EP0424419A1 - Honing device and process - Google Patents

Honing device and process

Info

Publication number
EP0424419A1
EP0424419A1 EP19890907643 EP89907643A EP0424419A1 EP 0424419 A1 EP0424419 A1 EP 0424419A1 EP 19890907643 EP19890907643 EP 19890907643 EP 89907643 A EP89907643 A EP 89907643A EP 0424419 A1 EP0424419 A1 EP 0424419A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shaft
abrasive element
rotation
axis
counterweight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19890907643
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Charles Pierre Hallez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Diamant Boart NV SA
Original Assignee
Diamant Boart NV SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Diamant Boart NV SA filed Critical Diamant Boart NV SA
Publication of EP0424419A1 publication Critical patent/EP0424419A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B33/00—Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor
    • B24B33/10—Accessories
    • B24B33/105—Honing spindles; Devices for expanding the honing elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for carrying out the finishing of parts by means of an abrasive element mounted on a shaft so as to be able to move in a radial direction relative to the axis of the shaft.
  • Honing is a finishing operation by removing material from a bored surface in order to make corrections to geometric defects, straightness and circularity and obtain an ongoing surface finish and precise dimensions with a determined tolerance of around a few tens of microns on the desired dimension.
  • the honing tool is provided with an abrasive element maintained in permanent contact with the bored surface of the part, for example the cylinder of a hydraulic pump, a die punch guide or the cylinder of an internal combustion engine.
  • the honing operation consists in removing by abrad ion a thickness of a few microns to a few tens of microns. of material on a bored surface.
  • Honing machines which use the displacement of a rod having an inclined plane on which an inclined plane of an abrasive element bears. At one of its ends, the rod is integral with the piston of a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder. The action of the piston of the jack produces the axial displacement of the rod and the inclined bearing plane causes the radial displacement of the abrasive element.
  • Certain known improved machines use a fully automated cycle which makes it possible to adjust the pressure of the abrasive element on the surface to be machined as a function of a parameter of the machine, for example the speed of rotation of the shaft and therefore of the abrasive element.
  • these known machines make it possible to adjust the pressure of the abrasive element on the surface to be machined as a function of the duration of the honing operation, so as to apply a pressure of 20 to 100 daN on the abrasive element. cm 2 at the start of the honing operation and then a pressure below 10 daN / cm 2 at the end of the operation.
  • All known machines, whether automatic or manual have in common the fact that they are specially intended for honing operations and that they can only be used for this purpose.
  • the invention relates to an honing device which can be combined and controlled by a conventional machine tool.
  • the present invention also relates to an honing device capable of regulating the pressure of the abrasive element on the surface to be machined, as a function of the excess thickness of material to be removed on the surface to be machined, according to a predetermined law whose parameters can be chosen before the honing operation.
  • the device applies at the start of the honing operation, a pressure that is greater the greater the difference between the diameter of the blank and the desired diameter, and it gradually decreases this pressure while keeping, during of the operation, a constant speed of rotation of the shaft.
  • the pressure of the abrasive element on the surface to be machined decreases as the excess thickness of material to be removed decreases, until reaching a predetermined final value identical for all the parts machined using the device according to the invention, regardless of the initial diameter of the blank. This provides a particularly neat surface finish and perfect reproducibility.
  • the honing device which comprises a shaft carrying an abrasive element mounted so as to be able to move at least in a radial direction relative to the axis of rotation of the shaft, is characterized by at least one counterweight mounted on an articulated frame connected to said abrasive element and driven in rotation by said shaft, so that the centrifugal force to which the counterweight is subjected when the shaft rotates tends to move the counterweight at least in a radial direction relative to the axis of the tree, the displacement of the counterweight modifying the radial displacement of the abrasive element.
  • weights are each mounted on an articulated rod and are driven in rotation by said shaft, the common center of gravity of all the weights being permanently located along the longitudinal axis of the tree.
  • each counterweight is mounted on a rod articulated on a slide mounted to be able to move along the axis of the shaft.
  • the present invention also relates to a honing process using a device according to the invention, this process being characterized in that the device is adjusted before starting the actual honing operation, by removing the weights from the shaft of the device so as to move the piston towards the abrasive element and cause the radial displacement of the latter against the reamed wall of a model part and then adjusting the electrical contact screw so that it comes into contact with a stop, the position of the screw thus corresponding to the desired diameter for the bore.
  • FIG. 1 is a top view with partial section of a first embodiment of the device according to the invention having an abrasive element in the rest position;
  • Figure 2 is an elevational view in partial section of the device of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is an end view of the abrasive element in the rest position;
  • Figures 4 and 5 are views similar to those of Figures 1 and 2, but showing the abrasive element in the working position;
  • Figure 6 is an end view of the abrasive element in the working position;
  • Figure 7 shows in section the shaft of the device according to the invention used for honing a part;
  • FIG. 8 is a dynamic diagram of the device according to the invention, and FIG.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates the curve along which the radial force exerted by a knife on the surface to be machined varies as a function of the increase in the diameter of the bore.
  • the same reference signs designate identical or analogous elements.
  • Figures 1 to 7 show various views of a device according to the invention, generally designated by the reference sign 1 and intended to machine bored parts (not shown).
  • This device comprises a shaft 2 having a hollow cylindrical part inside which is housed and can slide a slider 9 secured to a push rod 14.
  • This controls the translational movement of a piston 15 provided with an inclined flank 16 which bears on an inclined external surface of a knife 17 provided with an abrasive element 3.
  • the inclination of the inclined flank 16 relative to the longitudinal axis of the piston 15 is defined by the angle ⁇ .
  • Two fixed cylindrical shoes 18 carry abrasive guide elements 3 '.
