CN110066958B - Production process of copper-chromium alloy vermicular graphite cast iron - Google Patents
Production process of copper-chromium alloy vermicular graphite cast iron Download PDFInfo
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- CN110066958B CN110066958B CN201910365263.5A CN201910365263A CN110066958B CN 110066958 B CN110066958 B CN 110066958B CN 201910365263 A CN201910365263 A CN 201910365263A CN 110066958 B CN110066958 B CN 110066958B
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- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy or ferrous metal treatment, and particularly discloses a production process of copper-chromium alloy vermicular graphite cast iron, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing raw materials and tools; (2) charging pig iron, scrap steel and foundry returns into a first container, and charging ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, carburant, copper and ferrochrome into a second container; (3) smelting in an electric furnace; (4) analysis and control: (5) drying and packaging a vermiculizer and an inoculant; (6) vermicularizing treatment; (7) secondary inoculation treatment; (8) and (3) detection: after the vermicular treatment is finished, measuring the contents of metal magnesium and rare earth by using a spectrometer: 0.005-0.018%, rare earth: 0.02-0.04%; si: 2.0 to 2.4 percent. The vermicular cast iron produced by the process has high strength and hardness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alloy or ferrous metal treatment, in particular to a production process of copper-chromium alloy vermicular graphite cast iron.
Background
The vermicular graphite cast iron is a novel cast iron material developed in the middle of the last century, has the strength and the toughness similar to those of nodular cast iron, has good casting manufacturability, good thermal conductivity, thermal fatigue resistance and good damping performance similar to that of grey cast iron, and is low in production cost, so that the vermicular graphite cast iron is applied to various fields more and more at present. However, on the basis of the graphite characteristics in the structure of the vermicular cast iron, although superior to grey cast iron in terms of mechanical properties, there is a large gap in comparison with various cast steels and nodular cast irons, and in particular, the strengthening effect thereof by conventional heat treatment is extremely limited. The vermicular graphite cast iron is cast iron with a transition form between flake graphite and spherical graphite, and is a novel engineering structure material characterized by good mechanical property and heat conductivity and small section sensitivity. At present, the metallographic phase of the vermicular cast iron metal material which is not subjected to alloying treatment is mainly ferrite, and the intensity and the hardness of the vermicular cast iron metal material are low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a production process of copper-chromium alloy vermicular cast iron, and the vermicular cast iron produced by the process has high strength and hardness and wider application range of materials.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the basic scheme of the invention is as follows:
a production process of copper-chromium alloy vermicular graphite cast iron comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: the following raw materials were prepared: pig iron, steel, foundry returns, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, copper, ferrochromium, carburant, vermiculizer, inoculant and covering agent; wherein the mass ratio of the pig iron to the steel to the foundry returns is 4: 2.5-3.5: 2.5-3.5;
(2) raw material classification: charging pig iron, steel and foundry returns into a first container, and charging ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, carburant, copper and ferrochrome into a second container;
(3) smelting in an electric furnace: putting copper and iron-chromium alloy into a furnace bottom, starting the furnace for smelting, keeping the smelting temperature at 1500-;
(4) analysis and control: in the smelting process, the iron liquid is taken at the temperature of 1350-: cu: 0.4 to 1.0 percent; cr: 0.1 to 0.4 percent; mn: 0.4 to 1.0 percent; s: less than or equal to 0.02 percent; p: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; ti: less than or equal to 0.04 percent; taking iron liquid at 1480-1520 ℃ for thermal analysis, and controlling the following elements in the following ranges: c: 3.6 to 3.9 percent; si: 1.8 to 2.1 percent;
(5) drying and packaging: drying a vermiculizer, an inoculant and a covering agent, wherein the mass ratios of the vermiculizer, the inoculant and the covering agent to the molten iron are 0.3-0.5%, 0.45-0.55% and 0.45-0.55%, respectively, using a dam-type pouring treatment bag, and filling the vermiculizer, the inoculant and the covering agent into the dam-type pouring treatment bag when the temperature of the treatment bag is controlled at 300-500 ℃; the dam bottom is packed and compacted according to the sequence of a vermiculizer, an inoculant and a covering agent, and the inoculant is fully covered by the covering agent; covering a dam type pouring treatment ladle cover, wherein the ladle cover is provided with a liquid discharge hole which is opposite to a ladle at the dam bottom;
(6) vermicular treatment: pouring the molten iron into a dam type pouring treatment ladle, and reacting the molten iron with a vermiculizer and an inoculant; pouring the mixture into the reactor for one time to treat two thirds of the amount of the iron liquid; the molten iron detonates the vermicular agent within the range of 8-12s, and the temperature is controlled at 1435 DEG C
(7) Secondary inoculation treatment: after the reaction is stable, pouring the rest one third of the molten iron, and simultaneously adding an inoculant accounting for 0.3 percent of the total amount of the molten iron;
(8) and (3) detection: after the vermicular treatment, the following components were measured by a spectrometer in the following ranges: mg: 0.005-0.018%, rare earth: 0.02-0.04%; si: 2.0 to 2.4 percent.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the basic scheme are as follows: in the scheme, a certain amount of copper and iron-chromium alloy is added in the preparation process of the vermicular cast iron, so that the metallographic phase mainly comprising ferrite is converted into the metallographic phase mainly comprising pearlite, the Brinell hardness is improved and controlled within the range of HB180-240, the requirements of an internal combustion engine cylinder body and a cylinder cover on the material performance are met, the subsequent machining difficulty is not increased, and the tensile strength of the mechanical strength is controlled to 400 plus 500MPa/mm2The above. In the scheme, the vermicular cast iron is controlled at 1435-1455 ℃, which is the influence of the vermicular cast iron on the vermicular cast iron discovered by the inventor through many years of experience. The inventor finds that if the vermicular treatment temperature is higher than the temperature, the burning loss of the rare earth and magnesium content in the vermicular agent is increased, so that the magnesium and rare earth content of the finally produced product is lower than the minimum content of vermicular cast iron, the product becomes gray iron, and if the vermicular treatment temperature is lower than the temperature, on one hand, the molten iron can not detonate the vermicular agent, the finally produced product can not vermicular cast iron, on the other hand, the burning loss of the magnesium and the rare earth is small, the product exceeds the upper limit of the magnesium and rare earth content in the vermicular cast iron, the graphite exists in a spherical shape, and the product is in a spherical shapeTo form the nodular cast iron. The vermicular cast iron manufactured by the process is added with copper and chromium and matched with vermicular temperature, so that the material strength of the generated product is improved, the vermicular cast iron is durable, the metal consumption can be reduced when the product is designed to bear the same load, the thickness of the product can be reduced, the product is lighter and more environment-friendly. Because it has a certain ductility, fatigue resistance and good heat conduction performance.
