EP0418630B1 - E-plane corner for a rectangular wave guide - Google Patents

E-plane corner for a rectangular wave guide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0418630B1
EP0418630B1 EP90116912A EP90116912A EP0418630B1 EP 0418630 B1 EP0418630 B1 EP 0418630B1 EP 90116912 A EP90116912 A EP 90116912A EP 90116912 A EP90116912 A EP 90116912A EP 0418630 B1 EP0418630 B1 EP 0418630B1
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Prior art keywords
waveguide
corner
corner piece
rectangular
plane
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EP90116912A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0418630A2 (en
EP0418630A3 (en
Inventor
Eberhard Dr. Ing. Schuegraf
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/02—Bends; Corners; Twists
    • H01P1/022—Bends; Corners; Twists in waveguides of polygonal cross-section
    • H01P1/025—Bends; Corners; Twists in waveguides of polygonal cross-section in the E-plane

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a broadband rectangular waveguide E-angle piece, which is bent over the broad waveguide sides of the rectangular waveguide and has a corner projection on the outer corner directed into the interior of the waveguide and extending over the entire outer broad side.
  • E-angle piece Another embodiment of an E-angle piece is known from European patent application 0 284 911.
  • This angle piece has a 90 ° corner protrusion on the outside corner over the entire broad side of the rectangular waveguide.
  • this known rectangular compensation stage in the outer corner of the E-contra-angle has reflections that are too high for many applications.
  • E-angle piece is known from the document EP-A-0319629, the corner projection consisting of steps.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a rectangular waveguide E-elbow, which is very low reflection over an entire waveguide band and can be milled from one piece with numerical control (NC).
  • NC numerical control
  • the corner projection has the profile of an angle inserted in the outer corner, the angle of which corresponds to the angle of the E-angle and the two legs have the same lengths and strengths.
  • the leg length of the compensation angle determines the total frequency response of a reflection over an entire waveguide band (reflection increasing or decreasing with frequency), while the leg thickness mainly allows the reflection level in the entire waveguide band to be influenced.
  • Fig. 1 shows an oblique view of an embodiment of a broadband rectangular waveguide E-elbow according to the invention.
  • This angle piece is bent at right angles over the broad waveguide sides, which have a dimension a.
  • a corner projection 4 which extends into the interior of the waveguide and extends over the entire broad side.
  • the corner projection 4 has the profile of a 90 ° angle inserted into the outer corner 1, the two legs 2 and 3 of which have the same lengths l K and the same Have strengths h K.
  • the E-contra-angle shown in Fig. 1 can be milled in one piece (with a milling cutter).
  • the leg length l K determines the total frequency response of the reflection over an entire waveguide band, while the leg thickness h K primarily affects the reflection level in the entire waveguide band.
  • a further reduction in the reflection is possible in sub-bands with slightly modified compensation sizes of the leg dimensions l K and h K.
  • the dimensions b and a are the narrow side and broad side dimensions of the exactly rectangular original waveguide, as is given, for example, as a connecting waveguide for the E-angle piece according to the invention.
  • This relatively large corner radius r noticeably increases the cut-off frequency f KH10 and thus also the wave resistance of the rectangular waveguide.
  • the E-contra-angle handpiece according to the invention takes place as an integral part of polarization switches in which a certain relative position of the rectangular waveguide access is required, e.g. for the polarizing switch according to European patent application 0 284 911, a wide field of application.
  • a millable, broad-band, low-reflection E-contra-angle handpiece is required for the specified double-shell polarizing switch.
  • the type of compensation according to the invention by inserting an angle profile into the outer corner of the E-angle piece is not limited to a bend angle of 90 °, but can also be used with bend angles that are not 90 °.

