EP0429573B1 - Circuit for operating electromagnetic users - Google Patents

Circuit for operating electromagnetic users Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0429573B1
EP0429573B1 EP90906897A EP90906897A EP0429573B1 EP 0429573 B1 EP0429573 B1 EP 0429573B1 EP 90906897 A EP90906897 A EP 90906897A EP 90906897 A EP90906897 A EP 90906897A EP 0429573 B1 EP0429573 B1 EP 0429573B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
voltage
circuit arrangement
circuit
arrangement according
current
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EP90906897A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0429573A1 (en
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Siegbert Schwab
Wolfgang Vogel
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/2003—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils using means for creating a boost voltage, i.e. generation or use of a voltage higher than the battery voltage, e.g. to speed up injector opening
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/2003—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils using means for creating a boost voltage, i.e. generation or use of a voltage higher than the battery voltage, e.g. to speed up injector opening
    • F02D2041/2013—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils using means for creating a boost voltage, i.e. generation or use of a voltage higher than the battery voltage, e.g. to speed up injector opening by using a boost voltage source
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/202—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
    • F02D2041/2031—Control of the current by means of delays or monostable multivibrators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit arrangement for operating electromagnetic consumers, in particular solenoid valves of internal combustion engines.
  • each solenoid valve is therefore supplied with a higher voltage than in the subsequent hold phase.
  • a clocking supply (electronic switch) of the solenoid valve in connection with a free-wheeling diode is known, with the clocking ratio of the pull-in (or peak) and holding current being adjusted and possibly regulated.
  • the consumer current is preferably set by a transistor which, particularly in the holding current phase, develops a high, undesired power loss due to the circuit structure.
  • EP-A-306 839 a method and device for controlling electromagnets is known in which the operating voltage is transformed up to a voltage level with a DC / DC converter for the pull-in phase of the solenoid valve, which level is usually several times the operating voltage of the system corresponds.
  • the pull-in and holding phase are controlled with two transistorized switches (compare claim 1.1. Part).
  • the circuit arrangement according to the invention with the features mentioned in main claim 1 can work in stationary, ie in non-clocked operation, so that the disadvantages associated with the clock operation do not occur. This results in a favorable energy balance and a significantly improved EMC intrinsic switching.
  • the switching elements assume either their blocked or their conductive state, so that only very low power losses can occur.
  • a higher voltage is applied to the consumer by the corresponding switching element and then a lower voltage by a further switching element.
  • solenoid valves With solenoid valves, a corresponding tightening energy is available in the tightening phase and subsequently the much lower holding energy required.
  • the larger voltage is formed by an operating voltage and the smaller voltage is generated from the operating voltage by means of a direct voltage converter (DC / DC converter).
  • the output voltage of the DC-DC converter is selected in such a way that the solenoid valve assumes its holding state, whereby voltage drops on any other circuit components that may be present and also disturbance variables (such as tolerance, temperature, etc.) are taken into account.
  • the DC-DC converter can be used for several circuit arrangements of an overall system which has several solenoid valves. Thus, each cylinder of an internal combustion engine requires an injection valve, which is formed by the solenoid valves mentioned.
  • the smaller voltage has the size of the minimum excitation voltage of the consumer. As described above, it is preferably only applied to the consumer for a certain time after the consumer is switched on, so that he maintains his minimum excitation.
  • the smaller voltage represents the holding voltage, while the larger voltage applied directly to the consumer when switched on forms the pull-in voltage of the solenoid valve.
  • the tightening voltage can vary depending on the load capacity of the switching element and consumers - a multiple of the nominal voltage.
  • the two switching elements are connected to the consumer via a decoupling circuit.
  • This decoupling circuit is preferably formed by a diode arrangement. Diode arrangement is particularly designed so that two diodes are connected in the forward direction with electrodes of the same type (anodes or cathodes) to the consumer and the other electrodes (cathodes or anodes) are each connected to one of the switching elements. In this way, undesired equalizing currents between the two voltage levels are avoided.
  • At least one of the circuits operated with the differently large voltages has a current control.
  • the circuit having the holding voltage is preferably provided with the current control. This has a sensor that detects the holding current and is connected to a current regulator. This controls the associated switching element.
  • the sensor is preferably designed as a shunt.
  • Transistors can be used as switching elements.
  • a control circuit which supplies the current regulator with a setpoint holding current and the control element supplied with operating voltage directly with a control value for the starting phase.
