EP0417682A1 - Transponder used for positioning of a satellite - Google Patents

Transponder used for positioning of a satellite Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0417682A1
EP0417682A1 EP90117358A EP90117358A EP0417682A1 EP 0417682 A1 EP0417682 A1 EP 0417682A1 EP 90117358 A EP90117358 A EP 90117358A EP 90117358 A EP90117358 A EP 90117358A EP 0417682 A1 EP0417682 A1 EP 0417682A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
loop
receiver
signal
divider
phase
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Granted
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EP90117358A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0417682B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Luc Foucher
Marc Atge
Dominique Rousselet
Emile Tonello
Pascal Triaud
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Alcatel Espace Industries SA
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Alcatel Espace Industries SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
    • H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
    • H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
    • H03L7/08—Details of the phase-locked loop
    • H03L7/10—Details of the phase-locked loop for assuring initial synchronisation or for broadening the capture range
    • H03L7/107—Details of the phase-locked loop for assuring initial synchronisation or for broadening the capture range using a variable transfer function for the loop, e.g. low pass filter having a variable bandwidth

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a satellite transponder, and more particularly to an S-band transponder of a "TELECOM II" type satellite.
  • the remote control and location telemetry system allows the control center to provide this service by sending telemetry information via satellite; the control center provides management by sending remote control commands.
  • the location provides the data necessary to know the position of the satellite in position and maintenance station.
  • the system uses either a particular frequency band, in general the bands, in particular at the start, or a telecommunications band used for the nominal mission.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a more efficient and less expensive transponder than those of the known art.
  • the invention proposes a transponder for setting up a satellite, characterized in that the local oscillator of the receiver is controlled on a quartz pilot by a narrow band phase loop during the waiting period. or in the absence of a received signal, and in that this local oscillator is slaved to the input signal of the receiver by a wider band phase loop upon reception of the signal, the narrow band phase loop then being cut automatically.
  • the transmitter is at the same frequency as the local oscillator of the receiver in coherent mode, while being stabilized by a phase loop identical to the level of the frequency plane and components to the narrow phase loop.
  • Such a transponder has in particular the advantages following: - A reduction in the cost and the production cycle of the receiver + transmitter equipment; - Better long-term stability of the rest frequency of the receiver; - An insensitivity to the phenomena of "pushing" of the receiver; - An improvement in the stability of the receiver phase loop.
  • the invention therefore allows: - to use the same frequency plan for the transmitter and the generation of the local oscillator of the receiver, - to use two phase loops in the receiver, managed by an automatic switching system: .
  • a narrow band phase loop which ensures long-term stability and makes it possible to eliminate the undesirable effects of "Pushing" during the carrier acquisition phase.
  • a wider band phase loop which secures and holds on the uplink carrier, thereby demodulating the uplink signal.
  • a hooking indicator which automatically cuts the narrow loop as soon as the wide loop is hooked on the ascending carrier, and returns it to service in the event of a stall. .
  • No voltage-controlled quartz oscillator is used: to avoid any parasitic pole in the wide loop (improvement of its stability); such an element being, moreover, difficult to produce (resulting in long supply times) and expensive.
  • Frequency dividers are used in the form of components rather than frequency multipliers: complex modules very delicate and time-consuming to produce (they must be followed by severe filtering when the rank of multiplication is high).
  • the transponder of known art represented in FIG. 1 comprises a receiver 10 and a transmitter 11.
  • main signals are referenced by their frequency value.
  • a first mixer 12 receives, on the one hand, an input frequency Fi and a frequency 104 fo; a second mixer 13 receives the output signal from the first mixer, ie Fi-104 fo, and a signal 6.5 fo-f1, - A phase comparator 14 receives the output signal from this second mixer 13 and a signal f1.
  • the output signal from this enables a voltage-controllable quartz oscillator 15 (OQCT) to be controlled via a loop filter 16.
  • This oscillator 15 makes it possible to deliver: . the signal 104 fo of the first mixer 12 via a first multiplier (17) by 13 followed by a filter 18, and a second multiplier (19) by 8 followed by a filter 20; .
  • a switch 31 receives on the one hand: . a coherent channel formed by the output signal of the voltage-controlled quartz oscillation 15 after passing through a multiplier (32) by 2 and through a filter 33; . a non-coherent channel constituted by a quartz oscillator 34 delivering a signal 2f′o.
  • the output signal from the transmitter Fo is the output signal from this switch 31 through a multiplier (35) by 5 followed by a filter 36, by the modulator 37 which receives the modulation signal M, d ' a multiplier 38 by 12 followed by a filter 39.
  • the quartz pilot 23 at 2f1 does not intervene in the parameters of the phase loop, it is used to obtain a second fixed intermediate frequency at f1 when the receiver 10 is hooked.
  • the heart of the receiver is the voltage-controlled quartz oscillator 15 (OQCT) at fo.
  • This arrangement is also subject to "pushing": In fact when a carrier is scanned in frequency, the receiver hangs when the frequency of this carrier passes over its rest frequency. Certain phenomena can then appear during this attachment phase. Under certain conditions a voltage tending to move the quartz oscillator controllable in voltage from the latching may appear (instead of bringing it closer). The phenomenon can be annoying when the scanning of the rising carrier is slow: The oscillator can then go into abutment and prevent the receiver from being hooked.
  • OQCT 15 also poses certain problems: due to close parasitic frequency responses (anti-resonance of quartz) we must decrease the modulation loop so as not to excite them. This has the effect of introducing an additional parasitic pole into the receiver loop.
  • the quartz pilot 34 at 2 f′o is used as a reference in non-coherent mode.
  • the modulation is done on the carrier at 10 fo.
  • FIG. 2 shows the transponder of the invention with its receiver part 40 and its transmitter part 41.
  • the receiver 40 includes: - a narrow band phase loop 42 which includes a voltage controlled oscillator 44 (OCT) delivering a signal at the frequency 480 fr, a divider (45) by 40, a divider (46) by 6, a divider (47) by 2, a phase / frequency comparator 48 receiving on the one hand the signal coming from the divider (47) by 2, and on the other hand a signal fr coming from a quartz pilot 49, a switch 50 receiving a control signal IA, a loop filter 51 and a summator 52.
  • OCT voltage controlled oscillator 44
  • a broadband phase loop 43 which comprises several circuits already belonging to the narrowband phase loop 42, namely the adder 52, the voltage-controlled oscillator 44, and the dividers (45) by 40 and (46 ) by 6 and new circuits, namely: a first mixer 53 which receives on the one hand the input signal Fi and on the other hand the signal from the voltage controlled oscillator 44, followed by a second mixer 54 which receives the signal from the divider (45) by 40 after multiplication by 3 (55), followed by a phase comparator 56 which receives the signal from the divider (46) by 6 and whose output is connected to the summator 52 via a loop filter 57.
  • the transmitter 41 consists of the same elements as the narrow-band phase loop, namely a voltage-controlled oscillator 60, a divider (61) by 40, a divider (62) by 6, a divider (63) by 2 , a phase / frequency comparator 64 and a loop filter 65 connected to the oscillator 60.
  • a derivator 66 for phase modulation outside the loop band
  • a quartz oscillator 67 for operating in coherent mode (connection to the receiver 40), or in non-coherent mode (connection to the oscillator 67).
  • This loop 42 compensates for any variations in the control voltage vL coming from the wide loop 43. Hence very good stability of the rest frequency of the receiver 40.
  • this loop 42 compensates for the "pushing" offsets which could repel the oscillator 44 instead of attracting it towards the attachment.
  • the broadband loop 43 allows the receiver 40 to be hooked onto the rising frequency Fi and delivers a hooking indicator (IA) which automatically cuts the narrowband loop 42 using its switch 50.
  • IA hooking indicator
  • the multiplier by 3 (55) is actually fictitious: it is part of the mixer 54 (harmonic mixer).
  • the receiver of the invention 40 shown in FIG. 2 is said to have a long phase loop because it uses two intermediate frequencies which are in the loop.
  • the receiver 40 Without carrier at the input, the receiver 40 is on standby. Its rest frequency corresponds to the frequency that should be applied to the input so that it hangs instantly.
  • This receiver 40 provides an attachment indicator IA. This information is sent to the ground and is used to manage the transmitter 41.
  • the carrier of the transmitter must be able to be phase modulated. It has two modes of operation:
  • the quartz pilot 67 internal to the transmitter then serves as a reference.

