EP0419052A1 - Elektrolytische Herstellung von Chlor - Google Patents

Elektrolytische Herstellung von Chlor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0419052A1
EP0419052A1 EP90309226A EP90309226A EP0419052A1 EP 0419052 A1 EP0419052 A1 EP 0419052A1 EP 90309226 A EP90309226 A EP 90309226A EP 90309226 A EP90309226 A EP 90309226A EP 0419052 A1 EP0419052 A1 EP 0419052A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
outlet
sodium
compartment
inlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP90309226A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Clive Robert Fletcher
Craig Gordon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Neil Susan Ann
Original Assignee
Neil Susan Ann
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Neil Susan Ann filed Critical Neil Susan Ann
Publication of EP0419052A1 publication Critical patent/EP0419052A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the generation of chlorine gas, hydrogen gas and a sodium hydroxide solution by electrolysis of a saturated sodium chloride solution in an electrolytic cell.
  • apparatus for carrying out this process comprises an electrolytic cell having an anodic compartment containing an anode and a cathodic compartment containing a cathode, the two being separated by an ion permeable membrane.
  • the anode is comprised of impervious graphite and the cathode is an austenitic stainless steel.
  • the anodic compartment contains a sodium chloride solution which is dissociated into sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl ⁇ ).
  • Electrolysis of this solution causes oxidation of the chloride ions to chlorine gas (Cl2) and a movement of sodium ions through the ion permeable membrane to the cathodic compartment.
  • water dissociates giving hydronium ions (H2O ⁇ ) and hydroxyl ions (OH ⁇ ).
  • the electrolysis results in a reduction of the hydronium ions to hydrogen gas (H2).
  • the sodium ions which pass through the ion permeable membrane combine with the hydroxyl ions to give sodium hydroxide (NaOH), also known as caustic soda.
  • the sodium ions moving across the membrane cause a nett movement of water across the membrane as water of hydration resulting in a nett increase in volume of the catholyte and a nett decrease in volume of the anolyte.
  • the chlorine gas generated may be used for example for the chlorination of water.
  • the sodium hydroxide formed may be utilized to form sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or may be disposed of by some other means.
  • apparatus for the generation of chlorine gas, hydrogen gas and a sodium hydroxide solution or a potassium hydroxide solution by electrolysis of a sodium chloride solution or a potassium chloride solution which comprises: an electrolytic cell having an anodic compartment containing an anode and having an inlet at a low point for the sodium or potassium chloride solution and an outlet at a high point for the depleted sodium or potassium chloride solution, a cathodic compartment containing a cathode and having an inlet at a low point and an outlet at a high point for the sodium or potassium hydroxide solution, and an ion permeable membrane separating the anodic compartment and the cathodic compartment; a first container for the sodium or potassium chloride solution having an outlet connected to the inlet of the anodic compartment and an inlet connected to the outlet of the anodic compartment; a second container for the sodium or potassium hydroxide solution having an outlet connected to the inlet of the cathodic compartment and an inlet connected to the outlet of the cath
  • liquid levels in the first container and the second containers are maintained above the liquid levels in the electrolytic cell.
  • the apparatus includes valves located between the inlet of the anodic compartment and the outlet of the first container and the outlet of the anodic compartment and the inlet of the first container and the inlet of the cathodic compartment and the outlet of the second container and the outlet of the cathodic compartment and the inlet of the second container, so that the electrolytic cell may be isolated from the first and second containers.
  • the first container includes an inlet for sodium or potassium chloride and an outlet for the chlorine gas, and optionally also level indicator for the sodium or potassium chloride solution.
  • the second container preferably includes an outlet for the sodium or potassium hydroxide solution and an outlet for the hydrogen gas.
  • the anode is formed of titanium coated with a noble metal oxide and the cathode is formed of an austenitic stainless steel or formed of titanium.
  • the anode and the cathode may be connected to a conventional power supply.
  • an electrolytic cell for use in the apparatus described above.
  • a container for a sodium or potassium chloride solution for use in the apparatus described above.
  • a container for a saturated sodium or potassium hydroxide solution for use in the apparatus described above.
  • a method of generating chlorine gas, hydrogen gas and a sodium hydroxide solution or a potassium hydroxide solution by electrolysis of a sodium chloride solution or a potassium chloride solution in apparatus comprising an electrolytic cell having an anodic compartment containing an anode and having an inlet at a low point for the sodium or potassium chloride solution and an outlet at a high point for the depleted sodium or potassium chloride solution, a cathodic compartment containing a cathode and having an inlet at a low point and an outlet at a high point for the sodium or potassium hydroxide solution, and an ion permeable membrane separating the anodic compartment and the cathodic compartment, a first container for the sodium or potassium chloride solution having an outlet connected to the inlet of the anodic compartment and an inlet connected to the outlet of the anodic compartment, and a second container for the sodium or potassium hydroxide solution having an outlet connected to the inlet of the cathodic compartment and an inlet
  • apparatus 10 for the generation of chlorine gas, hydrogen gas and a sodium hydroxide solution by electrolysis of a saturated sodium chloride solution consists of an electrolytic cell 12 connected to a first container 14 for the sodium chloride solution and a second container 16 for the sodium hydroxide solution.
  • the electrolytic cell 12 comprises a cathodic compartment 18 and an anodic compartment 20.
  • the cathodic compartment 18 has a top side 22 which slopes upwardly towards an outlet 24 for the sodium hydroxide solution.
  • the top side 22 of the cathodic compartment 18 is formed with a V-formation 26 in the vicinity of the sodium hydroxide outlet 24.
  • the opposite or bottom side 28 of the cathodic compartment 18 includes an inlet 30.