  • the control circuit preferably works in such a way that when switching on the control value is first supplied to the base of the transistor connected to the larger voltage, so that a defined peak current is set for switching on the solenoid valve as quickly as possible. After the pull-in phase, the supply of the solenoid valve is taken over by the holding circuit operated at a lower voltage. For this purpose, the switching element assigned to the holding circuit is switched on and the switching element assigned to the pull-in circuit is switched off.
  • both circuits are switched on at the same time and for the pull-in circuit to be switched off after the pull-in phase, the holding circuit remaining switched on.
  • the consumer is initially operated with the correspondingly higher voltage since the lower voltage no effect.
  • the decoupling circuit prevents mutual interference between the two voltages. After switching off the larger voltage (operating voltage), further operation with the lower holding voltage takes place.
  • the current regulation of the holding circuit reduces the power loss and the current load of the solenoid valve to the lowest possible value.
  • the current control also offers the possibility of tuning the holding current precisely to a predetermined value.
  • any current ripple in the holding circuit is largely corrected by the current regulator.
  • the withstand voltage, i. H. the output voltage of the DC-DC converter is preferably set so that there is a transition from current regulation to voltage regulation when the ohmic resistance of the consumer increases (e.g. due to temperature influences). This additionally limits the power loss in the consumer (solenoid valve).
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a circuit arrangement for operating an electromagnetic consumer 1. This is designed as a solenoid valve of an internal combustion engine, not shown. The fuel injection of the internal combustion engine is controlled by means of the solenoid valve.
  • the circuit arrangement is connected to an operating voltage U B , which is fed as an input voltage to a DC-DC converter 2.
  • the DC-DC converter 2 represents a so-called DC / DC converter, which generates a holding voltage U H from the operating voltage U B.
  • the operating voltage U B and the holding voltage U H are DC voltages.
  • the operating voltage U B represents a voltage U 1 greater than the holding voltage U H , and consequently the holding voltage U H forms a smaller voltage U 2.
  • the holding voltage U H is fed to a first switching element 4 via a sensor 3.
  • the operating voltage U B is connected to a second switching element 5.
  • the switching elements 4 and 5 are preferably designed as transistors.
  • the emitter-collector paths form the switching paths of the switching elements 4 and 5.
  • the operating voltage U B is preferably applied to the emitter of the associated transistor and the holding voltage U H reduced by the voltage drop at the sensor 3 is likewise applied to the emitter of the other transistor.
  • the outputs 6 and 7 of the switching elements 4 and 5 are connected to a decoupling circuit 8.
  • the outputs 6 and 7 are formed by the collectors of the transistors of the switching elements 4 and 5.
  • the decoupling circuit 8 has a diode arrangement 9, which - according to Figure 2- consists of two diodes D1 and D2.
  • the anodes of the diodes D1 and D2 are each connected to one of the collectors of the switching elements 4 and 5 forming transistors.
  • the cathodes of the diodes D1 and D2 are brought together at a summation point 10, which is also connected to the one terminal of the consumer 1.
  • the other connection of consumer 1 is grounded.
  • the circuit arrangement also has a control circuit 11 which provides a first control signal S 1 at its output 12 and a second control signal S 2 at its output 13.
  • the control signal S1 is supplied to a current controller 14 as a holding current setpoint.
  • the sensor 3 designed as a shunt 15 is connected to the current regulator 14 via a line 16.
  • the output 17 of the current regulator 14 leads to the first switching element 4, to the base of the transistor used there.
  • the second control signal S2 is available, which is given via a line 18 to the base of the transistor of the second switching element 5.
  • the circuit arrangement according to the invention works as follows: For opening the solenoid valve (consumer 1), the control circuit 11 provides the pulses shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 (control signals S 1 and S 2). Both control signals S1 and S2 are delivered t1 at the same time. At the time t2, the second switching element 5 acting control signal S2 goes back to zero, while the control signal S1 continues to be delivered - up to the time t3-. The output of the control signals S1 and S2 has the result that the current controller 14 is given a holding current setpoint. The current controller 14 receives the actual holding current value detected by the sensor 3 via the line 16. The control difference resulting between the holding current setpoint and the holding current actual value leads at the output 17 of the current regulator to a corresponding output signal which drives the base of the transistor of the first switching element 4.
  • both switching elements 4 and 5 are turned on due to the control signals S 1 and S 2, so that the voltage curve of the consumer voltage U L shown in FIG. 5 and the associated consumer current curve (consumer current I L ) shown in FIG. 6 are set.
  • the control signal S2 is applied to the second switching element 5, the larger voltage U1 (operating voltage U B ) applied to the consumer 1 via the decoupling circuit 8.
  • the smaller voltage U2 (holding voltage U H ), which is present at the summation point 10 and therefore also at the consumer 1, has no effect because it is less than the operating voltage U B.
  • FIG. 6 shows the current diagram associated with the voltage profile of consumer 1.
  • the consumer current I L rises rapidly due to the relatively large operating voltage U B and very quickly reaches its maximum value I max .
  • I max maximum value
  • the circuit arrangement according to the invention can be used in particular in the case of shock absorbers for motor vehicles which are adjustable in their damping force.
  • the adjusting member of such a shock absorber is designed as a solenoid valve so that it forms the consumer 1.

