EP0424671B1 - Device for producing a displacement flow deficient in turbulence - Google Patents

Device for producing a displacement flow deficient in turbulence Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0424671B1
EP0424671B1 EP90118110A EP90118110A EP0424671B1 EP 0424671 B1 EP0424671 B1 EP 0424671B1 EP 90118110 A EP90118110 A EP 90118110A EP 90118110 A EP90118110 A EP 90118110A EP 0424671 B1 EP0424671 B1 EP 0424671B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
circular
chamber
perforated
inner tube
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP90118110A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0424671A3 (en
EP0424671A2 (en
Inventor
Franc Dr.-Ing. Sodec
Werner Dipl.-Ing. Veldboer
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H Krantz GmbH and Co
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H Krantz GmbH and Co
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Priority to AT90118110T priority Critical patent/ATE85417T1/en
Publication of EP0424671A2 publication Critical patent/EP0424671A2/en
Publication of EP0424671A3 publication Critical patent/EP0424671A3/en
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Publication of EP0424671B1 publication Critical patent/EP0424671B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/02—Ducting arrangements
    • F24F13/06—Outlets for directing or distributing air into rooms or spaces, e.g. ceiling air diffuser
    • F24F13/068—Outlets for directing or distributing air into rooms or spaces, e.g. ceiling air diffuser formed as perforated walls, ceilings or floors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for generating a low-turbulence displacement flow with a distributor space which is connected to an air supply line via a supply nozzle and is provided with outlet openings on the base side.
  • Such a device known from DE-A-36 43 175, has a distribution space, the outlet openings of which are defined by the holes in a perforated plate forming the bottom of the distribution space.
  • the outlet openings open into a chamber arranged under the distributor space, which is provided on the bottom side with nozzles serving as outlet openings.
  • the center distance of the nozzles from each other corresponds at least to 3 to 12 times the outlet diameter of the nozzles.
  • the individual jets that can be generated with this device are not completely free of turbulence, but they allow the formation of a stable displacement flow with a relatively low air volume flow.
  • a major disadvantage of the known device is that it cannot be used to form a sufficiently stable low-turbulence displacement flow in rooms with great heights.
  • the supply air In aircraft painting halls, the supply air must be blown out from great heights, whereby the discharge height can be 20-25 m. In such halls, the exhaust air is extracted through floor ducts, so that the air flow is directed vertically from top to bottom. To solvent vapors, paint aerosols u. Like. To displace as direct as possible turbulence to the exhaust air ducts, the air flow must be low in turbulence. The pollutants should not mix too intensively with the air in the room and should only remain in the hall for a relatively short time. High concentrations of paint aerosols and solvents in the air affect both the health of the personnel and the quality of the surfaces to be painted on an aircraft.
  • the painting process is followed by drying of the sprayed-on paint. While the painting is carried out at temperatures of approx. 20-22 ° C and the supply air is blown in more or less isothermally or slightly supercooled, the supply air temperature is increased during drying in order to accelerate the drying process. The supply air temperature is higher than the room air temperature. The same condition occurs during painting in the winter months when the transmission losses have to be covered by the ventilation.
  • the jet pulse must therefore be varied depending on the temperature difference between the room and supply air.
  • the outlet impulse of the supply air jets must be higher than in the cooling case, in which the supply air is colder than the room air.
  • the beam pulse must also be adapted to the type of aircraft to be painted. Aircrafts with a larger fuselage height are better washed by the fresh air than those with a lower fuselage height. This already results from the different distance from the blow-out plane of the device for introducing the supply air into the hall.
  • a corresponding part of the air volume flow is directed vertically downwards and tears it Supply air jets, which exit through the perforated plates via the annular space, thereby extending the penetration depth of the entire supply air accordingly.
  • the part of the air volume flow that flows vertically downwards is mainly chosen to be large if the supply air is warmer than the room air.
  • the preferably circular annular outlet opening which forms the air jet apron can be closed by an annular disk which is coupled to the valve plate closing the core tube and is kept synchronously adjustable in height within the distribution space.
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides that the group of outlet openings arranged in a circle around the upper opening cross section of the core tube or the annular outlet opening can be closed by an annular disk which is likewise coupled to the valve disk but is kept synchronously adjustable in height within the annular space.
  • either the flow paths bypassing the annular space can be increasingly closed by a lifting movement of the valve plate, while the flow path leading over the annular space is increasingly opened, or else the flow paths surrounding the annular space are increasingly opened, while the flow paths leading over the annular space are increasingly closed.
  • the annular space bounded to the outside by perforated sheets and surrounding the core tube is delimited by a cylindrical outer jacket and a circular disk-shaped bottom, the diameter of the bottom being smaller than the diameter of the outer jacket and connected to the bottom by a truncated cone-shaped jacket piece is.
  • This configuration of the device enables a fanned out, low-turbulence air flow of the supply air jets to be achieved.
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides for the annular space to be covered by a perforated sheet metal ring arranged at a distance from the underside of the distributor space.
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides for a perforated plate disk to be arranged in the distributor space at a distance parallel to the outlet cross section of the feed nozzle, the diameter of which being larger than the diameter of the feed nozzle. Thereby The entire air volume flow passes through this perforated plate, divided into individual jets, into the distribution room.
  • each device 1 from three devices arranged in the ceiling area of a hall, 1 supply air from a height of 20-25 m, relative to the level of the hall floor, is blown into the direction of the arrow as a displacement flow and extracted from the hall in the direction of the arrow via floor inlets (not shown).