  • the slider 9 is provided with at least one radial projection 19 passing through a buttonhole 20 which has the shaft 2.
  • the shaft 2 is rotated about its longitudinal axis AA 'by means of a spindle 10 intended to be fixed in the horizontal or vertical mandrel of a convertible machine tool (for example a parallel lathe, a milling machine , a boring machine, a drilling machine) depending on whether you want to perform a horizontal or vertical honing operation.
  • a convertible machine tool for example a parallel lathe, a milling machine , a boring machine, a drilling machine
  • the displacement of the slider 9 along the longitudinal axis AA ′ causes the longitudinal translation of the piston 15 and the radial displacement of the abrasive element 3 due to the inclination of the sidewall 16.
  • the displacement of the slider 9, which takes place at the against the action of an elastic means such as the helical spring 13, is controlled by an articulated regulator system 5 forming a Watt regulator, which is controlled by one or more weights 4.
  • the embodiment illustrated comprises two weights visible in Figures 2 and 4.
  • Each flyweight 4 is mounted on a toggle consisting of two rods 6 and 8 hinged together around the axis of the flyweight.
  • the weights 4 are mounted so that their common center of gravity G is located permanently along the longitudinal axis AA '.
  • Each rod 6 is articulated around a pivot 7 secured to the shaft 2 and each rod 8 is articulated around a pivot 7 'secured to the slide 9.
  • the rods 6 and 8 thus form an articulated frame for supporting the flyweights 4.
  • the shaft 2 drives the flyweights 4 and the centrifugal force Fc which results from the rotational movement of the flyweights 4 tends to move each flyweight 4 away from the 'axis AA', that is to say to move the counterweight in a direction of which at least one component is radial relative to the axis AA 'of the shaft 2.
  • the centrifugal force draws the weights 4 away from the axis AA 'so as to open the angle ⁇ made by the or each rod 6 with the axis of rotation AA' (figure 5).
  • the rods 8 cause the slide 9 to move along the axis of rotation AA ′.
  • the movement of the slide 9 controls the radial movement of the abrasive element 3 via the piston 15 as described above.
  • the weights 4 are thus linked to the abrasive element 3 via an articulated frame and the deformation of the latter results from the effect of the centrifugal force exerted on the weights 4.
  • the deformation of the articulated frame is limited by an adjusting screw 11 which, by electrical contact with a stop 12, triggers a light and / or sound signal.
  • Figure 8 shows schematically the articulated frame connecting the flyweights 4 to the abrasive element
  • the articulated frame is denoted ABCDEF.
  • the centrifugal force Fc mistletoe under the effect of rotation of the device 1, spreads each of the weights
  • L is the length of the rod 6
  • ⁇ is the angle that the rod makes with the axis of rotation
  • ⁇ is the angular velocity.
  • the centrifugal force F c Via the articulated frame ABCDEF, the centrifugal force F c generates in the rod 8 a force which has a component F v along the axis AA '.
  • the component F v exerts a thrust on the slide 9 which therefore moves along the axis of rotation AA ′ of the shaft 2. This thrust is linked to the centrifugal force by the following relationship:
  • the force F v develops against the spring 13 whose return force F r is equal to the sum of a predetermined prestress force and a component due to the elongation.
  • the choice of parameters and dimensions of the constituent elements of the articulated system 5 depend on the dimensions and the composition of the abrasive elements and the composition of the workpieces and the dimensions thereof. These parameters determine the shape of the aforementioned two asymptote curve. Make sure you are in the hatched area ZP in Figure 9.
  • the device applies at the start of the honing operation, a pressure that is greater the greater the difference between the diameter of the blank and the desired diameter, and it gradually decreases this pressure while keeping, during of the operation, a constant speed of rotation of the shaft.
  • the pressure of the abrasive element on the surface to be machined decreases as the excess thickness of material to be removed decreases, until reaching a predetermined final value identical for all the parts machined using the device according to the invention, regardless of the initial diameter of the blank. This provides a particularly neat surface finish and perfect reproducibility.
  • the adjustment of the honing device before starting the actual honing operation, consists in moving the weights 4 away from the shaft of the device so as to push the piston 15 towards the abrasive elements 3 and cause the radial displacement of that -this against the bored wall of a model part.
  • the position of the electrical contact screw 11 is then adjusted until it comes into contact with the stop 12, the position of the screw 11 thus corresponding to the desired diameter.
  • the regulator 5 By reducing the weight of the weights 4, the regulator 5 is made usable at high speeds and the contact pressure of the abrasive element is reduced at lower rotational speeds of the honing tool.
  • the spring 13 is used to return the weights 4 to their initial positions when the machine stops which drives the honing device.
  • the honing device according to the invention constitutes a removable device making it possible to transform a conventional machine tool into a honing machine capable of the same performance of precision and reproducibility as a machine intended exclusively for honing operations.
  • the invention also relates to a method for adjusting the honing device described in the foregoing before starting the actual honing operation.
  • the counterweights 4 are pressed to move them away from the shaft of the device so as to push the piston 15 towards the abrasive element 3 and cause the radial displacement of the latter against the honed wall. of a model part.
