EP0417263B1 - Control device and process for drilling by vibration analysis - Google Patents

Control device and process for drilling by vibration analysis Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0417263B1
EP0417263B1 EP90906252A EP90906252A EP0417263B1 EP 0417263 B1 EP0417263 B1 EP 0417263B1 EP 90906252 A EP90906252 A EP 90906252A EP 90906252 A EP90906252 A EP 90906252A EP 0417263 B1 EP0417263 B1 EP 0417263B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
drilling
signal
frequency band
order
pass
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EP90906252A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0417263A1 (en
Inventor
Henry Henneuse
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Elf Exploration Production SAS
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Societe National Elf Aquitaine
Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine Production SA
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Priority to AT90906252T priority Critical patent/ATE102289T1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
    • E21B44/005—Below-ground automatic control systems
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B12/00—Accessories for drilling tools
    • E21B12/02—Wear indicators
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for the auditory representation of the mechanical phenomena of a borehole and its use in a method of conducting the borehole.
  • Such a method makes it possible to know the lithological properties of the rocks attacked by the drilling tool by taking with the aid of an accelerometer the speed of rotation of the drilling rod and taking with the help of strain gauges of the signals. corresponding to the vibrational stresses to which the rod is subjected.
  • a signal is obtained which allows, by this process, to know the lithological properties of the rocks attacked by the tool.
  • a first object of the invention is to propose a device making it possible, after processing a signal, to deduce information relating to phenomena such as the recovery of the bottom of the drill bit or the jamming then relaxation by adhesion of the drill bit against the wall, or the rupture of certain teeth of the drill bit or finally the failure to recover the bottom of the drill bit.
  • the auditory representation device of the mechanical phenomena of the interaction between a drilling tool and the drilled rock comprises means for collecting, by an accelerometric sensor at a point located on the drilling string, a signal vibratory representative of the vibration of the tool on the working face, means (45, 31, 32) for filtering the signal in a frequency band from 10 to 200 Hz, characterized in that the device comprises means for amplification for the filtered signal suitable for making this signal audible to an operator in order to deduce therefrom information on the conduct of drilling.
  • the filtering means are constituted by identical cells of second order high pass active filter selectively put in series with identical cells with second order low pass active filter to constitute the frequencies of cut off the frequency band.
  • the frequency band is from 20 to 200 Hz for a downhole motor.
  • the frequency band is from 10 to 100 Hz for a surface motor.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a simple device, easily transportable and usable on a drilling site.
  • the device comprises means of autonomous supply by battery of the sensor and of the processing circuits.
  • a final object of the invention is to propose a use of the device in a method of conducting a drilling.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown in (1) a drilling derrick, in (2) the upper part of the derrick carrying the set of fixed pulleys (3).
  • This series of pulleys (3) is connected to the block carrying the set of movable pulleys (5) by a set of cables (4).
  • To this block (5) is fixed a hook (6) which supports an injection head (7).
  • the upper part of this injection head (7) is fixed while the lower part is movable in rotation by means of a rolling system.
  • An injection hose (8) is connected, on the one hand to the injection head (7) and, on the other hand to all of the slurry pumps not shown in the drawing.
  • the rotary drive rod (9) of the drill string is shown in square form and in the following we will simply call it a square rod.
  • This rod (9) is rotated by the rotation table (10) itself driven by a motor not shown.
  • the reference (11) schematically represents a wellbore into which the drill string (12) penetrates.
  • This drill string (12) is provided at its lower part with a drilling tool (20).
  • a measuring device (13) is interposed between the injection head and the square rod.
  • this device (13) can be fixed on the injection head (7).
  • This measuring device (13) is connected by a cable (14) to the device (45) allowing the processing of electrical graders.
  • the measuring device consists of an accelerometric sensor (140) which transforms the variations in acceleration from the end of the rod into an analog electrical signal.
  • This analog electrical signal is processed by the processing device (45) of Figure 4, consisting of an amplification circuit, shown in Figure 2, a filtering circuit shown in Figure 3, again from a preamplification (47, 470) of the filtered signal to then exit on a conventional audio amplifier (46) allowing listening to the signal thus obtained.
  • the signal delivered by the sensor (140) is sent to the input of an amplifier whose loop-back resistance of the output on the input can be modified by a rotary contact (40) which makes it possible to selectively relate one of the resistors (400, 401, 402, 403) between the output and the input of the amplifier (404).