  • each device 1 forms a row of devices with further devices, not shown, arranged at intervals, so that the displacement flow can be applied to the entire hall space, or at least the object to be loaded, for example an aircraft.
  • each of the devices 1 consists of a distribution space 2 which is circular in plan and which is provided on the ceiling side with a concentrically arranged, vertically oriented feed support 3.
  • the supply nozzle 3 can be connected to an air supply line, not shown.
  • the distributor space 2 is provided with an outlet opening 4, which is likewise arranged concentrically and is defined by the upper opening cross section of a core tube 5, which is aligned coaxially with the feed connector 3 and points downward from the distributor space 2.
  • the outlet opening 4 can be completely or partially shut off by means of a valve plate 7 arranged within the distributor space 2 and height-adjustable with the aid of a drive motor 6.
  • the distribution space is also provided on the bottom and concentrically around the outlet opening 4 at a radial distance from it with an annular outlet opening 8 which can be shut off by an annular disk 9 which is coupled to the valve disk 7 via a linkage 10.
  • annular disk 9 is arranged outside the distributor space 2 below its bottom side, a closing movement of the valve plate 7 causes an opening movement of the ring disk 9 and an opening movement of the valve plate 7 causes a closing movement of the ring disk 9.
  • the distributor space 2 is again on the bottom side and concentric with the outlet opening 4 at a radial distance from the outlet opening 8 further annular outlet opening 11, which is arranged in the edge region of the distributor space 2 and can be shut off by an annular disk 12, which in turn is coupled to the valve plate 7 via the linkage 10 and, like the valve plate 7, is mounted inside the distributor space 2.
  • annular disk 12 can be moved synchronously with the valve disk 7 into the closed or open position, whereas the annular disk 9, despite synchronous movement in the same direction as the valve disk 7 and the annular disk 12, assumes opposite positions, provided the valve disk 7 and the annular disks 9 and 12 are not are in a middle position.
  • a perforated plate 13 is arranged on the ceiling side above the mouth area of the feed connector 3 at a distance parallel to the cross-section of the mouth. The volume flow flowing into the distribution space is evened out with the perforated plate.
  • annular space 14 is connected to the underside of the distribution space 2 and, depending on the opening state of the outlet opening 8, is connected to the distribution space 2. While the inner wall of the annular space 14 is defined by the core tube 5, a cylindrical outer jacket 15, a frustoconical jacket piece 16 connected to its lower edge and a circular disk-shaped member connected to its lower edge define Bottom 17 the annular space 14.
  • the cylindrical outer jacket 15, the frustoconical jacket piece 16 and the circular disk-shaped bottom 17 are made of perforated sheets.
  • the circular disk-shaped base 17 also extends over the lower outlet cross section of the core tube 5 and forms a perforated end for this.
  • the distributor space 2 projects radially beyond the annular space 14 in such a way that the outlet opening 11 opens outside the annular space 14 and the part of the volume flow emerging via the outlet opening 11 forms an air jet apron enveloping the annular space 14 and thus bypasses the annular space 14 as well as the one passed through the core tube 5 Part of the volume flow.
  • the air jets emerging through the holes in the walls of the annular space 14 are directed more or less intensely vertically downward into the hall space to be supplied with supply air and form an overall low-turbulence displacement flow.
  • the inner diameter d of the core tube 5 should 0.1-0.4 times and the height h of the cylindrical part of the annular space should correspond to 0.15-0.25 times the outer diameter D of the annular space.
  • the circular bottom of the annular space 14 should have a diameter D 1, which corresponds to 0.6-0.7 times the outer diameter D of the annular space, and the width s by which the base area of the distributor space 2 protrudes radially beyond the annular space 14 should be so large be dimensioned so that it corresponds to 0.02-0.04 times the outer diameter D of the annular space 14.
  • the truncated cone-shaped jacket piece 16 of the annular space 14 should have an angle of inclination to the horizontal of 40-50 °.
  • FIG. 5 a shows, with the outlet opening 4 closed and the outlet opening 11 also closed, the entire supply air flows into the annular space 14 via the outlet opening 8 and from there via the perforated plates delimiting the annular space 14 into the space. This creates low-turbulence fanned air jets with a low exit impulse. This position is selected when the supply air is colder than the room air.
  • the outlet opening 4 and the outlet opening 11 are partially open, so that part of the supply air flows as a supporting jet with a higher air speed over the core tube 5 and the outlet opening 11 and the large-area air flow from the perforated sheet casing of the Annulus 14 induced.
  • the depth of penetration increases because the total air supplied is fanned out less. This position is preferably chosen if the supply air temperature does not differ significantly from the hall temperature.
  • valve disk 7 and the annular disk 12 are raised further from the outlet opening 4 and the outlet opening 11 compared to the illustration in FIG. 5b, as a result of which the supporting jet is intensified, the exit pulse is increased and the depth of penetration is lengthened.
  • This position is preferably chosen when the supply air is warmer than the room air.
  • the exit speed of the support jet which exits through the core tube 5 is in the range of 0 -20 m / s adjustable. The higher the exit speed, the higher the induction.
  • the core tube 5 is arranged in the center of the outlet and the air jet from the outlet opening 11 affects the cylindrical jacket of the annular space 14, the supporting jet does not induce the ambient air, but predominantly the adjacent supply air jets which emerge via the perforated sheet metal jacket.
  • the perforated sheet sheathing also has the advantage that the incoming air jets have a low-turbulence characteristic, the smaller the hole diameter, the smaller the turbulence.
  • a low-turbulence displacement flow is achieved with very little induction of the room air.
  • paint particles released in a paint shop can thus be displaced very intensively in the direction of the floor and sucked off through floor inlets.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Duct Arrangements (AREA)
  • Air-Flow Control Members (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Aeration Devices For Treatment Of Activated Polluted Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