  • the position of the electrical contact screw 11 is then adjusted to correspond to the desired diameter.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention est relative à un dispositif de honage pouvant être monté sur une machine-outil classique (par exemple tour parallèle, fraiseuse, aléseuse). Ce dispositif (1) comprend un arbre (2) tournant autour d'un axe (AA'), cet arbre portant un élément abrasif (3) monté pour pouvoir se déplacer au moins dans une direction radiale par rapport à l'axe de rotation (AA') de l'arbre (2). Au moins une masselotte (4) montée sur un cadre articulé (ABCDEF) relié audit élément abrasif (3) et entraîné en rotation par ledit arbre (2), est soumise à une force centrifuge lors de la rotation de l'arbre (2). La force centrifuge tend à déplacer la masselotte (4) au moins dans une direction radiale par rapport à l'axe (AA') de l'arbre (2), le déplacement de la masselotte (4) modifiant le déplacement radial de l'élément abrasif (3). Un réglage préalable du dispositif de honage s'effectue à l'aide d'une pièce modèle. On fait coulisser le coulisseau (9) et la bielle-poussoir (14) de manière que le piston (15) provoque le déplacement radial de l'élément abrasif (3) jusqu'à ce que celui-ci prenne appui contre la paroi de la pièce modèle.The invention relates to a honing device which can be mounted on a conventional machine tool (for example parallel lathe, milling machine, boring machine). This device (1) comprises a shaft (2) rotating around an axis (AA '), this shaft carrying an abrasive element (3) mounted so as to be able to move at least in a radial direction relative to the axis of rotation (AA ') of the tree (2). At least one counterweight (4) mounted on an articulated frame (ABCDEF) connected to said abrasive element (3) and driven in rotation by said shaft (2), is subjected to a centrifugal force during the rotation of the shaft (2) . The centrifugal force tends to move the counterweight (4) at least in a radial direction relative to the axis (AA ') of the shaft (2), the displacement of the counterweight (4) modifying the radial displacement of the abrasive element (3). A prior adjustment of the honing device is carried out using a model part. The slide (9) and the push rod (14) are made to slide so that the piston (15) causes the abrasive element (3) to move radially until it bears against the wall of the model piece.

Description

DISPOSITIF ET PROCEDE DE HONAGE  HONAGE DEVICE AND METHOD
La présente invention est relative à un dispositif pour réaliser le finissage de pièces au moyen d'un élément abrasif monté sur un arbre de manière à pouvoir se déplacer suivant une direction radiale par rapport à l'axe de l'arbre. The present invention relates to a device for carrying out the finishing of parts by means of an abrasive element mounted on a shaft so as to be able to move in a radial direction relative to the axis of the shaft.
Le honage est une opération de finissage par enlèvement de matière sur une surface alésée afin d'effectuer des corrections de défauts géométriques, de rectitude et de circularité et obtenir un fini de surface impeccable et des dimensions précises avec une tolérance déterminée de l'ordre de quelques dizaines de microns sur la cote souhaitée. L'outil de honage est muni d'un élément abrasif maintenu en contact permanent avec la surface alésée de la pièce, par exemple le cylindre d'une pompe hydraulique, un guide-poinçon de matrice ou le cylindre d'un moteur à explosion. L'opération de honage consiste à enlever par abras ion une épaisseur de quelques microns à quelques dizaines microns. de matière sur une surface alésée. Les pressions de contact de l'élément abrasif et les vitesses de rotation mises en oeuvre doivent être suffisamment faibles pour éviter toute élévation de température d'une portion de surface usinée. On connaît des machines de honage mettant en oeuvre le déplacement d'une tige présentant un plan incliné sur lequel prend appui un plan incliné d'un élément abrasif. A une de ses extrémités, la tige est solidaire du piston d'un vérin hydraulique ou pneumatique. L'action du piston du vérin produit le déplacement axial de la tige et le plan d'appui incliné provoque le déplacement radial de l'élément abrasif. Honing is a finishing operation by removing material from a bored surface in order to make corrections to geometric defects, straightness and circularity and obtain an impeccable surface finish and precise dimensions with a determined tolerance of around a few tens of microns on the desired dimension. The honing tool is provided with an abrasive element maintained in permanent contact with the bored surface of the part, for example the cylinder of a hydraulic pump, a die punch guide or the cylinder of an internal combustion engine. The honing operation consists in removing by abrad ion a thickness of a few microns to a few tens of microns. of material on a bored surface. The contact pressures of the abrasive element and the rotational speeds used must be low enough to avoid any rise in temperature of a portion of the machined surface. Honing machines are known which use the displacement of a rod having an inclined plane on which an inclined plane of an abrasive element bears. At one of its ends, the rod is integral with the piston of a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder. The action of the piston of the jack produces the axial displacement of the rod and the inclined bearing plane causes the radial displacement of the abrasive element.
Certaines machines connues perfectionnées mettent en oeuvre un cycle entièrement automatisé qui permet de régler la pression de l'élément abrasif sur la surface à usiner en fonction d'un paramètre de la machine, par exemple la vitesse de rotation de l'arbre et donc de l'élément abrasif. De plus, ces machines connues permettent de régler la pression de l'élément abrasif sur la surface à usiner en fonction de la durée de l'opération de honage, de manière à appliquer sur l'élément abrasif une pression de 20 à 100 daN/cm2 au début de l'opération de honage et ensuite une pression inférieure à 10 daN/cm2 en fin d' opération. Toutes les machines connues, qu'elles soient automatiques ou manuelles, ont en commun le fait qu'elles sont spécialement destinées aux opérations de honage et qu'elles ne peuvent être utilisées qu'à cet effet. Certain known improved machines use a fully automated cycle which makes it possible to adjust the pressure of the abrasive element on the surface to be machined as a function of a parameter of the machine, for example the speed of rotation of the shaft and therefore of the abrasive element. In addition, these known machines make it possible to adjust the pressure of the abrasive element on the surface to be machined as a function of the duration of the honing operation, so as to apply a pressure of 20 to 100 daN on the abrasive element. cm 2 at the start of the honing operation and then a pressure below 10 daN / cm 2 at the end of the operation. All known machines, whether automatic or manual, have in common the fact that they are specially intended for honing operations and that they can only be used for this purpose.
