EP0437447B1 - A switching circuit - Google Patents

A switching circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0437447B1
EP0437447B1 EP89910212A EP89910212A EP0437447B1 EP 0437447 B1 EP0437447 B1 EP 0437447B1 EP 89910212 A EP89910212 A EP 89910212A EP 89910212 A EP89910212 A EP 89910212A EP 0437447 B1 EP0437447 B1 EP 0437447B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
load
circuit
electromagnetic relay
contactless switch
time delay
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP89910212A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0437447A1 (en
Inventor
Sverre Lillemo
Kjell Inge Iversen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IVERSEN KJELL
Original Assignee
IVERSEN KJELL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=19891254&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0437447(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by IVERSEN KJELL filed Critical IVERSEN KJELL
Publication of EP0437447A1 publication Critical patent/EP0437447A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0437447B1 publication Critical patent/EP0437447B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Revoked legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
    • H01H47/18—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay for introducing delay in the operation of the relay
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H01H2009/545—Contacts shunted by static switch means comprising a parallel semiconductor switch being fired optically, e.g. using a photocoupler

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to a switching circuit for making and breaking capacitive, inductive and resistive load in an electrical circuit, as disclosed in the introductory part of Claim 1, such a circuit being known from EP-A- 0 146 809.
  • Electrodes are known in various embodiments, commonly known by the term "relay”.
  • Known electromagnetic relays have been available for several years, but they demand a lot of space, energy, and are besides generating electritical noise at making and breaking. Such devices also require a relatively high controlling power, and are thus precluded for a number of tasks, e.g. where the controlling is being done from a computer.
  • SSR-relays Solid State Relay
  • US Patent specification 4,074,333 discloses a device in which these detrimental features by far are eliminated.
  • Said device operates by means of first making the load using an electronical coupling means, a bidirectionally controlled, contact less switch, whereupon a mechanical relay connects and holds the load circuit.
  • the order of making and breaking is controlled by a dedicated sequence controller.
  • Means are provided for controlling the triac, responsive to signals from the sequence controller through a phase detector.
  • the phase detector is provided to ensure making and breaking at the point in time where the phase angel in the load circuit equals zero (zero-voltage crossing).
  • a signal is fed back from the triac-controller to the sequence controller, which, through the energizing means, provide closing of the electromagnetical relay.
  • a disadvantage with the device disclosed in US 4,074,333 is that it comprises a relatively complex circuit including a plurality of relatively complex circuit elements. If this circuit should be designed according to the description, using existing circuit elements, it would become unreasonably expensive. Furthermore, the device would require a relatively great amount of space, so that the device have to be large and expensive, and thus of less commercial interest.
  • Present invention is in some respect based upon similar principle as the device known from said US Patent specification 4,074,333.
  • the present invention is carried out using a minimum of, and simple elements, a fact which results in the circuit does require a minimum of space.
  • the tolerances are not critical for the function of the circuit. All these factors contribute to a very low cost for the manufactured circuit.
  • the function of this embodiment is that a control voltage 11 is applied, for controling making and breaking of the circuit. If AC voltage is to be used, it should be rectified (not shown in the figure). In the presence of the control voltage 11 a current will flow through a diode 12, a resistor 13, and a light-emitting section 14a of an optical coupler. This will in its turn provide trigging of the light-sensitive section 14b.
  • the optical coupler 14a, 14b is of the kind being used to control triacs, and is in addition delaying the making until the phase angle being zero.
  • Optical coupler 14b is connected to the control input of a triac 21, which is capable of making a load 22. Said load can be inductive, capacitive or pure resistive. Provision of voltage to the triac, results in connection of the load.
  • the same voltage 11 starts generating an electric field in capacitor 18 through a resistor 17.
  • the capacitor 18 will, together with the resistor 17, form a time-delay circuit (RC-network), which will, in a period of time determined of the selected values of the resistor 17 and capacitor 18, generate a voltage between the base of a transistor 19 and ground, so that the transistor 19 will conduct current through the control coil of a mechanical relay 20a, which shuts a switch 20b of the relay, making the load 22.
  • a transistor 19 for amplifying the voltage level of the RC-network 17 and 18, the development of a high charge in the RC-network is rendered redundant, and the capacitor can consequently be of a considerably less capacity.
  • control voltage is trigging triac 21, and starts charging the capacitor 18, the same control voltage also starts charging capacitor 16 through the resistor 15.
  • Resistor 15 and resistor 13 are, together with capacitor 16 forming a time delay circuit. This time delay circuit is utilized in breaking the load connection.
  • the RC-network formed of resistor 15, resistor 13, and capacitor 16 will provide current to optical coupler 14a, 14b in a periode of time determined by said RC-network.
  • the transistor 19 will immediately be turned off, opening the electromagnetic relay 20a, 20b.
  • connection to the load will be maintained by means of the triac 21 until the control voltage entirely disappears when the capacitor 16 is sufficiently discharged.
  • the time constant for the RC-network fromed by 13, 15 and 16 should correspond to at least half a period of the load 22. Still, it could be larger, as it is the phase detecting optical coupler observing the breaking being exactly in zero-voltage crossing. This fact implies that a narrow tolerance of the components are not crucial, and it is possible to use inexpensive components to obtain the same result as with more accurate and expensive components.