Abstract

The invention relates to a circuit for operating electromagnetic users, especially magnetic valves in internal combustion engines. To ensure the lowest possible losses, it is proposed to provide at least two mutually independent controllable connecting devices (4, 5) which apply different voltages (U1, U2) to the user (1).

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schaltungsanordnung zum Betrieb von elektromagnetischen Verbrauchern, insbesondere von Magnetventilen von Brennkraftmaschinen.The invention relates to a circuit arrangement for operating electromagnetic consumers, in particular solenoid valves of internal combustion engines.

Um elektromagnetische Verbraucher möglichst schnell in ihren Nenn-Erregungszustand zu versetzen, ist es bekannt, sie beim Einschalten für kurze Zeit an eine höhere Spannung zu legen, als es für den Nenn-Erregungszustand notwendig ist. Bei Brennkraftmaschinen mit einem Magnetventile aufweisenden Kraftstoff-Versorgungssystem besteht das Bedürfnis, die elektromagnetische Verbraucher bildenen Magnetventile möglichst schnell einzuschalten und anschließend mit möglichst geringer Energie im Einschaltzustand zu halten. In der Anzugphase wird jedem Magnetventil daher eine größere Spannung als in der nachfolgenden Haltephase zugeführt. Hierzu ist eine taktende Versorgung (elektronischer Schalter) des Magnetventils in Verbindung mit einer Freilauf-Diode bekannt, wobei über das Taktverhältnis der Anzug- (bzw. Spitzen-) und Haltestrom eingestellt und gegebenenfalls geregelt wird. So ist es aus der DE-OS 28 41 781 bekannt, einen elektromagnetischen Verbraucher über ein von zwei Schwellwertgebern gesteuertes Schaltglied an eine Versorgungsspannung zu legen. Die beiden Schwellwertgeber ermöglichen einen Zweipunkt-Regler-Betrieb. Der Verbraucherstrom wird in Abhängigkeit einer Vorgabe zwischen einem oberen und einem unteren Stromgrenzwert gehalten. Derart getaktete Endstufen sind im Hinblick auf ihre elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit (EMV-Eigenschaft) unbefriedigend.In order to bring electromagnetic consumers into their nominal excitation state as quickly as possible, it is known to apply them to a higher voltage for a short time than is necessary for the nominal excitation state when they are switched on. In internal combustion engines with a fuel supply system having solenoid valves, there is a need to switch on the solenoid valves forming electromagnetic consumers as quickly as possible and then to switch them on with as little energy as possible hold. In the pull-in phase, each solenoid valve is therefore supplied with a higher voltage than in the subsequent hold phase. For this purpose, a clocking supply (electronic switch) of the solenoid valve in connection with a free-wheeling diode is known, with the clocking ratio of the pull-in (or peak) and holding current being adjusted and possibly regulated. It is known from DE-OS 28 41 781 to apply an electromagnetic load to a supply voltage via a switching element controlled by two threshold value transmitters. The two threshold value transmitters enable two-point controller operation. The consumer current is kept between an upper and a lower current limit value depending on a specification. Power amplifiers clocked in this way are unsatisfactory in terms of their electromagnetic compatibility (EMC property).

Ferner ist es bekannt, den Verbraucherstrom entsprechend einem Sollwert-Vorgabeprofil derart zu regeln, daß in der Anzugphase des Magnetventils ein Spitzen- und in der nachfolgelden Betriebsphase ein Haltestrom des Magnetventils fließt. Vorzugsweise wird der Verbraucherstrom von einem Transistor einstellt, der insbesondere in der Haltestromphase aufgrund des Schaltungsaufbaus eine hohe, unerwünschte Verlustleistung entwickelt.Furthermore, it is known to regulate the consumer current in accordance with a setpoint specification profile in such a way that a peak current flows in the pull-up phase of the solenoid valve and a holding current flows in the solenoid valve in the subsequent operating phase. The consumer current is preferably set by a transistor which, particularly in the holding current phase, develops a high, undesired power loss due to the circuit structure.

Aus der EP-A-306 839 ist ein Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Ansteuern von Elektromagneten bekannt, bei dem für die Anzugphase des Magnetventils die Betriebsspannung mit einem DC/DC-Wandle auf ein Spannungsniveau hochtransformiert, das in der Regel dem Mehrfachen der Betriebsspannung des Systems entspricht. Anzugs- und Halte phase werden mit zwei transistorierten Schaltern gesteuert (vergleiche Anspruch 1,1. Teil).From EP-A-306 839 a method and device for controlling electromagnets is known in which the operating voltage is transformed up to a voltage level with a DC / DC converter for the pull-in phase of the solenoid valve, which level is usually several times the operating voltage of the system corresponds. The pull-in and holding phase are controlled with two transistorized switches (compare claim 1.1. Part).

Ebenso wird in der US-A-4,729,056 ein hochgesetzte Spannung für die Überstromphase bei einem Gegenstand nach Anspruch 1, erstem Teil verwendet.Also in US-A-4,729,056 a boosted voltage for the overcurrent phase is used in an article according to claim 1, first part.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Die erfindungsgemäße Schaltungsanordnung mit den im Hauptanspruch 1 genannten Merkmalen kann im stationären arbeiten, d. h. im nicht getakteten Betrieb, so daß die mit dem Taktbetrieb verbundenen Nachteile nicht auftreten. So stellt sich eine günstige Energiebilanz und eine wesentlich verbesserte EMV-Eigenschalt ein. Die Schaltglieder nehmen entweder ihren gesperrten oder ihren leitenden Zustand ein, so daß nur sehr geringe Verlustleistungen auftreten können. Um den elektromagnetischen Verbraucher möglichst schnell in seinen Nenn-Erregungszustand zu versetzen, wird zunächst eine größere Spannung durch das entsprechende Schaltglied und anschließend eine demgegenüber kleinere Spannung durch ein weiteres Schaltglied an den Verbraucher gelegt. Bei Magnetventilen steht somit in der Anzugphase eine entsprechende Anzugenergie und nachfolgend die notwendige, wesentlich geringere Halteenergie zur Verfügung. Es sind somit zwei Stromkreise mit unterschiedlich hohen Spannungen vorgesehen, so daß ein "zweistufiger" Betrieb möglich ist. Sofern jedoch eine weitere Abstufung gewünscht ist,kann - im Rahmen der Erfindung- auch eine die Zahl "zwei" übersteigende Anzahl von Schaltgliedern vorgesehen sein, die entsprechend unterschiedlich große Spannungen an den Verbraucher legen.The circuit arrangement according to the invention with the features mentioned in main claim 1 can work in stationary, ie in non-clocked operation, so that the disadvantages associated with the clock operation do not occur. This results in a favorable energy balance and a significantly improved EMC intrinsic switching. The switching elements assume either their blocked or their conductive state, so that only very low power losses can occur. In order to bring the electromagnetic consumer into its nominal excitation state as quickly as possible, first a higher voltage is applied to the consumer by the corresponding switching element and then a lower voltage by a further switching element. With solenoid valves, a corresponding tightening energy is available in the tightening phase and subsequently the much lower holding energy required. There are therefore two circuits with different voltages, so that "two-stage" operation is possible. If, however, a further gradation is desired, a number of switching elements exceeding the number "two" can be provided within the scope of the invention, which accordingly apply differently large voltages to the consumer.