  • a second amplifier (41) includes in its loop-back circuit a variable resistor (410) which makes it possible to carry out fine tuning within the selected amplification range.
  • the output signal of the amplifier (41) is sent, on the one hand to the input of the filtering circuit of FIG. 3 and on the other hand, via a peak detector circuit (420) on the display (42) of FIG. 4.
  • the output signal of the amplifier (41) is sent via a rectifier circuit (43) and an integrator circuit (44) to an output (S2) of the measuring device.
  • the signal arrives at the input (30) of a set of filters constituted by two cells of active low-pass filters of the second order (31a, 31b) followed by four cells of active high-pass filters of the second order (32a, 32b, 32c, 32d) and two second order low pass active filter cells (31c, 31d).
  • These filters can be connected in series with each other or be short-circuited totally or partially depending on the position of the buttons of the rotary contacts (490, 491).
  • the output (33) of the filtering circuit is sent to the input of a second preamplification circuit (47, 470,48) of the same type as that described in FIG. 2.
  • This second preamplification circuit sends its output signal provided by the output of the amplifier (470) to an audio amplification circuit (46) of conventional constitution well known to those skilled in the art for delivering on a headphone jack the signal resulting from the processing of the invention and allowing to follow the evolution of drilling.
  • Each second-order low-pass filter cell is constituted in the same way as the cell (31a) and comprises two resistors (310, 311) connected in series to the negative input of a differential amplifier (313), the positive input is connected by a resistor (312) to ground.
  • the point common to the two resistors (310, 311) is connected on the one hand by the capacitor (316) to ground and, on the other hand by a resistance (315) at the output of the amplifier (313).
  • the output of the amplifier (313) is also connected by a capacitor (314) to the negative input of this amplifier (313).
  • Each high-pass filter cell is constituted in the same way as the cell (32a) and comprises two capacitors (320, 321) connected in series and connected to the negative input of a differential amplifier (323) whose input positive is connected by a resistor (322) to ground.
  • the point common to the two capacitors (320, 321) is connected, on the one hand by a resistor (326) to ground, and on the other hand by a capacitor (325) at the output of the amplifier (323).
  • the output of the amplifier (323) is also connected by a resistor (324) to the input of the differential amplifier (323).
  • the filter thus constituted by a succession of cells (31a to 31d) and (32a to 32d) makes it possible to filter the signal delivered by the preamp in the frequency band from 10 to 200 Hz according to the positions taken by the buttons of the rotary contacts ( 490, 491)
  • the button (490) is in the position (490d, fig 4) the contact (490 D, fig 3) corresponding is closed and connects the input of the cell (32a) to the output of the cell (32d) , thus short-circuiting all the high-pass cells (32a to 32d).
  • This filter (32d) has its resistive and capacitive elements calculated to establish the cutoff frequency at 10 Hz.
  • the button (490, fig 4) When the button (490, fig 4) is in the position (490b, fig 4) the corresponding contact (490B, fig 3) is closed and connects the cell inlet (32a) to the cell outlet (32b) thus short-circuiting the cells (32a) and (32b).
  • the resistive and capacitive elements of the cell (32c) are calculated so that the two cells (32c, 32d) put in series have a cutoff frequency of 20 Hz.
  • the button (490) When the button (490) is in the position (490a, fig 4) the corresponding contact (490A) connects the input of the cell (32a) to its output.
  • the cells (32b) to (32d) are in series and the resistive and capacitive elements of the cell (32b) are calculated to establish the cutoff frequency of all three cells in series at 30 Hz.
  • the button (491) By pressing the button (491) it is possible to select the low-pass filter cells introduced into the filtering circuit.
  • the button (491) When the button (491) is in the position (491abc) the cells (31a) and (31b) are short-circuited by the closed contact (491 AB) connecting the input of the cell (31a) to the output of (31b ) and the cell (31c) is also short-circuited by the closed contact (491C) connecting the input of (31c) to its output.
  • the resistive and capacitive elements of the cell (31d) are calculated to establish the cutoff frequency at 200 Hz.
  • the cells (31a) and (31b) are short-circuited by the contact (491AB).
  • the resistive and capacitive elements of the cell (31c) are calculated so that the cut-off frequency of the assembly formed by the two cells (31c) and (31d) put in series is 150 Hz.
  • the contact (491A) is closed and connects the input of the cell (31a) directly to its output.
  • the elements of (31b) are calculated so that the filter constituted by the series association of the 3 cells (31b, 31c, 31d) has a cut-off frequency of 100 Hz.
  • the signal thus filtered is then transmitted to a second preamp and to an audio amplifier making it possible to deliver an audio signal to a headphone jack.
  • the listening or viewing device is provided with an autonomous battery supply.
  • the signal delivered in the frequency band from 10 to 200 Hz makes it possible to detect by listening the anomalies which can occur during drilling.
  • the signal thus filtered eliminates all the other noises due to drilling, such as for example the noises of mud, and retains only the noises corresponding to the contact of the drill bit with the drilling. In this way an experienced man can take adequate corrective action based on the observations made.