Abstract

An electrical switching circuit comprising an electromagnetic relay and a bye directively controlled contactless switch. The electrical switching circuit being able to make and break a capacitive, inductive or pure resistive electrical loads without forming arcs and without substantial heat loss. A control voltage as applied through a phase detecting opticoel coupler to a bye directively controlled contactless switch, such as a triac. The same control voltage is also connected to a time delay circuit wherein the time delay circuit after being charged energizes an electromagnetic relay connecting the load circuit. Upon disconnecting the load the sequence of operation is reversed. The electromagnetic relay is deenergized while the time delay circuit retains the opticoel coupler connection which in turn retains the energization of the contactless switch until the phase of the load energy source to be precisely at the zero voltage crossing at which time the contactless switch is also deenergized. The delay built into the time delay circuit is at least one half of the period of the load energy source so that the disconnection will be made at the zero voltage crossover point to prevent any arc from occurring.

Description

  • The invention relates generally to a switching circuit for making and breaking capacitive, inductive and resistive load in an electrical circuit, as disclosed in the introductory part of Claim 1, such a circuit being known from EP-A- 0 146 809.
  • Electrical switching devices are known in various embodiments, commonly known by the term "relay". Known electromagnetic relays have been available for several years, but they demand a lot of space, energy, and are besides generating electritical noise at making and breaking. Such devices also require a relatively high controlling power, and are thus precluded for a number of tasks, e.g. where the controlling is being done from a computer.
  • A different kind of electrical switching circuits are based only upon electronics, i.e. making and breaking is being effected without mechanical contacts; on the contrary, semiconductor technology is utilized. These so-called "SSR-relays" ("Solid State Relay") have great heat losses with high loads, especially with inductive loads. They thus need to be cooled, for which reason they are preclude for a number of tasks, in particular for use over a longer period of time.
  • US Patent specification 4,074,333 discloses a device in which these detrimental features by far are eliminated. Said device operates by means of first making the load using an electronical coupling means, a bidirectionally controlled, contact less switch, whereupon a mechanical relay connects and holds the load circuit. The order of making and breaking is controlled by a dedicated sequence controller. Means are provided for controlling the triac, responsive to signals from the sequence controller through a phase detector. The phase detector is provided to ensure making and breaking at the point in time where the phase angel in the load circuit equals zero (zero-voltage crossing). A signal is fed back from the triac-controller to the sequence controller, which, through the energizing means, provide closing of the electromagnetical relay.
  • An advantage of the device disclosed in US 4,074 333 compared to directly using an electromechanical relay, lies in the fact that arcs are avoided in making and breaking the load circuit, as said load circuit previous is made by the contactless switch. This implies utilizing the advantages from both kinds of switches, the "SSR"-technology provides a non-arc making, and the electromagnetical relay provides a permanent connection without substantial heat losses.
  • A disadvantage with the device disclosed in US 4,074,333 is that it comprises a relatively complex circuit including a plurality of relatively complex circuit elements. If this circuit should be designed according to the description, using existing circuit elements, it would become unreasonably expensive. Furthermore, the device would require a relatively great amount of space, so that the device have to be large and expensive, and thus of less commercial interest.