Dabei wird die größere Spannung von einer Betriebsspannung gebildet und die kleinere Spannung mittels eines Gleichspannungswandlers (DC/DC-Wandlers) aus der Betriebsspannung erzeugt. Die Ausgangsspannung des Gleichspannungswandlers wird derart gewählt, daß das Magnetventil seinen Haltezustand einnimmt, wobei Spannungsabfälle an möglicherweise vorhandenen übrigen Schaltungskomponenten und auch Störgrößen (wie Toleranz, Temperatur usw.) berücksichtigt werden. Der Gleichspannungswandler läßt sich für mehrere Schaltungsanordnungen einer Gesamtanlage verwenden, die mehrere Magnetventile aufweist. So erfordert jeder Zylinder einer Brennkraftmaschine ein Einspritzventil, das von den genannten Magnetventilen gebildet wird.The larger voltage is formed by an operating voltage and the smaller voltage is generated from the operating voltage by means of a direct voltage converter (DC / DC converter). The output voltage of the DC-DC converter is selected in such a way that the solenoid valve assumes its holding state, whereby voltage drops on any other circuit components that may be present and also disturbance variables (such as tolerance, temperature, etc.) are taken into account. The DC-DC converter can be used for several circuit arrangements of an overall system which has several solenoid valves. Thus, each cylinder of an internal combustion engine requires an injection valve, which is formed by the solenoid valves mentioned.

Aufgrund des Einsatzes des Gleichspannungswandlers zur Erzeugung der Haltespannung entsteht nur eine sehr geringe Verlustleistung in dem zugehörigen Schaltglied, so daß insbesondere gebräuchliche Transistoren eingesetzt werden können.Due to the use of the DC-DC converter to generate the holding voltage, there is only a very low power loss in the associated switching element, so that, in particular, common transistors can be used.

Nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß die kleinere Spannung die Größe der Mindest-Erregerspannung des Verbrauchers aufweist. Sie wird - wie oben beschrieben- vorzugsweise erst eine gewisse Zeit nach dem Einschalten des Verbrauchers an diesen gelegt, damit er seine Mindesterregung behält. Bei einem Magnetventil stellt die kleinere Spannung die Haltespannung dar, während die direkt beim Einschalten an den Verbraucher angelegte größere Spannung die Anzugspannung des Magnetventils bildet. Die Anzugspannung kann -je nach Belastbarkeit von Schaltglied und Verbraucher- ein Vielfaches der Nennspannung ausmachen.According to a development of the invention, it is provided that the smaller voltage has the size of the minimum excitation voltage of the consumer. As described above, it is preferably only applied to the consumer for a certain time after the consumer is switched on, so that he maintains his minimum excitation. In the case of a solenoid valve, the smaller voltage represents the holding voltage, while the larger voltage applied directly to the consumer when switched on forms the pull-in voltage of the solenoid valve. The tightening voltage can vary depending on the load capacity of the switching element and consumers - a multiple of the nominal voltage.

Um eine gegenseitige Einflußnahme der Schaltglieder zu verbindern, ist nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung vorgesehen, daß die beiden Schaltglieder über eine Entkopplungsschaltung mit dem Verbraucher verbunden sind. Diese Entkopplungsschaltung wird vorzugsweise von einer Diodenanordnung gebildet. Diode Anordnung ist insbesondere dabei so ausgebildet, daß zwei Dioden in Durchlaßrichtung mit gleichartigen Elektroden (Anoden oder Katoden) an dem Verbraucher angeschlossen sind und das deren andere Elektroden (Katoden oder Anoden) jeweils in verbindung zu einem der Schaltglieder stehen. Hierdurch sind unerwünschte Ausgleichsströme zwischen den beiden Spannungsebenen vermieden.In order to connect mutual influence of the switching elements, it is provided according to a development of the invention that the two switching elements are connected to the consumer via a decoupling circuit. This decoupling circuit is preferably formed by a diode arrangement. Diode arrangement is particularly designed so that two diodes are connected in the forward direction with electrodes of the same type (anodes or cathodes) to the consumer and the other electrodes (cathodes or anodes) are each connected to one of the switching elements. In this way, undesired equalizing currents between the two voltage levels are avoided.