A device for introducing a low turbulence air displacement flow into an enclosed space, has a first housing section enclosing an air distribution space having an air inlet on one side and air flow passages through another side, and a second housing section having a perforated outer jacket and a non-perforated central core pipe. One central air flow passage connects the core pipe to the air distribution space. A ring of holes or a ring gap leads into a ring space formed between the perforated jacket and the core pipe. A third air passage permits forming an air skirt around the outer surface of the jacket. Control elements permit selectively opening and closing the flow passages, so that all or part of the fresh air may pass through the core pipe and air skirt or through the ring space. The perforated jacket may have a cylindrical portion and a frustum portion connecting the cylindrical portion to a perforated bottom plate. Air exiting through the air skirt and through the core pipe entrains air exiting through the perforated jacket to form the displacement air flow.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung einer turbulenzarmen Verdrängungsströmung mit einem Verteilerraum, der über einen Zuführstutzen an eine Luftzuführleitung angeschlossen und bodenseitig mit Auslaßöffnungen versehen ist.The invention relates to a device for generating a low-turbulence displacement flow with a distributor space which is connected to an air supply line via a supply nozzle and is provided with outlet openings on the base side.

Eine derartige, aus der DE-A-36 43 175 bekannte Vorrichtung besitzt einen Verteilerraum, dessen Auslaßöffnungen durch die Löcher eines den Boden des Verteilerraums bildenden Lochblechs definiert sind. Die Auslaßöffnungen münden in eine unter dem Verteilerraum angeordnete Kammer, die bodenseitig mit als Austrittsöffnungen dienenden Düsen versehen ist. Der Mittenabstand der Düsen voneinander entspricht mindest dem 3- bis 12fachen Austrittsdurchmesser der Düsen. Die mit dieser Vorrichtung erzeugbaren Einzelstrahlen sind zwar nicht völlig frei von Turbulenzen, ermöglichen aber die Bildung einer stabilen Verdrängungsströmung mit einem verhältnismäßig geringen Luftvolumenstrom.Such a device, known from DE-A-36 43 175, has a distribution space, the outlet openings of which are defined by the holes in a perforated plate forming the bottom of the distribution space. The outlet openings open into a chamber arranged under the distributor space, which is provided on the bottom side with nozzles serving as outlet openings. The center distance of the nozzles from each other corresponds at least to 3 to 12 times the outlet diameter of the nozzles. The individual jets that can be generated with this device are not completely free of turbulence, but they allow the formation of a stable displacement flow with a relatively low air volume flow.

Ein wesentlicher Nachteil der bekannten Vorrichtung besteht darin, daß sich damit eine hinreichend stabile turbulenzarme Verdrängungsströmung in Räumen mit großen Höhen nicht ausbilden läßt.A major disadvantage of the known device is that it cannot be used to form a sufficiently stable low-turbulence displacement flow in rooms with great heights.

In Flugzeuglackierhallen muß die Zuluft aus großen Höhen ausgeblasen werden, wobei die Ausblashöhe 20-25 m betragen kann. In solchen Hallen wird die Abluft durch Bodenkanäle abgesaugt, so daß die Luftströmung also senkrecht von oben nach unten gerichtet ist. Um Lösungsmitteldämpfe, Lackaerosole u. dgl. möglichst turbulenzarm auf dem direkten Wege zu den Abluftkanälen zu verdrängen, muß die Luftströmung turbulenzarm sein. Die Schadstoffe sollen sich nämlich mit der Raumluft nicht allzu intensiv vermischen und einer nur relativ kurzen Verweilzeit in der Halle unterliegen. Hohe Konzentrationen an Lackaerosolen und Lösungsmitteln in der Raumluft beeinträchtigen nämlich sowohl die Gesundheit des Personals als auch die Qualität der zu lackierenden Oberflächen eines Flugzeugs.In aircraft painting halls, the supply air must be blown out from great heights, whereby the discharge height can be 20-25 m. In such halls, the exhaust air is extracted through floor ducts, so that the air flow is directed vertically from top to bottom. To solvent vapors, paint aerosols u. Like. To displace as direct as possible turbulence to the exhaust air ducts, the air flow must be low in turbulence. The pollutants should not mix too intensively with the air in the room and should only remain in the hall for a relatively short time. High concentrations of paint aerosols and solvents in the air affect both the health of the personnel and the quality of the surfaces to be painted on an aircraft.

Dem Lackiervorgang folgt die Trocknung des aufgespritzen Lacks. Während die Lackierung bei Temperaturen von ca. 20-22°C durchgeführt und die Zuluft mehr oder weniger isotherm oder leicht unterkühlt eingeblasen wird, erfolgt beim Trocknen eine Erhöhung der Zulufttemperatur, um den Trocknungsvorgang zu beschleunigen. Die Zulufttemperatur ist dabei höher als die Raumlufttemperatur. Der gleiche Zustand stellt sich auch in den Wintermonaten bereits beim Lackieren ein, wenn die Transmissionsverluste durch die Belüftung gedeckt werden müssen.The painting process is followed by drying of the sprayed-on paint. While the painting is carried out at temperatures of approx. 20-22 ° C and the supply air is blown in more or less isothermally or slightly supercooled, the supply air temperature is increased during drying in order to accelerate the drying process. The supply air temperature is higher than the room air temperature. The same condition occurs during painting in the winter months when the transmission losses have to be covered by the ventilation.

Für eine stabile Verdrängungsströmung muß daher der Strahlimpuls in Abhängigkeit von der Temperaturdifferenz zwischen Raum- und Zuluft variiert werden. Im Heizfall, bei dem die Zuluft wärmer als die Raumluft ist, muß der Austrittsimpuls der Zuluftstrahlen höher sein als im Kühlfall, bei dem die Zuluft kälter als die Raumluft ist.For a stable displacement flow, the jet pulse must therefore be varied depending on the temperature difference between the room and supply air. In the heating case, in which the supply air is warmer than the room air, the outlet impulse of the supply air jets must be higher than in the cooling case, in which the supply air is colder than the room air.

Weiterhin ist auch der Strahlimpuls jeweils dem Typ des zu lackierenden Flugzeugs anzupassen. So werden Flugzeuge mit einer größeren Rumpfhöhe besser von der Frischluft umspült als solche mit einer niedrigeren Rumpfhöhe. Dies ergibt sich bereits aus dem unterschiedlichen Abstand zur Ausblasebene der Vorrichtung zum Einbringen der Zuluft in die Halle.Furthermore, the beam pulse must also be adapted to the type of aircraft to be painted. Aircrafts with a larger fuselage height are better washed by the fresh air than those with a lower fuselage height. This already results from the different distance from the blow-out plane of the device for introducing the supply air into the hall.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung einer turbulenzarmen Verdrängungsströmung vorzuschlagen, welche die spezifischen Anforderungen an die Luftführung in hohen Hallen, wie beispielsweise Flugzeuglackierhallen, berücksichtigt. Diese Anforderungen sind im einzelnen:

  • a) turbulenzarme, stabile Zuluftstrahlen zu erzeugen,
  • b) eine Veränderung des Strahlimpulses vornehmen zu können,
  • c) große Luftvolumenströme einbringen zu können.
The invention is based on the object of proposing a device for generating a low-turbulence displacement flow which takes into account the specific requirements for air guidance in high halls, such as aircraft painting halls. The individual requirements are:
  • a) to generate low-turbulence, stable supply air jets,
  • b) to be able to change the beam pulse,
  • c) to be able to introduce large air volume flows.