  • It is therefore a main object for the present invention to provide switching means for making and breaking various kinds of loads to any AC-circuit, especially in cases where any creation of heat or high-frequency noise in making or breaking is undesired or unacceptable, or where risks exist for explosion. Importance is attatched to providing switching means which is compact, simple, reliable and inexpensive in manufacturing. It is a more particular object to improve known switching means, in order to provide switching means being more simple, less expensive, and which require less space.
  • According to the invention, this can be accomplished with a circuit as stated in the characterizing part of Claim 1. Additional favorable features are disclosed in Claims 2 to 5.
  • Present invention is in some respect based upon similar principle as the device known from said US Patent specification 4,074,333. However, as opposed to this, the present invention is carried out using a minimum of, and simple elements, a fact which results in the circuit does require a minimum of space. Furthermore, the tolerances are not critical for the function of the circuit. All these factors contribute to a very low cost for the manufactured circuit.
  • In the following a best mode of using the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawing, showing a circuit diagram of a switching circuit according to present invention.
  • The function of this embodiment is that a control voltage 11 is applied, for controling making and breaking of the circuit. If AC voltage is to be used, it should be rectified (not shown in the figure). In the presence of the control voltage 11 a current will flow through a diode 12, a resistor 13, and a light-emitting section 14a of an optical coupler. This will in its turn provide trigging of the light-sensitive section 14b. The optical coupler 14a, 14b is of the kind being used to control triacs, and is in addition delaying the making until the phase angle being zero. Optical coupler 14b is connected to the control input of a triac 21, which is capable of making a load 22. Said load can be inductive, capacitive or pure resistive. Provision of voltage to the triac, results in connection of the load.
  • Simoultaneously with the control voltage 11 trigging the triac 21, the same voltage 11 starts generating an electric field in capacitor 18 through a resistor 17. The capacitor 18 will, together with the resistor 17, form a time-delay circuit (RC-network), which will, in a period of time determined of the selected values of the resistor 17 and capacitor 18, generate a voltage between the base of a transistor 19 and ground, so that the transistor 19 will conduct current through the control coil of a mechanical relay 20a, which shuts a switch 20b of the relay, making the load 22. In utilizing a transistor 19 for amplifying the voltage level of the RC- network 17 and 18, the development of a high charge in the RC-network is rendered redundant, and the capacitor can consequently be of a considerably less capacity.
  • As the control voltage is trigging triac 21, and starts charging the capacitor 18, the same control voltage also starts charging capacitor 16 through the resistor 15. Resistor 15 and resistor 13 are, together with capacitor 16 forming a time delay circuit. This time delay circuit is utilized in breaking the load connection.
  • As the control voltage 11 is cut off, the RC-network formed of resistor 15, resistor 13, and capacitor 16, will provide current to optical coupler 14a, 14b in a periode of time determined by said RC-network. On the other hand, the transistor 19 will immediately be turned off, opening the electromagnetic relay 20a, 20b. However, connection to the load will be maintained by means of the triac 21 until the control voltage entirely disappears when the capacitor 16 is sufficiently discharged. To have the triac 21 breaking the circuit in zero-voltage crossing, the time constant for the RC-network fromed by 13, 15 and 16, should correspond to at least half a period of the load 22. Still, it could be larger, as it is the phase detecting optical coupler observing the breaking being exactly in zero-voltage crossing. This fact implies that a narrow tolerance of the components are not crucial, and it is possible to use inexpensive components to obtain the same result as with more accurate and expensive components.
  • By using the optical isolator 14a, 14b to make and break the triac 21, it is in addition obtained a galvanic separation between the control circuit 11 and the load 22.