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  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a transponder for positioning a satellite in which the local oscillator (44) of the receiver is steered to a quartz pilot (49) by a narrow-band phase loop (42) in a stand-by period or in the absence of any received signal, and by a phase loop with wider band (43) once the signal is received, the narrow-band phase loop (42) then being automatically cut. …<??>Application in particular to the field of space telecommunications. …<IMAGE>…

Description

L'invention concerne un transpondeur de mise à poste d'un satellite, et plus particulièrement un transpondeur bande S d'un satellite de type "TELECOM II"The invention relates to a satellite transponder, and more particularly to an S-band transponder of a "TELECOM II" type satellite.

En effet dans un satellite, la surveillance du bon fonctionnement du véhicule et de la charge utile est nécessaire en permanence. Pour cela, le système de télémesure télécommande et localisation permet au centre de contrôle d'assurer ce service grâce à l'envoi par le satellite d'informations télémesurées ; le centre de contrôle assure la gestion par l'envoi d'ordres de télécommande. La localisation permet d'obtenir les données nécessaires pour connaître la position du satellite en mise et maintien à poste. Le système utilise soit une bande de fréquence particulière, en général la bandes, notamment à la mise à poste, soit une bande de télécommunications utilisée pour la mission nominale.Indeed in a satellite, the monitoring of the good functioning of the vehicle and the payload is necessary permanently. For this, the remote control and location telemetry system allows the control center to provide this service by sending telemetry information via satellite; the control center provides management by sending remote control commands. The location provides the data necessary to know the position of the satellite in position and maintenance station. The system uses either a particular frequency band, in general the bands, in particular at the start, or a telecommunications band used for the nominal mission.