Abstract

Device for the auditory and/or visual representation of mechanical phenomena in the interaction between a drilling tool and rock being drilled, characterised by the fact that it includes a means of picking up a vibratory signal representing the vibration of the tool at the cutting face using an accelerometric sensor at a specific point on the drilling stem and means (45, 31, 31) for filtering the signal in the frequency band of 10 to 200 Hz.

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de représentation auditive des phénomènes mécaniques d'un forage et son utilisation dans un procédé de conduite du forage.The present invention relates to a device for the auditory representation of the mechanical phenomena of a borehole and its use in a method of conducting the borehole.

Il est connu par la demande de brevet français 1 587 350 un procédé de mesure des caractéristiques mécaniques des roches en cours de forage et un dispositif permettant la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé.It is known from French patent application 1,587,350 a method for measuring the mechanical characteristics of rocks during drilling and a device allowing the implementation of said method.

Un tel procédé permet de connaître les propriétés lithologiques des roches attaquées par l'outil de forage en prélevant à l'aide d'un accéléromètre la vitesse de rotation de la tige de forage et en prélevant à l'aide de jauges de déformation des signaux correspondant aux contraintes vibratoires auxquelles la tige est soumise. Par traitement de ces signaux dans des circuits analogiques on obtient un signal qui permet, par ce procédé, de connaître les propriétés lithologiques des roches attaquées par l'outil.Such a method makes it possible to know the lithological properties of the rocks attacked by the drilling tool by taking with the aid of an accelerometer the speed of rotation of the drilling rod and taking with the help of strain gauges of the signals. corresponding to the vibrational stresses to which the rod is subjected. By processing these signals in analog circuits, a signal is obtained which allows, by this process, to know the lithological properties of the rocks attacked by the tool.

Par la demande de certificat d'addition 96 617 au brevet d'invention 1 590 327, il est également connu un procédé de mesure des caractéristiques lithologiques des roches en cours de forage, consistant à sélectionner les composantes d'un signal délivré par un capteur de pression mesurant la pression de la colonne de boues et à sélectionner ce signal dans une bande de fréquence centrée sur une fréquence égale au produit de rotation de l'outil par les nombres caractéristiques de la disposition des éléments actifs de l'outil.By the request for certificate of addition 96 617 to the patent of invention 1 590 327, it is also known a method for measuring the lithological characteristics of rocks during drilling, consisting in selecting the components of a signal delivered by a sensor pressure measuring the pressure of the sludge column and selecting this signal in a frequency band centered on a frequency equal to the product of rotation of the tool by the numbers characteristic of the arrangement of the active elements of the tool.

Toutefois ces dispositifs ne permettent pas d'en déduire des informations concernant le déroulement du forage.However, these devices do not make it possible to deduce therefrom information concerning the progress of the drilling.

Un premier but de l'invention est de proposer un dispositif permettant, après traitement d'un signal, de déduire des informations concernant des phénomènes tels que la reprise de fond du trépan ou le coincement puis la relaxation par adhésion du trépan contre la paroi, ou la rupture de certaines dents du trépan ou enfin la non reprise de fond du trépan.A first object of the invention is to propose a device making it possible, after processing a signal, to deduce information relating to phenomena such as the recovery of the bottom of the drill bit or the jamming then relaxation by adhesion of the drill bit against the wall, or the rupture of certain teeth of the drill bit or finally the failure to recover the bottom of the drill bit.

Ce but est atteint par le fait que le dispositif de représentation auditive des phénomènes mécaniques de l'interaction entre un outil de forage et la roche forée comporte des moyens de recueillir par un capteur accélérométrique en un point localisé sur la garniture de forage, un signal vibratoire représentatif de la vibration de l'outil sur le front de taille, des moyens (45, 31, 32) de filtrer le signal dans une bande de fréquence de 10 à 200 Hz, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif comprend des moyens d'amplification pour le signal filtré propres à rendre ce signal audible à un opérateur pour en déduire des informations sur la conduite du forage.This object is achieved by the fact that the auditory representation device of the mechanical phenomena of the interaction between a drilling tool and the drilled rock comprises means for collecting, by an accelerometric sensor at a point located on the drilling string, a signal vibratory representative of the vibration of the tool on the working face, means (45, 31, 32) for filtering the signal in a frequency band from 10 to 200 Hz, characterized in that the device comprises means for amplification for the filtered signal suitable for making this signal audible to an operator in order to deduce therefrom information on the conduct of drilling.

Selon une autre particularité de l'invention, les moyens de filtrages sont constitués par des cellules identiques de filtre actif passe-haut du deuxième ordre mises sélectivement en série avec des cellules identiques à filtre actif passe-bas du deuxième ordre pour constituer les fréquences de coupure de la bande de fréquence.According to another feature of the invention, the filtering means are constituted by identical cells of second order high pass active filter selectively put in series with identical cells with second order low pass active filter to constitute the frequencies of cut off the frequency band.