Zur Lösung der sich aus diesen spezifischen Anforderungen ergebenden Aufgabe wird von einer Vorrichtung der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 genannten gattungsgemäßen Art ausgegangen, welche erfindungsgemäß die im kennzeichnenden Teil desselben angegebenen Merkmale aufweist.To solve the problem arising from these specific requirements, a device of the generic type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 is assumed, which according to the invention has the features specified in the characterizing part of the same.

In Abhängigkeit davon, wie groß der Anteil der über die Vorrichtung einzubringenden Zuluft ist, der über das Kernrohr und die die Luftstrahlenschürze bildende Auslaßöffnung unter Umgehung des Ringraums in die zu beaufschlagende Halle einströmt, wird ein entsprechender Teil des Luftvolumenstroms senkrecht nach unten geleitet und reißt die Zuluftstrahlen, die über den Ringraum durch die Lochbleche austreten, mit, wodurch entsprechend die Eindringtiefe der gesamten Zuluft verlängert wird. Den somit senkrecht nach unten strömenden Teil des Luftvolumenstroms wählt man vorwiegend dann groß, wenn die Zuluft wärmer als die Raumluft ist. Bei völlig geöffnetem Kernrohr und dem vorzugsweise ringförmigen Öffnungsquerschnitt, mit dem die Luftstrahlenschürze ausgebildet wird, ist der Lufteintritt in den von den Lochblechen umgebenen Ringraum versperrt, und die gesamte Zuluft strömt aus dem Kernrohr und dem die Luftstrahlenschürze bildenden Ringspalt senkrecht nach unten mit hoher Geschwindigkeit aus. Diese Stellung wählt man vor allem bei Aufheizvorgängen oder wenn eine kurzzeitige intensive Durchspülung des Aufenthaltsbereichs erwünscht ist.Depending on how large the proportion of the supply air to be introduced through the device, which flows into the hall to be acted upon via the core tube and the outlet opening forming the air jet skirt, bypassing the annular space, a corresponding part of the air volume flow is directed vertically downwards and tears it Supply air jets, which exit through the perforated plates via the annular space, thereby extending the penetration depth of the entire supply air accordingly. The part of the air volume flow that flows vertically downwards is mainly chosen to be large if the supply air is warmer than the room air. With the core tube completely open and the preferably annular opening cross section with which the air jet apron is formed, the air entry into the annular space surrounded by the perforated plates is blocked, and the entire supply air flows out of the core tube and the annular gap forming the air jet apron vertically downwards at high speed . This position is chosen especially when heating up or when a brief intensive flushing of the lounge area is desired.

Bei geschlossenem Kernrohr und Ringspalt strömt die gesamte Zuluft über den Ringraum durch die Lochbleche mit einer geringen Luftgeschwindigkeit aus. Diese Stellung wählt man vorzugsweise im Kühlfall, da dann die Zuluft ohnehin dazu tendiert, nach unten zu strömen. Die Zuluft wird in dieser Stellung teils senkrecht nach unten, teils schräg und teils waagerecht ausgeblasen.When the core tube and the annular gap are closed, the entire supply air flows out through the perforated plates through the perforated plates at a low air speed. This position is preferred for cooling, since the supply air tends to flow downwards anyway. In this position, the supply air is blown out partly vertically downwards, partly at an angle and partly horizontally.

Nach einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die die Luftstrahlenschürze formende, vorzugsweise kreisringförmige Auslaßöffnung durch eine Ringscheibe verschließbar, die mit dem das Kernrohr verschließenden Ventilteller gekuppelt und mit diesem synchron höhenverstellbar innerhalb des Verteilerraumes gehalten ist.According to one embodiment of the invention, the preferably circular annular outlet opening which forms the air jet apron can be closed by an annular disk which is coupled to the valve plate closing the core tube and is kept synchronously adjustable in height within the distribution space.

Eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, daß die kreisförmig um den oberen Öffnungsquerschnitt des Kernrohrs angeordnete Gruppe von Auslaßöffnungen oder die ringförmige Auslaßöffnung durch eine Ringscheibe verschließbar ist, die gleichfalls mit dem Ventilteller gekuppelt, jedoch innerhalb des Ringraums synchron höhenverstellbar gehalten ist.A further embodiment of the invention provides that the group of outlet openings arranged in a circle around the upper opening cross section of the core tube or the annular outlet opening can be closed by an annular disk which is likewise coupled to the valve disk but is kept synchronously adjustable in height within the annular space.

Durch die vorstehenden Ausgestaltungen lassen sich durch eine Hubbewegung des Ventiltellers entweder die den Ringraum umgehenden Strömungswege zunehmend verschließen, während der über den Ringraum führende Strömungsweg zunehmend geöffnet wird, oder aber die den Ringraum umgehenden Strömungswege zunehmend öffnen, während die über den Ringraum führenden Strömungswege zunehmend geschlossen werden.By means of the above configurations, either the flow paths bypassing the annular space can be increasingly closed by a lifting movement of the valve plate, while the flow path leading over the annular space is increasingly opened, or else the flow paths surrounding the annular space are increasingly opened, while the flow paths leading over the annular space are increasingly closed.

Nach einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist der durch Lochbleche nach außen begrenzte, das Kernrohr umgebende Ringraum durch einen zylindrischen Außenmantel und einen kreisscheibenförmigen Boden begrenzt, wobei der Durchmesser des Bodens kleiner ist als der Durchmesser des Außenmantels und dieser mit dem Boden über ein kegelstumpfförmiges Mantelstück verbunden ist.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the annular space bounded to the outside by perforated sheets and surrounding the core tube is delimited by a cylindrical outer jacket and a circular disk-shaped bottom, the diameter of the bottom being smaller than the diameter of the outer jacket and connected to the bottom by a truncated cone-shaped jacket piece is.