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  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Magnetic Heads (AREA)
  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
  • Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
  • Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

Provided on the outer corner (1) of an E-bend is a compensation corner projection (4) which is directed into the interior of the waveguide, runs over the complete width (a) of the waveguide, has the profile of an angle inserted into the outer corner, and by means of which very low reflection is achieved over a complete waveguide band. The bend angle of the angle used, whose two limbs (2, 3) have equal lengths (IK) and equal thicknesses (hK) corresponds to that of the E-plane corner piece. The corner piece constructed according to the invention can be used as an individual part or also, for example, can be used integrated into a broadband polarisation filter. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein breitbandiges Rechteckhohlleiter-E-Winkelstück, das über die Hohlleiterbreitseiten des Rechteckhohlleiters geknickt ist und einen ins Innere des Hohlleiters gerichteten, über die ganze äußere Breitseite verlaufenden Eckvorsprung an der Außenecke aufweist.The invention relates to a broadband rectangular waveguide E-angle piece, which is bent over the broad waveguide sides of the rectangular waveguide and has a corner projection on the outer corner directed into the interior of the waveguide and extending over the entire outer broad side.

Der einfach geknickte Hohlleiter läßt bekanntlich einen starken Anpassungsfehler entstehen, weil der entstehende Sack an der Außenecke eine erhebliche Querimpedanz darstellt. Fast alle bekannten 90°-E-Winkelstücke sind deshalb mit einer 45°-Abschrägung ihrer äußeren Ecke kompensiert. Ein derartiges, symmetrisch an der Außenecke abgeschrägtes Rechteckhohlleiter-E-Winkelstück ist z.B. aus Meinke/Gundlach: "Taschenbuch der Hochfrequenztechnik", 1956, Springer-Verlag, Seiten 298 - 300 bekannt. Abgeschrägte E-Winkel lassen sich jedoch nicht einteilig mit numerischer Steuerung fräsen. Für eine fräsbare Form müssen sie in kostenträchtiger Weise geteilt, in mehreren Teilen gefräst und dann verschraubt werden.As is well known, the simply bent waveguide can cause a strong adjustment error because the resulting sack on the outer corner represents a considerable cross impedance. Almost all known 90 ° E-contra-angles are therefore compensated with a 45 ° bevel on their outer corner. Such a rectangular waveguide E angle piece, symmetrically bevelled on the outer corner, is e.g. from Meinke / Gundlach: "Taschenbuch der Hochfrequenztechnik", 1956, Springer-Verlag, pages 298-300 known. However, beveled E angles cannot be milled in one piece with numerical control. For a millable form, they have to be divided in an expensive manner, milled in several parts and then screwed together.

Aus der europäischen Patentanmeldung 0 284 911 ist eine andere Ausführungsform eines E-Winkelstücks bekannt. Dieses Winkelstück weist an der Außenecke einen ins Innere gerichteten 90° -Eckvorsprung über die ganze Breitseite des Rechteckhohlleiters auf. Diese bekannte rechteckige Kompensationsstufe in der Außenecke des E-Winkelstücks hat mit einem Reflexionsfaktor von ungefähr 7 % in einem Hohlleiterband für viele Anwendungen allerdings zu hohe Reflexionen.Another embodiment of an E-angle piece is known from European patent application 0 284 911. This angle piece has a 90 ° corner protrusion on the outside corner over the entire broad side of the rectangular waveguide. However, with a reflection factor of approximately 7% in a waveguide band, this known rectangular compensation stage in the outer corner of the E-contra-angle has reflections that are too high for many applications.

Weiters ist aus der Druckschrift EP-A-0319629 ein E-Winkelstück bekannt wobei der Eckvorsprung aus Stufen besteht.Furthermore, an E-angle piece is known from the document EP-A-0319629, the corner projection consisting of steps.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Rechteckhohlleiter-E-Winkelstück zu schaffen, das über ein ganzes Hohlleiterband sehr reflexionsarm ist und aus einem Stück mit numerischer Steuerung (NC) gefräst werden kann.The object of the invention is to provide a rectangular waveguide E-elbow, which is very low reflection over an entire waveguide band and can be milled from one piece with numerical control (NC).