Un manuel de Floyd M. GARDNER intitulé "Phaselock Techniques" (John Wiley and Sons ; seconde édition page 163, figure 8-12) décrit un transpondeur de l'art connu.A manual by Floyd M. GARDNER entitled "Phaselock Techniques" (John Wiley and Sons; second edition page 163, figure 8-12) describes a transponder of the known art.

L'invention a pour objet de réaliser un transpondeur plus performant et moins cher que ceux de l'art connu.The object of the invention is to provide a more efficient and less expensive transponder than those of the known art.

L'invention propose, à cet effet, un transpondeur de mise à poste d'un satellite, caractérisé en ce que l'oscillateur local du récepteur est asservi sur un pilote à quartz par une boucle de phase à bande étroite en période d'attente ou en l'absence de signal reçu, et en ce que cet oscillateur local est asservi sur le signal d'entrée du récepteur par une boucle de phase à bande plus large dès réception du signal, la boucle de phase à bande étroite étant alors coupée automatiquement.To this end, the invention proposes a transponder for setting up a satellite, characterized in that the local oscillator of the receiver is controlled on a quartz pilot by a narrow band phase loop during the waiting period. or in the absence of a received signal, and in that this local oscillator is slaved to the input signal of the receiver by a wider band phase loop upon reception of the signal, the narrow band phase loop then being cut automatically.

Avantageusement dans ce transpondeur l'émetteur est à la même fréquence que l'oscillateur local du récepteur en mode cohérent, en étant stabilisé par une boucle de phase identique au niveau plan de fréquence et composants à la boucle de phase étroite.Advantageously in this transponder, the transmitter is at the same frequency as the local oscillator of the receiver in coherent mode, while being stabilized by a phase loop identical to the level of the frequency plane and components to the narrow phase loop.

Un tel transpondeur présente notamment, les avantages suivants :
- Une diminution du coût et du cyle de réalisation de l'équipement récepteur + émetteur;
- Une meilleure stabilité long terme de la fréquence de repos du récepteur;
- Une insensibilité aux phénomènes de "pushing" du récepteur;
- Une amélioration de la stabilité de la boucle de phase du récepteur.Such a transponder has in particular the advantages following:
- A reduction in the cost and the production cycle of the receiver + transmitter equipment;
- Better long-term stability of the rest frequency of the receiver;
- An insensitivity to the phenomena of "pushing" of the receiver;
- An improvement in the stability of the receiver phase loop.

L'invention permet donc :
- d'utiliser le même plan de fréquence pour l'émetteur et la génération de l'oscillateur local du récepteur,
- d'utiliser deux boucles de phase dans le récepteur, gérées par un système automatique de commutation :
. Une boucle de phase à bande étroite qui assure la stabilité long terme et permet de supprimer les effets indésirables du "Pushing" pendant la phase d'acquisition de la porteuse.
. Une boucle de phase à bande plus large, qui assure l'accrochage et le maintien sur la porteuse montante, permettant ainsi de démoduler le signal montant.
. Un indicateur d'accrochage qui coupe automatiquement la boucle étroite dès que la boucle large est accrochée sur la porteuse montante, et la remet en service en cas de décrochage.
. Aucun oscillateur à quartz commandable en tension n'est utilisé : pour éviter tout pôle parasite dans la boucle large (amélioration de sa stabilité) ; un tel élément étant, de plus, délicat à réaliser (entraînant de long délais d'appro­visionnement) et coûteux.
. On utilise des diviseurs de fréquence sous forme de composants plutôt que des multiplicateurs de fréquence: modules complexes très délicats et longs à produire (ils doivent être suivis d'un filtrage sévère lorsque le rang de multiplication est élevé).The invention therefore allows:
- to use the same frequency plan for the transmitter and the generation of the local oscillator of the receiver,
- to use two phase loops in the receiver, managed by an automatic switching system:
. A narrow band phase loop which ensures long-term stability and makes it possible to eliminate the undesirable effects of "Pushing" during the carrier acquisition phase.
. A wider band phase loop, which secures and holds on the uplink carrier, thereby demodulating the uplink signal.
. A hooking indicator which automatically cuts the narrow loop as soon as the wide loop is hooked on the ascending carrier, and returns it to service in the event of a stall.
. No voltage-controlled quartz oscillator is used: to avoid any parasitic pole in the wide loop (improvement of its stability); such an element being, moreover, difficult to produce (resulting in long supply times) and expensive.
. Frequency dividers are used in the form of components rather than frequency multipliers: complex modules very delicate and time-consuming to produce (they must be followed by severe filtering when the rank of multiplication is high).

Les caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressor­tiront d'ailleurs de la description qui va suivre, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en référence aux figures annexées sur lesquelles :

  • - la figure 1 illustre un transpondeur de l'art connu ;
  • - la figure 2 illustre le transpondeur selon l'invention.
The characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description which follows, by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the appended figures in which:
  • - Figure 1 illustrates a transponder of the known art;
  • - Figure 2 illustrates the transponder according to the invention.