  • the cathodic compartment 18 also includes two flanges 32 to which is bolted a cathode 34. Referring to Figure 3, it can be seen that the cathode 34 includes a series of holes 36 drilled into it to facilitate movement of sodium hydroxide solution therethrough. Two bolts 38 run from the cathode 34 to the outside of the cathodic compartment 18 for electrical connection of the cathode 34 to an external source of power.
  • the anodic compartment 20 includes an outlet 40 for depleted sodium chloride solution and an inlet 42 for the saturated sodium chloride solution.
  • the top side of the anodic compartment 20 in the vicinity of the outlet 42 is V-shaped as illustrated at 44 in Figure 4, to facilitate collection of the chlorine gas.
  • the anodic compartment 20 also includes an anode 46 bolted to the anodic compartment 20 by bolts 48 to facilitate electrical connection of the anode 46 to an external source of power.
  • the anodic compartment 20 and the cathodic compartment 18 are bolted together through external flanges 48 and sandwiched therebetween is an ion permeable membrane 50.
  • the body of the cathodic compartment 18 and the body of the anodic compartment 20 and the flanges 32 and 48 are all preferably comprised of a suitable plastics material such as polyvinylchloride.
  • the cathode 34 preferably comprises an austenitic stainless steel.
  • the bolts 38 preferably comprise a stainless steel.
  • the anode 46 preferably comprise a high grade titanium coated with a noble metal oxide such as platinum or ruthenium.
  • the bolts 48 are preferably comprised of titanium.
  • the ion permeable membrane 50 may be any suitable ion permeable membrane.
  • the first container 14 for the sodium chloride solution includes an outlet 52 for the sodium chloride solution connected via a pipe 54 and a valve 56 to the inlet 42 into the anodic compartment 20.
  • the first container 14 also includes an inlet 58 for the depleted sodium chloride solution which is connected via a pipe 60 and a valve 62 to the outlet 40 from the anodic compartment 20.
  • the first container 14 also includes an inlet 64 for sodium chloride and a level metering stick 60 for metering the level of the sodium chloride solution in the container 14.
  • the container 14 also includes an outlet 68 for the chlorine gas.
  • the second container 16 for the sodium hydroxide solution includes an outlet 70 for the sodium hydroxide solution connected via a pipe 72 and a valve 74 to the inlet 30 into the cathodic compartment 18.
  • the second container 16 also includes an inlet 76 for the sodium hydroxide solution connected via a pipe 78 and a valve 80 to the outlet 24 from the cathodic compartment 18.
  • the second container 16 may also include an outlet 82 for drainage of the sodium hydroxide solution.
  • the containers 14 and 16 may be made of any suitable material.
  • the apparatus 10 may also include a fresh water inlet at a suitable site to flush out any build-up of calcium and magnesium between the anode 46 and the membrane 50.
  • a saturated sodium chloride solution is added to the first container 14 and to the anodic compartment 20.
  • the second container 16 and the cathodic compartment 18 may either be filled with water or preferably, with a dilute sodium hydroxide solution to facilitate start-up.
  • the valves 56, 62, 74 and 80 are all open and the anode 46 and the cathode 34 are connected to the external power source.
  • the sodium chloride solution dissociates into sodium ions and chloride ions. Electrolysis of this solution causes oxidation of the chloride ions to chlorine gas and a movement of sodium ions through the membrane 50 into the cathodic compartment 18.
  • the cathodic compartment 18 water dissociates giving hydronium ions and hydroxyl ions and the electrolysis results in a reduction of the hydronium ions to hydrogen gas.
  • the sodium ions having passed through the membrane 50 combine with the hydroxyl ions to yield sodium hydroxide.
  • the chlorine gas generated in the anodic compartment 20 rises to the top of the compartment 20 and exits through the outlet 40, carrying with it depleted sodium chloride solution.
  • This solution flows through the pipe 60 and the inlet 58 into the first container 14.
  • fresh saturated sodium chloride solution flows out of the outlet 52 of the first container 14 through the pipe 54 and into the inlet 42 into the anodic compartment 20.
  • the rate of chlorine gas generation determines the rate of flow from the anodic compartment 20 to the first container 14 and from the first container 14 back to the anodic compartment 20.
  • the hydrogen gas generated in the cathodic compartment 18 rises to the top of the cathodic compartment 18 and exits the cathodic compartment 18 through the outlet 24, carrying with it sodium hydroxide solution.
  • Solution flows through the pipe 78 into the inlet 76 and then into the second container 16 where it accumulates.
  • sodium hydroxide solution (or initially water) flows out of the outlet 70 in the second container 16 through the pipe 72 and into the inlet 30 into the cathodic compartment 18.
  • the rate of generation of hydrogen gas in the cathodic compartment 18 determines the rate of flow of fluids between the cathodic compartment 18 and the second container 16 and from the second container 16 back to the cathodic compartment 18.
  • the apparatus 10 may include suitable means for venting any excess hydrogen gas.
  • the first and second containers 14, 16 may be connected to the electrolytic cell 12 and the valve 56, 62, 74 and 80 may be reopened so that the process may be recommended.
  • the apparatus 10 may be used with potassium chloride instead of sodium chloride, in which case potassium hydroxide is generated.
  • the apparatus 10 illustrated in Figure 1 may be used as is, i.e. with a single electrolytic cell 12 and single tanks 14, 16.
  • a series of electrolytic cells may be arranged in series to increase the output of chlorine gas from the apparatus.
  • the apparatus may be designed to provide anything between 100 g and 1000 kg of chlorine gas per day.
  • the two main features of the apparatus of the invention are firstly that the electrolytic cell is isolated from the sodium chloride solution storage container and the sodium hydroxide solution storage container which facilitates the disposal of the sodium hydroxide solution and maintenance of the electrolytic cell, and secondly that the circulation of liquids between the electrolytic cell and the two storage containers is caused by the generation of chlorine gas and hydrogen gas in the anodic and cathodic compartments respectively, thus obviating the need for an external pump or pumps.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
EP90309226A 1989-08-22 1990-08-22 Elektrolytische Herstellung von Chlor Withdrawn EP0419052A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8919181 1989-08-22
GB898919181A GB8919181D0 (en) 1989-08-22 1989-08-22 Apparatus for the electrolytic generation of chlorine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0419052A1 true EP0419052A1 (de) 1991-03-27