Gemäß der Erfindung, die sich auf ein E-Winkelstück der eingangs genannten Art bezieht, wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß der Eckvorsprung das Profil eines in die Außenecke eingesetzten Winkels aufweist, dessen Knickwinkel mit dem Knickwinkel des E-Winkelstücks übereinstimmt und dessen beide Schenkel gleiche Längen und gleiche Stärken haben. Dabei bestimmt die Schenkellänge des eine Kompensation bewirkenden Winkels den Gesamtfrequenzgang der Reflexion über ein ganzes Hohlleiterband (mit der Frequenz ansteigende oder abfallende Reflexion), während die Schenkelstärke überwiegend das Reflexionsniveau im ganzen Hohlleiterband zu beeinflussen gestattet.According to the invention, which relates to an E-angle piece of the type mentioned, this object is achieved in that the corner projection has the profile of an angle inserted in the outer corner, the angle of which corresponds to the angle of the E-angle and the two legs have the same lengths and strengths. The leg length of the compensation angle determines the total frequency response of a reflection over an entire waveguide band (reflection increasing or decreasing with frequency), while the leg thickness mainly allows the reflection level in the entire waveguide band to be influenced.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand von drei Figuren erläutert. Es zeigen

  • Fig. 1 in einer perspektivischen Ansicht als Ausführungsbeispiel ein 90°-Rechteckhohlleiter-E-Winkelstück nach der Erfindung,
  • Fig. 2 die Querschnittsansichten eines rechteckigen Originalhohlleiters und eines adaptierten Hohlleiters mit abgerundeten Längskanten,
  • Fig. 3 in einem Diagramm die Abhängigkeit zwischen dem den Reflexionszustand beschreibenden Welligkeitsfaktor s und den Frequenzen f eines Hohlleiterbandes für ein Winkelstück nach Fig. 1.
The invention is explained below with reference to three figures. Show it
  • 1 is a perspective view as an embodiment of a 90 ° rectangular waveguide E-elbow according to the invention,
  • 2 shows the cross-sectional views of a rectangular original waveguide and an adapted waveguide with rounded longitudinal edges,
  • 3 shows in a diagram the dependence between the ripple factor s describing the state of reflection and the frequencies f of a waveguide band for an angle piece according to FIG. 1.

Fig. 1 zeigt in einer Schrägansicht ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines breitbandigen Rechteckhohlleiter-E-Winkelstücks nach der Erfindung. Dieses Winkelstück ist über die Hohlleiterbreitseiten, die eine Abmessung a aufweisen, rechtwinklig abgeknickt. An der Außenecke 1 des Winkelstücks ist ein ins Innere des Hohlleiters gerichteter, über die gesamte Breitseite verlaufender Eckvorsprung 4 vorgesehen. Der Eckvorsprung 4 hat das Profil eines in die Außenecke 1 eingesetzten 90° -Winkels, dessen beide Schenkel 2 und 3 gleiche Längen lK und gleiche Stärken hK aufweisen. Das in Fig.1 dargestellte E-Winkelstück ist einteilig (mit Fingerfräser) fräsbar. Wie Meßreihen zur Optimierung des den Eckvorsprung 4 bildenden 90° -Winkels übereinstimmend mit physikalischen Überlegungen zeigen, bestimmt die Schenkellänge lK den Gesamtfrequenzgang der Reflexion über ein ganzes Hohlleiterband, während die Schenkelstärke hK in erster Linie den Reflexionspegel im ganzen Hohlleiterband beeinflußt. In Bezug auf ein ganzes Hohlleiterband (1,25 . fKH10 < f < 1,9 . fKH10) sind für den häufigsten Rechteckhohlleiterquerschnitt a = 2b (a = Breitseitenabmessung, b = Schmalseitenabmessung) die Größen lK /a = 0,394 und hK /b = 0,259 optimal. In Teilbändern ist mit geringfügig abgewandelten Kompensationsgrößen der Schenkelabmessungen lK und hK eine weitere Senkung der Reflexion möglich.Fig. 1 shows an oblique view of an embodiment of a broadband rectangular waveguide E-elbow according to the invention. This angle piece is bent at right angles over the broad waveguide sides, which have a dimension a. Provided on the outer corner 1 of the angle piece is a corner projection 4 which extends into the interior of the waveguide and extends over the entire broad side. The corner projection 4 has the profile of a 90 ° angle inserted into the outer corner 1, the two legs 2 and 3 of which have the same lengths l K and the same Have strengths h K. The E-contra-angle shown in Fig. 1 can be milled in one piece (with a milling cutter). As series of measurements for optimizing the 90 ° angle forming the corner projection 4 in accordance with physical considerations shows, the leg length l K determines the total frequency response of the reflection over an entire waveguide band, while the leg thickness h K primarily affects the reflection level in the entire waveguide band. In relation to an entire waveguide band (1.25. F KH10 <f <1.9. F KH10 ), the sizes l K / a = 0.394 and h are for the most common rectangular waveguide cross section a = 2b (a = broad side dimension, b = narrow side dimension) K / b = 0.259 optimal. A further reduction in the reflection is possible in sub-bands with slightly modified compensation sizes of the leg dimensions l K and h K.