Further, in the step (1), the pig iron is pig iron Q10, and the steel is leftover materials of Q235 punching plates; the ferrosilicon alloy is FeSi75Al0.5-A. The pig iron is hard, wear-resistant and good in castability, the silicon content of the pig iron Q10 is relatively low, the Q235 steel is moderate in carbon content, good in comprehensive performance, good in strength, plasticity and the like, and the inventor finds that the vermicular graphite cast iron prepared by adopting the raw materials in the step (1) is good in effect and high in hardness through multiple tests.
Further, in the step (5), the vermiculizer is RH-2, and the proportion of the components of the vermiculizer is as follows; si: 40-45%, Mg: 5-6%, La: 4-6%, Ce: 4-6%, Ca: 1.5-2.5%, impurities: less than or equal to 2 percent, and the balance being Fe; the grain size of the vermiculizer is 5-25 mm. In the scheme, the rare earth of the vermicular agent contains La and Ce in the same amount, and compared with the prior art that only one rare earth is added, the vermicular graphite cast iron can be prevented from shrinkage porosity, namely, holes are prevented from being generated in the product, and the hardness, strength and other properties of the product are improved.
Further, the ferromanganese alloy is FeMn64, wherein the proportion of each component is as follows: mn: 60.0-67%, C: less than or equal to 7.0 percent, Si: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, S: less than or equal to 1.0 percent and the balance of Fe. The ferromanganese alloy in the mass parts can refine crystal grains of the steel, improve the hardenability of the steel, enhance the atmospheric corrosion resistance of the steel, improve the forgeability and the millability of the steel and further improve the hardness and the strength of the vermicular cast iron.
Further, the inoculant is FeSi75Al0.5-A; wherein the proportion of each component is as follows: si: 74.0-80.0%, Al: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Ca: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 0.4 percent, Cr: less than or equal to 0.3 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.035%, S: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, C: less than or equal to 0.1 percent and the balance of Fe. The mechanical properties of cast iron depend to a large extent on its microstructure. The cast iron without the inoculant is unstable in microstructure, low in mechanical property and easy to produce white cast at the thin wall of the casting. The addition of the inoculant FeSi75Al0.5-A has great influence on the microstructure of the vermicular cast iron, and the chilling tendency can be eliminated or reduced; supercooled tissue is avoided; the wall thickness sensitivity of the iron casting is reduced, so that the difference of microstructures at the thin and thick sections of the casting is small, and the hardness difference is small; the nucleation of the eutectic group is facilitated, and the number of the eutectic group is increased; the cast iron has better fluidity, and the shrinkage, the processing performance and the residual stress of the casting are reduced.
Further, the covering agent is perlite. The covering agent is added, so that the temperature loss of molten iron in the processes of molten iron transportation and pouring is reduced, gas and impurities in the molten iron can float upwards, the aim of purifying the molten iron is fulfilled, and the rejection rate is reduced.
Further, the recarburizer is a graphitized recarburizer, wherein the components are as follows: c: not less than 98.5%, S: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, N: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; the particle size of the graphitized carburant is 0-5 mm. The graphitizing carburant can greatly reduce the consumption of pig iron during casting, and reduces the production cost while ensuring the performance of the vermicular graphite cast iron. If the grain size of the recarburizer is larger than 5mm, the absorption rate of the recarburizer by the molten iron is affected, so that the absorption time is prolonged, carbon in the molten iron is oxidized, the silicon content is increased, and the stability control of the components of the molten iron is affected.
Further, the pig iron Q10 comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: not less than 3.40%, Si: 0.5-1.0%, Mn: less than or equal to 0.2 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.05%, S: less than or equal to 0.02 percent and the balance of Fe.
Further, the proportion of each part of the steel is as follows: c: 0.12 to 0.22%, Si: less than or equal to 0.35 percent, Mn: 0.3-0.8%, S: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.02 percent and the balance of Fe.
Further, in step (4), the solution was taken at 1400 ℃ for spectroscopic analysis. The inventor tests and invents for many times, and the result obtained when the spectrum analysis is carried out at 1400 ℃ is more suitable for production control.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic picture according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic picture according to example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic picture according to example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a metallographic picture according to example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a metallographic picture according to example 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of a substrate in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of a substrate in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of a substrate in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of a substrate in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the substrate in example 5 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A production process of copper-chromium alloy vermicular cast iron comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: the following raw materials were prepared: pig iron, steel, foundry returns, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, copper, carburant, ferrochrome, vermiculizer, inoculant and covering agent; wherein the mass ratio of the pig iron to the steel to the foundry returns is 4: 2.5: 2.5;
wherein: the pig iron is pig iron Q10, and the pig iron Q10 comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: not less than 3.40%, Si: 0.5-1.0%, Mn: less than or equal to 0.2 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.05%, S: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, and the balance being Fe;
the steel is leftover material of Q235 punching plate, and is packed into block material with 250mm x 500mm and is rustless; the proportion of each part of the steel is as follows: c: 0.12 to 0.22%, Si: less than or equal to 0.35 percent, Mn: 0.3-0.8%, S: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, and the balance being Fe;
the ferrosilicon alloy is FeSi75Al0.5-A, and the ferrosilicon alloy accounts for 4% of the pig iron by mass;
the vermiculizer is RH-2, and the proportion of each component of the vermiculizer is as follows; si: 40-45%, Mg: 5-6%, La: 4-6%, Ce: 4-6%, Ca: 1.5-2.5%, impurities: less than or equal to 2 percent, and the balance being Fe; the grain size of the vermiculizer is 5-25 mm;
the ferromanganese alloy is FeMn64, wherein the proportion of each component is as follows: mn: 60.0-67%, C: less than or equal to 7.0 percent, Si: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, S: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, the balance being Fe, the manganese-iron alloy accounting for 1.5 percent of the pig iron by mass;
the inoculant is FeSi75Al0.5-A; wherein the proportion of each component is as follows: si: 74.0-80.0%, Al: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Ca: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 0.4 percent, Cr: less than or equal to 0.3 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.035%, S: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, C: less than or equal to 0.1 percent, and the balance being Fe; the particle size of the inoculant is 5-25 mm;
the covering agent is perlite;
the recarburizing agent is a graphitized recarburizing agent, wherein the components are as follows: c: not less than 98.5%, S: less than or equal to 0.05 percent and N less than or equal to 0.05 percent; the particle size of the graphitized carburant is 0-5 mm;
the copper is an electrolytic copper plate, and the mass of the electrolytic copper plate is 2% of that of the pig iron;
the iron-chromium alloy is high-carbon ferrochrome, and the high-carbon ferrochrome comprises the following components in percentage by weight: cr: not less than 60.0%, C: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Si: less than or equal to 1.5 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.04 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.04 percent, the balance being Fe, the mass of the iron-chromium alloy being 0.3 percent of that of the pig iron;