Le transpondeur de l'art connu (voir références données en préambule de la description) représenté à la figure 1 comprend un récepteur 10 et un émetteur 11.The transponder of known art (see references given in the preamble to the description) represented in FIG. 1 comprises a receiver 10 and a transmitter 11.

Dans la suite de la description les principaux signaux sont référencés par leur valeur en fréquence.In the following description, the main signals are referenced by their frequency value.

Dans le récepteur 10 :
- un premier mélangeur 12 reçoit, d'une part, une fréquence d'entrée Fi et une fréquence 104 fo ;
- un second mélangeur 13 reçoit le signal de sortie du premier mélangeur, soit Fi-104 fo, et un signal 6,5 fo-f1,
- un comparateur de phase 14 reçoit le signal de sortie de ce second mélangeur 13 et un signal f1. Le signal de sortie de celui-ci permet de commander un oscillateur à quartz commandable en tension 15 (OQCT) via un filtre de boucle 16. Cet oscillateur 15 permet de délivrer :
. le signal 104 fo du premier mélangeur 12 via un premier multiplicateur (17) par 13 suivi d'un filtre 18, et d'un second multiplicateur (19) par 8 suivi d'un filtre 20 ;
. le signal 6,5 fo-f1 au travers du premier multi­plicateur 17 suivi de son filtre 18 associé, d'un troisième mélangeur 21 et d'un diviseur (22) par 2 un oscillateur à quartz 23, délivrant un signal 2f1, étant relié directement à ce troisième mélangeur 21, et au comparateur de phase 14 au travers d'un diviseur (24) par 2.In receiver 10:
- A first mixer 12 receives, on the one hand, an input frequency Fi and a frequency 104 fo;
a second mixer 13 receives the output signal from the first mixer, ie Fi-104 fo, and a signal 6.5 fo-f1,
- A phase comparator 14 receives the output signal from this second mixer 13 and a signal f1. The output signal from this enables a voltage-controllable quartz oscillator 15 (OQCT) to be controlled via a loop filter 16. This oscillator 15 makes it possible to deliver:
. the signal 104 fo of the first mixer 12 via a first multiplier (17) by 13 followed by a filter 18, and a second multiplier (19) by 8 followed by a filter 20;
. the signal 6.5 fo-f1 through the first multiplier 17 followed by its associated filter 18, a third mixer 21 and a divider (22) by 2 a quartz oscillator 23, delivering a signal 2f1, being connected directly to this third mixer 21, and to the phase comparator 14 through a divider (24) by 2.

Dans l'émetteur 11 :
- un interrupteur 31 reçoit d'une part :
. une voie cohérente constituée par le signal de sortie de l'oscillation à quartz commandable en tension 15 après passage dans un multiplicateur (32) par 2 et dans un filtre 33 ;
. une voie non cohérente constituée par un oscillateur à quartz 34 délivrant un signal 2f′o.
- le signal de sortie de l'émetteur Fo est le signal de sortie de cet interrupteur 31 au travers d'un multiplicateur (35) par 5 suivi d'un filtre 36, du modulateur 37 qui reçoit le signal de modulation M, d'un multiplicateur 38 par 12 suivi d'un filtre 39.In transmitter 11:
- a switch 31 receives on the one hand:
. a coherent channel formed by the output signal of the voltage-controlled quartz oscillation 15 after passing through a multiplier (32) by 2 and through a filter 33;
. a non-coherent channel constituted by a quartz oscillator 34 delivering a signal 2f′o.
the output signal from the transmitter Fo is the output signal from this switch 31 through a multiplier (35) by 5 followed by a filter 36, by the modulator 37 which receives the modulation signal M, d ' a multiplier 38 by 12 followed by a filter 39.

Dans le synoptique du récepteur 10 le pilote à quartz 23 à 2f1 n'intervient pas dans les paramètres de la boucle de phase, il sert à obtenir une seconde fréquence intermédiaire fixe à f1 quand le récepteur 10 est accroché.In the diagram of the receiver 10 the quartz pilot 23 at 2f1 does not intervene in the parameters of the phase loop, it is used to obtain a second fixed intermediate frequency at f1 when the receiver 10 is hooked.

Le coeur du récepteur est l'oscillateur à quartz commandable en tension 15 (OQCT) à fo.The heart of the receiver is the voltage-controlled quartz oscillator 15 (OQCT) at fo.

Quand le récepteur 10 est accroché, la fréquence de l'OQCT 15 suit la fréquence d'entrée Fi de telle sorte que : 110.5 fo = Fi.When the receiver 10 is hooked, the frequency of the OQCT 15 follows the input frequency Fi so that: 110.5 fo = Fi.