Selon une particularité de l'invention, la bande de fréquence est de 20 à 200 Hz pour un moteur de fond.According to a feature of the invention, the frequency band is from 20 to 200 Hz for a downhole motor.

Selon une autre particularité de l'invention, la bande de fréquence est de 10 à 100 Hz pour un moteur de surface.According to another feature of the invention, the frequency band is from 10 to 100 Hz for a surface motor.

Un autre but de l'invention est de proposer un dispositif simple, facilement transportable et utilisable sur un chantier de forage.Another object of the invention is to propose a simple device, easily transportable and usable on a drilling site.

Ce but est atteint par le fait que le dispositif comporte des moyens d'alimentation autonome par batterie du capteur et des circuits de traitement.This object is achieved by the fact that the device comprises means of autonomous supply by battery of the sensor and of the processing circuits.

Un dernier but de l'invention est de proposer une utilisation du dispositif dans un procédé de conduite d'un forage.A final object of the invention is to propose a use of the device in a method of conducting a drilling.

Ce but est atteint par le fait que l'utilisation consiste

  • à filtrer le signal délivré par un capteur accélérométrique pour conserver le spectre compris dans la bande de fréquence de 10 à 200 Hz;
  • à écouter ce signal filtré pour en déduire des informations sur la conduite du forage;
  • à prendre les mesures correctives nécessaires déduites des informations obtenues à l'étape précédente.
This object is achieved by the fact that the use consists
  • filtering the signal delivered by an accelerometric sensor to preserve the spectrum included in the frequency band from 10 to 200 Hz;
  • listening to this filtered signal to deduce therefrom information on the conduct of drilling;
  • to take the necessary corrective measures deduced from the information obtained in the previous step.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description ci-après faite en références aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 représente un schéma d'ensemble du dispositif monté sur un appareil de forage ;
  • la figure 2 représente le schéma fonctionnel du circuit électronique de pré-amplification ;
  • la figure 3 représente le schéma du circuit de filtrage de l'invention ;
  • la figure 4 représente une vue de la face avant de l'appareil de l'invention.
Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear more clearly on reading the description below made with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 shows an overall diagram of the device mounted on a drilling rig;
  • FIG. 2 represents the functional diagram of the electronic pre-amplification circuit;
  • FIG. 3 represents the diagram of the filtering circuit of the invention;
  • FIG. 4 represents a view of the front face of the apparatus of the invention.

Sur la figure 1 on a représenté en (1) un derrick de forage, en (2) la partie supérieure du derrick portant l'ensemble de poulies fixes (3). Cette série de poulies (3) est reliée au bloc portant l'ensemble de poulies mobiles (5) par un ensemble de câbles (4). A ce bloc (5) est fixé un crochet (6) qui supporte une tête d'injection (7). La partie supérieure de cette tête d'injection (7) est fixe alors que la partie inférieure est mobile en rotation par l'intermédiaire d'un système de roulement. Un flexible d'injection (8) est raccordé, d'une part à la tête d'injection (7) et, d'autre part à l'ensemble des pompes à boues non représenté sur le dessin.In Figure 1 there is shown in (1) a drilling derrick, in (2) the upper part of the derrick carrying the set of fixed pulleys (3). This series of pulleys (3) is connected to the block carrying the set of movable pulleys (5) by a set of cables (4). To this block (5) is fixed a hook (6) which supports an injection head (7). The upper part of this injection head (7) is fixed while the lower part is movable in rotation by means of a rolling system. An injection hose (8) is connected, on the one hand to the injection head (7) and, on the other hand to all of the slurry pumps not shown in the drawing.

La tige d'entraînement en rotation (9) de la garniture de forage est représentée de forme carrée et dans la suite on l'appellera simplement tige carrée. Cette tige (9) est entraînée en rotation par la table de rotation (10) elle-même entraînée par un moteur non représenté.The rotary drive rod (9) of the drill string is shown in square form and in the following we will simply call it a square rod. This rod (9) is rotated by the rotation table (10) itself driven by a motor not shown.

La référence (11) représente schématiquement un puits de forage dans lequel pénètre la garniture de forage (12). Cette garniture de forage (12) est munie à sa partie inférieure d'un outil de forage (20).The reference (11) schematically represents a wellbore into which the drill string (12) penetrates. This drill string (12) is provided at its lower part with a drilling tool (20).

Un dispositif de mesure (13) est intercalé entre la tête d'injection et la tige carrée. Dans une variante, ce dispositif (13) peut être fixé sur la tête d'injection (7). Ce dispositif de mesure (13) est relié par un câble (14) à l'appareil (45) permettant le traitement des gradeurs électriques.A measuring device (13) is interposed between the injection head and the square rod. In a variant, this device (13) can be fixed on the injection head (7). This measuring device (13) is connected by a cable (14) to the device (45) allowing the processing of electrical graders.