the vermiculizer is RH-2, and the proportion of each component of the vermiculizer is as follows; si: 40-45%, Mg: 5-6%, La: 4-6%, Ce: 4-6%, Ca: 1.5 to 2.5 percent; the grain size of the vermiculizer is 5-25 mm;
(2) raw material classification: charging pig iron, steel and foundry returns into a first container, and charging ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, carburant, copper and ferrochrome into a second container;
(3) smelting in an electric furnace: putting the copper and the ferrochromium alloy into the bottom of a 0.5T electric furnace, starting the furnace for smelting, wherein the smelting temperature is 1500-;
(4) analysis and control: in the smelting process, the iron liquid is taken at the temperature of 1350-: cu: 0.4 to 1.0 percent; cr: 0.1 to 0.4 percent; mn: 0.4 to 1.0 percent; s: less than or equal to 0.02 percent; p: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; ti: less than or equal to 0.04 percent; taking iron liquid at 1480-1520 ℃ for thermal analysis, and controlling the following elements in the following ranges: c: 3.6 to 3.9 percent; si: 1.8 to 2.1 percent;
(5) drying and packaging: drying a vermiculizer, an inoculant and a covering agent, wherein the mass ratios of the vermiculizer, the inoculant and the covering agent to the molten iron are 0.3-0.5%, 0.45-0.55% and 0.45-0.55%, respectively, using a dam-type pouring treatment bag, and filling the vermiculizer, the inoculant and the covering agent into the dam-type pouring treatment bag when the temperature of the treatment bag is controlled at 300-500 ℃; the dam bottom is packed and compacted according to the sequence of a vermiculizer, an inoculant and a covering agent, and the inoculant is fully covered by the covering agent; covering a dam type pouring treatment ladle cover, wherein the ladle cover is provided with a liquid discharge hole which is opposite to a ladle at the dam bottom;
(6) vermicular treatment: pouring the molten iron into a dam type pouring treatment ladle, and reacting the molten iron with a vermiculizer and an inoculant; pouring the mixture into the tank for one time to treat two thirds of the amount of the hot liquid; detonating the vermiculizer by molten iron within the range of 8-12s, and controlling the temperature at 1435 ℃;
(7) secondary inoculation treatment: after the reaction is stable, pouring the rest one third of the molten iron, and simultaneously adding an inoculant accounting for 0.3 percent of the total amount of the molten iron;
(8) and (3) detection: after the vermicular treatment, the following components were measured by a spectrometer in the following ranges: mg: 0.005-0.018%, rare earth: 0.02-0.04%; si: 2.0 to 2.4 percent.
Example 2
A production process of copper-chromium alloy vermicular graphite cast iron comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: the following raw materials were prepared: pig iron, steel, foundry returns, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, copper, carburant, ferrochrome, vermiculizer, inoculant and covering agent; wherein the mass ratio of the pig iron to the steel to the foundry returns is 4: 3.5: 3.5;
wherein: the pig iron is pig iron Q10, and the pig iron Q10 comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: not less than 3.40%, Si: 0.5-1.0%, Mn: less than or equal to 0.2 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.05%, S: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, and the balance being Fe;
the steel is leftover material of Q235 punching plate, and is packed into block material with 250mm x 500mm and is rustless; the proportion of each part of the steel is as follows: c: 0.12 to 0.22%, Si: less than or equal to 0.35 percent, Mn: 0.3-0.8%, S: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, and the balance being Fe;
the ferrosilicon alloy is FeSi75Al0.5-A, and the ferrosilicon alloy accounts for 4% of the pig iron by mass;
the vermiculizer is RH-2, and the proportion of each component of the vermiculizer is as follows; si: 40-45%, Mg: 5-6%, La: 4-6%, Ce: 4-6%, Ca: 1.5-2.5%, impurities: less than or equal to 2 percent, and the balance being Fe; the grain size of the vermiculizer is 5-25 mm;
the ferromanganese alloy is FeMn64, wherein the proportion of each component is as follows: mn: 60.0-67%, C: less than or equal to 7.0 percent, Si: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, S: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, the balance being Fe, the manganese-iron alloy accounting for 1.5 percent of the pig iron by mass;
the inoculant is FeSi75Al0.5-A; wherein the proportion of each component is as follows: si: 74.0-80.0%, Al: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Ca: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 0.4 percent, Cr: less than or equal to 0.3 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.035%, S: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, C: less than or equal to 0.1 percent, and the balance being Fe; the particle size of the inoculant is 5-25 mm;
the covering agent is perlite;
the recarburizing agent is a graphitized recarburizing agent, wherein the components are as follows: c: not less than 98.5%, S: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, N: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; the particle size of the graphitized carburant is 0-5 mm;
the copper is an electrolytic copper plate, and the mass of the electrolytic copper plate is 2% of that of the pig iron;
the iron-chromium alloy is high-carbon ferrochrome, and the high-carbon ferrochrome comprises the following components in percentage by weight: cr: not less than 60.0%, C: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Si: less than or equal to 1.5 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.04 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.04 percent, the balance being Fe, the mass of the iron-chromium alloy being 0.3 percent of that of the pig iron;
the vermiculizer is RH-2, and the proportion of each component of the vermiculizer is as follows; si: 40-45%, Mg: 5-6%, La: 4-6%, Ce: 4-6%, Ca: 1.5 to 2.5 percent; the grain size of the vermiculizer is 5-25 mm;
(2) raw material classification: charging pig iron, steel and foundry returns into a first container, and charging ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, carburant, copper and ferrochrome into a second container;
(3) smelting in an electric furnace: putting the copper and the ferrochromium alloy into the bottom of a 1T electric furnace, starting the furnace for smelting, keeping the smelting temperature at 1500-1520 ℃, and standing for 10-17min to enable impurities in the molten iron to float upwards and be removed along with the iron slag;
(4) analysis and control: in the smelting process, the iron liquid is taken at the temperature of 1350-: cu: 0.4 to 1.0 percent; cr: 0.1 to 0.4 percent; mn: 0.4 to 1.0 percent; s: less than or equal to 0.02 percent; p: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; ti: less than or equal to 0.04 percent; taking iron liquid at 1480-1520 ℃ for thermal analysis, and controlling the following elements in the following ranges: c: 3.6 to 3.9 percent; si: 1.8 to 2.1 percent;
(5) drying and packaging: drying a vermiculizer, an inoculant and a covering agent, wherein the mass ratios of the vermiculizer, the inoculant and the covering agent to the molten iron are 0.3-0.5%, 0.45-0.55% and 0.45-0.55%, respectively, using a dam-type pouring treatment bag, and filling the vermiculizer, the inoculant and the covering agent into the dam-type pouring treatment bag when the temperature of the treatment bag is controlled at 300-500 ℃; the dam bottom is packed and compacted according to the sequence of a vermiculizer, an inoculant and a covering agent, and the inoculant is fully covered by the covering agent; covering a dam type pouring treatment ladle cover, wherein the ladle cover is provided with a liquid discharge hole which is opposite to a ladle at the dam bottom;
(6) vermicular treatment: pouring the molten iron into a dam type pouring treatment ladle, and reacting the molten iron with a vermiculizer and an inoculant; pouring the mixture into the tank for one time to treat two thirds of the amount of the hot liquid; detonating the vermiculizer by molten iron within the range of 8-12s, and controlling the temperature at 1455 ℃;
(7) secondary inoculation treatment: after the reaction is stable, pouring the rest one third of the molten iron, and simultaneously adding an inoculant accounting for 0.3 percent of the total amount of the molten iron;
(8) and (3) detection: after the vermicular treatment, the following components were measured by a spectrometer in the following ranges: mg: 0.005-0.018%, rare earth: 0.02-0.04%; si: 2.0 to 2.4 percent.