Quand le récepteur 10 n'est pas accroché, il assure la sta­bilité de la fréquence de repos du récepteur qui est égale à 110,5 fo (repos). Cette fréquence de repos est donc affectée par la stabilité de la tension de commande en l'absence de porteuse à l'entrée.When the receiver 10 is not hooked, it ensures the stability of the rest frequency of the receiver which is equal to 110.5% (rest). This rest frequency is therefore affected by the stability of the control voltage in the absence of a carrier at the input.

Ce montage est de plus sujet au "pushing" : En effet lorsque du sol on balaye en fréquence une porteuse, le récepteur s'accroche lorsque la fréquence de cette porteuse passe sur sa fréquence de repos. Certains phénomènes peuvent alors apparaître pendant cette phase d'accrochage. Sous certaines conditions une tension tendant à éloigner l'oscillateur à quartz commandable en tension de l'accrochage peut apparaître (au lieu de l'en rapprocher). Le phénomène peut être gênant lorsque le balayage de la porteuse montante est lent : L'oscillateur peut alors aller en butée et empêcher l'accrochage du récepteur.This arrangement is also subject to "pushing": In fact when a carrier is scanned in frequency, the receiver hangs when the frequency of this carrier passes over its rest frequency. Certain phenomena can then appear during this attachment phase. Under certain conditions a voltage tending to move the quartz oscillator controllable in voltage from the latching may appear (instead of bringing it closer). The phenomenon can be annoying when the scanning of the rising carrier is slow: The oscillator can then go into abutment and prevent the receiver from being hooked.

Dans ce synoptique sont utilisés deux multiplicateurs de fréquence 17 et 19 de réalisation difficile et nécessitant des filtrages sévères 18 et 20 :
- un multiplicateur par 13 : fo→13 fo
- un multiplicateur par 8 : 13 fo→104 fo.In this diagram are used two frequency multipliers 17 and 19 of difficult realization and requiring severe filtering 18 and 20:
- a multiplier by 13: fo → 13 fo
- a multiplier by 8: 13 fo → 104 fo.

L'OQCT 15 pose, de plus, certains problèmes : du fait de réponses fréquentielles parasites proches (antirésonnance du quartz) on doit diminuer la boucle de modulation pour ne pas les exciter. Ceci a pour effet d'introduire un pôle parasite supplémentaire dans la boucle du récepteur.OQCT 15 also poses certain problems: due to close parasitic frequency responses (anti-resonance of quartz) we must decrease the modulation loop so as not to excite them. This has the effect of introducing an additional parasitic pole into the receiver loop.

Dans l'émetteur 11 le pilote à quartz 34 à 2 f′o est sutilisé comme référence en mode non cohérent.In the transmitter 11 the quartz pilot 34 at 2 f′o is used as a reference in non-coherent mode.

Il est encore fait appel à des multiplicateurs de fréquence 32, 35 et 38 de réalisation difficile :
- un multiplicateur par 2 : f→2 fo
- un multiplicateur par 5 : 2 fo→10 fo
- un multiplicateur par 12 : 10→120 fo.It is also used frequency multipliers 32, 35 and 38 of difficult realization:
- a multiplier by 2: f → 2 fo
- a multiplier by 5: 2 fo → 10 fo
- a multiplier by 12: 10 → 120 times.

La modulation se fait sur la porteuse à 10 fo.The modulation is done on the carrier at 10 fo.

Sur la figure 2 est représenté le transpondeur de l'inven­tion avec sa partie récepteur 40 et sa partie émetteur 41.FIG. 2 shows the transponder of the invention with its receiver part 40 and its transmitter part 41.

Le récepteur 40 comporte :
- une boucle de phase à bande étroite 42 qui comprend un oscillateur commandé en tension 44 (OCT) délivrant un signal à la fréquence 480 fr, un diviseur (45) par 40, un diviseur (46) par 6, un diviseur (47) par 2, un comparateur phase/fréquence 48 recevant d'une part le signal issu du diviseur (47) par 2, et d'autre part un signal fr issu d'un pilote à quartz 49, un interrupteur 50 recevant un signal de commande IA, un filtre de boucle 51 et un sommateur 52.
- une boucle de phase à bande large 43 qui comprend plusieurs circuits appartenant déjà à la boucle de phase à bande étroite 42, à savoir le sommateur 52, l'oscillateur commandé en tension 44, et les diviseurs (45) par 40 et (46) par 6 et de nouveaux circuits, à savoir : un premier mélangeur 53 qui reçoit d'une part le signal d'entrée Fi et d'autre part le signal issu de l'oscillateur commandé en tension 44, suivi d'un second mélangeur 54 qui reçoit le signal issu du diviseur (45) par 40 après multiplication par 3 (55), suivi d'un comparateur de phase 56 qui reçoit le signal issu du diviseur (46) par 6 et dont la sortie est reliée au sommateur 52 via un filtre de boucle 57.The receiver 40 includes:
- a narrow band phase loop 42 which includes a voltage controlled oscillator 44 (OCT) delivering a signal at the frequency 480 fr, a divider (45) by 40, a divider (46) by 6, a divider (47) by 2, a phase / frequency comparator 48 receiving on the one hand the signal coming from the divider (47) by 2, and on the other hand a signal fr coming from a quartz pilot 49, a switch 50 receiving a control signal IA, a loop filter 51 and a summator 52.
- a broadband phase loop 43 which comprises several circuits already belonging to the narrowband phase loop 42, namely the adder 52, the voltage-controlled oscillator 44, and the dividers (45) by 40 and (46 ) by 6 and new circuits, namely: a first mixer 53 which receives on the one hand the input signal Fi and on the other hand the signal from the voltage controlled oscillator 44, followed by a second mixer 54 which receives the signal from the divider (45) by 40 after multiplication by 3 (55), followed by a phase comparator 56 which receives the signal from the divider (46) by 6 and whose output is connected to the summator 52 via a loop filter 57.