Durch diese Ausgestaltung der Vorrichtung läßt sich eine aufgefächerte, turbulenzarme Luftströmung der Zuluftstrahlen erreichen.This configuration of the device enables a fanned out, low-turbulence air flow of the supply air jets to be achieved.

Zur Vergleichmäßigung des in den Ringraum eintretenden Luftvolumenstroms sieht eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vor, den Ringraum durch einen in einem Abstand zur Unterseite des Verteilerraums angeordneten Lochblechring abzudecken.In order to even out the air volume flow entering the annular space, a further embodiment of the invention provides for the annular space to be covered by a perforated sheet metal ring arranged at a distance from the underside of the distributor space.

Um bereits den gesamten in den Verteilerraum einströmenden Luftvolumenstrom zu vergleichmäßigen, sieht eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vor, im Verteilerraum in einem Abstand parallel zum Auslaßquerschnitt des Zuführstutzens eine Lochblechscheibe anzuordnen, deren Durchmesser größer ist als der Durchmesser des Zuführstutzens. Dadurch gelangt der gesamte Luftvolumenstrom über diese Lochblechscheibe, in Einzelstrahlen aufgeteilt, in den Verteilerraum.In order to even out the entire air volume flow flowing into the distributor space, a further embodiment of the invention provides for a perforated plate disk to be arranged in the distributor space at a distance parallel to the outlet cross section of the feed nozzle, the diameter of which being larger than the diameter of the feed nozzle. Thereby The entire air volume flow passes through this perforated plate, divided into individual jets, into the distribution room.

Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Bemessungsmerkmalen, wie sie in den Ansprüchen 8 bis 12 angegeben sind.Further refinements of the invention result from the design features as specified in claims 8 to 12.

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung dargestellt und nachfolgend näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 drei schematisch dargestellte Vorrichtungen im Deckenbereich einer in einem vertikalen Querschnitt dargestellten Flugzeuglackierhalle;
  • Fig. 2 eine Vorrichtung in einem vertikalen Querschnitt bei Offenstellung der in den Ringraum mündenden Auslaßöffnung und Schließstellung der übrigen Auslaßöffnungen;
  • Fig. 3 eine Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 2, ergänzt um Maßlinien und eine Winkelangabe für das kegelstumpfförmige Mantelstück des Ringraums;
  • Fig. 4 eine Vorrichtung gemäß den Fig. 2 und 3, jedoch im teilweise geöffneten Zustand aller Auslaßöffnungen;
  • Fig. 5a den Öffnungszustand der Auslaßöffnungen beim Einbringen von Zuluft, die kälter ist als die Raumluft;
  • Fig. 5b die Vorrichtung im Öffnungszustand der Auslaßöffnungen bei isothermer Zuluft und Raumluft;
  • Fig. 5c die Vorrichtung im Öffnungszustand der Auslaßöffnungen beim Einbringen von Zuluft, die wärmer ist als die Raumluft.
In the drawing, an embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown and described in more detail below. Show it:
  • Figure 1 shows three schematically illustrated devices in the ceiling area of an aircraft paint shop shown in a vertical cross section.
  • 2 shows a device in a vertical cross section with the outlet opening opening into the annular space and the closed position of the other outlet openings in the open position;
  • 3 shows a device according to FIG. 2, supplemented by dimension lines and an angle for the frustoconical shell of the annular space;
  • 4 shows a device according to FIGS. 2 and 3, but in the partially open state of all outlet openings;
  • 5a shows the opening state of the outlet openings when introducing supply air, which is colder than the room air;
  • 5b shows the device in the open state of the outlet openings with isothermal supply air and room air;
  • Fig. 5c, the device in the open state of the outlet openings when introducing supply air, which is warmer than the room air.

Gemäß Fig. 1 wird aus drei im Deckenbereich einer Halle angeordneten Vorrichtungen 1 Zuluft aus 20-25 m Höhe, bezogen auf das Niveau des Hallenbodens, in Pfeilrichtung aufgefächert als Verdrängungsströmung in die Halle eingeblasen und über nicht dargestellte Bodeneinlässe in Pfeilrichtung aus der Halle abgesaugt. Je nach Hallen- bzw. Objektlänge bildet jede Vorrichtung 1 mit in Abständen angeordneten weiteren, nicht erkennbar dargestellten Vorrichtungen eine Vorrichtungsreihe, so daß der gesamte Hallenraum, zumindest aber das zu beaufschlagende Objekt, beispielsweise ein Flugzeug, mit der Verdrängungsströmung beaufschlagbar ist.1, from three devices arranged in the ceiling area of a hall, 1 supply air from a height of 20-25 m, relative to the level of the hall floor, is blown into the direction of the arrow as a displacement flow and extracted from the hall in the direction of the arrow via floor inlets (not shown). Depending on the length of the hall or object, each device 1 forms a row of devices with further devices, not shown, arranged at intervals, so that the displacement flow can be applied to the entire hall space, or at least the object to be loaded, for example an aircraft.

Jede der Vorrichtungen 1 besteht, wie insbesondere die Fig. 2-4 zeigen, aus einem im Grundriß kreisförmigen Verteilerraum 2, der deckenseitig mit einem konzentrisch angeordneten, vertikal ausgerichteten Zuführstützen 3 versehen ist.2-4, each of the devices 1 consists of a distribution space 2 which is circular in plan and which is provided on the ceiling side with a concentrically arranged, vertically oriented feed support 3.

Der Zuführstutzen 3 ist an eine nicht dargestellte Luftzuführleitung anschließbar.The supply nozzle 3 can be connected to an air supply line, not shown.

Bodenseitig ist der Verteilerraum 2 mit einer Auslaßöffnung 4 versehen, die gleichfalls konzentrisch angeordnet und durch den oberen Öffnungsquerschnitt eines Kernrohrs 5 definiert ist, das koaxial zum Zuführstutzen 3 ausgerichtet ist und vom Verteilerraum 2 aus nach unten weist. Durch einen innerhalb des Verteilerraums 2 angeordneten und mit Hilfe eines Antriebsmotors 6 höhenverstellbar gelagerten Ventiltellers 7 ist die Auslaßöffnung 4 ganz oder teilweise absperrbar.At the bottom, the distributor space 2 is provided with an outlet opening 4, which is likewise arranged concentrically and is defined by the upper opening cross section of a core tube 5, which is aligned coaxially with the feed connector 3 and points downward from the distributor space 2. The outlet opening 4 can be completely or partially shut off by means of a valve plate 7 arranged within the distributor space 2 and height-adjustable with the aid of a drive motor 6.