L'invention a pour objet un dispositif de honage qui peut être combiné et commandé par une machineoutil conventionnelle. La présente invention a également pour objet un dispositif de honage capable de régler la pression de l'élément abrasif sur la surface à usiner, en fonction de la surépaisseur de matière à enlever sur la surface à usiner, selon une loi prédéterminée dont les paramètres peuvent être choisis avant l'opération de honage. The invention relates to an honing device which can be combined and controlled by a conventional machine tool. The present invention also relates to an honing device capable of regulating the pressure of the abrasive element on the surface to be machined, as a function of the excess thickness of material to be removed on the surface to be machined, according to a predetermined law whose parameters can be chosen before the honing operation.
Ainsi, le dispositif applique au début de l'opération de honage, une pression d'autant plus importante que l'écart entre le diamètre de la pièce brute et le diamètre souhaité est grand et il diminue progressivement cette pression tout en gardant, au cours de l'opération, une vitesse de rotation constante de l'arbre. La pression de l'élément abrasif sur la surface à usiner diminue au fur et à mesure que diminue la surépaisseur de matière à enlever, jusqu'à atteindre une valeur finale prédéterminée identique pour toutes les pièces usinées à l'aide du dispositif selon l'invention, quel que soit le diamètre initial de la pièce brute. Ceci permet d'obtenir un fini de surface particulièrement soigné et une parfaite reproductibilité. Le dispositif de honage selon l'invention, qui comprend un arbre portant un élément abrasif monté pour pouvoir se déplacer au moins dans une direction radiale par rapport à l'axe de rotation de l'arbre, se caractérise par au moins une masselotte montée sur un cadre articulé relié audit élément abrasif et entraîné en rotation par ledit arbre, de manière que la force centrifuge à laquelle est soumise la masselotte lors de la rotation de l'arbre tende à déplacer la masselotte au moins dans une direction radiale par rapport à l'axe de l'arbre, le déplacement de la masselotte modifiant le déplacement radial de l'élément abrasif. Thus, the device applies at the start of the honing operation, a pressure that is greater the greater the difference between the diameter of the blank and the desired diameter, and it gradually decreases this pressure while keeping, during of the operation, a constant speed of rotation of the shaft. The pressure of the abrasive element on the surface to be machined decreases as the excess thickness of material to be removed decreases, until reaching a predetermined final value identical for all the parts machined using the device according to the invention, regardless of the initial diameter of the blank. This provides a particularly neat surface finish and perfect reproducibility. The honing device according to the invention, which comprises a shaft carrying an abrasive element mounted so as to be able to move at least in a radial direction relative to the axis of rotation of the shaft, is characterized by at least one counterweight mounted on an articulated frame connected to said abrasive element and driven in rotation by said shaft, so that the centrifugal force to which the counterweight is subjected when the shaft rotates tends to move the counterweight at least in a radial direction relative to the axis of the tree, the displacement of the counterweight modifying the radial displacement of the abrasive element.
Dans une forme de réalisation particulière du dispositif suivant l'invention, plusieurs masselottes sont montées chacune sur une tige articulée et sont entraînées en rotation par ledit arbre, le centre de gravité commun de l'ensemble des masselottes étant situé en permanence le long de l'axe longitudinal de l'arbre. In a particular embodiment of the device according to the invention, several weights are each mounted on an articulated rod and are driven in rotation by said shaft, the common center of gravity of all the weights being permanently located along the longitudinal axis of the tree.
Suivant un mode d'exécution particulier, chaque masselotte est montée sur une tige articulée sur un coulisseau monté pour pouvoir se déplacer le long de l'axe de l'arbre. According to a particular embodiment, each counterweight is mounted on a rod articulated on a slide mounted to be able to move along the axis of the shaft.
La présente invention a également pour objet un procédé de honage utilisant un dispositif suivant l'invention, ce procédé étant caractérisé en ce qu'on règle le dispositif avant d'entamer l'opération de honage proprement dite, en écartant les masselottes de l'arbre du dispositif de manière à déplacer le piston vers l'élément abrasif et provoguer le déplacement radial de celui-ci contre la paroi alésée d'une pièce modèle et en réglant ensuite la vis de contact électrique pour qu'elle vienne en contact avec une butée, la position de la vis correspondant ainsi au diamètre souhaité pour l'alésage. D'autres particularités et détails du dispositif et du procédé suivant l'invention ressortiront de la description qui suit, dans laquelle il est fait référence aux dessins ci-annexés. Dans ces dessins : la figure 1 est une vue de dessus avec coupe partielle d'une première forme de réalisation du dispositif suivant l'invention présentant un élément abrasif en position de repos; la figure 2 est une vue en élévation avec coupe partielle du dispositif de la figure 1; la figure 3 est une vue en bout de l'élément abrasif en position de repos; les figures 4 et 5 sont des vues similaires à celles des figures 1 et 2, mais présentant l'élément abrasif en position de travail; la figure 6 est une vue en bout de l'élément abrasif, en position de travail; la figure 7 montre en coupe l'arbre du dispositif suivant l'invention utilisé pour le honage d'une pièce; la figure 8 est un schéma dynamique du dispositif selon l'invention, et la figure 9 illustre la courbe suivant laquelle varie l'effort radial exercé par un couteau sur la surface à usiner en fonction de l'accroissement du diamètre de l'alésage. Dans ces différentes figures, les mêmes signes de référence désignent des