Example 3
A production process of copper-chromium alloy vermicular graphite cast iron comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: the following raw materials were prepared: pig iron, steel, foundry returns, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, copper, carburant, ferrochrome, vermiculizer, inoculant and covering agent; wherein the mass ratio of the pig iron to the steel to the foundry returns is 4: 3: 3;
wherein: the pig iron is pig iron Q10, and the pig iron Q10 comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: not less than 3.40%, Si: 0.5-1.0%, Mn: less than or equal to 0.2 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.05%, S: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, and the balance being Fe;
the steel is leftover material of Q235 punching plate, and is packed into block material with 250mm x 500mm and is rustless; the proportion of each part of the steel is as follows: c: 0.12 to 0.22%, Si: less than or equal to 0.35 percent, Mn: 0.3-0.8%, S: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, and the balance being Fe;
the ferrosilicon alloy is FeSi75Al0.5-A, and the ferrosilicon alloy accounts for 4% of the pig iron by mass;
the vermiculizer is RH-2, and the proportion of each component of the vermiculizer is as follows; si: 40-45%, Mg: 5-6%, La: 4-6%, Ce: 4-6%, Ca: 1.5-2.5%, impurities: less than or equal to 2 percent, and the balance being Fe; the grain size of the vermiculizer is 5-25 mm;
the ferromanganese alloy is FeMn64, wherein the proportion of each component is as follows: mn: 60.0-67%, C: less than or equal to 7.0 percent, Si: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, S: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, the balance being Fe, the manganese-iron alloy accounting for 1.5 percent of the pig iron by mass;
the inoculant is FeSi75Al0.5-A; wherein the proportion of each component is as follows: si: 74.0-80.0%, Al: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Ca: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 0.4 percent, Cr: less than or equal to 0.3 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.035%, S: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, C: less than or equal to 0.1 percent, and the balance being Fe; the particle size of the inoculant is 5-25 mm;
the covering agent is perlite;
the recarburizing agent is a graphitized recarburizing agent, wherein the components are as follows: c: not less than 98.5%, S: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, N: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; the particle size of the graphitized carburant is 0-5 mm;
the copper is an electrolytic copper plate, and the mass of the electrolytic copper plate is 2% of that of the pig iron;
the iron-chromium alloy is high-carbon ferrochrome, and the high-carbon ferrochrome comprises the following components in percentage by weight: cr: not less than 60.0%, C: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Si: less than or equal to 1.5 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.04 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.04 percent, the balance being Fe, the mass of the iron-chromium alloy being 0.3 percent of that of the pig iron;
the vermiculizer is RH-2, and the proportion of each component of the vermiculizer is as follows; si: 40-45%, Mg: 5-6%, La: 4-6%, Ce: 4-6%, Ca: 1.5 to 2.5 percent; the grain size of the vermiculizer is 5-25 mm;
(2) raw material classification: charging pig iron, steel and foundry returns into a first container, and charging ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, carburant, copper and ferrochrome into a second container;
(3) smelting in an electric furnace: putting the copper and the ferrochromium alloy into the bottom of a 0.5T electric furnace, starting the furnace for smelting, wherein the smelting temperature is 1500-;
(4) analysis and control: in the smelting process, the iron liquid is taken at the temperature of 1350-: cu: 0.4 to 1.0 percent; cr: 0.1 to 0.4 percent; mn: 0.4 to 1.0 percent; s: less than or equal to 0.02 percent; p: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; ti: less than or equal to 0.04 percent; taking iron liquid at 1480-1520 ℃ for thermal analysis, and controlling the following elements in the following ranges: c: 3.6 to 3.9 percent; si: 1.8 to 2.1 percent;
(5) drying and packaging: drying a vermiculizer, an inoculant and a covering agent, wherein the mass ratios of the vermiculizer, the inoculant and the covering agent to the molten iron are 0.3-0.5%, 0.45-0.55% and 0.45-0.55%, respectively, using a dam-type pouring treatment bag, and filling the vermiculizer, the inoculant and the covering agent into the dam-type pouring treatment bag when the temperature of the treatment bag is controlled at 300-500 ℃; the dam bottom is packed and compacted according to the sequence of a vermiculizer, an inoculant and a covering agent, and the inoculant is fully covered by the covering agent; covering a dam type pouring treatment ladle cover, wherein the ladle cover is provided with a liquid discharge hole which is opposite to a ladle at the dam bottom;
(6) vermicular treatment: pouring the molten iron into a dam type pouring treatment ladle, and reacting the molten iron with a vermiculizer and an inoculant; pouring the mixture into the tank for one time to treat two thirds of the amount of the hot liquid; detonating the vermicular agent by molten iron within the range of 8-12s, and controlling the temperature at 1440 ℃;
(7) secondary inoculation treatment: after the reaction is stable, pouring the rest one third of the molten iron, and simultaneously adding an inoculant accounting for 0.3 percent of the total amount of the molten iron;
(8) and (3) detection: after the vermicular treatment, the following components were measured by a spectrometer in the following ranges: mg: 0.005-0.018%, rare earth: 0.02-0.04%; si: 2.0 to 2.4 percent.