Nach einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel weist zumindest einer der mit den unterschiedlich großen Spannungen betriebenen Stromkreise eine Stromregelung auf. Vorzugsweise ist der die Haltespannung aufweisende Stromkreis mit der Stromregelung versehen. Diese besitzt einen den Haltestrom erfassenden Sensor, der an einen Stromregler angeschlossen ist. Dieser steuert das zugehörige Schaltglied an.According to a preferred embodiment, at least one of the circuits operated with the differently large voltages has a current control. The circuit having the holding voltage is preferably provided with the current control. This has a sensor that detects the holding current and is connected to a current regulator. This controls the associated switching element.

Der Sensor ist vorzugsweise als Shunt ausgebildet. Als Schaltglieder können Transistoren eingesetzt werden.The sensor is preferably designed as a shunt. Transistors can be used as switching elements.

Ferner ist eine Steuerschaltung vorgesehen, die dem Stromregler einen Haltestrom-Sollwert und dem direkt von der Betriebsspannung versorgten Schaltglied einen Steuerwert für die Anzugphase zuführt. Die Steuerschaltung arbeitet bevorzugt derart, daß beim Einschalten zunächst der Steuerwert der Basis des an die größere Spannung angeschlossenen Transistors zugeführt wird, so daß sich ein definierter Spitzenstrom für ein möglichst rasches Einschalten des Magnetventils einstellt. Nach Ablauf der Anzugphase wird die Versorgung des Magnetventils von dem mit niedrigerer Spannung betriebenen Haltestromkreis übernommen. Hierzu wird das dem Haltestromkreis zugeordnete Schaltglied ein- und das dem Anzugstromkreis zugeordnete Schaltglied ausgeschaltet. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, daß beide Stromkreise gleichzeitig eingeschaltet werden und daß nach der Anzugphase eine Ausschaltung des Anzugstromkreises erfolgt, wobei der Haltestromkreis eingeschaltet bleibt. Hierdurch erfolgt zunächst ein Betrieb des Verbrauchers mit der entsprechend größeren Spannung, da die kleinere Spannung keine Wirkung entfaltet. Durch die Entkopplungsschaltung ist eine gegenseitige Beeinflussung der beiden Spannungen verhindert. Nach dem Ausschalten der größeren Spannung (Betriebsspannung) erfolgt der weitere Betrieb mit der niedrigeren Haltespannung.Furthermore, a control circuit is provided which supplies the current regulator with a setpoint holding current and the control element supplied with operating voltage directly with a control value for the starting phase. The control circuit preferably works in such a way that when switching on the control value is first supplied to the base of the transistor connected to the larger voltage, so that a defined peak current is set for switching on the solenoid valve as quickly as possible. After the pull-in phase, the supply of the solenoid valve is taken over by the holding circuit operated at a lower voltage. For this purpose, the switching element assigned to the holding circuit is switched on and the switching element assigned to the pull-in circuit is switched off. However, it is also possible for both circuits to be switched on at the same time and for the pull-in circuit to be switched off after the pull-in phase, the holding circuit remaining switched on. As a result, the consumer is initially operated with the correspondingly higher voltage since the lower voltage no effect. The decoupling circuit prevents mutual interference between the two voltages. After switching off the larger voltage (operating voltage), further operation with the lower holding voltage takes place.

Durch die Stromregelung des Haltestromkreises wird die Verlustleistung und die Strombelastung des Magnetventils auf einen möglichst geringen Wert reduziert. Die Stromregelung bietetüberdies die Möglichkeit, den Haltestrom auf einen vorbestimmten Wert genau einzustimmen. Überdies wird durch den Stromregler eine gegebenenfalls vorliegende Spannungswelligkeit des Haltestromkreises weitestgehend ausgeregelt.The current regulation of the holding circuit reduces the power loss and the current load of the solenoid valve to the lowest possible value. The current control also offers the possibility of tuning the holding current precisely to a predetermined value. In addition, any current ripple in the holding circuit is largely corrected by the current regulator.

Die Haltespannung, d. h. die Ausgangsspannung des Gleichspannungswandlers, wird vorzugsweise so eingestellt, daß es bei einem Ansteigen des ohmschen Widerstandes des Verbrauchers (z.B. durch Temperatureinflüsse) zu einem Übergang von der Stromregelung zu einer Spannungsregelung kommt. Hierdurch wird die Verlustleistung im Verbraucher (Magnetventil) zusätzlich begrenzt.The withstand voltage, i. H. the output voltage of the DC-DC converter is preferably set so that there is a transition from current regulation to voltage regulation when the ohmic resistance of the consumer increases (e.g. due to temperature influences). This additionally limits the power loss in the consumer (solenoid valve).

Zeichnungdrawing

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand der Figuren naher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
ein Blockschaltbild der erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnung,
Figur 2
einen Ausschnitt aus dem Blockschaltbild gemäß Figur 1 in detaillierter Darstellung,
Figur 3
ein Steuersignal für einen Haltestromkreis,
Figur 4
ein Steuersignal für einen Anzugstromkreis,
Figur 5
einen Spannungsverlauf an einem mit der Schaltungsanordnung betriebenen elektromagnetischen Verbraucher und
Figur 6
einen Stromverlauf des Verbrauchers.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures. Show it:
Figure 1
2 shows a block diagram of the circuit arrangement according to the invention,
Figure 2
1 shows a detail of the block diagram according to FIG. 1,
Figure 3
a control signal for a holding circuit,
Figure 4
a control signal for a pull-in circuit,
Figure 5
a voltage curve on an electromagnetic consumer operated with the circuit arrangement and
Figure 6
a current flow of the consumer.