Die genannten Kompensationsgrößen gelten unter folgenden Voraussetzungen: Alle parallel zur Längsachse des jeweiligen Rechteckhohlleiters verlaufenden Längskanten sind nicht scharfkantig (in Fig.1 sind die Längskanten allerdings vereinfachend scharfkantig gezeichnet), sondern haben, wie in einer Querschnittsansicht in Fig.2 dargestellt ist, als Grundvoraussetzung für die Fräsbarkeit aus einem Block einen Eckenradius r/b = 0,189. Dabei sind die Abmessungen b und a die Schmalseiten- bzw. Breitseitenabmessung des exakt rechteckigen Originalhohlleiters, wie er beispielsweise als Anschlußhohlleiter für das E-Winkelstück nach der Erfindung gegeben ist. Dieser relativ große Eckenradius r erhöht die Grenzfrequenz fKH10 und damit auch den Wellenwiderstand des Rechteckhohlleiters spürbar. Wie in T.S. Saad: "Microwave Engineers Handbook", Volume One, Artech House Inc, 1971, Seite 26 angegeben ist, sind in einem solchen Falle die Querschnittsmaße a₊ und b₊ für die Breitseiten bzw. Schmalseiten des Hohlleiters mit abgerundeten Ecken gegenüber a und b geringfügig zu vergrößern, und zwar so, daß die Grenzwellenlängen des rechteckigen Originalhohlleiters λKH10 = 2a und des Hohlleiters mit abgerundeten Ecken gleich sind gemäß 2a = 2a₊ -1,717 r²/b₊ und a/b = a₊ /b₊.

Figure imgb0001
The compensation sizes mentioned apply under the following conditions: All the longitudinal edges running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the respective rectangular waveguide are not sharp-edged (in Fig. 1, however, the longitudinal edges are drawn with a sharp edge), but have, as shown in a cross-sectional view in Fig. 2, the basic requirement for millability from a block a corner radius r / b = 0.189. The dimensions b and a are the narrow side and broad side dimensions of the exactly rectangular original waveguide, as is given, for example, as a connecting waveguide for the E-angle piece according to the invention. This relatively large corner radius r noticeably increases the cut-off frequency f KH10 and thus also the wave resistance of the rectangular waveguide. As stated in TS Saad: "Microwave Engineers Handbook", Volume One, Artech House Inc, 1971, page 26, the cross-sectional dimensions a₊ and b₊ for the broad sides or narrow sides of the waveguide with rounded corners are opposite a and b to be increased slightly in such a way that the cut-off wavelengths of the rectangular original waveguide λ KH10 = 2a and of the waveguide with rounded corners are the same in accordance with 2a = 2a₊ -1.717 r² / b₊ and a / b = a₊ / b₊.
Figure imgb0001