Weiterhin ist der Verteilerraum gleichfalls bodenseitig und konzentrisch um die Auslaßöffnung 4 in einem radialen Abstand zu dieser mit einer ringförmigen Auslaßöffnung 8 versehen, die durch eine Ringscheibe 9 absperrbar ist, welche über ein Gestänge 10 mit dem Ventilteller 7 gekuppelt ist. Da jedoch die Ringscheibe 9 außerhalb des Verteilerraums 2 unterhalb dessen Bodenseite angeordnet ist, bewirkt eine Schließbewegung des Ventiltellers 7 eine Öffnungsbewegung der Ringscheibe 9 und eine Öffnungsbewegung des Ventiltellers 7 eine Schließbewegung der Ringscheibe 9.Furthermore, the distribution space is also provided on the bottom and concentrically around the outlet opening 4 at a radial distance from it with an annular outlet opening 8 which can be shut off by an annular disk 9 which is coupled to the valve disk 7 via a linkage 10. However, since the annular disk 9 is arranged outside the distributor space 2 below its bottom side, a closing movement of the valve plate 7 causes an opening movement of the ring disk 9 and an opening movement of the valve plate 7 causes a closing movement of the ring disk 9.

Schließlich ist der Verteilerraum 2 wiederum bodenseitig und konzentrisch um die Auslaßöffnung 4 in einem radialen Abstand zur Auslaßöffnung 8 mit einer weiteren ringförmigen Auslaßöffnung 11 versehen, die im Randbereich des Verteilerraums 2 angeordnet und durch eine Ringscheibe 12 absperrbar ist, welche wiederum mit dem Ventilteller 7 über das Gestänge 10 gekuppelt und wie der Ventilteller 7 innerhalb des Verteilerraums 2 gelagert ist. Dadurch ist die Ringscheibe 12 synchron mit dem Ventilteller 7 in die Schließ- oder Offenstellung überführbar, wogegen die Ringscheibe 9 trotz synchroner gleichgerichteter Bewegung zum Ventilteller 7 und der Ringscheibe 12 jeweils entgegengesetzte Positionen einnimmt, sofern sich der Ventilteller 7 und die Ringscheiben 9 und 12 nicht in einer Mittelstellung befinden.Finally, the distributor space 2 is again on the bottom side and concentric with the outlet opening 4 at a radial distance from the outlet opening 8 further annular outlet opening 11, which is arranged in the edge region of the distributor space 2 and can be shut off by an annular disk 12, which in turn is coupled to the valve plate 7 via the linkage 10 and, like the valve plate 7, is mounted inside the distributor space 2. As a result, the annular disk 12 can be moved synchronously with the valve disk 7 into the closed or open position, whereas the annular disk 9, despite synchronous movement in the same direction as the valve disk 7 and the annular disk 12, assumes opposite positions, provided the valve disk 7 and the annular disks 9 and 12 are not are in a middle position.

Im Verteilerraum 2 ist deckenseitig über den Mündungsbereich des Zuführstutzens 3 ein Lochblech 13 in einem Parallelabstand zum Mündungsquerschnitt angeordnet. Mit dem Lochblech wird der in den Verteilerraum einströmende Volumenstrom vergleichmäßigt.In the distributor space 2, a perforated plate 13 is arranged on the ceiling side above the mouth area of the feed connector 3 at a distance parallel to the cross-section of the mouth. The volume flow flowing into the distribution space is evened out with the perforated plate.

An der Unterseite des Verteilerraums 2 ist ein Ringraum 14 angeschlossen, der je nach dem Öffnungszustand der Auslaßöffnung 8 mit dem Verteilerraum 2 in Verbindung steht. Während die Innenwand des Ringraums 14 durch das Kernrohr 5 definiert ist, begrenzen ein zylindrischer Außenmantel 15, ein an dessen Unterkante angeschlossenes kegelstumpfförmiges Mantelstück 16 und ein an dessen Unterkante angeschlossener kreisscheibenförmiger Boden 17 den Ringraum 14. Der zylindrische Außenmantel 15, das kegelstumpfförmige Mantelstück 16 und der kreisscheibenförmige Boden 17 sind aus Lochblechen hergestellt. Der kreisscheibenförmige Boden 17 erstreckt sich auch über den unteren Auslaßquerschnitt des Kernrohrs 5 und bildet für dieses einen perforierten Abschluß.An annular space 14 is connected to the underside of the distribution space 2 and, depending on the opening state of the outlet opening 8, is connected to the distribution space 2. While the inner wall of the annular space 14 is defined by the core tube 5, a cylindrical outer jacket 15, a frustoconical jacket piece 16 connected to its lower edge and a circular disk-shaped member connected to its lower edge define Bottom 17 the annular space 14. The cylindrical outer jacket 15, the frustoconical jacket piece 16 and the circular disk-shaped bottom 17 are made of perforated sheets. The circular disk-shaped base 17 also extends over the lower outlet cross section of the core tube 5 and forms a perforated end for this.

Der Verteilerraum 2 überragt den Ringraum 14 radial so, daß die Auslaßöffnung 11 außerhalb des Ringraums 14 mündet und der über die Auslaßöffnung 11 austretende Teil des Volumenstroms eine den Ringraum 14 umhüllende Luftstrahlenschürze bildet und somit den Ringraum 14 ebenso umgeht wie der durch das Kernrohr 5 geleitete Teil des Volumenstroms. Je nach Größe und Impuls dieser beiden den Ringraum umgehenden Teile des Volumenstroms werden die durch die Löcher der Wandungen des Ringraums 14 austretenden Luftstrahlen mehr oder weniger intensiv vertikal nach unten in den mit Zuluft zu beaufschlagenden Hallenraum gelenkt und bilden insgesamt eine turbulenzarme Verdrängungsströmung.The distributor space 2 projects radially beyond the annular space 14 in such a way that the outlet opening 11 opens outside the annular space 14 and the part of the volume flow emerging via the outlet opening 11 forms an air jet apron enveloping the annular space 14 and thus bypasses the annular space 14 as well as the one passed through the core tube 5 Part of the volume flow. Depending on the size and momentum of these two parts of the volume flow bypassing the annular space, the air jets emerging through the holes in the walls of the annular space 14 are directed more or less intensely vertically downward into the hall space to be supplied with supply air and form an overall low-turbulence displacement flow.