Die Figur 1 zeigt als Blockschaltbild eine Schaltungsanordnung zum Betrieb eines elektromagnetischen Verbrauchers 1. Dieser ist als Magnetventil einer nicht dargestellten Brennkraftmaschine ausgebildet. Mittels des Magnetventils wird die Kraftstoffeinspritzung der Brennkraftmaschine gesteuert.1 shows a block diagram of a circuit arrangement for operating an electromagnetic consumer 1. This is designed as a solenoid valve of an internal combustion engine, not shown. The fuel injection of the internal combustion engine is controlled by means of the solenoid valve.

Die Schaltungsanordnung ist an eine Betriebsspannung UB angeschlossen, die als Eingangsspannung einem Gleichspannungswandler 2 zugeführt wird. Der Gleichspannungswandler 2 stellt einen sogenannten DC/DC-Wandler dar, der aus der Betriebsspannung UB eine Haltespannung UH erzeugt. Bei der Betriebsspannung UB und der Haltespannung UH handelt es sich um Gleichspannungen. Die Betriebsspannung UB stellt eine gegenüber der Haltespannung UH größere Spannung U₁ dar, mithin bildet die Haltespannung UH eine demgegenüber kleinere Spannung U₂.The circuit arrangement is connected to an operating voltage U B , which is fed as an input voltage to a DC-DC converter 2. The DC-DC converter 2 represents a so-called DC / DC converter, which generates a holding voltage U H from the operating voltage U B. The operating voltage U B and the holding voltage U H are DC voltages. The operating voltage U B represents a voltage U 1 greater than the holding voltage U H , and consequently the holding voltage U H forms a smaller voltage U 2.

Die Haltespannung UH wird über einen Sensor 3 einem ersten Schaltglied 4 zugeführt. Die Betriebsspannung UB ist an ein zweites Schaltglied 5 angeschlossen. Die Schaltglieder 4 und 5 sind vorzugsweise als Transistoren ausgebildet. Die Emitter-Kollektor-Strecken bilden die Schaltstrecken der Schaltglieder 4 und 5. Vorzugsweise liegt die Betriebsspannung UB an dem Emitter des zugehörigen Transistors und die um den Spannungsabfall am Sensor 3 verminderte Haltespannung UH ebenfalls an dem Emitter des anderen Transistors an. Die Ausgänge 6 und 7 der Schaltglieder 4 und 5 sind an eine Entkopplungsschaltung 8 angeschlossen. Die Ausgänge 6 und 7 werden von den Kollektoren der Transistoren der Schaltglieder 4 und 5 gebildet.The holding voltage U H is fed to a first switching element 4 via a sensor 3. The operating voltage U B is connected to a second switching element 5. The switching elements 4 and 5 are preferably designed as transistors. The emitter-collector paths form the switching paths of the switching elements 4 and 5. The operating voltage U B is preferably applied to the emitter of the associated transistor and the holding voltage U H reduced by the voltage drop at the sensor 3 is likewise applied to the emitter of the other transistor. The outputs 6 and 7 of the switching elements 4 and 5 are connected to a decoupling circuit 8. The outputs 6 and 7 are formed by the collectors of the transistors of the switching elements 4 and 5.

Die Entkopplungsschaltung 8 weist eine Dioden-Anordnung 9 auf, die -gemäß Figur 2- aus zwei Dioden D₁ und D₂ besteht. Die Anoden der Dioden D₁ und D₂ sind jeweils mit einem der Kollektoren der die Schaltglieder 4 und 5 bildenen Transistoren verbunden. Die Katoden der Dioden D₁und D₂ sind an einen Summenpunkt 10 zusammengeführt, der ferner mit dem einen Anschluß des Verbrauchers 1 verbunden ist. Der andere Anschluß des Verbrauchers 1 ist an Masse geführt.The decoupling circuit 8 has a diode arrangement 9, which - according to Figure 2- consists of two diodes D₁ and D₂. The anodes of the diodes D₁ and D₂ are each connected to one of the collectors of the switching elements 4 and 5 forming transistors. The cathodes of the diodes D₁ and D₂ are brought together at a summation point 10, which is also connected to the one terminal of the consumer 1. The other connection of consumer 1 is grounded.

Die Schaltungsanordnung weist ferner eine Steuerschaltung 11 auf, die an ihrem Ausgang 12 ein erstes Steuersignal S₁ und an ihrem Ausgang 13 ein zweites Steuersignal S₂ bereitstellt. Das Steuersignal S₁ wird einem Stromregler 14 als Haltestrom-Sollwert zugeführt. Ferner ist der als Shunt 15 ausgebildete Sensor 3 über eine Leitung 16 mit dem Stromregler 14 verbunden. Der Ausgang 17 des Stromreglers 14 führt zum ersten Schaltglied 4, und zwar an die Basis des dort verwendeten Transistors. Am Ausgang 13 der Steuerschaltung 11 steht das zweites Steuersignal S₂ zur Verfügung, das über eine Leitung 18 auf die Basis des Transistors des zweiten Schaltgliedes 5 gegeben wird.The circuit arrangement also has a control circuit 11 which provides a first control signal S 1 at its output 12 and a second control signal S 2 at its output 13. The control signal S₁ is supplied to a current controller 14 as a holding current setpoint. Furthermore, the sensor 3 designed as a shunt 15 is connected to the current regulator 14 via a line 16. The output 17 of the current regulator 14 leads to the first switching element 4, to the base of the transistor used there. At the output 13 of the control circuit 11, the second control signal S₂ is available, which is given via a line 18 to the base of the transistor of the second switching element 5.