Le dispositif de mesure est constitué d'un capteur accélérométrique (140) qui transforme les variations d'accélération de l'extrémité de la tige en un signal électrique analogique. Ce signal électrique analogique est traité par le dispositif de traitement (45) de la figure 4, constitué d'un circuit d'amplification, représenté à la figure 2, d'un circuit de filtrage représenté à la figure 3, à nouveau d'une préamplification (47, 470) du signal filtré pour ensuite sortir sur un amplificateur audio (46) classique permettant une écoute du signal ainsi obtenu.The measuring device consists of an accelerometric sensor (140) which transforms the variations in acceleration from the end of the rod into an analog electrical signal. This analog electrical signal is processed by the processing device (45) of Figure 4, consisting of an amplification circuit, shown in Figure 2, a filtering circuit shown in Figure 3, again from a preamplification (47, 470) of the filtered signal to then exit on a conventional audio amplifier (46) allowing listening to the signal thus obtained.

Le signal délivré par le capteur (140) est envoyé à l'entrée d'un amplificateur dont la résistance de rebouclage de la sortie sur l'entrée peut être modifiée par un contact rotatif (40) qui permet de mettre sélectivement en relation une des résistances (400, 401, 402, 403) entre la sortie et l'entrée de l'amplificateur (404). A la sortie de cet amplificateur (404), un deuxième amplificateur (41) comporte dans son circuit de rebouclage une résistance variable (410) qui permet d'effectuer un règlage fin à l'intérieur de la plage d'amplification sélectionnée. Le signal de sortie de l'amplificateur (41) est envoyé, d'une part vers l'entrée du circuit de filtrage de la figure 3 et d'autre part, par l'intermédiaire d'un circuit détecteur de crête (420) à l'afficheur (42) de la figure 4. De plus le signal de sortie de l'amplificateur (41) est envoyé par l'intermédiaire d'un circuit redresseur (43) et d'un circuit intégrateur (44) vers une sortie (S2) de l'appareil de mesure. Le signal arrive à l'entrée (30) d'un ensemble de filtres constitué par deux cellules de filtres actifs passe-bas du deuxième ordre (31a, 31b) suivi de quatre cellules de filtres actifs passe-haut du deuxième ordre (32a, 32b, 32c, 32d) et de deux cellules de filtres actifs passe-bas du deuxième ordre (31c, 31d). Ces filtres peuvent être reliés en série les uns aux autres ou être court-circuités totalement ou en partie selon la position des boutons des contacts rotatifs (490, 491). La sortie (33) du circuit de filtrage est envoyée sur l'entrée d'un deuxième circuit de préamplification (47, 470,48) du même type que celui décrit à la figure 2. Ce deuxième circuit de préamplification envoie son signal de sortie fourni par la sortie de l'amplificateur (470) vers un circuit d'amplification audio (46) de constitution classique bien connue pour l'homme de métier pour délivrer sur une prise d'écouteur le signal résultant du traitement de l'invention et permettant de suivre l'évolution du forage.The signal delivered by the sensor (140) is sent to the input of an amplifier whose loop-back resistance of the output on the input can be modified by a rotary contact (40) which makes it possible to selectively relate one of the resistors (400, 401, 402, 403) between the output and the input of the amplifier (404). At the output of this amplifier (404), a second amplifier (41) includes in its loop-back circuit a variable resistor (410) which makes it possible to carry out fine tuning within the selected amplification range. The output signal of the amplifier (41) is sent, on the one hand to the input of the filtering circuit of FIG. 3 and on the other hand, via a peak detector circuit (420) on the display (42) of FIG. 4. In addition, the output signal of the amplifier (41) is sent via a rectifier circuit (43) and an integrator circuit (44) to an output (S2) of the measuring device. The signal arrives at the input (30) of a set of filters constituted by two cells of active low-pass filters of the second order (31a, 31b) followed by four cells of active high-pass filters of the second order (32a, 32b, 32c, 32d) and two second order low pass active filter cells (31c, 31d). These filters can be connected in series with each other or be short-circuited totally or partially depending on the position of the buttons of the rotary contacts (490, 491). The output (33) of the filtering circuit is sent to the input of a second preamplification circuit (47, 470,48) of the same type as that described in FIG. 2. This second preamplification circuit sends its output signal provided by the output of the amplifier (470) to an audio amplification circuit (46) of conventional constitution well known to those skilled in the art for delivering on a headphone jack the signal resulting from the processing of the invention and allowing to follow the evolution of drilling.

