EP0426928B1 - Procédé pour ajuster automatiquement des paramètres de fonction d'un appareil à percussion - Google Patents

Procédé pour ajuster automatiquement des paramètres de fonction d'un appareil à percussion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0426928B1
EP0426928B1 EP89830451A EP89830451A EP0426928B1 EP 0426928 B1 EP0426928 B1 EP 0426928B1 EP 89830451 A EP89830451 A EP 89830451A EP 89830451 A EP89830451 A EP 89830451A EP 0426928 B1 EP0426928 B1 EP 0426928B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
distributor
pressure
chamber
duct
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89830451A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0426928A1 (fr
Inventor
Mauro Vitulano
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP89830451A priority Critical patent/EP0426928B1/fr
Priority to DE68928143T priority patent/DE68928143T2/de
Priority to ES89830451T priority patent/ES2103711T3/es
Priority to AT89830451T priority patent/ATE154774T1/de
Publication of EP0426928A1 publication Critical patent/EP0426928A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0426928B1 publication Critical patent/EP0426928B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D9/00—Portable percussive tools with fluid-pressure drive, i.e. driven directly by fluids, e.g. having several percussive tool bits operated simultaneously
    • B25D9/14—Control devices for the reciprocating piston
    • B25D9/26—Control devices for adjusting the stroke of the piston or the force or frequency of impact thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention is applied to percussion hydraulic appliances used in both the demolition of very hard materials -such as concrete, reinforced concrete, rocks, frozen surfaces, etc. - and the digging of particularly hard soils, mine marking and extraction, etc.
  • the commonest distributor consists of a cylindrical tubular component whose external diameter - with the adequate tolerance margin - is equal to the internal diameter of the cylinder where the piston moves: along its circular lower edge, it is connected to a ring like flange, which runs vertically into a cylindrical chamber 2 coaxial to the cylinder, within the limits prefixed by the height of the same cylindrical chamber.
  • the distributor internal diameter is smaller than the piston head external diameter; in others, the internal diameter is equal to the piston head external diameter, as in the European Patent No. 0085279 by the same applicant.
  • the piston head instead of striking the opposite lower end of the cylindrical distributor, moves inside it, in the opposite direction: in this case, the difference between the diameter of the cylindrical chamber and that of the piston is twice the distributor radial thickness.
  • a common drawback to all the devices causing the piston alternate movement is the lack of capability to adapt in real time the striking rate and power per blow to the hardness of the material to crumble.
  • the apparatus as described in French Patent is endowed with a cylindrical distributor 10 to close and open the inlet and outlet ports 6 and 7 of the high and low-pressure respectively, which limits the upward movement of the piston head when the latter comes into contact with the lower border of the distributor itself.
  • the piston displacement is constant, i.e. it does not depend on the back-pressure caused by the rebound of the piston determined by the various degrees of hardness of the material to crumble.
  • the device causing the striking mass 2 alternate movement also includes a unidirectional valve 22 which guarantees the fluid passage from the high-pressure circuit towards the cylindrical chamber over the piston and devices which guarantee a quick, subsequent displacement of the distributor 10 so to rapidly interrupt the connection with the high-pressure circuit 12 and to slowly connect the chamber 11 placed over the piston with the low-pressure circuit 13.
  • the unidirectional valve permits the passage of the ultracompressed fluid into the cylindrical chamber over the piston, in the fraction of time during which this chamber is isolated from both the low-pressure and the high-pressure circuits, the maximum retrieval of reaction energy should be possible; the piston greater reversal velocity would cause - for a given oil supply - a shorter duration of every cycle of the apparatus, as well as an increase in the impact pressure, parallel to the increase in blows frequency.
  • such a device would cause an increase in blows frequency and impact power, which would be higher if the material to crumble is harder, without calling for a greater power i.e. a greater pressure of the oil to the digger or the shovel coupled to the apparatus.
  • the aim of this invention is to adapt in real time the power and frequency of a percussion apparatus to the hardness of the material where it works, avoiding the above-mentioned drawbacks caused by the apparatus as in the FR-A-2509217.
  • This invention as characterized by our claims - solves the problem to vary the piston impact energy in real time, in inverse function to the blows frequency, so to adapt the latter to the resistance of the material to crumble, without varying the hydraulic power averagely absorbed by the apparatus, i.e. the absorbed power.
  • this invention solves the problem of working on very hard materials such as rocks, concrete, etc., at lower frequency and higher impact energy and - on less hard materials - at greater frequency and lower impact energy.
  • the advantages obtained through the present invention mainly consist by the fact that the supplied power maintains on an average constant and that therefore the strains that the apparatus undergoes when working on very hard materials, and the consequent wear of the tools are smaller.
  • the apparatus requests a smaller working and maintenance expenditure, and operates by a greater velocity on less hard materials.
  • the invention consists in the combination of the means forming the distributor as in EP-A-85279 by the same applicant, with devices limiting the distributor upward movement during the piston upward stroke, so that the piston start of percussion is anticipated when compared to the upper dead centre, when the material hit by the tool is scarcely hard, whereas, when the material is very hard -i.e. rocks, concrete, etc. - the piston start of percussion occurs exactly at the upper dead centre: the upper dead centre is fixed by stop corner 16 of the piston.