Die erfindungsgemäße Schaltungsanordnung arbeitet folgendermaßen:
Für das Öffnen des Magnetventils (Verbraucher 1) stellt die Steuerschaltung 11 die in den Figuren 3 und 4 dargestellten Impulse (Steuersignale S₁ und S₂) zur Verfügung. Beide Steuersignale S₁ und S₂ werden zum gleichen Zeitpunkt t₁ abgegeben. Zum Zeitpunkt t₂ geht das das zweite Schaltglied 5 beaufschlagende Steuersignal S₂ wieder auf Null zurück, während das Steuersignal S₁ weiterhin- und zwar bis zum Zeitpunkt t₃- geliefert wird. Die Abgabe der Steuersignale S₁ und S₂ hat zur Folge, daß dem Stromregler 14 ein Haltestrom-Sollwert vorgegeben wird. Über die Leitung 16 erhält der Stromregler 14 den vom Sensor 3 erfaßten Haltestrom-Istwert. Die sich zwischen dem Haltestrom-Sollwert und Haltestrom-Istwert ergebende Regeldifferenz führt am Ausgang 17 des Stromreglers zu einem entsprechenden Ausgangssignal, das die Basis des Transistors des ersten Schaltgliedes 4 ansteuert.The circuit arrangement according to the invention works as follows:
For opening the solenoid valve (consumer 1), the control circuit 11 provides the pulses shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 (control signals S 1 and S 2). Both control signals S₁ and S₂ are delivered t₁ at the same time. At the time t₂, the second switching element 5 acting control signal S₂ goes back to zero, while the control signal S₁ continues to be delivered - up to the time t₃-. The output of the control signals S₁ and S₂ has the result that the current controller 14 is given a holding current setpoint. The current controller 14 receives the actual holding current value detected by the sensor 3 via the line 16. The control difference resulting between the holding current setpoint and the holding current actual value leads at the output 17 of the current regulator to a corresponding output signal which drives the base of the transistor of the first switching element 4.

Zum Zeitpunkt t₁ werden aufgrund der Steuersignale S₁ und S₂ beide Schaltglieder 4 und 5 durchgesteuert, so daß sich der in der Figur 5 dargestellte Spannungsverlauf der Verbraucherspannung UL sowie der in der Figur 6 dargestellte, zugehörige Verbraucherstromverlauf (Verbraucherstrom IL) einstellt. Solange das Steuersignal S₂ an dem zweiten Schaltglied 5 anliegt, wird die größere Spannung U₁ (Betriebsspannung UB) über die Entkopplungsschaltung 8 an den Verbraucher 1 angelegt. Die kleinere Spannung U₂ (Haltespannung UH), die am Summenpunkt 10 und demnach ebenfalls an den Verbraucher 1 anliegt, entfaltet keine Wirkung, da sie kleiner als die Betriebsspannung UB ist. Insofern kommt sie erst zum Zeitpunkt t₂ zum Tragen, da dann das zweite Schaltglied 5 seinen gesperrten Zustand annimmt und am Verbraucher 1 nunmehr nur noch die kleinere Spannung U₂, d. h. UH zur Verfügung steht. Die Verbraucherspannung UL geht demgemäß zum Zeitpunkt t₂ auf einen niedrigeren Wert zurück. Zum Zeitpunkt t₃ wird auch das Steuersignal S₁ ausgeschaltet, so daß auch das erste Schaltglied 4 in seinen gesperrten Zustand übergeht. Der Verbraucher 1 wird damit spannungslos.At the time t 1, both switching elements 4 and 5 are turned on due to the control signals S 1 and S 2, so that the voltage curve of the consumer voltage U L shown in FIG. 5 and the associated consumer current curve (consumer current I L ) shown in FIG. 6 are set. As long as the control signal S₂ is applied to the second switching element 5, the larger voltage U₁ (operating voltage U B ) applied to the consumer 1 via the decoupling circuit 8. The smaller voltage U₂ (holding voltage U H ), which is present at the summation point 10 and therefore also at the consumer 1, has no effect because it is less than the operating voltage U B. In this respect, it only comes into play at time t₂, since then the second switching element 5 assumes its locked state and the consumer 1 now only has the lower voltage U₂, ie U H, is available. The consumer voltage U L accordingly goes back to a lower value at time t 2. At the time t₃, the control signal S₁ is also switched off, so that the first switching element 4 also changes into its locked state. The consumer 1 is thus de-energized.

