¬ läutert: Es sollte im Schleuderguß ein Rohling aus Rotguß nach DIN 1705, Schmelzenzusammensetzuπg Gz-Rg 7, von 172 mm Außendurchmesser und 134 mm Innendurchmesser bei 460 mm Länge hergestellt werden, der für die Her¬ stellung eines Gleitlagers bestimmt war. Die waagrecht gelagerte Stahl- kokille wurde auf etwa 150°C vorgewärmt. Nach Verschließen der Kokille wurde eine Eingießvorrichtung zentrisch angebracht, wobei die Ausflu߬ öffnung des Eingießtrichters auf die Gußmasse abgestimmt ist und 28 mm Durchmesser hatte. An den Eingießtrichter wurde eine Gießrinne ange- schlössen, die über zwei Drittel der Länge der Kokille reicht und sich annähernd horizontal in diese erstreckt. Mittels dieser Eingießvorrich¬ tung wurde die abgewogene und auf 1150°C erhitzte Schmelze bei Steigerung der Umfangsgeschwindigkeit der Kokilleninnenwand auf 7 m/s derart einge¬ gossen, daß der Gießtrichter mit einer Badspiegelhöhe von etwa 200 mm mit Schmelze gefüllt bleibt, wodurch ein konstanter Durchfluß und eine gleichmäßige Verteilung der Schmelze mittels der Eingußriπne in der Ko¬ kille gewährleistet wird. Die Gießzeit beträgt etwa 4 Sekunden. Danach wurde die Eingießvorrichtung entfernt und die Kokille mit Wasser gekühlt, worauf nach Erstarrung des Rohlings dieser aus der Kokille entnommen wurde. Unmittelbar nach Beendigung der Schmelzenzufuhr wurde in die Ko¬ kille Borax von Hand aufgegeben in einer Menge, daß sich auf der Innen¬ fläche des Rohlings eine Schicht von geschmolzenen Borax ausbildete, die eine Dicke von etwa 1 mm hatte. Eine nennenswerte Oxidschichte an der In¬ nenfläche wurde verhindert; die normalen Unebenheiten der Gußwand konnten im Zuge der Hauptdrehbearbeitung entfernt werden, sodaß das erwartete Vorabdrehen der Oxidschichte entfallen konnte.The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of an example: A blank made of gunmetal in accordance with DIN 1705, melt composition Gz-Rg 7, 172 mm in outside diameter and 134 mm in inside diameter and 460 mm in length was to be produced by centrifugal casting, which is suitable for the manufacturer ¬ position of a plain bearing was determined. The horizontally mounted steel The mold was preheated to approximately 150 ° C. After the mold was closed, a pouring device was attached centrally, the outflow opening of the pouring funnel being matched to the casting compound and having a diameter of 28 mm. A pouring trough was connected to the pouring funnel, which extends over two thirds of the length of the mold and extends almost horizontally into it. By means of this pouring device, the weighed and heated to 1150 ° C. melt was poured in while increasing the peripheral speed of the mold inner wall to 7 m / s in such a way that the pouring funnel remains filled with melt with a bath level height of approximately 200 mm, whereby a constant flow and a uniform distribution of the melt is ensured by means of the sprue in the mold. The casting time is about 4 seconds. The pouring device was then removed and the mold was cooled with water, after which the solid had been removed from the mold after it had solidified. Immediately after the melt supply had ended, borax was added by hand to the mold in an amount such that a layer of molten borax, which had a thickness of approximately 1 mm, formed on the inner surface of the blank. An appreciable oxide layer on the inner surface was prevented; the normal unevenness of the cast wall could be removed in the course of the main turning, so that the expected turning of the oxide layer could be omitted.
Die Abmessungen der Gußstücke, die beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellt werden können, spielen keine Rolle; es sind kurze Ringe von z.B. 50 mm Länge und Rohre von z.B. 2000 mm Länge in gleicher Weise her- stellbar. The dimensions of the castings that can be produced in the method according to the invention are irrelevant; they are short rings from e.g. 50 mm length and pipes of e.g. 2000 mm length can be produced in the same way.

