EP0416418B1 - Method of making rocker arm - Google Patents
Method of making rocker arm Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0416418B1 EP0416418B1 EP19900116371 EP90116371A EP0416418B1 EP 0416418 B1 EP0416418 B1 EP 0416418B1 EP 19900116371 EP19900116371 EP 19900116371 EP 90116371 A EP90116371 A EP 90116371A EP 0416418 B1 EP0416418 B1 EP 0416418B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- rocker arm
- amount
- added
- cast iron
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910014458 Ca-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910017060 Fe Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910002544 Fe-Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 tungsten carbides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000016254 weariness Diseases 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of making a rocker arm utilizable as an element of a valve mechanism in an automotive internal combustion engine.
- Anti-wear rocker arms as described in JP A Sho 63-303030, (& GB-A-2205108) are producible as one piece from high chrome cast iron by casting.
- the anti-wear property is resulted from high-hardness carbides such as (Fe, Cr) 7 C 3 in the matrix.
- Patent Abstracts of Japan, JP-A 53-1122 (1978) relates to high carbon, high chromium cast iron, wherein cast iron consisting of 3.2 % C, 0.2 - 1.5 % Si, 0.2 - 1.5 % Mn, 15 - 20 % Cr, 1.0 - 3.0 % V, further containing 0.3 - 3.0 % Mo and 0.3 - 3.0 % Ni is melted and the resulting molten metal is inoculated with 0,6 % Ca-Si.
- DE-OS 27 38 379 is directed to a method for refining molten iron and steel bath, by adding a composite clad material, containing a core of e.g. calcium base alloys with a sheath of iron, into the molten iron and steel bath.
- a composite clad material containing a core of e.g. calcium base alloys with a sheath of iron
- High-hardness Fe-Cr-composite carbides tend to form a directional solidification in which acicular precipitates direct to the casting surface.
- the acicular carbides abrase the sliding surface of the associated cam member.
- acicular carbides can be rounded or globulized when tungsten is added in an amount of more than 10% by weight to the high chrome cast iron.
- it can not be a solution of the problem, because the addition of more than 10% of tungsten is costly, what is worse, produces tungsten carbides that are highly hard and abrasive to the cam member.
- the invention as claimed is intended to solve the problem as described above and has an object to provide a method of manufacturing a rocker arm that is less abrasive to the cam member associated. This problem is solved by the method defined in the claim.
- the invention is achieved as a result of extensive research made from a finding that an addition agent for treating molten high chrome cast iron is effective to globulize Fe-Cr-composite carbides.
- a Ca-Si base addition agent is added in an amount of 0.3 to 0.6% by weight to a molten metal in a process of casting a rocker arm as one piece from high chrome cast iron.
- the Ca-Si base addition agent contains about 30% of Ca, about 60% of Si, and about 10% of impurities.
- One or more of Sr, Zr, and Ce is added in an amount of 05 to 5% by weight to the agent.
- the high chrome cast iron comprises by weight, of C: 2.5-3.7%, Si: 1.0-2.0%, Mn: 0.5-1.0%, Cr: 15-20%, Ni: 0.3-0.7%, P: no more than 0.3%, S: no more than 1.0%, and Fe and unavoidable impurities: the balance.
- the cast iron may additionally contain one or more of W, Mo, Nb, Ta, Ti, and B in an amount of 3 to 10%, by weight, if necessary.
- the Ca-Si base addition agent When the Ca-Si base addition agent is added to the molten metal not as a deoxidizer but as a globulizer, it is added in an amount of no less than 0.3% by weight.
- the amount of less than 0.3% of the agent is insufficient to round carbide precipitates or achieve the object of the present invention.
- the amount of more than 0.6% increase cost without more improvement of the roundness. Therefore, the addition agent is to the molten metal in an amount of 0.3 to 0.6% by weight.
- the Ca-Si base addition agent is moderate in reaction, operable with ease, and contributable to a high yield.
- the inventive method of casting a rocker arm as one piece from high chrome cast iron is characterized in that a Ca-Si base addition agent is added to the molten metal in an amount of 0.3 to 0.6% by weight.
- the Ca-Si base addition agent is effective not only to deoxidize the molten metal but also to globulize precipitates of Fe-Cr carbide.