Chaque cellule de filtre passe-bas du deuxième ordre est constituée de la même façon que la cellule (31a) et comporte deux résistances (310, 311) reliées en série à l'entrée négative d'un amplificateur différentiel (313) dont l'entrée positive est branchée par une résistance (312) à la masse.Each second-order low-pass filter cell is constituted in the same way as the cell (31a) and comprises two resistors (310, 311) connected in series to the negative input of a differential amplifier (313), the positive input is connected by a resistor (312) to ground.

Le point commun aux deux résistances (310, 311) est relié d'une part par le condensateur (316) à la masse et, d'autre part par une résistance (315) à la sortie de l'amplificateur (313). La sortie de l'amplificateur (313) se trouve également reliée par un condensateur (314) à l'entrée négative de cet amplificateur (313).The point common to the two resistors (310, 311) is connected on the one hand by the capacitor (316) to ground and, on the other hand by a resistance (315) at the output of the amplifier (313). The output of the amplifier (313) is also connected by a capacitor (314) to the negative input of this amplifier (313).

Chaque cellule de filtre passe-haut est constituée de la même façon que la cellule (32a) et comporte deux condensateurs (320, 321) montés en série et reliés à l'entrée négative d'un amplificateur différentiel (323) dont l'entrée positive est reliée par une résistance (322) à la masse.Each high-pass filter cell is constituted in the same way as the cell (32a) and comprises two capacitors (320, 321) connected in series and connected to the negative input of a differential amplifier (323) whose input positive is connected by a resistor (322) to ground.

Le point commun aux deux condensateurs (320, 321) est relié, d'une part par une résistance (326) à la masse, et d'autre part par un condensateur (325) à la sortie de l'amplificateur (323).The point common to the two capacitors (320, 321) is connected, on the one hand by a resistor (326) to ground, and on the other hand by a capacitor (325) at the output of the amplifier (323).

La sortie de l'amplificateur (323) se trouve également reliée par une résistance (324) à l'entrée de l'amplificateur différentiel (323).The output of the amplifier (323) is also connected by a resistor (324) to the input of the differential amplifier (323).

Le filtre ainsi constitué par une succession de cellules (31a à 31d) et (32a à 32d) permet de filtrer le signal délivré par le préampli dans la bande de fréquence de 10 à 200 Hz selon les positions prises par les boutons des contacts rotatifs (490, 491)
   Ainsi, lorsque le bouton (490) est sur la position (490d, fig 4) le contact (490 D, fig 3) correspondant est fermé et relie l'entrée de la cellule (32a) à la sortie de la cellule (32d), court-circuitant ainsi l'ensemble des cellules passe-haut (32a à 32d).The filter thus constituted by a succession of cells (31a to 31d) and (32a to 32d) makes it possible to filter the signal delivered by the preamp in the frequency band from 10 to 200 Hz according to the positions taken by the buttons of the rotary contacts ( 490, 491)
Thus, when the button (490) is in the position (490d, fig 4) the contact (490 D, fig 3) corresponding is closed and connects the input of the cell (32a) to the output of the cell (32d) , thus short-circuiting all the high-pass cells (32a to 32d).

Lorsque le bouton (490) est sur la position (490c, fig4), le contact correspondant (490 C) est fermé et relie l'entrée de la cellule (32a) à la sortie de la cellule (32c), court-circuitant ainsi les cellules (32a à 32c) et maintenant ainsi le filtre passe-haut (32d) dans le circuit. Ce filtre (32d) a ses éléments résistifs et capacitifs calculés pour établir la fréquence de coupure à 10 Hz.When the button (490) is in the position (490c, fig4), the corresponding contact (490 C) is closed and connects the cell inlet (32a) to the cell outlet (32c), thus short-circuiting cells (32a to 32c) and thus maintaining the high pass filter (32d) in the circuit. This filter (32d) has its resistive and capacitive elements calculated to establish the cutoff frequency at 10 Hz.

Lorsque le bouton (490, fig 4) est sur la position (490b, fig 4) le contact correspondant (490B, fig 3) est fermé et relie l'entrée de la cellule (32a) à la sortie de la cellule (32b) court-circuitant ainsi les cellules (32a) et (32b). Les éléments résistifs et capacitifs de la cellule (32c) sont calculés pour que les deux cellules (32c, 32d) mises en série aient une fréquence de coupure de 20 Hz.When the button (490, fig 4) is in the position (490b, fig 4) the corresponding contact (490B, fig 3) is closed and connects the cell inlet (32a) to the cell outlet (32b) thus short-circuiting the cells (32a) and (32b). The resistive and capacitive elements of the cell (32c) are calculated so that the two cells (32c, 32d) put in series have a cutoff frequency of 20 Hz.