éléments identiques ou analogues. Les figures 1 à 7 montrent diverses vues d'un dispositif suivant l'invention, désigné dans son ensemble par le signe de référence 1 et destiné à usiner des pièces alésées (non montrées). Ce dispositif comprend un arbre 2 ayant une partie cylindrique creuse à l'intérieur de laquelle est logé et peut coulisser un coulisseau 9 solidaire d'une bielle-poussoir 14. Celle-ci commande le mouvement de translation d'un piston 15 pourvu d'un flanc incliné 16 qui prend appui sur une surface extérieure inclinée d'un couteau 17 garni d'un élément abrasif 3. L'inclinaison du flanc incliné 16 par rapport à l'axe longitudinal du piston 15 est définie par l'angle β. Deux sabots cylindriques fixes 18 portent des éléments abrasifs 3' de guidage. The present invention also relates to a honing process using a device according to the invention, this process being characterized in that the device is adjusted before starting the actual honing operation, by removing the weights from the shaft of the device so as to move the piston towards the abrasive element and cause the radial displacement of the latter against the reamed wall of a model part and then adjusting the electrical contact screw so that it comes into contact with a stop, the position of the screw thus corresponding to the desired diameter for the bore. Other features and details of the device and method according to the invention will emerge from the description which follows, in which reference is made to the attached drawings. In these drawings: FIG. 1 is a top view with partial section of a first embodiment of the device according to the invention having an abrasive element in the rest position; Figure 2 is an elevational view in partial section of the device of Figure 1; Figure 3 is an end view of the abrasive element in the rest position; Figures 4 and 5 are views similar to those of Figures 1 and 2, but showing the abrasive element in the working position; Figure 6 is an end view of the abrasive element in the working position; Figure 7 shows in section the shaft of the device according to the invention used for honing a part; FIG. 8 is a dynamic diagram of the device according to the invention, and FIG. 9 illustrates the curve along which the radial force exerted by a knife on the surface to be machined varies as a function of the increase in the diameter of the bore. In these different figures, the same reference signs designate identical or analogous elements. Figures 1 to 7 show various views of a device according to the invention, generally designated by the reference sign 1 and intended to machine bored parts (not shown). This device comprises a shaft 2 having a hollow cylindrical part inside which is housed and can slide a slider 9 secured to a push rod 14. This controls the translational movement of a piston 15 provided with an inclined flank 16 which bears on an inclined external surface of a knife 17 provided with an abrasive element 3. The inclination of the inclined flank 16 relative to the longitudinal axis of the piston 15 is defined by the angle β. Two fixed cylindrical shoes 18 carry abrasive guide elements 3 '.
Dans un mode d'exécution particulier illustré à la figure 7, le coulisseau 9 est muni d'au moins une saillie radiale 19 traversant une boutonnière 20 que présente l'arbre 2. In a particular embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7, the slider 9 is provided with at least one radial projection 19 passing through a buttonhole 20 which has the shaft 2.
L'arbre 2 est entraîné en rotation autour de son axe longitudinal AA' par l'intermédiaire d'une broche 10 destinée à être fixée dans le mandrin horizontal ou vertical d'une machine-outil convertible (par exemple un tour parallèle, une fraiseuse, une aléseuse, une foreuse) selon que l'on veut réaliser une opération de honage horizontal ou vertical. Le déplacement du coulisseau 9 suivant l'axe longitudinal AA' entraîne la translation longitudinale du piston 15 et le déplacement radial de l'élément abrasif 3 en raison de l'inclinaison du flanc 16. Le déplacement du coulisseau 9, qui se fait à l' encontre de l'action d'un moyen élastique tel que le ressort hélicoîdal 13, est commandé par un système régulateur articulé 5 formant un régulateur de Watt, gui est contrôlé par une ou plusieurs masselottes 4. Le mode de réalisation illustré comporte deux masselottes visibles dans les figures 2 et 4. The shaft 2 is rotated about its longitudinal axis AA 'by means of a spindle 10 intended to be fixed in the horizontal or vertical mandrel of a convertible machine tool (for example a parallel lathe, a milling machine , a boring machine, a drilling machine) depending on whether you want to perform a horizontal or vertical honing operation. The displacement of the slider 9 along the longitudinal axis AA ′ causes the longitudinal translation of the piston 15 and the radial displacement of the abrasive element 3 due to the inclination of the sidewall 16. The displacement of the slider 9, which takes place at the against the action of an elastic means such as the helical spring 13, is controlled by an articulated regulator system 5 forming a Watt regulator, which is controlled by one or more weights 4. The embodiment illustrated comprises two weights visible in Figures 2 and 4.
Chaque masselotte 4 est montée sur une genouillère constituée de deux tiges 6 et 8 articulées entre elles autour de l'axe de la masselotte. Les masselottes 4 sont montées de manière que leur centre de gravité G commun soit situé en permanence le long de l'axe longitudinal AA'. Each flyweight 4 is mounted on a toggle consisting of two rods 6 and 8 hinged together around the axis of the flyweight. The weights 4 are mounted so that their common center of gravity G is located permanently along the longitudinal axis AA '.
Chaque tige 6 est articulée autour d'un pivot 7 solidaire de l'arbre 2 et chaque tige 8 est articulée autour d'un pivot 7' solidaire du coulisseau 9. Les tiges 6 et 8 forment ainsi un cadre articulé pour le support des masselottes 4. Each rod 6 is articulated around a pivot 7 secured to the shaft 2 and each rod 8 is articulated around a pivot 7 'secured to the slide 9. The rods 6 and 8 thus form an articulated frame for supporting the flyweights 4.