- the method of the invention can produce a rocker arm of the type having globular precipitates of Fe-Cr carbide. This results to advantages that the rocker arm is the same in abrasion resistance as the conventional but less aggressive against the other member and that the cam member is less worn when coupled with the inventive rocker arm than when coupled with the conventional one.
- the molten metal of each sample was treated with the individual agent of which the content, amount and elements added are given in Table 1. Every sample was hardened and tempered in the same way after casting. The samples were classified to 7 Examples and 2 Comparisons on the basis of the composition of the addition agent. Examples and Comparisons except Examples 1, 4, 5 and 7 were etched and photomicrographed as illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 5. The photomicrographs show white carbide grains distributed in the black pearlitic matrix. Each photomicrograph was analyzed by an image analyzer by which both the real and circumcircular areas of each carbide grain were measured for calculation of the ratio of the former to the latter. The average value of the ratios indicates the roundness or globularity of each of Examples and Comparisons. The values of globularity are also given in Table 1.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 Examples have carbides in the shape of globular grains.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show that Comparisons have carbides in the shape of sharp or acicular grains. This difference in shape of carbides is also understood from the values of globularity in Table 1. Examples have the globularities of more than 42% while Comparisons have the globularities of 28% and 32%. It is known that, when the rocker arm has the globularity of more than 40%, it is unaggressive against the associated cam member with the result that the cam member is improved in weariness.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Description
- The present invention relates to a method of making a rocker arm utilizable as an element of a valve mechanism in an automotive internal combustion engine.
- Anti-wear rocker arms, as described in JP A Sho 63-303030, (& GB-A-2205108) are producible as one piece from high chrome cast iron by casting. The anti-wear property is resulted from high-hardness carbides such as (Fe, Cr)7C3 in the matrix.
- Patent Abstracts of Japan, JP-A 53-1122 (1978) relates to high carbon, high chromium cast iron, wherein cast iron consisting of 3.2 % C, 0.2 - 1.5 % Si, 0.2 - 1.5 % Mn, 15 - 20 % Cr, 1.0 - 3.0 % V, further containing 0.3 - 3.0 % Mo and 0.3 - 3.0 % Ni is melted and the resulting molten metal is inoculated with 0,6 % Ca-Si.
- DE-OS 27 38 379 is directed to a method for refining molten iron and steel bath, by adding a composite clad material, containing a core of e.g. calcium base alloys with a sheath of iron, into the molten iron and steel bath.
- High-hardness Fe-Cr-composite carbides tend to form a directional solidification in which acicular precipitates direct to the casting surface. When a rocker arm makes a sliding engagement with a cam member, the acicular carbides abrase the sliding surface of the associated cam member. It is known that acicular carbides can be rounded or globulized when tungsten is added in an amount of more than 10% by weight to the high chrome cast iron. However, it can not be a solution of the problem, because the addition of more than 10% of tungsten is costly, what is worse, produces tungsten carbides that are highly hard and abrasive to the cam member.
- The invention as claimed is intended to solve the problem as described above and has an object to provide a method of manufacturing a rocker arm that is less abrasive to the cam member associated. This problem is solved by the method defined in the claim.
- The invention is achieved as a result of extensive research made from a finding that an addition agent for treating molten high chrome cast iron is effective to globulize Fe-Cr-composite carbides.
- In accordance with the invention, a Ca-Si base addition agent is added in an amount of 0.3 to 0.6% by weight to a molten metal in a process of casting a rocker arm as one piece from high chrome cast iron.
- The Ca-Si base addition agent contains about 30% of Ca, about 60% of Si, and about 10% of impurities. One or more of Sr, Zr, and Ce is added in an amount of 05 to 5% by weight to the agent.
- The high chrome cast iron comprises by weight, of C: 2.5-3.7%, Si: 1.0-2.0%, Mn: 0.5-1.0%, Cr: 15-20%, Ni: 0.3-0.7%, P: no more than 0.3%, S: no more than 1.0%, and Fe and unavoidable impurities: the balance. The cast iron may additionally contain one or more of W, Mo, Nb, Ta, Ti, and B in an amount of 3 to 10%, by weight, if necessary.