In der Figur 6 ist das zu dem Spannungsverlauf des Verbrauchers 1 zugehörige Stromdiagramm wiedergegeben. Der Verbraucherstrom IL steigt aufgrund der relativ großen Betriebsspannung UB zügig an und erreicht sehr schnell seinen Maximalwert Imax. Hierdurch kann das Magnetventil innerhalb sehr kurzer Zeit anziehen. Ist das Anziehen erfolgt, so reicht es für das Beibehalten dieses Zustandes aus, daß die Wicklung des Magnetventils von einem gegenüber dem maximalen Strom Imax kleineren Strom, nämlich dem Haltestrom IH durchflossen wird. Dieser stellt sich zum Zeitpunkt t₂ ein. Er wird von dem Gleichspannungswandler 2 -eingestellt von dem Schaltglied 4-geliefert. Da die Stromregelung (Stromregler 14) mit der gegenüber der Betriebsspannung UB kleineren Spannung U₂ erfolgt, tritt in dem ersten Schaltglied 4 nur eine relativ geringe Verlustleistung auf.FIG. 6 shows the current diagram associated with the voltage profile of consumer 1. The consumer current I L rises rapidly due to the relatively large operating voltage U B and very quickly reaches its maximum value I max . This allows the solenoid valve to tighten in a very short time. If the tightening has taken place, it is sufficient for maintaining this state that the winding of the solenoid valve is flowed through by a current which is smaller than the maximum current I max , namely the holding current I H. This occurs at the time t₂. It is supplied by the DC / DC converter 2, set by the switching element 4. Since the current control (current regulator 14) takes place with the voltage U 2 which is lower than the operating voltage U B , only a relatively low power loss occurs in the first switching element 4.

Die erfindungsgemäße Schaltungsanordnung kann insbesondere bei in ihrer Dämpfungskraft verstellbaren Stoßdämpfern für Kraftfahrzeuge eingesetzt werden. Das Verstellglied eines derartigen Stoßdämpfers ist als Magnetventil ausgebildet, so daß dieses den Verbraucher 1 bildet.The circuit arrangement according to the invention can be used in particular in the case of shock absorbers for motor vehicles which are adjustable in their damping force. The adjusting member of such a shock absorber is designed as a solenoid valve so that it forms the consumer 1.

Claims (12)

  1. Circuit arrangement for operating electromagnetic valves, especially solenoid valves in internal-combustion engines and/or solenoid valves for adjusting the damping properties of a shock absorber for motor vehicles, in which two voltages (U1, U2) [sic] of different magnitude are applied to the solenoid valve (1) by means of at least two switching elements (4, 5) which can be controlled independently of one another, characterised in that the higher of the two voltages (U1) [sic] is the operating voltage (UB) of the complete circuit arrangement, and the lower of the two voltages (U2) [sic] is formed from the higher voltage (UB, U2) [sic] by means of a DC/DC converter (2).
  2. Circuit arrangement according to Claim 1, characterised in that the smaller voltage (U₂) has the magnitude of the minimum energising voltage of the load (1).
  3. Circuit arrangement according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the smaller voltage (U₂) is the holding voltage (UH) of a solenoid valve which forms the load (1), and the larger voltage (U₁) is the energising voltage of the solenoid valve.
  4. Circuit arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the two switching elements (4, 5) are connected to the load (1) via a decoupling circuit (8).
  5. Circuit arrangement according to Claim 4, characterised in that the decoupling circuit (8) has a diode arrangement (9).
  6. Circuit arrangement according to Claim 4 or 5, characterised in that the decoupling circuit (8) has two diodes (D₁, D₂) which are connected to the load (1) in the forward direction by identical electrodes (anodes or cathodes), and whose other electrodes (cathodes or anodes) are in each case connected to one of the switching elements (4 or 5 respectively).
  7. Circuit arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one of the circuits operated using the voltages (U₁, U₂) of different magnitude has current regulation.
  8. Circuit arrangement according to Claim 3, characterised in that the circuit having the holding voltage (UH) is provided with the current regulation.
  9. Circuit arrangement according to Claim 8, characterised in that the current regulation has a sensor (3) which detects the holding current (IH) and is connected to a current regulator (14) which drives the associated switching element (4).
  10. Circuit arrangement according to Claim 9, characterised in that the sensor (3) is constructed as a shunt (15).
  11. Circuit arrangement according to Claims 1, 4, 6 or 9, characterised in that the switching elements (4, 5) are constructed as transistors.
  12. Circuit arrangement according to Claim 9, characterised by a control circuit (11) which supplies to the current regulator (14) a desired holding current value (control signal S₁) for the holding phase and to the switching element (5), which is supplied directly from the operating voltage (UB), a control value (control signal S₂) for the energising phase of the solenoid valve.
EP90906897A 1989-06-20 1990-05-16 Circuit for operating electromagnetic users Revoked EP0429573B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3920064A DE3920064A1 (en) 1989-06-20 1989-06-20 CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR THE OPERATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC CONSUMERS
DE3920064 1989-06-20

Publications (2)

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EP0429573A1 EP0429573A1 (en) 1991-06-05
EP0429573B1 true EP0429573B1 (en) 1993-08-11

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BR (1) BR9006811A (en)
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JP3844091B2 (en) * 1996-07-02 2006-11-08 株式会社小松製作所 Inductive load drive
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JP4482913B2 (en) * 2005-04-01 2010-06-16 Ｓｍｃ株式会社 Solenoid valve and solenoid valve drive circuit
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BR9006811A (en) 1991-08-06
WO1990015922A1 (en) 1990-12-27
DE59002301D1 (en) 1993-09-16
EP0429573A1 (en) 1991-06-05
JPH04500399A (en) 1992-01-23
DE3920064A1 (en) 1991-01-03

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