Lorsque la broche 10 entraîne l'arbre 2 en rotation autour de l'axe longitudinal AA', l'arbre 2 entraîne les masselottes 4 et la force centrifuge Fc qui résulte du mouvement de rotation des masselottes 4 tend à éloigner chaque masselotte 4 de l'axe AA', c'est-à-dire à déplacer la masselotte dans une direction dont au moins une composante est radiale par rapport à l'axe AA' de l'arbre 2. Si la vitesse de rotation est assez grande, par exemple une vitesse de rotation de l'ordre de 400 à 2500 tours par minute, la force centrifuge écarte les masselottes 4 de l'axe AA' de manière à ouvrir l'angle α que fait la ou chaque tige 6 avec l ' axe de rotation AA' (figure 5). When the spindle 10 drives the shaft 2 in rotation about the longitudinal axis AA ′, the shaft 2 drives the flyweights 4 and the centrifugal force Fc which results from the rotational movement of the flyweights 4 tends to move each flyweight 4 away from the 'axis AA', that is to say to move the counterweight in a direction of which at least one component is radial relative to the axis AA 'of the shaft 2. If the speed of rotation is high enough, example a speed of rotation of the order of 400 to 2500 revolutions per minute, the centrifugal force draws the weights 4 away from the axis AA 'so as to open the angle α made by the or each rod 6 with the axis of rotation AA' (figure 5).
Les tiges 8 entraînent le déplacement du coulisseau 9 le long de l'axe de rotation AA'. Le déplacement du coulisseau 9 commande le déplacement radial de l'élément abrasif 3 par l'intermédiaire du piston 15 comme décrit plus haut. Les masselottes 4 sont ainsi liées à l'élément abrasif 3 par l'intermédiaire d'un cadre articulé et la déformation de celui-ci résulte de l'effet de la force centrifuge exercée sur les masselottes 4. La déformation du cadre articulé est limitée par une vis de réglage 11 qui, par contact électrique avec une butée 12, enclenche un signal lumineux et/ou sonore. La figure 8 représente schématiguement le cadre articulé liant les masselottes 4 à l'élément abrasifThe rods 8 cause the slide 9 to move along the axis of rotation AA ′. The movement of the slide 9 controls the radial movement of the abrasive element 3 via the piston 15 as described above. The weights 4 are thus linked to the abrasive element 3 via an articulated frame and the deformation of the latter results from the effect of the centrifugal force exerted on the weights 4. The deformation of the articulated frame is limited by an adjusting screw 11 which, by electrical contact with a stop 12, triggers a light and / or sound signal. Figure 8 shows schematically the articulated frame connecting the flyweights 4 to the abrasive element
3 dans le dispositif de la figure 1. Le cadre articulé est noté ABCDEF. La force centrifuge Fc gui, sous l'effet de rotation du dispositif 1, écarte chacune des masselottes3 in the device of FIG. 1. The articulated frame is denoted ABCDEF. The centrifugal force Fc mistletoe, under the effect of rotation of the device 1, spreads each of the weights
4 de l'axe de rotation AA', s'exprime par la relation : Fc = m(R+r)ω2 4 of the axis of rotation AA ', is expressed by the relation: F c = m (R + r) ω 2
Fc = mRω2 + mLsinα.ω2 (I) où m est la masse de chacune des masselottes, F c = mRω 2 + mLsinα.ω 2 (I) where m is the mass of each of the weights,
L est la longueur de la tige 6, α est l'angle que fait la tige avec l'axe de rotationL is the length of the rod 6, α is the angle that the rod makes with the axis of rotation
AA', AA ',
ω est la vitesse angulaire. Par l'intermédiaire du cadre articulé ABCDEF, la force centrifuge Fc génère dans la tige 8 un effort qui a une composante Fv suivant l'axe AA'. La composante Fv exerce une poussée sur le coulisseau 9 qui se déplace dès lors le long de l'axe de rotation AA' de l'arbre 2. Cette poussée est liée à la force centrifuge par la relation suivante : ω is the angular velocity. Via the articulated frame ABCDEF, the centrifugal force F c generates in the rod 8 a force which has a component F v along the axis AA '. The component F v exerts a thrust on the slide 9 which therefore moves along the axis of rotation AA ′ of the shaft 2. This thrust is linked to the centrifugal force by the following relationship:
L'effort Fv se développe à l' encontre du ressort 13 dont la force de rappel Fr est égale à la somme d'une force de précontrainte prédéterminée et d'une composante due à l' élongation. The force F v develops against the spring 13 whose return force F r is equal to the sum of a predetermined prestress force and a component due to the elongation.
Fr = Fp + 2L (1-cosα) K F r = F p + 2L (1-cosα) K
La force avec laquelle l'outil de honage est appliqué sur la surface à usiner est donnée par la relation : FThe force with which the honing tool is applied to the surface to be machined is given by the relation: F
β β
dans laquelle β' = β + angle de frottement. Pendant l'opération de honage, l'accroissement du diamètre de l'alésage est lié à l'angle α par la relation suivante : D∅ = 4 x L x tgβ ( 1-cosα ) ( II) in which β '= β + friction angle. During the honing operation, the increase in the diameter of the bore is related to the angle α by the following relationship: D∅ = 4 x L x tgβ (1-cosα) (II)
De la relation (II), on peut déduire les valeurs de cosα et de tgα. From relation (II), we can deduce the values of cosα and tgα.
Des équations (I) et (II), on peut déduire que Fh est une fonction de D∅. τ Cette dernière relation indique qu'on peut représenter la variation de l'effort radial Fh sur les éléments abrasifs en fonction du diamètre de l'alésage par une courbe correspondant sensiblement à une portion de courbe à deux asymptotes telle que montrée à la figure 9. From equations (I) and (II), we can deduce that F h is a function of D∅. τ This last relation indicates that the variation of the radial force F h on the abrasive elements can be represented as a function of the diameter of the bore by a curve corresponding substantially to a portion of curve with two asymptotes as shown in FIG. 9. .