  • the distributor is made up of a cylindrical tubular component 1, one of whose ends is connected to a flange-type ring plate, which can move with the protruding part la having width d1, in a ring chamber having height h and width d1, equal to the width dl of the flange protruding part.
  • the upwards movements of distributor 1 are caused by differences in pressure on faces 1b and 1c of distributor itself, during the down stroke of piston, the downwards movements of distributor solely by the pressure on face 1b during the up stroke of piston: this is possible because, during the upward movement, piston 3, whenever the contact occurs between its circular edge 3a and the distributor circular edge 1d. compresses the oil of the cylindrical chamber 4 which is placed over the piston surface 3b, provoking the distributor downward movement, whereas during the blow, when the distributor is in the positions showed in figures 5 and 6, the piston provokes the distributor upward movement when the latter circular edge 3 - moving downwards - protrudes from the distributor cylindrical cavity and goes beyond its edge Id, due to the effect of high pressure on the distributor edge 1c.
  • the annular grove 5 coaxial to the axis of the cylindrical chamber where the piston moves during the downstroke of piston, allows the oil under pressure to push on the distributor face 1c, having width d3, greater than the one of face 1b whose width d2 is smaller then d3, provoking its upward movement: this is made easier because the basis of the ring grove 2 gives a stop edge 2a having width d4, so that d3 - d4 > d2.
  • These devices are made up of a controlled duct 11 having a small diameter or, in general, of a duct where a pressure valve 11.1 is inserted, which connects chamber 2c to exhaust duct 10, to bring about an exhaust velocity proportional to the pressure exerted by the distributor protruding ring la, that also depends on the piston rebound energy and velocity.
  • the distributor 1 cannot get the stroke-end fixed by the upper annulus-like shaped border 2b of the tubular chamber 2, that is, it does not run the entire height h of said chamber; therefore, the piston circular edge 3a anticipately touches the distributor circular edge 1d, so that the latter can move downwards, anticipately reopening the high-pressure oil inlet ports 7a: this brings about a decrease in the piston percussion stroke and, consequently, a decrease in the displacement, i.e. the volume of the cylindrical chamber where the pressurized oil operates, in order to push the piston downwards.
  • this decrease in volume corresponds to an increase in the piston blows frequency.
  • the piston upward greater stroke provokes an increase in the volume of the cylindrical chamber 4 where the pressurized oil operates to push the piston downwards and, consequently, an increase in the push that the high-pressure oil exerts on the piston face 3b.
  • the device also includes a maximum pressure valve 12, which discharges the oil into the high-pressure circuit if the piston rebound energy exceeds certain limits, so to further compress the gas contained in the accumulator 13 (i.e. nitrogen) through membrane 13a.
  • a maximum pressure valve 12 which discharges the oil into the high-pressure circuit if the piston rebound energy exceeds certain limits, so to further compress the gas contained in the accumulator 13 (i.e. nitrogen) through membrane 13a.
  • Valve 12 also works as a safety valve.
  • Figures 3 to 11 show the application of the devices according to the invention to the percussion apparatus according to EP-A-85279.
  • the device according to the invention can be applied only to apparatuses of the type described in EP-A-85279, i.e. to apparatuses where the distributor 1 moves to open or to close the high-pressure oil inlet ports 7a and the low-pressure oil discharge ports, only as an effect of the pressures transmitted, through the piston movements, to the distributor ring faces 1b and 1c.
  • the height h of the tubular chamber 2 depends on either a greater or a smaller stroke allowed to the distributor 1; similarly, the controlled duct 11 section, or the pressure valve replacing its function, must be chosen according to the performance desired by the apparatus.
  • the mechanical stroke-end 16 limits the piston upwards maximum stroke.
  • the push for the piston upward movement is permanently applied on the annulus-like shaped surface 3d1 having width s, and it has an effect only when the high-pressure oil inlet ports 7a are closed.
  • C1 and c2 indicate the axial length of the chamber 4, in the case of a soft or a hard material, respectively.
  • the hydraulic hammers manufactured according to the invention do also involve some important advantages.
  • the impulse which the piston receives during its return stroke from the material to crumble provokes a higher or lower upward-stroke velocity of the piston itself which not only causes, respectively, an advance or a delay in the approach of the edge 3 of the piston head to the distributor lower circular edge 1d, but also gives it a higher or lower degree of kinetic energy intensity: said energy, by causing an accordingly proportioned extra-movement of the distributor 1, allows the recovery of the rebound energy without requiring an increase in the power absorbed by the apparatus.
  • the head of the piston after getting into the distributor, slides according to the intensity of the rebound energy, so allowing the high-pressure fluid to recover said energy.
  • the recovery of the rebound energy takes place without interfering with the frequency of the piston blows, i.e. if the material to crumble is hard, the recovery of the rebound energy takes place with a lower frequency of the piston blows, whilst, if said material is softer, the recovery of the rebound energy takes place with a higher frequency of the piston blows.
  • Another advantage of the invention lies in the fact that, by completely closing the duct 11, it is possible to obtain a still higher frequency of the piston blows and a lower impact energy; on the contrary, by completely opening the duct 11, it is possible to obtain a still lower frequency of the piston blows and a higher impact energy.