En sortie du premier mélangeur 53 on a donc un signal : -Fi + 480 fr, en sortie du second mélangeur 54 : - Fi + 444 fr et en sortie du comparateur de phase 56 : - Fi + 442 fr. Cette boucle large a donc pour objet de maintenir la condition :
Fi = 442 fr.At the output of the first mixer 53 there is therefore a signal: -Fi + 480 fr, at the output of the second mixer 54: - Fi + 444 fr and at the output of the phase comparator 56: - Fi + 442 fr. The purpose of this wide loop is therefore to maintain the condition:
Fi = 442 fr.

L'émetteur 41 se compose des mêmes éléments que la boucle de phase en bande étroite, à savoir un oscillateur commandé en tension 60, un diviseur (61) par 40, un diviseur (62) par 6, un diviseur (63) par 2, un comparateur phase/fréquence 64 et un filtre de boucle 65 relié à l'oscillateur 60.The transmitter 41 consists of the same elements as the narrow-band phase loop, namely a voltage-controlled oscillator 60, a divider (61) by 40, a divider (62) by 6, a divider (63) by 2 , a phase / frequency comparator 64 and a loop filter 65 connected to the oscillator 60.

Il comporte de plus :
- un dérivateur 66 pour la modulation de phase hors bande de boucle,
- un oscillateur à quartz 67 et un interrupteur 68 pour le fonctionnement en mode cohérent (liaison au récepteur 40), ou en mode non cohérent (liaison à l'oscillateur 67). On constate que le plan de fréquence de cet émetteur est identique à celui de la génération d'oscillateur local du récepteur : ceci réduit les coûts d'étude et de réalisation des deux ensembles (composants identiques, réglages similaires).It also includes:
- a derivator 66 for phase modulation outside the loop band,
a quartz oscillator 67 and a switch 68 for operating in coherent mode (connection to the receiver 40), or in non-coherent mode (connection to the oscillator 67). It can be seen that the frequency plan of this transmitter is identical to that of the generation of the local oscillator of the receiver: this reduces the study and production costs of the two sets (identical components, similar settings).

Dans ce synoptique, lorsque le récepteur 40 n'est pas accroché, la boucle à bande étroite 42 est en service et asservit l'oscillateur commandable en tension 44 sur le pilote à quartz 49 très stable.In this block diagram, when the receiver 40 is not hooked up, the narrow band loop 42 is in service and controls the voltage-controlled oscillator 44 on the very stable quartz pilot 49.

Cette boucle 42 compense les variations éventuelles de la tension de commande vL issue de la boucle large 43. D'où une très bonne stabilité de la fréquence de repos du récepteur 40.This loop 42 compensates for any variations in the control voltage vL coming from the wide loop 43. Hence very good stability of the rest frequency of the receiver 40.

De plus cette boucle 42, pendant la phase d'accrochage du récepteur 40, compense les offsets de "pushing" qui pourraient repousser l'oscillateur 44 au lieu de l'attirer vers l'accrochage.In addition, this loop 42, during the attachment phase of the receiver 40, compensates for the "pushing" offsets which could repel the oscillator 44 instead of attracting it towards the attachment.

La boucle à bande large 43 permet l'accrochage du récep­teur 40 sur la fréquence montante Fi et délivre un indicateur d'accrochage (IA) qui coupe automatiquement la boucle à bande étroite 42 à l'aide de son interrupteur 50.The broadband loop 43 allows the receiver 40 to be hooked onto the rising frequency Fi and delivers a hooking indicator (IA) which automatically cuts the narrowband loop 42 using its switch 50.

On note que les multiplicateurs de fréquence 17 et 19 (respectivement par 13 et par 8) du synoptique représenté à la figure 1 ont été remplacés par des diviseurs 45 et 46 (respectivement par 40 et 6) par exemple de type ECL.We note that the frequency multipliers 17 and 19 (respectively by 13 and by 8) of the block diagram shown in Figure 1 have been replaced by dividers 45 and 46 (respectively 40 and 6) for example of the ECL type.

Le multiplicateur par 3 (55) est en fait fictif : il fait partie du mélangeur 54 (mélangeur harmonique).The multiplier by 3 (55) is actually fictitious: it is part of the mixer 54 (harmonic mixer).