Claims

Patentansprüche : Claims:
1. Verfahren zum Schleudergießen von Kupfer, Kupferlegierungen oder anderen Sauerstoffempfindlichen Legierungen, insbesondere Bronze, wobei zur Verringerung bzw. Vermeidung der sich an der Innenfläche des Gußstückes ausbildenden Oxidschicht in die Gießform zumindest ein Zu¬ schlagstoff eingebracht wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Zuschlag¬ stoff unmittelbar nach dem Gießvorgang auf die insbesondere noch flüssige Innenfläche des Gußstückes festes, vorzugsweise pulverförmiges, Borax, gegebenenfalls gemeinsam mit feinteiligen Gemengen aus Sauerstoffäffinen Metallen, z.B. Mg, Li, Cer, und/oder Graphit- und/oder Scha otte- und/oder Holzkohlenpulver, mit einer Schichtdicke von 0,5 bis 4 mm, vor¬ zugsweise 1 bis 3 mm, aufgebracht wird.1. A process for centrifugal casting of copper, copper alloys or other oxygen-sensitive alloys, in particular bronze, at least one additive being introduced into the casting mold to reduce or avoid the oxide layer which forms on the inner surface of the casting, characterized in that as an additive Immediately after the pouring process, the solid, preferably powdery, borax, in particular together with finely divided mixtures of oxygen-affine metals, for example on the still liquid inner surface of the casting Mg, Li, Cer, and / or graphite and / or Scotch and / or charcoal powder, with a layer thickness of 0.5 to 4 mm, preferably 1 to 3 mm, is applied.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ko- kille mit dem Gußstück nach dem Einbringen des die Schicht bildenden Zu¬ schlagstoffes weiter gedreht wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mold is rotated further with the casting after the addition of the aggregate forming the layer.
3. Vorrichtung zum Schleudergießen von Kupfer, Kupferlegierungen oder anderen Sauerstoffempfindlichen Legierungen, insbesondere Bronze, zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, mit einer dreh- baren Kokille und einem Gießrohr, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zusätzlich zum Gießrohr (7) eine in die Kokille (2), insbesondere ins Innere des Gußstücks, führende oder in diese(s) einführbare Abgabeeiπrichtung (6), z.B. ein Rohr, eine Schüttrinne od.dgl., vorgesehen ist, mit der festes, vorzugsweise pulverförmiges, Borax, gegebenenfalls gemeinsam mit fein- teiligen Gemengen aus Sauerstoffäffinen Metallen, z.B. Mg, Li, Cer, und/oder Graphit- und/oder Schamotte- und/oder Holzkohlenpulver mit einer Schichtdicke von 0,5 bis 4 mm, vorzugsweise 1 bis 3 mm, auf die Innen¬ fläche des Gußstückes aufbringbar ist.3. Device for centrifugal casting of copper, copper alloys or other oxygen-sensitive alloys, in particular bronze, for performing the method according to claim 1 or 2, with a rotatable mold and a pouring tube, characterized in that in addition to the pouring tube (7) Mold (2), in particular into the inside of the casting, leading or into this (s) insertable discharge device (6), for example a pipe, a chute or the like is provided, with which solid, preferably powdered, borax, optionally together with finely divided mixtures of oxygen-affine metals, e.g. Mg, Li, cerium, and / or graphite and / or chamotte and / or charcoal powder with a layer thickness of 0.5 to 4 mm, preferably 1 to 3 mm, can be applied to the inner surface of the casting.
4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ab- gabeeinrichtung eine um ihre Längserstreckung, insbesondere Längskante, vorzugsweise gegen die Wirkung einer Feder (12), in Abgabestellung kipp- bzw. verschwenkbar gelagerte Rinne (6) ist, die in einem vorzugsweise relativ zur Kokille (2) bewegbaren Träger bzw. Gehäuse (14) verdrehbar gelagert ist oder an dem Gießrohr (7) verschwenkbar gelagert und mit die- sem in die Kokille (2) ein- und ausfahrbar ist.4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the dispensing device is a trough (6) which can be tilted or pivoted about its longitudinal extent, in particular longitudinal edge, preferably against the action of a spring (12), in the dispensing position Preferably, the support or housing (14), which is movable relative to the mold (2), is rotatably mounted or is pivotably mounted on the pouring tube (7) and can be moved in and out with the mold (2).
5. Verwendung von vorzugsweise pulverigem Borax für die Aufbringung auf die (Innen)Oberfläche von im Schleuderguß hergestellten Werkstücken unmittelbar folgend auf das Abgießen der Schmelze aus Kupfer, Kupferle¬ gierungen, insbesondere Bronze. 5. Use of preferably powdery borax for application to the (inner) surface of workpieces produced by centrifugal casting immediately following the pouring of the melt from copper, copper alloys, in particular bronze.
EP89912616A 1988-11-28 1989-11-20 Process and device for centrifugal casting of copper and copper alloys Expired - Lifetime EP0445140B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT2915/88 1988-11-28
AT2915/88A AT392228B (en) 1988-11-28 1988-11-28 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SPIN CASTING COPPER OR ITS ALLOYS, IN PARTICULAR BRONZE

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EP0445140A1 true EP0445140A1 (en) 1991-09-11
EP0445140B1 EP0445140B1 (en) 1993-06-23

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AT (2) AT392228B (en)
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US6024779A (en) * 1998-07-30 2000-02-15 Amcol International Corporation Method of protecting copper melt from oxidation with carbon sand
FR2835209B1 (en) * 2002-01-25 2004-06-18 Pechiney Electrometallurgie PRODUCTS FOR THE PROTECTION OF CONTINUOUS CASTING MOLDS FROM CAST IRON
MX2017003083A (en) * 2014-09-12 2017-10-11 Imerys Graphite & Carbon Switzerland Sa Improvements in methods and systems requiring lubrication.
CN108326259A (en) * 2018-01-20 2018-07-27 中北大学 A method of improving steel-copper solid-liquid composite casting interface bond strength
CN114406228A (en) * 2022-01-10 2022-04-29 营口理工学院 Copper alloy casting forming nano chromium phase in solidification process and casting method

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CA2004061A1 (en) 1990-05-28
ATE90897T1 (en) 1993-07-15
WO1990006196A3 (en) 1990-07-26
ATA291588A (en) 1990-08-15
EP0445140B1 (en) 1993-06-23
AT392228B (en) 1991-02-25
WO1990006196A2 (en) 1990-06-14
CA2004061C (en) 1997-02-25
US5193604A (en) 1993-03-16

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