EP0429893A1 - Bushhammering device - Google Patents
Bushhammering device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0429893A1 EP0429893A1 EP90121172A EP90121172A EP0429893A1 EP 0429893 A1 EP0429893 A1 EP 0429893A1 EP 90121172 A EP90121172 A EP 90121172A EP 90121172 A EP90121172 A EP 90121172A EP 0429893 A1 EP0429893 A1 EP 0429893A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- roll
- worked
- sharpened
- correspondent
- bushhammering
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
- B28D1/18—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by milling, e.g. channelling by means of milling tools
- B28D1/181—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by milling, e.g. channelling by means of milling tools using cutters loosely mounted on a turning tool support
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
- B28D1/26—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by impact tools, e.g. by chisels or other tools having a cutting edge
- B28D1/265—Scabbling machines or scabbling tools
Definitions
- the present invention corcerns a new system for effecting the bushhammering and a relevant device for performing such system.
- such an operation may be performed manually by beating the surface to be bushhammered with a suitable tool formed by a pestle or hammer, provided with a plurality of pyramidal points at the end of the mouth thereof, or also with the aid of suitable machines called "bushhammering machines” essentially constituted by a framework slidable on guide members, on which the part or the plate to be bushhammered is disposed, and by a truck supporting the tools formed generally by steel blocks provided with points made of adequate hard material, generally of Widia, which are operated to beat against the surface of the part to be bushhammered, which truck is shifted transversally to the movable framework.
- suitable tools formed by a pestle or hammer, provided with a plurality of pyramidal points at the end of the mouth thereof, or also with the aid of suitable machines called “bushhammering machines” essentially constituted by a framework slidable on guide members, on which the part or the plate to be bushhammered is disposed, and by a truck supporting the tools formed generally
- the known machines serve for the pre-established scope only, that is they may perform the bushhammering operation only and moreover have a reduced working capability, i.e. of the ratio between the worked surface and the required time for performing it.
- the minimum thicknesses of the plates which may be worked are sufficient, since the beating action causes breakage thereof if such thicknesses are choosen smaller than certain values which vary depending on the kind of the treated material.
- the bushhammering operation is not more made by beating but by means of pointed elements, which are only pushed in succession with an adequate pressure against the surface to be worked on which they penetrate fairly by generating corresponding slight parts chipped off and such system is practically performed with a device characterized in that it comprises at least a roll disposed preferably pivoted radially on an adequate rotating means, adapted to shift it circumferentially, said roll being provided at its surface of rotation with a plurality of sharpened elements, adapted to engage the surface to be treated which is disposed parallel to the circumferential shifting plane pf said roll, so that by imparting to said device a suitable thrust against the surface of the part to be treated, said sharpened elements penetrate fairly in the correspondent material and therefore the rotation of the associated roll imparted to it by said rotating means causes at the level of the impact point of each sharpened element the chipping of the material, said device and/or part of material to be treated being also operated to be reciprocally shifted so as to increase the zone worked solely by the rotation of the device to the entire
- the device referred to is basically constituted by a discoidal plate 10 on which some rotating units 20 equally spaced to each other are radially fixed in an adjustable manner at an adequate distance from its centre, which units are adapted to effect the bushhammering operation according to the new system which is object of the present invention.
- the discoidal plate 10 is provided at its lower part with four radial guide grooves 11 have a "T" shaped cross-section, in which associated supports 21 are slidably engaged, on which respective rolls 22 of cylindric shape are applied and are arranged with their axis parallelly to said radial guide grooves 11, namely radially to the same plate, said rolls 22 being also provided on their cylindric surface with a plurality of points constituted by respective sharpened elements 221 having high hardness and mechanical strength.
- said supports 21 are constituted by associated substantially parallelepiped blocks at whose upper part two flanges 211 are laterally projected therefrom, which are adapted to engage the longitudinal hollows 111 provided on the inner sides of said radial longitudinal grooves 11 and inside which a cavity 212 is provided, which passes therethrough orthogonally to said radial guide grooves and extends for the entire portion thereof being projected from said discoidal plate 10, thus providing two plates 213 for supporting said rolls 22.
- Respective holes are provided near the free ends of said plates 213 and centrally thereto, in which holes a cylindric shaft 214 is engaged, which is arranged with its axis parallel to the axis of the correspondent radial guide groove 11 on which said support 21 is fitted and an associated roll 22 is applied to said cylindric shaft 214, which therefore can freely rotate thereon.