De plus l'OQCT 15 de la figure 1 a été remplacé par un OCT 44 à 480 fr et un pilote à quartz 49 à fr. Ces deux modules sont beaucoup plus simples, pris séparément.In addition, the OQCT 15 in Figure 1 has been replaced by an OCT 44 at 480 fr and a quartz pilot 49 at fr. These two modules are much simpler, taken separately.

Le récepteur de l'invention 40 représenté à la figure 2, est dit à boucle de phase longue car il fait appel à deux fréquences intermédiaires qui sont dans la boucle.The receiver of the invention 40 shown in FIG. 2, is said to have a long phase loop because it uses two intermediate frequencies which are in the loop.

Sans porteuse à l'entrée, le récepteur 40 est en attente. Sa fréquence de repos correspond à la fréquence qu'il faudrait appliquer à l'entrée pour qu'il s'accroche instantanément.Without carrier at the input, the receiver 40 is on standby. Its rest frequency corresponds to the frequency that should be applied to the input so that it hangs instantly.

Ce récepteur 40 fournit un indicateur d'accrochage IA. Cette information est envoyée au sol et sert à la gestion de l'émetteur 41.This receiver 40 provides an attachment indicator IA. This information is sent to the ground and is used to manage the transmitter 41.

La porteuse de l'émetteur doit pouvoir être modulée en phase. Il a deux modes de fonctionnement :The carrier of the transmitter must be able to be phase modulated. It has two modes of operation:

-Mode cohérent :- Consistent mode:

Fo =

Figure imgb0001
Fi
Fo : fréquence d'émission.
Fi : fréquence de réception.
Ainsi l'émetteur utilise la référence issue du récepteur à fr = k
Figure imgb0002
Fo =
Figure imgb0001
Fi
Fo: transmission frequency.
Fi: reception frequency.
So the transmitter uses the reference from the receiver at fr = k
Figure imgb0002

- Mode non cohérent.- Non-coherent mode.

Le pilote à quartz 67 interne à l'émetteur sert alors de référence.The quartz pilot 67 internal to the transmitter then serves as a reference.

Dans un exemple de réalisation on a obtenu les valeurs suivantes :In an exemplary embodiment, the following values were obtained:

- Récepteur :- Receiver:

fr =

Figure imgb0003
Fi ≃ 2GHz
soit : fr ≃4,5 MHz
Boucle à bande étroite : bande de bruit : 2Be = 20 Hz
Boucle à bande large : bande de bruit = 2Bl 800 Hz
l'OCT 44 a pour fréquence de repos : Fr = 480 FR = 2,17 GKZfr =
Figure imgb0003
Fi ≃ 2GHz
either: fr ≃4.5 MHz
Narrow band loop: noise band: 2B e = 20 Hz
Broadband loop: noise band = 2B l 800 Hz
OCT 44 has the rest frequency: Fr = 480 FR = 2.17 GKZ

- Emetteur :- Issuer:

fo ≃ 22,17 GHz
f′r ≃ 4,5 MHz
Boucle de modulation : bande de bruit = 2B ≃ 1000.Hz.fo ≃ 22.17 GHz
f′r ≃ 4.5 MHz
Modulation loop: noise band = 2B ≃ 1000.Hz.