Mit Bezug auf Fig. 3 empfiehlt es sich, für Hallen mit einer Höhe von über 20 m Vorrichtungen zu installieren, deren Ringraum 14 einen Außendurchmesser D von 1-2 m aufweist, und dabei die sich aus der Höhe des Verteilerraums 2 und der Höhe des Ringraums 14 insgesamt ergebende Höhe H mit 1-1,5 m zu bemessen. Der Innendurchmesser d des Kernrohrs 5 sollte dem 0,1-0,4fachen und die Höhe h des zylindrischen Teils des Ringraums sollte dem 0,15-0,25fachen Außendurchmesser D des Ringraums entsprechen. Der kreisförmige Boden des Ringraums 14 sollte einen Durchmesser D₁ aufweisen, der dem 0,6-0,7fachen des Außendurchmessers D des Ringraums entspricht, und die Breite s, um die die Grundfläche des Verteilerraums 2 radial über den Ringraum 14 vorsteht, sollte so groß bemessen sein, daß sie dem 0,02-0,04fachen Außendurchmesser D des Ringraums 14 entspricht. Schließlich sollte das kegelstumpfförmige Mantelstück 16 des Ringraums 14 einen Neigungswinkel zur Horizontalen von 40-50° aufweisen.With reference to FIG. 3, it is advisable to install devices for halls with a height of over 20 m, the annular space 14 of which has an outer diameter D of 1-2 m, and which results from the height of the distribution space 2 and the height of the Annulus 14 total height H to be dimensioned with 1-1.5 m. The inner diameter d of the core tube 5 should 0.1-0.4 times and the height h of the cylindrical part of the annular space should correspond to 0.15-0.25 times the outer diameter D of the annular space. The circular bottom of the annular space 14 should have a diameter D 1, which corresponds to 0.6-0.7 times the outer diameter D of the annular space, and the width s by which the base area of the distributor space 2 protrudes radially beyond the annular space 14 should be so large be dimensioned so that it corresponds to 0.02-0.04 times the outer diameter D of the annular space 14. Finally, the truncated cone-shaped jacket piece 16 of the annular space 14 should have an angle of inclination to the horizontal of 40-50 °.

Wie Fig. 5a zeigt, strömt bei geschlossener Auslaßöffnung 4 und gleichfalls geschlossener Auslaßöffnung 11 die gesamte Zuluft über die Auslaßöffnung 8 in den Ringraum 14 und von dort aus über die den Ringraum 14 begrenzenden Lochbleche in den Raum. Es entstehen dabei turbulenzarme aufgefächerte Luftstrahlen mit einem geringen Austrittsimpuls. Diese Stellung wählt man, wenn die Zuluft kälter als die Raumluft ist.As FIG. 5 a shows, with the outlet opening 4 closed and the outlet opening 11 also closed, the entire supply air flows into the annular space 14 via the outlet opening 8 and from there via the perforated plates delimiting the annular space 14 into the space. This creates low-turbulence fanned air jets with a low exit impulse. This position is selected when the supply air is colder than the room air.

Wie Fig 5b zeigt, sind die Auslaßöffnung 4 und die Auslaßöffnung 11 teilweise geöffnet, so daß ein Teil der Zuluft als Stützstrahl mit höherer Luftgeschwindigkeit über das Kernrohr 5 und die Auslaßöffnung 11 strömt und dabei die großflächige Luftströmung aus der Lochblechummantelung des Ringraums 14 induziert. Die Eindringtiefe erhöht sich, da die insgesamt zugeführte Luft weniger aufgefächert wird. Diese Stellung wählt man vorzugsweise, wenn die Zulufttemperatur nicht wesentlich von der Hallentemperatur abweicht.As Fig. 5b shows, the outlet opening 4 and the outlet opening 11 are partially open, so that part of the supply air flows as a supporting jet with a higher air speed over the core tube 5 and the outlet opening 11 and the large-area air flow from the perforated sheet casing of the Annulus 14 induced. The depth of penetration increases because the total air supplied is fanned out less. This position is preferably chosen if the supply air temperature does not differ significantly from the hall temperature.

Gemäß Fig. 5c sind der Ventilteller 7 und die Ringscheibe 12 von der Auslaßöffnung 4 bzw. der Auslaßöffnung 11 gegenüber der Darstellung in Fig. 5b weiter abgehoben, wodurch der Stützstrahl noch verstärkt, der Austrittsimpuls erhöht und die Eindringtiefe verlängert wird. Diese Stellung wählt man vorzugsweise, wenn die Zuluft wärmer als die Raumluft ist.According to FIG. 5c, the valve disk 7 and the annular disk 12 are raised further from the outlet opening 4 and the outlet opening 11 compared to the illustration in FIG. 5b, as a result of which the supporting jet is intensified, the exit pulse is increased and the depth of penetration is lengthened. This position is preferably chosen when the supply air is warmer than the room air.

Während die Ausblasgeschwindigkeit der durch die Lochblechummantelung des Ringraums 14 austretenden Strahlen im Bereich von 0,3-1 m/s liegt, um die Induktion der Raumluft zu minimieren, ist die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit des Stützstrahls, der durch das Kernrohr 5 austritt, im Bereich von 0-20 m/s einstellbar. Je höher die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit ist, desto höher ist auch die Induktion. Weil das Kernrohr 5 jedoch in der Austrittsmitte angeordnet ist und der Luftstrahl aus der Auslaßöffnung 11 den zylindrischen Mantel des Ringraums 14 tangiert, induziert der Stützstrahl nicht die Raumluft, sondern überwiegend die benachbarten Zuluftstrahlen, die über die Lochblechummantelung austreten.While the blow-out speed of the jets emerging through the perforated sheet casing of the annular space 14 is in the range of 0.3-1 m / s in order to minimize the induction of the ambient air, the exit speed of the support jet which exits through the core tube 5 is in the range of 0 -20 m / s adjustable. The higher the exit speed, the higher the induction. However, because the core tube 5 is arranged in the center of the outlet and the air jet from the outlet opening 11 affects the cylindrical jacket of the annular space 14, the supporting jet does not induce the ambient air, but predominantly the adjacent supply air jets which emerge via the perforated sheet metal jacket.