Le choix des paramètres et dimensions des éléments constitutifs du système articulé 5 (tels que la longueur des tiges articulées 6 et 8, la disposition et le poids des masselottes 4, l'inclinaison du flanc oblique 16 du piston 15) dépendent des dimensions et de la composition des éléments abrasifs et de la composition des pièces à usiner et des dimensions de celles-ci. Ces paramètres déterminent l'allure de la courbe à deux asymptotes précitée. On veillera à se trouver dans la zone hâchurée ZP de la figure 9. The choice of parameters and dimensions of the constituent elements of the articulated system 5 (such as the length of the articulated rods 6 and 8, the arrangement and the weight of the weights 4, the inclination of the oblique side 16 of the piston 15) depend on the dimensions and the composition of the abrasive elements and the composition of the workpieces and the dimensions thereof. These parameters determine the shape of the aforementioned two asymptote curve. Make sure you are in the hatched area ZP in Figure 9.
Ainsi, le dispositif applique au début de l'opération de honage, une pression d'autant plus importante que l'écart entre le diamètre de la pièce brute et le diamètre souhaité est grand et il diminue progressivement cette pression tout en gardant, au cours de l'opération, une vitesse de rotation constante de l'arbre. La pression de l'élément abrasif sur la surface à usiner diminue au fur et à mesure que diminue la surépaisseur de matière à enlever, jusqu'à atteindre une valeur finale prédéterminée identique pour toutes les pièces usinées à l'aide du dispositif selon l'invention, quel que soit le diamètre initial de la pièce brute. Ceci permet d'obtenir un fini de surface particulièrement soigné et une parfaite reproductibilité. Le réglage du dispositif de honage, avant d'entamer l'opération de honage proprement dite, consiste à écarter les masselottes 4 de l'arbre du dispositif de manière à repousser le piston 15 vers les éléments abrasif 3 et provoquer le déplacement radial de celui-ci contre la paroi alésée d'une pièce modèle. On règle ensuite la position de la vis 11 de contact électrique jusqu'à ce qu'elle vienne en contact avec la butée 12, la position de la vis 11 correspondant ainsi au diamètre souhaité. Thus, the device applies at the start of the honing operation, a pressure that is greater the greater the difference between the diameter of the blank and the desired diameter, and it gradually decreases this pressure while keeping, during of the operation, a constant speed of rotation of the shaft. The pressure of the abrasive element on the surface to be machined decreases as the excess thickness of material to be removed decreases, until reaching a predetermined final value identical for all the parts machined using the device according to the invention, regardless of the initial diameter of the blank. This provides a particularly neat surface finish and perfect reproducibility. The adjustment of the honing device, before starting the actual honing operation, consists in moving the weights 4 away from the shaft of the device so as to push the piston 15 towards the abrasive elements 3 and cause the radial displacement of that -this against the bored wall of a model part. The position of the electrical contact screw 11 is then adjusted until it comes into contact with the stop 12, the position of the screw 11 thus corresponding to the desired diameter.
En réduisant le poids des masselottes 4, on rend le régulateur 5 utilisable aux grandes vitesses et on diminue la pression de contact de l'élément abrasif aux vitesses de rotation plus faibles de l'outil de honage. By reducing the weight of the weights 4, the regulator 5 is made usable at high speeds and the contact pressure of the abrasive element is reduced at lower rotational speeds of the honing tool.
Le ressort 13 sert à ramener les masselottes 4 à leurs positions initiales lors de l'arrêt de la machine qui entraîne le dispositif de honage. The spring 13 is used to return the weights 4 to their initial positions when the machine stops which drives the honing device.
Le dispositif de honage suivant l'invention constitue un dispositif amovible permettant de transformer une machine-outil conventionnelle en machine de honage capable des mêmes performances de précision et de reproductibilité qu'une machine destinée exclusivement aux opérations de honage. The honing device according to the invention constitutes a removable device making it possible to transform a conventional machine tool into a honing machine capable of the same performance of precision and reproducibility as a machine intended exclusively for honing operations.
L'invention concerne aussi un procédé pour régler le dispositif de honage décrit dans ce qui précède avant d'entamer l'opération de honage proprement dite. On appuie sur les masselottes 4 pour les écarter de l'arbre du dispositif de manière à repousser le piston 15 vers l'élément abrasif 3 et provoquer le déplacement radial de celui-ci contre la paroi honée d'une pièce modèle. On règle ensuite la position de la vis 11 de contact électrique pour correspondre au diamètre souhaité. The invention also relates to a method for adjusting the honing device described in the foregoing before starting the actual honing operation. The counterweights 4 are pressed to move them away from the shaft of the device so as to push the piston 15 towards the abrasive element 3 and cause the radial displacement of the latter against the honed wall. of a model part. The position of the electrical contact screw 11 is then adjusted to correspond to the desired diameter.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Dispositif de honage pour réaliser le finissage d'une surface alésée d'une pièce, ce dispositif (1) comprenant un arbre (2) tournant autour d'un axe (AA'), cet arbre portant un élément abrasif (3) monté pour pouvoir se déplacer au moins dans une direction radiale par rapport à l'axe de rotation (AA') de l'arbre (2), caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins une masselotte (4) montée sur un cadre articulé (ABCDEF) relié audit élément abrasif (3) et entraîné en rotation par ledit arbre (2), de manière que la force centrifuge à laquelle est soumise la masselotte (4) lors de la rotation de l'arbre (2) tende à déplacer la masselotte (4) au moins dans une direction radiale par rapport à l'axe (AA') de l'arbre (2), le déplacement de la masselotte (4) modifiant le déplacement radial de l'élément abrasif (3). 1. Honing device for finishing a bored surface of a part, this device (1) comprising a shaft (2) rotating around an axis (AA '), this shaft carrying an abrasive element (3) mounted to be able to move at least in a radial direction relative to the axis of rotation (AA ') of the shaft (2), characterized in that it comprises at least one counterweight (4) mounted on an articulated frame (ABCDEF) connected to said abrasive element (3) and driven in rotation by said shaft (2), so that the centrifugal force to which the flyweight (4) is subjected when the shaft (2) rotates tends to move the counterweight (4) at least in a radial direction relative to the axis (AA ') of the shaft (2), the movement of the counterweight (4) modifying the radial movement of the abrasive element (3).