Example 4
A production process of copper-chromium alloy vermicular graphite cast iron comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: the following raw materials were prepared: pig iron, steel, foundry returns, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, copper, carburant, ferrochrome, vermiculizer, inoculant and covering agent; wherein the mass ratio of the pig iron to the steel to the foundry returns is 4: 2.5: 3;
wherein: the pig iron is pig iron Q10, and the pig iron Q10 comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: not less than 3.40%, Si: 0.5-1.0%, Mn: less than or equal to 0.2 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.05%, S: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, and the balance being Fe;
the steel is leftover material of Q235 punching plate, and is packed into block material with 250mm x 500mm and is rustless; the proportion of each part of the steel is as follows: c: 0.12 to 0.22%, Si: less than or equal to 0.35 percent, Mn: 0.3-0.8%, S: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, and the balance being Fe;
the ferrosilicon alloy is FeSi75Al0.5-A, and the ferrosilicon alloy accounts for 5% of the pig iron by mass;
the vermiculizer is RH-2, and the proportion of each component of the vermiculizer is as follows; si: 40-45%, Mg: 5-6%, La: 4-6%, Ce: 4-6%, Ca: 1.5-2.5%, impurities: less than or equal to 2 percent, and the balance being Fe; the grain size of the vermiculizer is 5-25 mm;
the ferromanganese alloy is FeMn64, wherein the proportion of each component is as follows: mn: 60.0-67%, C: less than or equal to 7.0 percent, Si: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, S: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, the balance being Fe, the manganese-iron alloy accounting for 2 percent of the pig iron by mass;
the inoculant is FeSi75Al0.5-A; wherein the proportion of each component is as follows: si: 74.0-80.0%, Al: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Ca: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 0.4 percent, Cr: less than or equal to 0.3 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.035%, S: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, C: less than or equal to 0.1 percent, and the balance being Fe; the particle size of the inoculant is 5-25 mm;
the covering agent is perlite;
the recarburizing agent is a graphitized recarburizing agent, wherein the components are as follows: c: not less than 98.5%, S: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, N: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; the particle size of the graphitized carburant is 0-5 mm;
the copper is an electrolytic copper plate, and the mass of the electrolytic copper plate is 3% of that of the pig iron;
the iron-chromium alloy is high-carbon ferrochrome, and the high-carbon ferrochrome comprises the following components in percentage by weight: cr: not less than 60.0%, C: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Si: less than or equal to 1.5 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.04 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.04 percent, the balance being Fe, the mass of the iron-chromium alloy being 0.4 percent of that of the pig iron;
the vermiculizer is RH-2, and the proportion of each component of the vermiculizer is as follows; si: 40-45%, Mg: 5-6%, La: 4-6%, Ce: 4-6%, Ca: 1.5 to 2.5 percent; the grain size of the vermiculizer is 5-25 mm;
(2) raw material classification: charging pig iron, steel and foundry returns into a first container, and charging ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, carburant, copper and ferrochrome into a second container;
(3) smelting in an electric furnace: putting the copper and the ferrochromium alloy into the bottom of a 1T electric furnace, starting the furnace for smelting, keeping the smelting temperature at 1500-1520 ℃, and standing for 10-17min to enable impurities in the molten iron to float upwards and be removed along with the iron slag;
(4) analysis and control: in the smelting process, the iron liquid is taken at the temperature of 1350-: cu: 0.4 to 1.0 percent; cr: 0.1 to 0.4 percent; mn: 0.4 to 1.0 percent; s: less than or equal to 0.02 percent; p: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; ti: less than or equal to 0.04 percent; taking iron liquid at 1480-1520 ℃ for thermal analysis, and controlling the following elements in the following ranges: c: 3.6 to 3.9 percent; si: 1.8 to 2.1 percent;
(5) drying and packaging: drying a vermiculizer, an inoculant and a covering agent, wherein the mass ratios of the vermiculizer, the inoculant and the covering agent to the molten iron are 0.3-0.5%, 0.45-0.55% and 0.45-0.55%, respectively, using a dam-type pouring treatment bag, and filling the vermiculizer, the inoculant and the covering agent into the dam-type pouring treatment bag when the temperature of the treatment bag is controlled at 300-500 ℃; the dam bottom is packed and compacted according to the sequence of a vermiculizer, an inoculant and a covering agent, and the inoculant is fully covered by the covering agent; covering a dam type pouring treatment ladle cover, wherein the ladle cover is provided with a liquid discharge hole which is opposite to a ladle at the dam bottom;
(6) vermicular treatment: pouring the molten iron into a dam type pouring treatment ladle, and reacting the molten iron with a vermiculizer and an inoculant; pouring the mixture into the tank for one time to treat two thirds of the amount of the hot liquid; detonating the vermiculizer by molten iron within the range of 8-12s, and controlling the temperature at 1450 ℃;
(7) secondary inoculation treatment: after the reaction is stable, pouring the rest one third of the molten iron, and simultaneously adding an inoculant accounting for 0.3 percent of the total amount of the molten iron;
(8) and (3) detection: after the vermicular treatment, the following components were measured by a spectrometer in the following ranges: mg: 0.005-0.018%, rare earth: 0.02-0.04%; si: 2.0 to 2.4 percent.