Lorsque le bouton (490) est sur la position (490a, fig 4) le contact correspondant (490A) relie l'entrée de la cellule (32a) à sa sortie. Les cellules (32b) à (32d) sont en série et les éléments résistifs et capacitifs de la cellule (32b) sont calculés pour établir la fréquence de coupure de l'ensemble des trois cellules en série à 30 Hz.When the button (490) is in the position (490a, fig 4) the corresponding contact (490A) connects the input of the cell (32a) to its output. The cells (32b) to (32d) are in series and the resistive and capacitive elements of the cell (32b) are calculated to establish the cutoff frequency of all three cells in series at 30 Hz.

Enfin, lorsque le bouton (490) est sur la position (490e) aucun contact n'est fermé et les quatre cellules (32a à 32d) sont en série. Les éléments résistifs et capacitifs de la cellule (32a) sont calculés pour que la fréquence de coupure de l'ensemble des quatre cellules mises en série soit de 40 Hz.Finally, when the button (490) is in the position (490e) no contact is closed and the four cells (32a to 32d) are in series. The resistive and capacitive elements of the cell (32a) are calculated so that the cut-off frequency of all four cells put in series is 40 Hz.

De même, par action sur le bouton (491) il est possible de sélectionner les cellules de filtre passe-bas introduites dans le circuit de filtrage. Lorsque le bouton (491) est sur la position (491abc) les cellules (31a) et (31b) sont court-circuitées par le contact fermé (491 AB) reliant l'entrée de la cellule (31a) à la sortie de (31b) et la cellule (31c) est également court-circuitée par le contact fermé (491C) reliant l'entrée de (31c) à sa sortie. Les éléments résistifs et capacitifs de la cellule (31d) sont calculés pour établir la fréquence de coupure à 200 Hz.Similarly, by pressing the button (491) it is possible to select the low-pass filter cells introduced into the filtering circuit. When the button (491) is in the position (491abc) the cells (31a) and (31b) are short-circuited by the closed contact (491 AB) connecting the input of the cell (31a) to the output of (31b ) and the cell (31c) is also short-circuited by the closed contact (491C) connecting the input of (31c) to its output. The resistive and capacitive elements of the cell (31d) are calculated to establish the cutoff frequency at 200 Hz.

Lorsque le bouton (491) est sur la position (491ab), les cellules (31a) et (31b) sont court-circuitées par le contact (491AB). Les éléments résistifs et capacitifs de la cellule (31c) sont calculés pour que la fréquence de coupure de l'ensemble formé par les deux cellules (31c) et (31d) mises en série soit de 150 Hz.When the button (491) is in the position (491ab), the cells (31a) and (31b) are short-circuited by the contact (491AB). The resistive and capacitive elements of the cell (31c) are calculated so that the cut-off frequency of the assembly formed by the two cells (31c) and (31d) put in series is 150 Hz.

Lorsque le bouton (491) est sur la position (491a), le contact (491A) est fermé et relie l'entrée de la cellule (31a) directement à sa sortie. Les éléments de (31b) sont calculés pour que le filtre constitué par l'association en série des 3 cellules (31b, 31c, 31d) aient une fréquence de coupure de 100 Hz.When the button (491) is in the position (491a), the contact (491A) is closed and connects the input of the cell (31a) directly to its output. The elements of (31b) are calculated so that the filter constituted by the series association of the 3 cells (31b, 31c, 31d) has a cut-off frequency of 100 Hz.

Lorsque le bouton (491) est sur la position (491e) aucune cellule (31a à 31d) n'est court-circuitée et l'ensemble de ces cellules a une fréquence de coupure de 50 Hz.When the button (491) is in the position (491e) no cell (31a to 31d) is short-circuited and all of these cells have a cut-off frequency of 50 Hz.

Enfin, lorsque le bouton (491) est sur la position (491abcd) les contacts (491AB) et (491CD) sont fermés et l'ensemble des cellules (31a) à (31d) est court-circuité.Finally, when the button (491) is in the position (491abcd) the contacts (491AB) and (491CD) are closed and all the cells (31a) to (31d) are short-circuited.