Claims (8)

  1. " Procédé pour ajuster automatiquement des paramètres de fonction d'un appareil à percussion", le susdit appareil à percussion en étant de type hydraulique et en ayant une chambre cylindrique (4) dont le distributeur cylindrique tubulaire (1) glisse à étanche d'huile et alternativement pour permettre l'introduction du fluide à haute pression, par les trous d'accès (7a), pour donner le piston la force d'heurt, et pour decharger le fluide à basse pression, c'est-à-dire l'huile, dans le circuit à basse pression par le conduit (10) pendant le glissement du piston vers l'haut en direction du point mort supérieur, la tête (3) du piston en glissant à étanche d'huile dans le distributeur cylindrique tubulaire (1) en direction opposée et alternativement, le distributeur (1) ayant, le long de son bord circulaire inférieur, un anneau extérieur (1a) qui glisse alternativement le long d'une chambre cylindrique (2) ayant une hauteur h et étant coaxial à la chambre cylindrique (4), l'anneau (1a) ayant une face horizontale (1c) en forme d'anneau, pour provoquer, par le moyen du fluide à haute pression, le glissement du piston (1) vers l'haut quand la tête (3) du piston sort du susdit distributeur pendant son glissement vers le bas, pour obstruer les trous d'accès du susdit fluide à haute pression, la fonction du conduit (9) au fond de la chambre tubulaire (2) en étant de decharger le liquide au-dedans contenu dans le conduit à basse pression (10) pendant le glissement du distributeur (1) vers le bas, de façon à permettre la réouverture des trous d'accès (7a) à haute pression quand la tête du piston s'approche, avec son bord (3a), du bord (1d) du distributeur, caractérisé par le fait que la position du susdit distributeur est controllée par le moyen du conduit calibré (11) qui embranche le conduit à basse pression (10) à la chambre annulaire (2c) attenante l'estrémité postérieure de l'anneau (1a) du distributeur (1), selon l'haute pression et la basse pression produite par le rebondissement du piston, de façon à anticiper ou bien retarder, pendant la course du piston même vers l'haut, l'approche du bord (3a) de la tête (3) du piston au bord inférieur (1d) du distributeur, pour provoquer la course du distributeur (1) même vers le bas et la conséquente réouverture des trous d'accès (7a) du fluid à haute pression.
  2. Méthode selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé par le fait que le conduit (11) a de plus une valve 11.1 à pression.
  3. Méthode selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'effet du conduit calibré (11) est tel que le volume de la chambre annulaire (2c) est minimum si l'on travaille sur des rocs durs, tandis que il est maximum si l'on travaille sur des rocs moins durs.
  4. Méthode selon le revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que l'approche anticipé ou bien retardé du bord supérieur (3a) de la tête du piston au bord inférieur (1d) du distributeur provoque un changement dans la position du point mort supérieur et, respectivement, une diminution ou bien une augmentation du volume de la chambre cylindrique determinées par la tête du piston pendant son glissement du point mort supérieur vers le point mort inférieur, c'est à dire, une diminution ou bien une augmentation de la cylindrée de l'appareil.
  5. Méthode selon les revendications 1, 2, 3 et 4, caractérisé par le fait que, si la puissance absorbée ne change pas, en conséquence de la diminution de la cylindrée, la fréquence des coups du piston augmente et l'energie d'heurt diminue.
  6. Méthode selon les revendications 1, 2, 3, et 4, caractérisé par le fait que, si la puissance absorbée ne change pas, en conséquence de l'augmentation de la cylindrée, la fréquence des coups du piston diminue et l'energie d'heurt augmente.
  7. Méthode selon les revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que le distributeur (1) peut prendre quelconque position fonctionnelle entre les bords annulaires (2a) et (2b) de la chambre tubulaire (2), selon la pression produite par le rebondissement du piston.
  8. Méthode selon les revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que la chambre à haute pression est pourvue avec une valve (12) qui controle la pression pour decharger l'huile dans le circuit à haute pression, quand la pression de retour du piston dépasse les limits de sûreté.
EP89830451A 1989-10-18 1989-10-18 Procédé pour ajuster automatiquement des paramètres de fonction d'un appareil à percussion Expired - Lifetime EP0426928B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP89830451A EP0426928B1 (fr) 1989-10-18 1989-10-18 Procédé pour ajuster automatiquement des paramètres de fonction d'un appareil à percussion
DE68928143T DE68928143T2 (de) 1989-10-18 1989-10-18 Verfahren zum automatischen Anpassen der Funktionsparameter eines Schlagapparates
ES89830451T ES2103711T3 (es) 1989-10-18 1989-10-18 Metodo para ajustar automaticamente los parametros funcionales de un aparato hidraulico de percusion.
AT89830451T ATE154774T1 (de) 1989-10-18 1989-10-18 Verfahren zum automatischen anpassen der funktionsparameter eines schlagapparates