Example 5
A production process of copper-chromium alloy vermicular graphite cast iron comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: the following raw materials were prepared: pig iron, steel, foundry returns, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, copper, carburant, ferrochrome, vermiculizer, inoculant and covering agent; wherein the mass ratio of the pig iron to the steel to the foundry returns is 4: 3.5: 3;
wherein: the pig iron is pig iron Q10, and the pig iron Q10 comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: not less than 3.40%, Si: 0.5-1.0%, Mn: less than or equal to 0.2 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.05%, S: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, and the balance being Fe;
the steel is leftover material of Q235 punching plate, and is packed into block material with 250mm x 400mm and no rust; the proportion of each part of the steel is as follows: c: 0.12 to 0.22%, Si: less than or equal to 0.35 percent, Mn: 0.3-0.8%, S: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, and the balance being Fe;
the ferrosilicon alloy is FeSi75Al0.5-A, and the ferrosilicon alloy accounts for 5% of the pig iron by mass;
the vermiculizer is RH-2, and the proportion of each component of the vermiculizer is as follows; si: 40-45%, Mg: 5-6%, La: 4-6%, Ce: 4-6%, Ca: 1.5-2.5%, impurities: less than or equal to 2 percent, and the balance being Fe; the grain size of the vermiculizer is 5-25 mm;
the ferromanganese alloy is FeMn64, wherein the proportion of each component is as follows: mn: 60.0-67%, C: less than or equal to 7.0 percent, Si: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, S: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, the balance being Fe, the manganese-iron alloy accounting for 2 percent of the pig iron by mass;
the inoculant is FeSi75Al0.5-A; wherein the proportion of each component is as follows: si: 74.0 to 80.0 percent of Al, less than or equal to 1.0 percent of Ca, less than or equal to 0.4 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.3 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.035 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of C, and the balance of Fe; the particle size of the inoculant is 5-25 mm;
the covering agent is perlite;
the recarburizing agent is a graphitized recarburizing agent, wherein the components are as follows: c: not less than 98.5%, S: less than or equal to 0.05 percent and N less than or equal to 0.05 percent; the particle size of the graphitized carburant is 0-5 mm;
the copper is an electrolytic copper plate, and the mass of the electrolytic copper plate is 3% of that of the pig iron;
the iron-chromium alloy is high-carbon ferrochrome, and the high-carbon ferrochrome comprises the following components in percentage by weight: cr: not less than 60.0%, C: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Si: less than or equal to 1.5 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.04 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.04 percent, the balance being Fe, the mass of the iron-chromium alloy being 0.4 percent of that of the pig iron;
the vermiculizer is RH-2, and the proportion of each component of the vermiculizer is as follows; si: 40-45%, Mg: 5-6%, La: 4-6%, Ce: 4-6%, Ca: 1.5 to 2.5 percent; the grain size of the vermiculizer is 5-25 mm;
(2) raw material classification: charging pig iron, steel and foundry returns into a first container, and charging ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, carburant, copper and ferrochrome into a second container;
(3) smelting in an electric furnace: putting the copper and the ferrochromium alloy into the bottom of a 0.5T electric furnace, starting the furnace for smelting, wherein the smelting temperature is 1500-;
(4) analysis and control: in the smelting process, the iron liquid is taken at the temperature of 1350-: cu: 0.4 to 1.0 percent; cr: 0.1 to 0.4 percent; mn: 0.4 to 1.0 percent; s: less than or equal to 0.02 percent; p is less than or equal to 0.05 percent; ti is less than or equal to 0.04 percent; taking iron liquid at 1480-1520 ℃ for thermal analysis, and controlling the following elements in the following ranges: c: 3.6 to 3.9 percent; si: 1.8 to 2.1 percent;
(5) drying and packaging: drying a vermiculizer, an inoculant and a covering agent, wherein the mass ratios of the vermiculizer, the inoculant and the covering agent to the molten iron are 0.3-0.5%, 0.45-0.55% and 0.45-0.55%, respectively, using a dam-type pouring treatment bag, and filling the vermiculizer, the inoculant and the covering agent into the dam-type pouring treatment bag when the temperature of the treatment bag is controlled at 300-500 ℃; the dam bottom is packed and compacted according to the sequence of a vermiculizer, an inoculant and a covering agent, and the inoculant is fully covered by the covering agent; covering a dam type pouring treatment ladle cover, wherein the ladle cover is provided with a liquid discharge hole which is opposite to a ladle at the dam bottom;
(6) vermicular treatment: pouring the molten iron into a dam type pouring treatment ladle, and reacting the molten iron with a vermiculizer and an inoculant; pouring the mixture into the tank for one time to treat two thirds of the amount of the hot liquid; detonating the vermicular agent by molten iron within the range of 8-12s, and controlling the temperature at 1440 ℃;
(7) secondary inoculation treatment: after the reaction is stable, pouring the rest one third of the molten iron, and simultaneously adding an inoculant accounting for 0.3 percent of the total amount of the molten iron;
(8) and (3) detection: after the vermicular treatment, the following components were measured by a spectrometer in the following ranges: mg: 0.005-0.018%, rare earth: 0.02-0.04%; si: 2.0 to 2.4 percent.
Comparative example 1:
a production process of copper-chromium alloy vermicular graphite cast iron comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: the following raw materials were prepared: pig iron, steel, foundry returns, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, carburant, vermiculizer, inoculant and covering agent; wherein the mass ratio of the pig iron to the steel to the foundry returns is 4: 3.5: 3;
wherein: the pig iron is pig iron Q10, and the pig iron Q10 comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: not less than 3.40%, Si: 0.5-1.0%, Mn: less than or equal to 0.2 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.05%, S: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, and the balance being Fe;
the steel is leftover material of Q235 punching plate, and is packed into block material with 250mm x 500mm and is rustless; the proportion of each part of the steel is as follows: c: 0.12 to 0.22%, Si: less than or equal to 0.35 percent, Mn: 0.3-0.8%, S: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, and the balance being Fe;
the ferrosilicon alloy is FeSi75Al0.5-A, and the ferrosilicon alloy accounts for 5% of the pig iron by mass;
the ferromanganese alloy is FeMn64, wherein the proportion of each component is as follows: mn: 60.0-67%, C: less than or equal to 7.0 percent, Si: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, S: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, the balance being Fe, the manganese-iron alloy accounting for 2 percent of the pig iron by mass;
the inoculant is FeSi75Al0.5-A; wherein the proportion of each component is as follows: si: 74.0-80.0%, Al: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Ca: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 0.4 percent, Cr: less than or equal to 0.3 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.035%, S: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, C: less than or equal to 0.1 percent, and the balance being Fe; the particle size of the inoculant is 5-25 mm;
the covering agent is perlite;
the recarburizing agent is a graphitized recarburizing agent, wherein the components are as follows: c: not less than 98.5%, S: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, N: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; the particle size of the graphitized carburant is 0-5 mm;
the vermiculizer is RH-2, and the proportion of each component of the vermiculizer is as follows; si: 40-45%, Mg: 5-6%, La: 4-6%, Ce: 4-6%, Ca: 1.5 to 2.5 percent; the grain size of the vermiculizer is 5-25 mm;
(2) raw material classification: charging pig iron, steel and foundry returns into a first container, and charging ferrosilicon alloy, ferromanganese alloy and carburant into a second container;
(3) smelting in an electric furnace: putting the copper and the ferrochromium alloy into the bottom of a 0.5T electric furnace, starting the furnace for smelting, wherein the smelting temperature is 1500-;
(4) analysis and control: in the smelting process, the iron liquid is taken at the temperature of 1350-: cu: 0.4 to 1.0 percent; cr: 0.1 to 0.4 percent; mn: 0.4 to 1.0 percent; s: less than or equal to 0.02 percent; p: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; ti: less than or equal to 0.04 percent; taking iron liquid at 1480-1520 ℃ for thermal analysis, and controlling the following elements in the following ranges: c: 3.6 to 3.9 percent; si: 1.8 to 2.1 percent;
(5) drying and packaging: drying a vermiculizer, an inoculant and a covering agent, wherein the mass ratios of the vermiculizer, the inoculant and the covering agent to the molten iron are 0.3-0.5%, 0.45-0.55% and 0.45-0.55%, respectively, using a dam-type pouring treatment bag, and filling the vermiculizer, the inoculant and the covering agent into the dam-type pouring treatment bag when the temperature of the treatment bag is controlled at 300-500 ℃; the dam bottom is packed and compacted according to the sequence of a vermiculizer, an inoculant and a covering agent, and the inoculant is fully covered by the covering agent; covering a dam type pouring treatment ladle cover, wherein the ladle cover is provided with a liquid discharge hole which is opposite to a ladle at the dam bottom;
(6) vermicular treatment: pouring the molten iron into a dam type pouring treatment ladle, and reacting the molten iron with a vermiculizer and an inoculant; pouring the mixture into the tank for one time to treat two thirds of the amount of the hot liquid; the molten iron detonates the vermiculizer within the range of 8-12 s;
(7) secondary inoculation treatment: pouring the molten iron into a dam type pouring treatment ladle, and reacting the molten iron with a vermiculizer and an inoculant; pouring the mixture into the tank for one time to treat two thirds of the amount of the hot liquid; detonating the vermiculizer by molten iron within the range of 8-12s, and controlling the temperature at 1455 ℃;
(8) and (3) detection: after the vermicular treatment, the following components were measured by a spectrometer in the following ranges: mg: 0.005-0.018%, rare earth: 0.02-0.04%; si: 2.0 to 2.4 percent.