- When the Ca-Si base addition agent is added to the molten metal not as a deoxidizer but as a globulizer, it is added in an amount of no less than 0.3% by weight. The amount of less than 0.3% of the agent is insufficient to round carbide precipitates or achieve the object of the present invention. On the other hand, the amount of more than 0.6% increase cost without more improvement of the roundness. Therefore, the addition agent is to the molten metal in an amount of 0.3 to 0.6% by weight. The Ca-Si base addition agent is moderate in reaction, operable with ease, and contributable to a high yield.
- When such elements as Sr, Zr, and Ce are added to the Ca-Si base addition agent, the rounding of Fe-Cr carbides is accelerated. The reason for this are that these elements have not only an action to retard the fading of inoculation-effect but also a high deoxidation due to a strong affinity to oxygen. However, when these elements are added in an amount of less than 0.5% by weight, no desired effect is obtained, but in an amount of more than 5% by weight, no more improvement is expected. Therefore, the elements are added in amount of 0.5 to 5% by weight to the agent.
- The inventive method of casting a rocker arm as one piece from high chrome cast iron is characterized in that a Ca-Si base addition agent is added to the molten metal in an amount of 0.3 to 0.6% by weight. The Ca-Si base addition agent is effective not only to deoxidize the molten metal but also to globulize precipitates of Fe-Cr carbide. As compared with the conventional method in which the addition agent is given as a single deoxidizer to allow Fe-Cr carbides to form acicular precipitates, the method of the invention can produce a rocker arm of the type having globular precipitates of Fe-Cr carbide. This results to advantages that the rocker arm is the same in abrasion resistance as the conventional but less aggressive against the other member and that the cam member is less worn when coupled with the inventive rocker arm than when coupled with the conventional one.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 are photomicrographs showing the metal structure of Examples according to the present invention; and
- FIGS. 4 and 5 are photomicrographs showing the metal structure of Comparisons.
- The present invention is described in detail with the sample rocker arms made from high chrome cast iron of which the molten metal has the following composition by weight:
- C: 3.50%
- Si: 1.50%
- Mn: 0.70%
- Ni: 0.50%
- Cr: 18.00%
- Mo: 1.00%
- W : 5.00%
- Fe: Balance
- In the process of casting, the molten metal of each sample was treated with the individual agent of which the content, amount and elements added are given in Table 1. Every sample was hardened and tempered in the same way after casting. The samples were classified to 7 Examples and 2 Comparisons on the basis of the composition of the addition agent. Examples and Comparisons except Examples 1, 4, 5 and 7 were etched and photomicrographed as illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 5. The photomicrographs show white carbide grains distributed in the black pearlitic matrix. Each photomicrograph was analyzed by an image analyzer by which both the real and circumcircular areas of each carbide grain were measured for calculation of the ratio of the former to the latter. The average value of the ratios indicates the roundness or globularity of each of Examples and Comparisons. The values of globularity are also given in Table 1.
- As seen in FIGS. 1 to 3, Examples have carbides in the shape of globular grains. In contrast, FIGS. 4 and 5 show that Comparisons have carbides in the shape of sharp or acicular grains. This difference in shape of carbides is also understood from the values of globularity in Table 1. Examples have the globularities of more than 42% while Comparisons have the globularities of 28% and 32%. It is known that, when the rocker arm has the globularity of more than 40%, it is unaggressive against the associated cam member with the result that the cam member is improved in weariness.