Claims (5)

  1. A switching circuit for making and breaking an electrical load (22) by means of an electromagnetic relay (20a and 20b) and a parallel bidirectively controlled contact less switch (21) to which is connected an optical coupler (14a, 14b), wherein
       at making, the bidirectively controlled contact less switch (21) first will connect the load (22), and after a certain period of time, the electromagnetic relay (20a) will shut; and
       at breaking, the electromagnetic relay (20a) will first open, whereupon the bidirectively controlled contactless switch (21) will disconnect the load (22) in the first, or a subsequent zero-voltage crossing,
    characterized in the optical coupler (14a, 14b) is a phase detecting optical coupler (14a, 14b), having an integrated zero crossing detector, wherein after activation of the light-emitting section (14a), the integrated zero-crossing detector will detect first subsequent zero crossing of the load, so that the light-sensitive section (14b) activates the bidirectively controlled contactless switch (21) at said first zero-crossing of the load.
  2. Circuit according to claim 1,
    characterized in a RC-network (17, 18) being connected in parallel to the relay coil to delay energizing of said coil.
  3. Circuit according to claim 2,
    characterized in the primary coil of the relay (20a) being connected in series with a transistor (19), which amplifies the voltage level from said RC-network (17,18).
  4. Circuit according to claim 1,
    characterized in a RC-network (13, 15, 16) being connected to delay the de-energizing.
  5. Circuit according to claim 4,
    characterized by said RC-network (13, 15, 16) has a time constant greater than, or equal to half a period of the load circuit (22).
EP89910212A 1988-09-19 1989-09-18 A switching circuit Revoked EP0437447B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO884150A NO168009C (en) 1988-09-19 1988-09-19 Electrical switchgear.
NO884150 1988-09-19
PCT/NO1989/000095 WO1990003655A1 (en) 1988-09-19 1989-09-18 A switching circuit

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0437447A1 EP0437447A1 (en) 1991-07-24
EP0437447B1 true EP0437447B1 (en) 1994-07-13

Family

ID=19891254

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89910212A Revoked EP0437447B1 (en) 1988-09-19 1989-09-18 A switching circuit

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US5283706A (en)
EP (1) EP0437447B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH04501785A (en)
AT (1) ATE108572T1 (en)
AU (1) AU4214389A (en)
DE (1) DE68916804T2 (en)
FI (1) FI93402B (en)
LV (1) LV10542B (en)
NO (1) NO168009C (en)
WO (1) WO1990003655A1 (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19803992A1 (en) * 1998-02-02 1999-08-19 Siemens Ag Electromagnetic relay
DE10156342B4 (en) * 2000-11-17 2006-12-14 Yazaki Corp. Load operating arrangement and operating method for a load circuit
CN102969201A (en) * 2012-11-14 2013-03-13 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 Contact feedback type relay control system
EP2898521B1 (en) 2012-11-19 2017-06-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Switching apparatus for controlling the energy supply to a downstream connected electrical motor
EP2873083B1 (en) 2012-08-30 2018-03-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Switching device for controlling power supply of a subsequent electrical motor