- a stud bolt 23 extends othogonally outwards on the upper part of each support 21 and enters respective radial cavities 112 provided on the upper part of said radial guide grooves 11 and extended for an adequate portion thereof, coaxially thereto, from the outer peripheral edge of the discoidal plate 10, and said stud bolt 23 is projected from said discoidal plate 10 with a suitable portion engaged by an associated nut 231.
- Said rotating units 20, described above in detail thus are radially slidable along the associated radial guide grooves 11 and can be fixed at the suitable desired position thereof by tightening the bolts 231 on the respective stud bolts 23.
- said discoidal plate 10 is removably fixed to an associated rotating support 30 by means of adequate fixing means provided on this support.
- said rotating support 30 is illustrated by a thin line and by way of example it is composed of a discoidal flange 31 extended from a shaft 32 and provided with stud bolts 33 entering correspondent holes provided on said discoidal plate 10 and engaged by associated bolts 34, adapted to permit the connected of said discoidal plate 10 to said discoidal flange 31.
- said rotating support 30 may have a different shape depending on the kind of machine which, as explained hereinafter, could be employed for performing the bushhammering operation.
- the unit constituting the device referred to is laid on the surface of the part to be worked, so that it presses on this part with an adequate pressure, then the rotating support 30 connected thereto is put in rotation while imparting at the same time a relative shifting between said device and the part to be worked.
- sharpened elements 221 which come into contact with the surface to be worked, due to their superficial hardness and the relevant limited resistance of penetration on the material being worked and to the pressure imparted thereto, penetrate fairly therein.
- the contemporaneous relative shifting between the device and the part being worked permits to extend the treatment to the whole surface which one desires to treat.
- the discoidal plate 10 is provided centrally with a through hole 4 which then is connected to the hole 35 which can be provided on the shaft 32 and an adequate fluid such i.e. water or also air may be directed through the so resulting conduit toward the surface being worked, thus such fluid being adapted to perform particular functions which are helpful for the same working operation.
- the device referred to comprises four rotating units 20, but, obviously, it is well understood that such number may vary anyhow.
- a most reduced and for some aspects more rational arrangement thereof could be i.e. that composed solely of three rotating units 20, always disposed equally spaced to each other.
- said rotating units are illustrated all positioned at the same distance from the centre of the discoidal plate 10, but, clearly, they may also be disposed at different distances.
- the described device can be applied also to various kinds of machines which normally are employed for effecting other working operations.
- the working speed namely the surface treated in the time unit is quite greater than that which can be normally obtained with the known and normally utilized systems and appliances.
- said sharpened elements 221 may have different shape and more precisely pyramidal or conic shape, and may be made integrally with the same roll 22 from which they are extended and in such case, clearly, they are made of the same material thereof or, more conveniently, may be achieved singly and separately by employing materials which are more suitable than those which form the roll 22, such as an appropriate hard material and, thereafter, they can be applied to and irremovably fixed with per se known means and systems on the same roll 22.
- sharpened elements 221 can be disposed on the cylindrical surface of said roll 22 along circumferential lines which are equally spaced and parallel to each other or, more advantageously, along helical lines.
- a remarkably effective particular arrangement thereof is that illustrated by way of example by the fig. 1 and 2, wherein said sharpened elements 221 are disposed along two groups of helicoidal lines equally spaced to each other, a first group of helicoids being spaced of an angle of 30° from the axis of the roll 20, and thus, the other group being spaced of an angle of 60° therefrom.
- the arrangement of the sharpened elements 221 may change anyhow as well as their shape, sizes and reciprocal distances and the sizes and shape of the rolls 22 may change too.
- the shape of the rolls 22 may be that cylindric as illustrated by way of example by the fig. 1 and 2 to which reference is made, or also a frusto-conical shape with the vertex thereof turned preferably inward, that is toward the rotation axis of the discoidal plate 10, or turned outward.
- said rolls instead of being positionable radially in different manners on the discoidal plate 10, said rolls may be connected also at determinate positions thereto.
Abstract
Description
- The present invention corcerns a new system for effecting the bushhammering and a relevant device for performing such system.
- It is known that a particular operation called bushhammering is effected, in order to make rough the surface of parts or plates of various kind of stones or of cement concrete.
- As already known, such an operation may be performed manually by beating the surface to be bushhammered with a suitable tool formed by a pestle or hammer, provided with a plurality of pyramidal points at the end of the mouth thereof, or also with the aid of suitable machines called "bushhammering machines" essentially constituted by a framework slidable on guide members, on which the part or the plate to be bushhammered is disposed, and by a truck supporting the tools formed generally by steel blocks provided with points made of adequate hard material, generally of Widia, which are operated to beat against the surface of the part to be bushhammered, which truck is shifted transversally to the movable framework.