Le signal ainsi filtré est ensuite transmis à un deuxième préampli et à un amplificateur audio permettant de déliver un signal audio à une prise de casque haut-parleur. Le dispositif d'écoute ou de visualisation est pourvu d'une alimentation autonome par batterie. Le signal délivré dans la bande de fréquence de 10 à 200 Hz permet de détecter par l'écoute les anomalies qui peuvent se produire lors du forage. De façon surprenante on a constaté que le signal ainsi filtré éliminait touts les autres bruits dûs au forage, tels que par exemple les bruits de boues, et conservait uniquement les bruits correspondant au contact du trépan avec le forage. De cette façon un homme expérimenté peut prendre les mesures correctives adéquates en fonction des observations effectuées. En particulier on peut ainsi déterminer la reprise de fond de l'outil, ou déterminer si l'outil comporte une dissymétrie suite à une rupture de dent, ou si l'outil a rencontré un obstacle lors de sa descente sans pour autant avoir atteint le fond du forage, ou encore le coincement puis la relaxation par adhésion du trépan contre la paroi.The signal thus filtered is then transmitted to a second preamp and to an audio amplifier making it possible to deliver an audio signal to a headphone jack. The listening or viewing device is provided with an autonomous battery supply. The signal delivered in the frequency band from 10 to 200 Hz makes it possible to detect by listening the anomalies which can occur during drilling. Surprisingly, it has been found that the signal thus filtered eliminates all the other noises due to drilling, such as for example the noises of mud, and retains only the noises corresponding to the contact of the drill bit with the drilling. In this way an experienced man can take adequate corrective action based on the observations made. In particular, it is thus possible to determine the bottom recovery of the tool, or to determine if the tool has an asymmetry following a tooth breakage, or if the tool has encountered an obstacle during its descent without having reached the bottom of the drilling, or even the jamming then the relaxation by adhesion of the drill bit against the wall.

Pour un moteur installé au fond du forage on a constaté que la bande de fréquence de 20 à 200 Hz donnait les meilleurs résultats. Par contre, pour un moteur de surface il est préférable de travailler dans une plage de fréquence de 10 à 100 Hz. La sélection des plages de fréquence se fait à l'aide des boutons (490, 491, fig 4).For an engine installed at the bottom of the borehole it was found that the frequency band from 20 to 200 Hz gave the best results. On the other hand, for a surface motor it is preferable to work in a frequency range of 10 to 100 Hz. The selection of the frequency ranges is made using the buttons (490, 491, fig 4).

Claims (7)

  1. Device for the auditory representation of mechanical phenomena of the interaction between a drilling tool and the rock drilled, comprising means for collecting a vibratory signal representative of the vibration of the tool on the working face by means of an accelerometric pick-up at a point located on the drilling gear, and means (45, 31, 32) for filtering the signal in a frequency band of from 10 to 200 Hz, characterised in that the device comprises means for amplifying the filtered signal, the means being suitable for making the signal audible to an operator in order to deduce therefrom information regarding the conduct of the drilling.
  2. Device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the frequency band of the filter means is from 20 to 200 Hz for a downhole motor.
  3. Device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the frequency band of the filter means is from 10 to 100 Hz for a motor on the surface.
  4. Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that it comprises means for supplying the pick-up and the processing circuits (40 to 49) independently by battery.
  5. Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the filter means are constituted by identical, second-order, high-pass, active filter cells (32a to 32d) which are put selectively in series with identical second-order, low-pass, active filter cells (31a to 31d) in order to establish the cut-off frequencies of the frequency band.
  6. Device according to Claim 5, characterised in that the high-pass and low-pass filter cells are put in series selectively by respective rotary switches (490, 491).
  7. Use of the device according to any one of the preceding claims in a method for carrying out drilling, characterised in that it consists of:
    - filtering the signal supplied by an accelerometric pick-up in order to retain the spectrum within the frequency band from 10 to 200 Hz;
    - listening to the filtered signal in order to deduce therefrom information regarding the conduct of the drilling;
    - taking necessary corrective measures deduced from the information obtained in the previous step.
EP90906252A 1989-03-31 1990-03-30 Control device and process for drilling by vibration analysis Expired - Lifetime EP0417263B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90906252T ATE102289T1 (en) 1989-03-31 1990-03-30 DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A HOLE BY ANALYZING THE VIBRATIONS.

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FR8904234A FR2645205B1 (en) 1989-03-31 1989-03-31 DEVICE FOR AUDITIVE AND / OR VISUAL REPRESENTATION OF MECHANICAL PHENOMENAS IN A WELL AND USE OF THE DEVICE IN A METHOD OF CONDUCTING A WELL
FR8904234 1989-03-31

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EP0417263A1 EP0417263A1 (en) 1991-03-20
EP0417263B1 true EP0417263B1 (en) 1994-03-02

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EP (1) EP0417263B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2718822B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2030520C (en)
DE (1) DE69006986T2 (en)
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NO (1) NO300744B1 (en)
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US5141061A (en) 1992-08-25
DE69006986T2 (en) 1994-09-08
NO300744B1 (en) 1997-07-14
DE69006986D1 (en) 1994-04-07
JPH03505110A (en) 1991-11-07
FR2645205B1 (en) 1991-06-07
EP0417263A1 (en) 1991-03-20
FR2645205A1 (en) 1990-10-05
CA2030520C (en) 1997-11-18
JP2718822B2 (en) 1998-02-25
WO1990012195A1 (en) 1990-10-18
OA09275A (en) 1992-08-31
NO905098D0 (en) 1990-11-26
NO905098L (en) 1991-01-22
CA2030520A1 (en) 1990-10-01

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