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US6037721A (en) * 1996-01-11 2000-03-14 Lutron Electronics, Co., Inc. System for individual and remote control of spaced lighting fixtures
US5637964A (en) * 1995-03-21 1997-06-10 Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. Remote control system for individual control of spaced lighting fixtures
US5699218A (en) * 1996-01-02 1997-12-16 Kadah; Andrew S. Solid state/electromechanical hybrid relay
ATE185449T1 (en) * 1996-05-07 1999-10-15 Siemens Ag HYBRID RELAY
US5633540A (en) * 1996-06-25 1997-05-27 Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. Surge-resistant relay switching circuit
FI107848B (en) * 1996-07-25 2001-10-15 Nokia Networks Oy Coupling arrangement for reducing transients caused by an electromechanical coupling with overcurrent protection
US5987205A (en) * 1996-09-13 1999-11-16 Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. Infrared energy transmissive member and radiation receiver
US5790354A (en) * 1997-03-26 1998-08-04 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Hybrid power switching device
US6046899A (en) * 1997-08-12 2000-04-04 General Electric Company Hybrid protective relay having enhanced contact response time
SE9704686L (en) * 1997-12-15 1999-06-16 Asea Brown Boveri Device and method of coupling
SE9704685L (en) 1997-12-15 1999-06-16 Asea Brown Boveri Coupling device and method
SE9803934D0 (en) * 1997-12-15 1998-11-18 Asea Brown Boveri An electric switching device and a method for performing electrical disconnection of a load
US6140715A (en) * 1998-11-06 2000-10-31 Asea Brown Boveri Ab Electric switching device and a method for performing electric disconnection of a load
SE9804135L (en) 1998-11-30 2000-05-31 Abb Ab Photoconductive switch
US6426858B1 (en) 2000-04-12 2002-07-30 Oem Products, Lc Voltage conditioner and switching device
US6621668B1 (en) * 2000-06-26 2003-09-16 Zytron Control Products, Inc. Relay circuit means for controlling the application of AC power to a load using a relay with arc suppression circuitry
US6624989B2 (en) * 2001-05-18 2003-09-23 Franklin Electric Company, Inc. Arc suppressing circuit employing a triggerable electronic switch to protect switch contacts
KR100434153B1 (en) * 2002-04-12 2004-06-04 엘지산전 주식회사 Hybrid dc electromagnetic contactor
CN100337291C (en) * 2002-11-20 2007-09-12 刘英彰 Spark free on/off control circuit for contact of relay
US7696647B2 (en) * 2003-09-15 2010-04-13 Toshiba International Corp. Coupling node
DE102004058018A1 (en) * 2004-12-01 2006-06-22 Siemens Ag Control circuit for a circuit arrangement
DE502005009632D1 (en) * 2005-03-11 2010-07-08 Gerdes Ohg Heater
CN201004435Y (en) * 2006-08-25 2008-01-09 百利通电子(上海)有限公司 AC relay
DE102007037768A1 (en) * 2007-08-10 2009-02-19 Diehl Ako Stiftung & Co. Kg Switching device and method for driving a consumer
US8102130B2 (en) * 2008-06-20 2012-01-24 Light-On, Llc Electric power distribution system using low voltage control signals
US8089735B2 (en) * 2008-12-01 2012-01-03 Custom Sensors & Technologies, Inc. Hybrid power relay with thermal protection
CN101789334A (en) * 2010-03-02 2010-07-28 罗静 Relay zero crossing disconnection arc extinguishing method
US8619395B2 (en) 2010-03-12 2013-12-31 Arc Suppression Technologies, Llc Two terminal arc suppressor

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19803992A1 (en) * 1998-02-02 1999-08-19 Siemens Ag Electromagnetic relay
DE19803992C2 (en) * 1998-02-02 1999-12-02 Siemens Ag Electromagnetic relay
DE10156342B4 (en) * 2000-11-17 2006-12-14 Yazaki Corp. Load operating arrangement and operating method for a load circuit
EP2873083B1 (en) 2012-08-30 2018-03-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Switching device for controlling power supply of a subsequent electrical motor
CN102969201A (en) * 2012-11-14 2013-03-13 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 Contact feedback type relay control system
EP2898521B1 (en) 2012-11-19 2017-06-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Switching apparatus for controlling the energy supply to a downstream connected electrical motor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI93402B (en) 1994-12-15
EP0437447A1 (en) 1991-07-24
WO1990003655A1 (en) 1990-04-05
FI911187A0 (en) 1991-03-11
ATE108572T1 (en) 1994-07-15
NO884150D0 (en) 1988-09-19
NO168009B (en) 1991-09-23
AU4214389A (en) 1990-04-18
US5283706A (en) 1994-02-01
LV10542A (en) 1995-02-20
JPH04501785A (en) 1992-03-26
NO884150L (en) 1990-03-20
LV10542B (en) 1995-06-20
NO168009C (en) 1994-06-21
DE68916804T2 (en) 1995-02-23
DE68916804D1 (en) 1994-08-18

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