Fig. 3 zeigt für ein breitbandiges Rechteckhohlleiter-E-Winkelstück, wie es in Fig.1 ausgeführt ist, in einem Diagramm die Abhängigkeit zwischen dem den Reflexionszustand angebenden Welligkeitsfaktor s und den Frequenzen f eines Hohlleiterbandes. Es zeigt sich darin als Ergebnis, daß die Reflexionsfaktoren des einteiligen E-Winkelstücks mit diesem Kompensationsverfahren über ein ganzes Hohlleiterband maximal r = 1 % betragen.Fig. 3 shows for a broadband rectangular waveguide E-elbow, as shown in Fig.1, in a diagram the dependence between the ripple factor s indicating the state of reflection and the frequencies f of a waveguide band. The result shows that the reflection factors of the one-piece E-contra-angle with this compensation method amount to a maximum of r = 1% over an entire waveguide band.

Setzt man geteilte E-Winkelstücke gleicher Qualität mit dem Winkelstück nach der Erfindung in Vergleich, so halbieren sich die Herstellungskosten beim Winkelstück nach der Erfindung. Das E-Winkelstück nach der Erfindung findet als integrierter Bestandteil von Polarisationsweichen, bei denen eine bestimmte relative Lage der Rechteckhohlleiterzugänge verlangt wird, z.B. bei der Polarisationsweiche nach der europäischen Patentanmeldung 0 284 911, ein breites Anwendungsfeld. Bei der angegebenen zweischaligen Polarisationsweiche ist ein fräsbares, breitbandig reflexionsarmes E-Winkelstück erforderlich.If you compare divided E-contra-angles of the same quality with the contra-angle according to the invention, the manufacturing costs for the contra-angle according to the invention are halved. The E-contra-angle handpiece according to the invention takes place as an integral part of polarization switches in which a certain relative position of the rectangular waveguide access is required, e.g. for the polarizing switch according to European patent application 0 284 911, a wide field of application. A millable, broad-band, low-reflection E-contra-angle handpiece is required for the specified double-shell polarizing switch.

Die Kompensationsart nach der Erfindung durch Einsetzen eines Winkelprofils in die Außenecke des E-Winkelstücks ist nicht auf Knickwinkel von 90° beschränkt, sondern auch bei nicht 90° betragenden Knickwinkeln anwendbar. Außerdem läßt sich die Kompensationsart nach der Erfindung auch bei Hohlleitern mit solchen Seitenverhältnissen einsetzen, die nicht a/b = 2 betragen (a = Breitseitenabmessung, b = Schmalseitenabmessung); die Dimensionen der Größen lK und hK müssen dann adäquat abgewandelt werden.The type of compensation according to the invention by inserting an angle profile into the outer corner of the E-angle piece is not limited to a bend angle of 90 °, but can also be used with bend angles that are not 90 °. In addition, the type of compensation according to the invention can also be used with waveguides with such aspect ratios that are not a / b = 2 (a = broad side dimension, b = narrow side dimension); the dimensions of the sizes l K and h K must then be adequately modified.

Claims (7)