Claims (1)
- A method of making a rocker arm from high chrome cast iron by casting, wherebya Ca-Si base addition agent containing about 30 % of Ca, about 60 % of Si, and about 10 % of impurities, is added in an amount of 0.3 to 0.6% by weight to the molten metal to globulize carbide precipitates, andat least one of Sr, Zr and Ce is added in an amount of 0.5 to 5.0% by weight to said Ca-Si base addition agent, andsaid high chrome cast iron comprises, by weight, 2.5 to 3.7% of C, 1.0 to 2.0% of Si, 0.5 to 1.0% of Mn, 15 to 20% of Cr, 0.3 to 0.7% of Ni, no more than 0.3% of P, no more than 1.0% of S, and, optionally, by weight, 3 to 10% of at least one of W, Mo, Nb, Ta, Ti, and B, balance Fe apart from impurities.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1231732A JP2914634B2 (en) | 1989-09-08 | 1989-09-08 | Rocker arm manufacturing method |
| JP231732/89 | 1989-09-08 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0416418A2 EP0416418A2 (en) | 1991-03-13 |
| EP0416418A3 EP0416418A3 (en) | 1992-06-10 |
| EP0416418B1 true EP0416418B1 (en) | 1996-11-06 |
Family
ID=16928167
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19900116371 Expired - Lifetime EP0416418B1 (en) | 1989-09-08 | 1990-08-27 | Method of making rocker arm |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0416418B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2914634B2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69029074T2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104087813B (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2016-01-27 | 宁国市正兴耐磨材料有限公司 | The extraordinary special mill ball in a kind of mine |
| CN109723513A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2019-05-07 | 丹阳市金长汽车部件有限公司 | A kind of engine valve rocker arm |
| CN108220760B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2021-05-14 | 中钢集团邢台机械轧辊有限公司 | Nb-containing high-chromium iron roller |
| CN112695242B (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2023-05-05 | 中钢集团邢台机械轧辊有限公司 | Cogging roll and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2045414C3 (en) * | 1970-09-15 | 1975-06-05 | Koerver & Nehring Gmbh, 4150 Krefeld | Use of an austenitic cast iron with lamellar graph for plain bearings, etc. |
| JPS5129493B2 (en) * | 1971-12-24 | 1976-08-26 | ||
| US4094666A (en) * | 1977-05-24 | 1978-06-13 | Metal Research Corporation | Method for refining molten iron and steels |
| DD254217A1 (en) * | 1982-08-02 | 1988-02-17 | Juergen Jahn | METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH-WEAR, IMPACT-RESISTANT CASTING PARTS |
| JPS63303030A (en) * | 1987-05-30 | 1988-12-09 | Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd | Locker arm |
| JP2657402B2 (en) * | 1987-09-08 | 1997-09-24 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Sliding structure combining sliding members |
-
1989
- 1989-09-08 JP JP1231732A patent/JP2914634B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-08-27 DE DE1990629074 patent/DE69029074T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-08-27 EP EP19900116371 patent/EP0416418B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69029074D1 (en) | 1996-12-12 |
| EP0416418A3 (en) | 1992-06-10 |
| EP0416418A2 (en) | 1991-03-13 |
| DE69029074T2 (en) | 1997-04-03 |
| JPH0397828A (en) | 1991-04-23 |
| JP2914634B2 (en) | 1999-07-05 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US5019332A (en) | Heat, corrosion, and wear resistant steel alloy | |
| WO2004067793A2 (en) | Corrosion and wear resistant alloy | |
| Stefanescu | Classification and basic metallurgy of cast iron | |
| US6800152B2 (en) | Process for making iron-based casting alloy | |
| US6258180B1 (en) | Wear resistant ductile iron | |
| US5096515A (en) | High strength high chromium cast iron and valve rocker arm made thereof | |
| US4153017A (en) | Alloyed chilled iron | |
| US5195473A (en) | Rocker arm and method of casting | |
| US5013611A (en) | Camshaft composition | |
| JPH0121220B2 (en) | ||
| EP0416418A2 (en) | Method of making rocker arm | |
| JPH07252583A (en) | Spheroidal graphite cast iron for crank shaft | |
| CN110066958B (en) | Production process of copper-chromium alloy vermicular graphite cast iron | |
| US5064608A (en) | Camshaft and method for producing the same | |
| EP0713924B1 (en) | Corrosion-resistant spring steel | |
| SU1725757A3 (en) | Wear-resistant cast iron | |
| US5512238A (en) | Free-machining austenitic stainless steel | |
| SU1721115A1 (en) | Steel | |
| JP3035138B2 (en) | Carbide dispersed carburized steel parts with good wear resistance, toughness and machinability | |
| JP2564489B2 (en) | Rocker arm with high strength, high toughness and wear resistance | |
| JP2726591B2 (en) | High corrosion resistance, high strength, high toughness duplex stainless steel | |
| JP2594505B2 (en) | Rocker arm | |
| SU1587072A1 (en) | Iron with spherical graphite for casting | |
| SU1661238A1 (en) | Cast iron | |
| KR930006291B1 (en) | Manufacture of sliding member made or cast iron |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): DE GB |
|
| PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): DE GB |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19920720 |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19931026 |
|
| GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
| GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
| GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE GB |
|
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69029074 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19961212 |
|
| PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
| 26N | No opposition filed | ||
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20060823 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20060824 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
| GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20070827 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20080301 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20070827 |