Die Lochblechummantelung hat zudem den Vorteil, daß die dadurch austretenden Zuluftstrahlen eine turbulenzarme Charakteristik aufweisen, wobei die Turbulenz um so geringer ist, je kleiner der Lochdurchmesser ist.The perforated sheet sheathing also has the advantage that the incoming air jets have a low-turbulence characteristic, the smaller the hole diameter, the smaller the turbulence.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung erreicht man eine turbulenzarme Verdrängungsströmung mit sehr geringer Induktion der Raumluft. Beispielsweise in einer Lackierhalle freiwerdende Lackpartikel können somit hoch intensiv in Bodenrichtung verdrängt und über Bodeneinlässe abgesaugt werden.With the device according to the invention, a low-turbulence displacement flow is achieved with very little induction of the room air. For example, paint particles released in a paint shop can thus be displaced very intensively in the direction of the floor and sucked off through floor inlets.

Claims (12)

  1. Device for producing a low-turbulence displacement flow, comprising a distributor chamber, which is connected to an air-supply line via a supply socket and at the bottom provided with outlet apertures, characterised in that an outlet aperture (4) is formed by the top aperture cross-section of an inner tube (5), which is arranged coaxially to the supply socket (3) and closable by a valve plate (7), whilst a group of outlet apertures, which is arranged circularly around this aperture cross-section of the inner tube (5), or a corresponding circular outlet aperture (8) terminates in a circular chamber (14) which encloses the inner tube (5), the defining walls of which are, up to an inner casing which is formed by the inner tube (5), formed by perforated sheets, and that the bottom surface of the distributor chamber (2) protrudes radially outwards over the circular chamber (14), and that in the protruding bottom area of the distributor chamber (2) is provided at least one additional closable outlet aperture (11), by means of which thereover exiting air streams are formed into an air-flow apron which encloses the outer casing of the circular chamber (14).
  2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the outlet aperture (11), which encloses the air-flow apron, is closable by means of a circular plate (12), which is coupled to the valve plate (7) which closes the inner tube (5), and synchronously height adjustable therewith within a distributor chamber (2).
  3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the group of outlet apertures, which is arranged circularly around the top aperture cross-section of the inner tube (5), or the circular outlet aperture (8) is closable by means of a circular plate (9) or a group of plates which are also coupled to the valve plate (7), but are synchronously height adjustable within the circular chamber (14).
  4. Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the circular chamber (14), which is defined towards the outside by perforated sheets and which encloses the inner tube (5), is defined by a cylindrical outer casing (15) and a bottom (17) in the shape of a circular plate, whereby the diameter of the bottom (17) is smaller than the diameter of the outer casing (15) and is connected to the bottom (17) via a truncated casing element (16).
  5. Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the circular chamber (14), which is defined towards the outside by perforated sheets and which encloses the inner tube (5), is covered by a perforated-sheet ring which is arranged at a distance from the bottom of the distributor chamber (2).
  6. Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that a perforated-sheet plate (13), the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the supply socket (3), is arranged in the distributor chamber (2) at a distance parallel to the outlet cross-section of the supply socket (3).
  7. Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the outside diameter D of the circular chamber (14) is between 1 and 2 m, and the distributor chamber (2) and the circular chamber (14) have an overall height H of between 1 and 1.5 m.
  8. Device according to claim 7, characterised in that the inside diameter d of the inner tube (5) is between 0̸.1 and 0̸.4 times the outside diameter D of the circular chamber (14).
  9. Device according to claim 7 or 8, characterised in that the height h of the cylindrical section of the circular chamber (14) is between 0̸.1 and 0̸.5, preferably between 0̸.15 and 0̸.25, times the outside diameter D of the circular chamber (14).
  10. Device according to claims 7 to 9, characterised in that the circular bottom (17) of the circular chamber (14) has a diameter D₁ which is between 0̸.5 and 0̸.8, preferably between 0̸.6 and 0̸.7, times the outside diameter D of the circular chamber (14).
  11. Device according to claims 7 to 10̸, characterised in that the width s, by which the base surface of the distributor chamber (2) extends radially over the circular chamber (14), is between 0̸.0̸1 and 0̸.0̸5, preferably between 0̸.0̸2 and 0̸.0̸4, times the outside diameter D of the circular chamber (14).
  12. Device according to claims 7 to 10̸, characterised in that the truncated casing element (16) of the circular chamber (14) has a slant angle to the horizontal of between 20̸ and 60̸°, preferably between 40̸ and 50̸°.
EP90118110A 1989-10-26 1990-09-20 Device for producing a displacement flow deficient in turbulence Expired - Lifetime EP0424671B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90118110T ATE85417T1 (en) 1989-10-26 1990-09-20 DEVICE FOR GENERATION OF A LOW-TURBULENCE DISPLACEMENT FLOW.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3935620 1989-10-26
DE3935620A DE3935620C2 (en) 1989-10-26 1989-10-26 Device for introducing a low-turbulence displacement flow

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EP0424671A2 EP0424671A2 (en) 1991-05-02
EP0424671A3 EP0424671A3 (en) 1991-09-04
EP0424671B1 true EP0424671B1 (en) 1993-02-03

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US (1) US5069114A (en)
EP (1) EP0424671B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE85417T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3935620C2 (en)
ES (1) ES2038473T3 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2038473T3 (en) 1993-07-16
DE3935620A1 (en) 1991-05-02
EP0424671A3 (en) 1991-09-04
DE3935620C2 (en) 1995-04-20
US5069114A (en) 1991-12-03
DE59000840D1 (en) 1993-03-18
ATE85417T1 (en) 1993-02-15
EP0424671A2 (en) 1991-05-02

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