Comparative example 2
A production process of copper-chromium alloy vermicular cast iron comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: the following raw materials were prepared: pig iron, steel, foundry returns, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, copper, carburant, ferrochrome, vermiculizer, inoculant and covering agent; wherein the mass ratio of the pig iron to the steel to the foundry returns is 4: 2.5: 2.5;
wherein: the pig iron is pig iron Q10, and the pig iron Q10 comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: not less than 3.40%, Si: 0.5-1.0%, Mn: less than or equal to 0.2 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.05%, S: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, and the balance being Fe;
the steel is leftover material of Q235 punching plate, and is packed into block material with 250mm x 500mm and is rustless; the proportion of each part of the steel is as follows: c: 0.12 to 0.22%, Si: less than or equal to 0.35 percent, Mn: 0.3-0.8%, S: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, and the balance being Fe;
the ferrosilicon alloy is FeSi75Al0.5-A, and the ferrosilicon alloy accounts for 4-5% of the pig iron by mass;
the ferromanganese alloy is FeMn64, wherein the proportion of each component is as follows: mn: 60.0-67%, C: less than or equal to 7.0 percent, Si: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, S: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, the balance being Fe, the manganese-iron alloy accounting for 1.5 to 2 percent of the weight of the pig iron;
the inoculant is FeSi75Al0.5-A; wherein the proportion of each component is as follows: si: 74.0-80.0%, Al: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Ca: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 0.4 percent, Cr: less than or equal to 0.3 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.035%, S: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, C: less than or equal to 0.1 percent, and the balance being Fe; the particle size of the inoculant is 5-25 mm;
the covering agent is perlite;
the recarburizing agent is a graphitized recarburizing agent, wherein the components are as follows: c: not less than 98.5%, S: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, N: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; the particle size of the graphitized carburant is 0-5 mm;
the copper is an electrolytic copper plate, and the mass of the electrolytic copper plate is 2-3% of that of the pig iron;
the iron-chromium alloy is high-carbon ferrochrome, and the high-carbon ferrochrome comprises the following components in percentage by weight: cr: not less than 60.0%, C: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Si: less than or equal to 1.5 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.04 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.04 percent, the balance being Fe, the mass of the iron-chromium alloy being 0.3-0.4 percent of that of the pig iron;
the vermiculizer is RH-2, and the proportion of each component of the vermiculizer is as follows; si: 40-45%, Mg: 5-6%, La: 4-6%, Ce: 4-6%, Ca: 1.5 to 2.5 percent; the grain size of the vermiculizer is 5-25 mm;
(2) raw material classification: charging pig iron, steel and foundry returns into a first container, and charging ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, carburant, copper and ferrochrome into a second container;
(3) smelting in an electric furnace: putting the copper and the ferrochromium alloy into the bottom of a 1T electric furnace, starting the furnace for smelting, keeping the smelting temperature at 1500-1520 ℃, and standing for 10-17min to enable impurities in the molten iron to float upwards and be removed along with the iron slag;
(4) analysis and control: in the smelting process, the iron liquid is taken at the temperature of 1350-: cu: 0.4 to 1.0 percent; cr: 0.1 to 0.4 percent; mn: 0.4 to 1.0 percent; s: less than or equal to 0.02 percent; p: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; ti: less than or equal to 0.04 percent; taking iron liquid at 1480-1520 ℃ for thermal analysis, and controlling the following elements in the following ranges: c: 3.6 to 3.9 percent; si: 1.8 to 2.1 percent;
(5) drying and packaging: drying a vermiculizer, an inoculant and a covering agent, wherein the mass ratios of the vermiculizer, the inoculant and the covering agent to the molten iron are 0.3-0.5%, 0.45-0.55% and 0.45-0.55%, respectively, using a dam-type pouring treatment bag, and filling the vermiculizer, the inoculant and the covering agent into the dam-type pouring treatment bag when the temperature of the treatment bag is controlled at 300-500 ℃; the dam bottom is packed and compacted according to the sequence of a vermiculizer, an inoculant and a covering agent, and the inoculant is fully covered by the covering agent; covering a dam type pouring treatment ladle cover, wherein the ladle cover is provided with a liquid discharge hole which is opposite to a ladle at the dam bottom;
(6) vermicular treatment: pouring the molten iron into a dam type pouring treatment ladle, and reacting the molten iron with a vermiculizer and an inoculant; pouring the mixture into the tank for one time to treat two thirds of the amount of the hot liquid; detonating the vermiculizer by molten iron within the range of 8-12s, and controlling the temperature at 1460-1480 ℃;
(7) secondary inoculation treatment: after the reaction is stable, pouring the rest one third of the molten iron, and simultaneously adding an inoculant accounting for 0.3 percent of the total amount of the molten iron;
(8) and (3) detection: after the vermicular treatment, the following components were measured by a spectrometer in the following ranges: mg: 0.005-0.018%, rare earth: 0.02-0.04%; si: 2.0 to 2.4 percent.