- The known machines serve for the pre-established scope only, that is they may perform the bushhammering operation only and moreover have a reduced working capability, i.e. of the ratio between the worked surface and the required time for performing it.
- Finally, the minimum thicknesses of the plates which may be worked are sufficient, since the beating action causes breakage thereof if such thicknesses are choosen smaller than certain values which vary depending on the kind of the treated material.
- The scope of the present invention is that to obviate the above mentioned limitations and drawbacks and this is obtained through the new bushhammering system referred to and the relevant device permitting it to be performed.
- According to such system, the bushhammering operation is not more made by beating but by means of pointed elements, which are only pushed in succession with an adequate pressure against the surface to be worked on which they penetrate fairly by generating corresponding slight parts chipped off and such system is practically performed with a device characterized in that it comprises at least a roll disposed preferably pivoted radially on an adequate rotating means, adapted to shift it circumferentially, said roll being provided at its surface of rotation with a plurality of sharpened elements, adapted to engage the surface to be treated which is disposed parallel to the circumferential shifting plane pf said roll, so that by imparting to said device a suitable thrust against the surface of the part to be treated, said sharpened elements penetrate fairly in the correspondent material and therefore the rotation of the associated roll imparted to it by said rotating means causes at the level of the impact point of each sharpened element the chipping of the material, said device and/or part of material to be treated being also operated to be reciprocally shifted so as to increase the zone worked solely by the rotation of the device to the entire desired surface.
- In order to undestand better the features and advantages attainable with the system which is object of the present invention, a device adapted to perform it will be hereinafter described in a possible preferred embodiment thereof, by way of a not limitative example only and with reference to the accompanyng drawings, wherein:
- - fig. 1 shows such device in a partially broken side view thereof and
- - fig 2 shows a view taken from the lower part of the same device of fig. 1, that is that which will rest on the surface to be worked.
- With reference to such figures, wherein the items in common are marked with the same references, it is noted that the device referred to is basically constituted by a
discoidal plate 10 on which somerotating units 20 equally spaced to each other are radially fixed in an adjustable manner at an adequate distance from its centre, which units are adapted to effect the bushhammering operation according to the new system which is object of the present invention. - More in detail, the
discoidal plate 10 is provided at its lower part with fourradial guide grooves 11 have a "T" shaped cross-section, in which associatedsupports 21 are slidably engaged, on whichrespective rolls 22 of cylindric shape are applied and are arranged with their axis parallelly to saidradial guide grooves 11, namely radially to the same plate, saidrolls 22 being also provided on their cylindric surface with a plurality of points constituted by respective sharpenedelements 221 having high hardness and mechanical strength. - As clearly pointed out from the above mentioned figures, said
supports 21 are constituted by associated substantially parallelepiped blocks at whose upper part twoflanges 211 are laterally projected therefrom, which are adapted to engage thelongitudinal hollows 111 provided on the inner sides of said radiallongitudinal grooves 11 and inside which acavity 212 is provided, which passes therethrough orthogonally to said radial guide grooves and extends for the entire portion thereof being projected from saiddiscoidal plate 10, thus providing twoplates 213 for supporting saidrolls 22. - Respective holes are provided near the free ends of said
plates 213 and centrally thereto, in which holes a cylindric shaft 214 is engaged, which is arranged with its axis parallel to the axis of the correspondentradial guide groove 11 on which saidsupport 21 is fitted and an associatedroll 22 is applied to said cylindric shaft 214, which therefore can freely rotate thereon. - A
stud bolt 23 extends othogonally outwards on the upper part of eachsupport 21 and enters respectiveradial cavities 112 provided on the upper part of saidradial guide grooves 11 and extended for an adequate portion thereof, coaxially thereto, from the outer peripheral edge of thediscoidal plate 10, and saidstud bolt 23 is projected from saiddiscoidal plate 10 with a suitable portion engaged by an associatednut 231. - Said rotating
units 20, described above in detail, thus are radially slidable along the associatedradial guide grooves 11 and can be fixed at the suitable desired position thereof by tightening thebolts 231 on therespective stud bolts 23. - Finally, said
discoidal plate 10 is removably fixed to an associatedrotating support 30 by means of adequate fixing means provided on this support. - In the figures to which reference is made, said rotating
support 30 is illustrated by a thin line and by way of example it is composed of adiscoidal flange 31 extended from a shaft 32 and provided withstud bolts 33 entering correspondent holes provided on saiddiscoidal plate 10 and engaged by associatedbolts 34, adapted to permit the connected of saiddiscoidal plate 10 to saiddiscoidal flange 31. - Clearly, said rotating
support 30 may have a different shape depending on the kind of machine which, as explained hereinafter, could be employed for performing the bushhammering operation. - The above described device operates as follows.