  1. Broad-band E-plane corner piece for a rectangular waveguide, which is bent along the waveguide broad sides of the rectangular waveguide and has a corner projection, directed into the interior of the waveguide, at the outer corner and extending over the whole outer broad side, characterized in that the corner projection (4) has the profile of an angle set into the outer corner (1), whose bending angle coincides with the bending angle of the E-plane corner piece and whose two limbs (2, 3) have equal lengths (lk) and equal thicknesses (hk).
  2. E-plane corner piece according to Claim 1, characterized in that the complete frequency response of the reflection over a whole waveguide band is determined by the dimensioning of the length (lk) of the two limbs (2, 3).
  3. E-plane corner piece according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that primarily the level of reflections in the whole waveguide band is determined by the dimensioning of the thickness (hk) of the two limbs (2, 3).
  4. E-plane corner piece according to Claims 2 and 3, characterized in that, in a rectangular waveguide having a cross-section ratio of 2:1 between the broad side and the narrow side dimension (a, b) and a bending angle of 90°, the length (lk) of the two limbs (2, 3) is approximately 0.394 times the dimension of the broad side (a) and the thickness (hk) of the two limbs is approximately 0.259 times the dimension of the narrow side (b).
  5. E-plane corner piece according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the longitudinal edges extending parallel to the longitudinal axes of the rectangular waveguide are not sharp edges but have a corner radius r = 0.189 · b, where b is the inner narrow side dimension of the exactly rectangular original waveguide as it is specified, for example, as a connecting waveguide on the bent rectangular waveguide of the corner piece, and in that the actual cross-section dimensions (broad side a₊, narrow side b₊) of the bent rectangular waveguide in the corner piece are slightly increased, and specifically such that the limiting wavelengths λKH10 = 2a of the rectangular original waveguide having an inner broad side dimension a and of the waveguide having rounded corners are equal, according to 2a = 2a₊ -1.717 r²/b₊ and a/b = a₊/b₊.
  6. E-plane corner piece according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by manufacture from one piece using a numerically controlled milling technique.
  7. E-plane corner piece according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by use as an integrated constituent of polarization switches in which a specific relative position of the rectangular waveguide ports is required.
EP90116912A 1989-09-22 1990-09-03 E-plane corner for a rectangular wave guide Expired - Lifetime EP0418630B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3971706 1989-09-22
DE3971706 1989-09-22

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EP0418630A2 EP0418630A2 (en) 1991-03-27
EP0418630A3 EP0418630A3 (en) 1992-03-04
EP0418630B1 true EP0418630B1 (en) 1995-01-11

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1238534B (en) * 1989-11-14 1993-08-18 Cselt Centro Studi Lab Telecom RIGHT ANGLE JOINT FOR RECTANGULAR WAVE GUIDES
DE4326824C2 (en) * 1993-08-10 1997-09-11 Siemens Ag Waveguide circuit with two polarization switches
DE4425048C2 (en) * 1994-07-15 1997-04-24 Siemens Ag Directional radio antenna feed system
EP0959515A1 (en) * 1998-05-20 1999-11-24 TRT Lucent Technologies (SA) Fabrication method for microwave waveguide bends and bends obtained by this method
EP0959516A1 (en) * 1998-05-20 1999-11-24 TRT Lucent Technologies (SA) Methods for the manufacture of elbows for microwave guides and elbows obtained according to the method
RU2668622C1 (en) * 2017-10-18 2018-10-02 Акционерное общество Центральное конструкторское бюро аппаратостроения Angle bend of waveguide duct
CN114583426B (en) * 2022-03-15 2022-09-09 电子科技大学 Terahertz of H face subdivision is buckled waveguide structure now

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE637186A (en) *
US2904759A (en) * 1956-04-26 1959-09-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Mode conversion in wave guides
FR2605147B1 (en) * 1986-10-10 1988-12-02 Thomson Csf METHOD FOR PROVIDING A MICROWAVE TRANSITION BETWEEN TWO ORTHOGONAL GUIDED STRUCTURES AND MICROWAVE CIRCUIT HAVING SUCH A TRANSITION
DE3871586D1 (en) * 1987-03-24 1992-07-09 Siemens Ag BROADBAND POLARIZING SOFT.
IT1238534B (en) * 1989-11-14 1993-08-18 Cselt Centro Studi Lab Telecom RIGHT ANGLE JOINT FOR RECTANGULAR WAVE GUIDES

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EP0418630A2 (en) 1991-03-27
DE59008236D1 (en) 1995-02-23
ATE117130T1 (en) 1995-01-15
EP0418630A3 (en) 1992-03-04

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