The data of the vermicular cast irons prepared in the above 5 examples and 2 comparative examples are tested, and the results are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, in the application, copper and chromium are added while vermicular cast iron is prepared, the temperature of vermicular cast iron is controlled, the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the prepared vermicular cast iron are obviously higher than those of the prior art, especially, the hardness of the vermicular cast iron is higher than that of the vermicular cast iron without copper and chromium, and the pearlite is higher than that of the vermicular cast iron without alloying, so that the strength of the vermicular cast iron material prepared by the application is improved, the vermicular cast iron material is durable, and has certain ductility, fatigue resistance, good heat conductivity and good heat conductivity
The above description is only an example of the present invention and common general knowledge of known features in the schemes is not described herein. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the present invention, several modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A production process of copper-chromium alloy vermicular graphite cast iron is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: the following raw materials were prepared: pig iron, steel, foundry returns, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, copper, ferrochromium, carburant, vermiculizer, inoculant and covering agent; wherein the mass ratio of the pig iron to the steel to the foundry returns is 4: 2.5-3.5: 2.5-3.5;
(2) raw material classification: charging pig iron, steel and foundry returns into a first container, and charging ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, carburant, copper and ferrochrome into a second container;
(3) smelting in an electric furnace: putting copper and iron-chromium alloy into a furnace bottom, starting the furnace for smelting, keeping the smelting temperature at 1500-;
(4) analysis and control: in the smelting process, the iron liquid is taken at the temperature of 1350-: cu: 0.4 to 1.0 percent; cr: 0.1 to 0.4 percent; mn: 0.4 to 1.0 percent; s: less than or equal to 0.02 percent; p: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; ti: less than or equal to 0.04 percent; taking iron liquid at 1480-1520 ℃ for thermal analysis, and controlling the following elements in the following ranges: c: 3.6 to 3.9 percent; si: 1.8 to 2.1 percent;
(5) drying and packaging: drying a vermiculizer, an inoculant and a covering agent, wherein the mass ratios of the vermiculizer, the inoculant and the covering agent to the molten iron are 0.3-0.5%, 0.45-0.55% and 0.45-0.55%, respectively, using a dam-type pouring treatment bag, and filling the vermiculizer, the inoculant and the covering agent into the dam-type pouring treatment bag when the temperature of the treatment bag is controlled at 300-500 ℃; the dam bottom is packed and compacted according to the sequence of a vermiculizer, an inoculant and a covering agent, and the inoculant is fully covered by the covering agent; covering a dam type pouring treatment ladle cover, wherein the ladle cover is provided with a liquid discharge hole which is opposite to a ladle at the dam bottom;
(6) vermicular treatment: pouring the molten iron into a dam type pouring treatment ladle, and reacting the molten iron with a vermiculizer and an inoculant; pouring the mixture into the reactor for one time to treat two thirds of the amount of the iron liquid; detonating the vermiculizer by molten iron within the range of 8-12s, and controlling the temperature at 1455 ℃;
(7) secondary inoculation treatment: after the reaction is stable, pouring the rest one third of the molten iron, and simultaneously adding an inoculant accounting for 0.3 percent of the total amount of the molten iron;
(8) and (3) detection: after the vermicular treatment, the following components were measured by a spectrometer in the following ranges: mg: 0.005-0.018%, rare earth: 0.02-0.04%; si: 2.0-2.4%; c: 3.6 to 3.9 percent; mn: 0.6 to 0.8 percent; p: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; s: less than or equal to 0.02 percent; cu: 0.72 to 0.8 percent; cr: 0.10 to 0.19 percent;
in the step (1), pig iron is pig iron Q10, and steel is leftover materials of Q235 punching plates; the ferrosilicon alloy is FeSi75Al0.5-A;
the vermiculizer is RH-2, and the proportion of each component of the vermiculizer is as follows; si: 40-45%, Mg: 5-6%, La: 4-6%, Ce: 4-6%, Ca: 1.5-2.5%, impurities: less than or equal to 2 percent, and the balance being Fe; the grain size of the vermiculizer is 5-25 mm.
2. The production process of the copper-chromium alloy vermicular cast iron according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ferromanganese alloy is FeMn64, and the proportion of each component is as follows: mn: 60.0-67%, C: less than or equal to 7.0 percent, Si: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, S: less than or equal to 1.0 percent and the balance of Fe.
3. The production process of the copper-chromium alloy vermicular cast iron according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inoculant is FeSi75Al0.5-A; wherein the proportion of each component is as follows: si: 74.0-80.0%, Al: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Ca: less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 0.4 percent, Cr: less than or equal to 0.3 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.035%, S: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, C: less than or equal to 0.1 percent and the balance of Fe.
4. The production process of the copper-chromium alloy vermicular cast iron according to claim 1, characterized in that: the covering agent is perlite.
5. The production process of the copper-chromium alloy vermicular cast iron according to claim 1, characterized in that: the recarburizing agent is a graphitized recarburizing agent, wherein the components are as follows: c: not less than 98.5%, S: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, N: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; the particle size of the graphitized carburant is 0-5 mm.
6. The production process of the copper-chromium alloy vermicular cast iron according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pig iron Q10 comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: not less than 3.40%, Si: 0.5-1.0%, Mn: less than or equal to 0.2 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.05%, S: less than or equal to 0.02 percent and the balance of Fe.
7. The production process of the copper-chromium alloy vermicular cast iron according to claim 6, characterized in that: the proportion of each part of the steel is as follows: c: 0.12 to 0.22%, Si: less than or equal to 0.35 percent, Mn: 0.3-0.8%, S: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.02 percent and the balance of Fe.
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| KR20030087484A (en) * | 2002-05-10 | 2003-11-14 | 현대자동차주식회사 | A composition of compacted graphite iron ferrite |
| CN101381838A (en) * | 2008-10-17 | 2009-03-11 | 河南省中原内配股份有限公司 | Vermicular cast iron cylinder liner and preparation method thereof |
| US20140161657A1 (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2014-06-12 | Hyundai Motor Company | Compacted graphite iron, engine cylinder head and vehicle |
| CN103993216A (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2014-08-20 | 广东美芝精密制造有限公司 | Plunger for compressor pump body, production method thereof as well as compressor and refrigeration equipment |
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| KR20030087484A (en) * | 2002-05-10 | 2003-11-14 | 현대자동차주식회사 | A composition of compacted graphite iron ferrite |
| CN101381838A (en) * | 2008-10-17 | 2009-03-11 | 河南省中原内配股份有限公司 | Vermicular cast iron cylinder liner and preparation method thereof |
| US20140161657A1 (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2014-06-12 | Hyundai Motor Company | Compacted graphite iron, engine cylinder head and vehicle |
| CN103993216A (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2014-08-20 | 广东美芝精密制造有限公司 | Plunger for compressor pump body, production method thereof as well as compressor and refrigeration equipment |
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