- The unit constituting the device referred to is laid on the surface of the part to be worked, so that it presses on this part with an adequate pressure, then the
rotating support 30 connected thereto is put in rotation while imparting at the same time a relative shifting between said device and the part to be worked. - It follows that the sharpened
elements 221 which come into contact with the surface to be worked, due to their superficial hardness and the relevant limited resistance of penetration on the material being worked and to the pressure imparted thereto, penetrate fairly therein. - Then, when said
discoidal plate 10 is put in rotation, therolls 22 in turn are put in rotation so that the sharpenedelements 221 provided thereon successively angage the surface being worked, by causing on the impact of each of them against such surface the chipping thereof and the removal of corresponding particles of the material of the part being worked. - Finally, the contemporaneous relative shifting between the device and the part being worked permits to extend the treatment to the whole surface which one desires to treat. As pointed out particularly from the fig. 1, the
discoidal plate 10 is provided centrally with a through hole 4 which then is connected to thehole 35 which can be provided on the shaft 32 and an adequate fluid such i.e. water or also air may be directed through the so resulting conduit toward the surface being worked, thus such fluid being adapted to perform particular functions which are helpful for the same working operation. - In the figures to which reference has been made the device referred to comprises four
rotating units 20, but, obviously, it is well understood that such number may vary anyhow. - A most reduced and for some aspects more rational arrangement thereof could be i.e. that composed solely of three rotating
units 20, always disposed equally spaced to each other. - Besides, always referring to such figures, said rotating units are illustrated all positioned at the same distance from the centre of the
discoidal plate 10, but, clearly, they may also be disposed at different distances. In addition to a specific deliberately designed machine, the described device can be applied also to various kinds of machines which normally are employed for effecting other working operations. - In fact, for instance the various kinds of the well known dressing machines are particularly suitable for this purpose, to which machines the device referred to may be applied instead of the dressing disc or discs provided thereon.
- It is to point out that the pressure of the
rolls 22 on the surface to be worked is limited and, consequently, with the described device it is permitted to effect the bushhammering operation on plates of different materials having thicknesses which are considerably lower than those which can be normally performed by utilizing known systems and devices (of percussion type), without causing neither cracks nor other inconveniences. - Moreover, with this device and especially with the new bushhammering system which is object of the present invention, the working speed namely the surface treated in the time unit is quite greater than that which can be normally obtained with the known and normally utilized systems and appliances.
- Furthermore, it is to point out that said sharpened
elements 221 may have different shape and more precisely pyramidal or conic shape, and may be made integrally with thesame roll 22 from which they are extended and in such case, clearly, they are made of the same material thereof or, more conveniently, may be achieved singly and separately by employing materials which are more suitable than those which form theroll 22, such as an appropriate hard material and, thereafter, they can be applied to and irremovably fixed with per se known means and systems on thesame roll 22. - In addition, such sharpened
elements 221 can be disposed on the cylindrical surface of saidroll 22 along circumferential lines which are equally spaced and parallel to each other or, more advantageously, along helical lines. A remarkably effective particular arrangement thereof is that illustrated by way of example by the fig. 1 and 2, wherein said sharpenedelements 221 are disposed along two groups of helicoidal lines equally spaced to each other, a first group of helicoids being spaced of an angle of 30° from the axis of theroll 20, and thus, the other group being spaced of an angle of 60° therefrom. - It is well understood that the arrangement of the sharpened
elements 221 may change anyhow as well as their shape, sizes and reciprocal distances and the sizes and shape of therolls 22 may change too. - In fact, the shape of the
rolls 22 may be that cylindric as illustrated by way of example by the fig. 1 and 2 to which reference is made, or also a frusto-conical shape with the vertex thereof turned preferably inward, that is toward the rotation axis of thediscoidal plate 10, or turned outward. Moreover, instead of being positionable radially in different manners on thediscoidal plate 10, said rolls may be connected also at determinate positions thereto. - These and other variants may be brought to the device which is object of the present invention, however without departing from the sphere of what described and hereinafter claimed with reference to the accompanying drawing and therefore from the protection field of the present industrial invention.