Il est bien entendu que la présente invention n'a été décrite et représentée qu'à titre d'exemple préférentiel et que l'on pourra remplacer ses éléments constitutifs par des éléments équivalents sans, pour autant, sortir du cadre de l'invention.It is understood that the present invention has only been described and shown as a preferred example and that its constituent elements can be replaced by equivalent elements without, however, departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1/ Transpondeur de mise à poste d'un satellite, caractérisé en ce que l'oscillateur local (44) du récepteur (40) est asservi sur un pilote à quartz (49) par une boucle de phase à bande étroite (42) sen période d'attente ou en l'absence de signal reçu, et en ce que cet oscillateur local (44) est asservi sur le signal d'entrée du récepteur par une boucle de phase à bande plus large (43) dès réception du signal, la boucle de phase à bande étroite (42) étant alors coupée automatiquement.1 / Transponder for setting up a satellite, characterized in that the local oscillator (44) of the receiver (40) is controlled on a quartz pilot (49) by a narrow band phase loop (42) sen waiting period or in the absence of a received signal, and in that this local oscillator (44) is slaved to the input signal of the receiver by a wider band phase loop (43) upon reception of the signal, the narrow band phase loop (42) then being automatically cut. 2/ Transpondeur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'émetteur (41) est à la même fréquence que l'oscillateur local (44) du récepteur en mode cohérent, en étant stabilisé par une boucle de phase identique au niveau plan de fréquence et composants à la boucle de phase à bande étroite étroite (42).2 / transponder according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmitter (41) is at the same frequency as the local oscillator (44) of the receiver in coherent mode, by being stabilized by a phase loop identical to the plane level of frequency and components to the narrow narrow band phase loop (42). 3/ Transpondeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les fréquences de référence sont délivrées par deux oscillateurs à quartz (49, 67) à basse fréquence, toutes les autres fréquences étant obtenues par division et comparées à ces fréquences références en mode attente pour le récepteur et en mode non cohérent pour l'émetteur.3 / Transponder according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the reference frequencies are delivered by two quartz oscillators (49, 67) at low frequency, all the other frequencies being obtained by division and compared with these reference frequencies in standby mode for the receiver and in non-coherent mode for the transmitter. 4/ Transpondeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précé­dentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend qu'un mul­tiplicateur (55) contenu implicitement dans un mélangeur harmonique de rang 3.4 / Transponder according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a multiplier (55) implicitly contained in a harmonic mixer of rank 3. 5/ Transpondeur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le récepteur (40) comporte :
- une boucle de phase à bande étroite (42) qui comprend un oscillateur commandé en tension (44) délivrant un signal 480 fr, un diviseur (45) par 40, un diviseur (46) par 6, un diviseur (47) par 2, un comparateur phase/fréquence (48) recevant d'une part le signal issu du diviseur (47) par 2, et d'autre part un signal fr issu d'un pilote à quartz (49), un interrupteur (50) recevant un signal de commande IA, un filtre de boucle (51) et un sommateur (52) ;
- une boucle de phase à bande large (43) qui comprend plusieurs circuits appartenant déjà à la boucle de phase à bande étroite (42), à savoir le sommateur (52), l'oscillateur commandé en tension (44), et les diviseurs (45) par 40 et (46) par 6 et de nouveaux circuits, à savoir : un premier mélangeur (53) qui issu de l'oscillateur commandé en tension (44), suivi d'un second mélangeur (54) qui reçoit le signal issu du diviseur (45) par 40 après multiplication par 3 (55), suivi d'un comparateur de phase (56) qui reçoit le signal issu du diviseur (46) par 6 et dont la sortie est reliée au sommateur (52) via un filtre de boucle (57).5 / transponder according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiver (40) comprises:
- a narrow band phase loop (42) which includes a voltage controlled oscillator (44) delivering a 480 fr signal, a divider (45) by 40, a divider (46) by 6, a divider (47) by 2 , a phase / frequency comparator (48) receiving on the one hand the signal coming from the divider (47) by 2, and on the other hand a signal fr coming from a quartz pilot (49), a switch (50) receiving a control signal IA, a loop filter (51) and a summator (52);
- a broadband phase loop (43) which comprises several circuits already belonging to the narrow-band phase loop (42), namely the summator (52), the voltage-controlled oscillator (44), and the dividers (45) by 40 and (46) by 6 and new ones circuits, namely: a first mixer (53) which comes from the voltage-controlled oscillator (44), followed by a second mixer (54) which receives the signal from the divider (45) by 40 after multiplication by 3 ( 55), followed by a phase comparator (56) which receives the signal from the divider (46) by 6 and whose output is connected to the summator (52) via a loop filter (57). 6/ Transpondeur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'émetteur (41) se compose des mêmes éléments que la boucle de phase en bande étroite, à savoir un oscillateur commandé en tension (60), un diviseur (61) par 40, un diviseur (62) par 6, un diviseur (63) par 2, un comparateur phase/fréquence (64) et un filtre de boucle (65) relié à l'oscillateur (60), et comporte de plus :
- un dérivateur (66) pour la modulation de phase hors bande de boucle, - un oscillateur à quartz (67) et un interrupteur (68) pour le fonctionnement en mode cohérent (liaison au récepteur (40)), ou en mode non cohérent (liaison à l'oscillateur (67)).6 / transponder according to claim 2, characterized in that the transmitter (41) consists of the same elements as the phase loop in narrow band, namely a voltage controlled oscillator (60), a divider (61) by 40 , a divider (62) by 6, a divider (63) by 2, a phase / frequency comparator (64) and a loop filter (65) connected to the oscillator (60), and further comprises:
- a shunt (66) for phase modulation outside the loop band, - a quartz oscillator (67) and a switch (68) for operation in coherent mode (connection to the receiver (40)), or in non-coherent mode (connection to the oscillator (67)). 7/ Transpondeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications pré­cédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit transpondeur est un transpondeur bande S.7 / Transponder according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said transponder is an S-band transponder.
EP90117358A 1989-09-14 1990-09-10 Transponder used for positioning of a satellite Expired - Lifetime EP0417682B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8912043 1989-09-14
FR8912043A FR2651937B1 (en) 1989-09-14 1989-09-14 TRANSPONDER FOR POSTING A SATELLITE.

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EP (1) EP0417682B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH03112224A (en)
CA (1) CA2025240A1 (en)
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FR (1) FR2651937B1 (en)

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Also Published As

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EP0417682B1 (en) 1993-12-08
JPH03112224A (en) 1991-05-13
DE69005066D1 (en) 1994-01-20
CA2025240A1 (en) 1991-03-15
US5163160A (en) 1992-11-10
FR2651937B1 (en) 1994-04-08
FR2651937A1 (en) 1991-03-15

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