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP89830451A EP0426928B1 (fr) 1989-10-18 1989-10-18 Procédé pour ajuster automatiquement des paramètres de fonction d'un appareil à percussion

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0426928A1 EP0426928A1 (fr) 1991-05-15
EP0426928B1 true EP0426928B1 (fr) 1997-06-25

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EP89830451A Expired - Lifetime EP0426928B1 (fr) 1989-10-18 1989-10-18 Procédé pour ajuster automatiquement des paramètres de fonction d'un appareil à percussion

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EP (1) EP0426928B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE154774T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE68928143T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2103711T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1312140B1 (it) * 1999-06-22 2002-04-09 Priver Ind Srl Macchina oleodinamica a percussione di concezione innovativafunzionante a pressione idraulica costante.
FI20010976A (fi) 2001-05-09 2002-11-10 Sandvik Tamrock Oy Menetelmä iskulaitteen työkierron ohjaamiseksi ja iskulaite
CA2548404C (fr) 2003-12-19 2012-03-13 Clark Equipment Company Outil d'impact
ITBA20120055A1 (it) * 2012-09-24 2014-03-25 Tecna Group Srl Demolitore per escavatori con pistone e circuito idraulico ottimizzato
SE542131C2 (en) 2018-03-28 2020-03-03 Epiroc Rock Drills Ab A percussion device and a method for controlling a percussion mechanism of a percussion device

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2509217A1 (fr) * 1981-07-10 1983-01-14 Montabert Ets Appareil a percussions mu par un fluide sous pression
EP0085279B1 (fr) * 1982-01-22 1986-07-09 Mauro Vitulano Valve pour commander le mouvement alternatif d'un piston de machine hydraulique à percussion, en particulier pour marteaux hydrauliques
FR2602448B1 (fr) * 1986-08-07 1988-10-21 Montabert Ets Procede de regulation des parametres de percussion du piston de frappe d'un appareil mu par un fluide incompressible sous pression, et appareil pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE68928143T2 (de) 1997-12-11
ES2103711T3 (es) 1997-10-01
ATE154774T1 (de) 1997-07-15
DE68928143D1 (de) 1997-07-31
EP0426928A1 (fr) 1991-05-15

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