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90309226A Withdrawn EP0419052A1 (de) 1989-08-22 1990-08-22 Elektrolytische Herstellung von Chlor

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0419052A1 (de)
AU (1) AU6124490A (de)
GB (1) GB8919181D0 (de)
ZA (1) ZA899060B (de)
ZM (1) ZM4689A1 (de)
ZW (1) ZW15989A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999007919A1 (en) * 1997-08-08 1999-02-18 Inchem (Proprietary) Limited Method and apparatus for generating a gas

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4308123A (en) * 1979-11-30 1981-12-29 Hydro-Chlor International, Inc. Apparatus for the small-scale manufacture of chlorine and sodium hydroxide or sodium hypochlorite
EP0046603A1 (de) * 1980-08-27 1982-03-03 Fernand Louis Oscar Joseph Chauvier Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Chlor durch Elektrolyse

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4308123A (en) * 1979-11-30 1981-12-29 Hydro-Chlor International, Inc. Apparatus for the small-scale manufacture of chlorine and sodium hydroxide or sodium hypochlorite
EP0046603A1 (de) * 1980-08-27 1982-03-03 Fernand Louis Oscar Joseph Chauvier Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Chlor durch Elektrolyse

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999007919A1 (en) * 1997-08-08 1999-02-18 Inchem (Proprietary) Limited Method and apparatus for generating a gas

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZM4689A1 (en) 1990-08-31
AU6124490A (en) 1991-02-28
ZA899060B (en) 1990-09-26
GB8919181D0 (en) 1989-10-04
ZW15989A1 (en) 1990-10-31

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