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT04579489A IT1236207B (en) | 1989-11-17 | 1989-11-17 | BUSHING SYSTEM AND DEVICE TO CREATE THIS SYSTEM |
IT4579489 | 1989-11-17 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0429893A1 true EP0429893A1 (en) | 1991-06-05 |
EP0429893B1 EP0429893B1 (en) | 1996-01-31 |
Family
ID=11258174
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90121172A Expired - Lifetime EP0429893B1 (en) | 1989-11-17 | 1990-11-06 | Bushhammering device |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0429893B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE133603T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69025138T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2027633T3 (en) |
GR (1) | GR3019788T3 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1236207B (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0555608A1 (en) * | 1992-02-11 | 1993-08-18 | Concepcion Moya Millan | Apparatus for grinding or milling the surfaces of pieces of stone or similar materials |
EP0588436A1 (en) * | 1992-09-18 | 1994-03-23 | LUPATO ANTONIO ER. S.r.l. | Hand-held rotary bushhammering apparatus |
ES2312269A1 (en) * | 2006-12-12 | 2009-02-16 | Digafer, S.A. | Abujardar rotativo cabezal (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
CN102729147A (en) * | 2012-07-05 | 2012-10-17 | 厦门台颖金刚石制品有限公司 | Bush-hammered roller assembly and bush-hammered grinding head |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114434662A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-05-06 | 中铁四局集团第二工程有限公司 | Centrifugal swing arm type railway box girder anchor recess chiseling device |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1581699A (en) * | 1925-12-17 | 1926-04-20 | Ingersoll Rand Co | Surfacing machine |
FR670862A (en) * | 1929-03-06 | 1929-12-05 | Improvements with pneumatic or electric bush hammers for working stone, marble, granite, sandstone | |
US2244617A (en) * | 1939-01-14 | 1941-06-03 | Nat Tool Company | Roller bit |
US3221619A (en) * | 1960-09-02 | 1965-12-07 | Arnel T Erickson | Rotating roller machine |
US4405177A (en) * | 1981-04-17 | 1983-09-20 | Y K Trading Kabushiki Kaisha | Apparatus for finishing surfaces |
FR2563546A1 (en) * | 1984-04-18 | 1985-10-31 | Dynapac Ab | ROTARY TOOL OF BLADE HOLDER TYPE OR MILLING HEAD, IN PARTICULAR FOR WORKING A GROUND |
-
1989
- 1989-11-17 IT IT04579489A patent/IT1236207B/en active IP Right Grant
-
1990
- 1990-11-06 AT AT90121172T patent/ATE133603T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-11-06 ES ES90121172T patent/ES2027633T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-11-06 DE DE69025138T patent/DE69025138T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-11-06 EP EP90121172A patent/EP0429893B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-04-29 GR GR960401168T patent/GR3019788T3/en unknown
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1581699A (en) * | 1925-12-17 | 1926-04-20 | Ingersoll Rand Co | Surfacing machine |
FR670862A (en) * | 1929-03-06 | 1929-12-05 | Improvements with pneumatic or electric bush hammers for working stone, marble, granite, sandstone | |
US2244617A (en) * | 1939-01-14 | 1941-06-03 | Nat Tool Company | Roller bit |
US3221619A (en) * | 1960-09-02 | 1965-12-07 | Arnel T Erickson | Rotating roller machine |
US4405177A (en) * | 1981-04-17 | 1983-09-20 | Y K Trading Kabushiki Kaisha | Apparatus for finishing surfaces |
FR2563546A1 (en) * | 1984-04-18 | 1985-10-31 | Dynapac Ab | ROTARY TOOL OF BLADE HOLDER TYPE OR MILLING HEAD, IN PARTICULAR FOR WORKING A GROUND |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0555608A1 (en) * | 1992-02-11 | 1993-08-18 | Concepcion Moya Millan | Apparatus for grinding or milling the surfaces of pieces of stone or similar materials |
EP0588436A1 (en) * | 1992-09-18 | 1994-03-23 | LUPATO ANTONIO ER. S.r.l. | Hand-held rotary bushhammering apparatus |
ES2312269A1 (en) * | 2006-12-12 | 2009-02-16 | Digafer, S.A. | Abujardar rotativo cabezal (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
CN102729147A (en) * | 2012-07-05 | 2012-10-17 | 厦门台颖金刚石制品有限公司 | Bush-hammered roller assembly and bush-hammered grinding head |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE133603T1 (en) | 1996-02-15 |
ES2027633T3 (en) | 1996-04-16 |
GR3019788T3 (en) | 1996-07-31 |
DE69025138D1 (en) | 1996-03-14 |
IT8945794A0 (en) | 1989-11-17 |
ES2027633T1 (en) | 1992-06-16 |
IT1236207B (en) | 1993-01-19 |
IT8945794A1 (en) | 1991-05-17 |
DE69025138T2 (en) | 1996-12-12 |
EP0429893B1 (en) | 1996-01-31 |
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