2. Dispositif suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend plusieurs masselottes (4) entraînées en rotation par ledit arbre (2), le centre de gravité (G) commun de l'ensemble desdites masselottes (4) étant situé en permanence le long de l'axe longitudinal (AA') dudit arbre (2). 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises several weights (4) driven in rotation by said shaft (2), the center of gravity (G) common to all of said weights (4) being located in permanence along the longitudinal axis (AA ') of said shaft (2).
3. Dispositif suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que chaque masselotte (4) est montée sur une tige (8) articulée sur un coulisseau (9) monté pour pouvoir se déplacer le long de l'axe (AA') de 1' arbre (2). 3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each counterweight (4) is mounted on a rod (8) articulated on a slide (9) mounted to be able to move along the axis (AA ') of 1 tree (2).
4. Dispositif suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le coulisseau (9) est muni d'au moins une saillie radiale (19) traversant une boutonnière (20) que présente l'arbre (2). 4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the slide (9) is provided with at least one radial projection (19) passing through a buttonhole (20) that has the shaft (2).
5. Dispositif suivant la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une butée (12) destinée à limiter le déplacement du coulisseau (9) et de la ou des masselottes (4). 5. Device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that it comprises a stop (12) intended to limit the movement of the slide (9) and the or weights (4).
6. Dispositif suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'arbre (2) a la forme d'un cylindre dans lequel est logée une bielle-poussoir (14) coulissable le long de l'axe longitudinal (AA') et solidaire du coulisseau (9) de manière que le déplacement du coulisseau (9) et de la bielle (14) entraîne le déplacement radial de l'élément abrasif (3). 6. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaft (2) has the shape of a cylinder in which is housed a push rod (14) slidable along the longitudinal axis (AA ') and integral with the slide (9) so that the movement of the slide (9) and the connecting rod (14) causes the radial movement of the abrasive element (3).
7. Dispositif suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le déplacement de la masselotte se fait à l' encontre de l'action d'un moyen élastique (13). 7. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movement of the counterweight is effected against the action of an elastic means (13).
8. Dispositif suivant la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le moyen élastique est un ressort hélicoîdal (13) prenant appui sur une extrémité du coulisseau (9). 8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the elastic means is a helical spring (13) bearing on one end of the slide (9).
9. Procédé de honage utilisant un dispositif suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'on règle le dispositif avant d'entamer l'opération de honage proprement dite, en écartant les masselottes (4) de l'arbre (2) du dispositif de manière à déplacer le piston (15) vers l'élément abrasif (3) et provoquer le déplacement radial de celui-ci contre la paroi alésée d'une pièce modèle et en réglant ensuite la vis (11) de contact électrique pour qu'elle vienne en contact avec la butée (12), la position de la vis (11) correspondant ainsi au diamètre souhaité pour l'alésage. 9. Honing process using a device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device is adjusted before starting the actual honing operation, by removing the weights (4) from the shaft ( 2) of the device so as to move the piston (15) towards the abrasive element (3) and cause the radial displacement of the latter against the bored wall of a model part and then adjusting the contact screw (11) electric so that it comes into contact with the stop (12), the position of the screw (11) thus corresponding to the desired diameter for the bore.
10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que, pour une vitesse de rotation prédéterminée de l'arbre, la pression de contact de l'élément abrasif (3) sur la surface à usiner varie en fonction de la surépaisseur de matière à enlever. 10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that, for a predetermined speed of rotation of the shaft, the contact pressure of the abrasive element (3) on the surface to be machined varies as a function of the excess thickness of material to be to take off.
11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 et 10, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise un régulateur de Watt pour contrôler la vitesse de rotation de l'arbre (2) portant l'élément abrasif (3). 11. Method according to any one of claims 9 and 10, characterized in that a Watt regulator is used to control the speed of rotation of the shaft (2) carrying the abrasive element (3).
EP19890907643 1988-07-12 1989-07-10 Honing device and process Withdrawn EP0424419A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE8800807 1988-07-12
BE8800807A BE1002301A3 (en) 1988-07-12 1988-07-12 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR HONING.

Publications (1)

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EP0424419A1 true EP0424419A1 (en) 1991-05-02

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EP19890907643 Withdrawn EP0424419A1 (en) 1988-07-12 1989-07-10 Honing device and process

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EP (1) EP0424419A1 (en)
BE (1) BE1002301A3 (en)
WO (1) WO1990000462A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103317429B (en) * 2013-07-11 2015-08-05 山东英才学院 A kind of honing bores processing unit (plant)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1382552A (en) * 1920-06-29 1921-06-21 Scherer Clarence Lapping-tool
US1727844A (en) * 1928-02-23 1929-09-10 Claude A Tompkins Device for grinding cylinders
US2256495A (en) * 1939-02-18 1941-09-23 John A Rioux Lapping tool
US2356223A (en) * 1942-06-12 1944-08-22 Norton Co Honing machine
US2442624A (en) * 1944-07-20 1948-06-01 Nordberg Manufacturing Co Internal grinder and polisher

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Title
See references of WO9000462A1 *

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WO1990000462A1 (en) 1990-01-25

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