EP0415089B1 - Axial sealing - Google Patents
Axial sealing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0415089B1 EP0415089B1 EP90114439A EP90114439A EP0415089B1 EP 0415089 B1 EP0415089 B1 EP 0415089B1 EP 90114439 A EP90114439 A EP 90114439A EP 90114439 A EP90114439 A EP 90114439A EP 0415089 B1 EP0415089 B1 EP 0415089B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- locking ring
- axial seal
- gap
- accordance
- ring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C15/00—Component parts, details or accessories of machines, pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C2/00 - F04C14/00
- F04C15/0003—Sealing arrangements in rotary-piston machines or pumps
- F04C15/0023—Axial sealings for working fluid
Definitions
- the invention relates to an axial seal for insertion into an axially aligned groove and for sealing a radially extending gap, in particular the gap between the pressure plate and the housing of hydraulic pumps.
- suction areas and pressure areas occur in the rotating elements, which are covered by pressure plates and sealed up to a permitted leakage oil level.
- parts of the back of the pressure plate are under hydraulic pressure, and these high pressure areas often have to be sealed against low pressure areas which are also on the back of the pressure plate.
- a vane ring with a round cross-section is usually used in vane pumps, alone if the gap to be sealed is not greater than 0.1 mm, or together with a lateral support ring if the gap is in the range of 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm is. Because of the considerable pressure drop in hydraulic pumps, the rubber ring is extruded through the gap when the rubber ring encounters a gap width of more than 0.1 mm.
- the support ring is arranged laterally to the rubber ring in such a way that it reduces the gap to be sealed, that is to say it forms one from the groove into the gap to be sealed protruding wall, which narrows the local gap width to low pressure, so that the rubber seal there can not be extruded into this low pressure area.
- the gap is sealed solely by the sealing ring, which is pressed against both the groove base and the machine component opposite the groove.
- a disadvantage of the previous method of sealing such gaps is the assembly effort for inserting the support ring and the rubber ring into the axially aligned groove.
- Another disadvantage is that the support ring and the sealing ring are covered when the pump is installed, so that it is not noticed when one of these elements slips out of the groove. The error is only determined during the test run of the pump if it does not reach the necessary pressure.
- the invention has for its object to provide an axial seal of the type mentioned, which can be easily installed, for example by automatic machines.
- a locking ring made of extrusion-resistant, but still resilient thermoplastic has a pressure surface running parallel to the gap to be sealed, that a sealing ring made of a rubber-elastic material is arranged on the side of the locking ring opposite the pressure surface, and that locking ring and the sealing ring are permanently connected to one another and have an axial extent which slightly exceeds the groove depth and gap width.
- the pressure surface rests on the machine part opposite the groove and, as soon as the hydraulic pressure is built up, is pressed more strongly, since the oil in the groove comes under pressure, the sealing ring presses against the groove wall and thus an expanding force generates the good cause of the locking ring protruding wall, which narrows the local gap width to low pressure, so that the rubber seal there can not be extruded into this low pressure area.
- the gap is sealed solely by the sealing ring, which is pressed against both the groove base and the machine component opposite the groove.
- a disadvantage of the previous method of sealing such gaps is the assembly effort for inserting the support ring and the rubber ring into the axially aligned groove. Another disadvantage is that the support ring and the sealing ring are covered when the pump is installed, so that it is not noticed when one of these elements slips out of the groove. The error is only determined during the test run of the pump if it does not reach the necessary pressure. From DE-A-344 56 86 a seal for sealing two adjacent surfaces, one of which has a groove, is known, wherein in the groove a sealing part can be attached, the plastically deformable, preferably spaced apart, preferably connected to the sealing part Has pins which are dimensioned such that the sealing part protrudes from the groove in the unmounted state.
- the seal described here has the disadvantage that due to the U-shaped sealing part in the region of a radially extending gap, the axially extending sealing parts can be easily extruded into the gap because of the considerable pressure drop.
- the stamped design of the pins already mentioned allows the entire sealing arrangement to slide sideways given the pressure drops to be expected for hydraulic pumps.
- a seal made of an elastic material is known which interacts with two rigid rings each forming an annular abutment. Because of its construction, this seal is not suitable for sealing radially running gaps under a considerable pressure drop, since the rigid rings mentioned are at best suitable for sealing axially running gaps.
- the invention has for its object to provide an axial seal of the type mentioned, which can be easily installed, for example by automatic machines.
- a locking ring made of extrusion-resistant, but still resilient thermoplastic has a pressure surface running parallel to the gap to be sealed, that a sealing ring made of a rubber-elastic material is arranged on the side of the locking ring opposite the pressure surface, and that locking ring and the sealing ring are permanently connected.
- thermoplastic of the locking ring is on the one hand so resiliently deformable under the pressure that it adapts to the roughness of the component opposite the groove, on the other hand so tight that it is not extruded through the gap to be sealed. In any case, this applies up to a gap width of 0.4 mm, which allows generous tolerances of the pump components and thus lower manufacturing costs.
- this can be reinforced by fibers which are inserted in the thermoplastic. Glass fibers as a reinforcement have proven particularly useful.
- the pressure surface of the locking ring should be at least as large as the cross-sectional area of the sealing ring in planes parallel to the gap to be sealed. Such dimensions favor the build-up of hydraulic pressure on the back of the locking ring.
- the groove is thus largely filled by the sealing ring, which, however, leaves space for high-pressure oil penetrating into the groove, while the thinner locking ring is pressed like a piston against the component opposite the groove and blocks the sealing gap.
- the locking ring has a thickness that exceeds the gap width and is supported on the groove edge adjacent to the gap on the low-pressure side.
- the new axial seal can be made by punching out a two-layer material, the first layer contains the high-strength thermoplastic and optionally the fiber insert and the second layer contains the rubber-elastic material.
- the axial seal can also be assembled from a separately produced locking ring and sealing ring by gluing them together in pairs or vulcanizing them together.
- Fig. 1 shows a vane pump provided as a power steering pump in a combined, horizontal and vertical longitudinal section. Below the machine axis 1-1, the cutting plane runs horizontally with the exception of the pump outlet 2, and above the axis 1-1, the cutting plane is vertical.
- a pot-shaped pump housing main part 3 and a pump housing cover 4 are provided, which are screwed together in a sealed manner and enclose a cavity 3a in which a pump package 5 is accommodated.
- the pump package 5 contains a rotor 6 with vanes 7 guided in slots, a lifting ring 8, a pressure plate 9 and a wear plate 10, which are held together by pins 11, with a fixing to the pump housing cover 4 optionally taking place.
- the rotor 6 is driven by a shaft 12.
- a pressure chamber 13 which continues in the direction of the axis 1 into a valve chamber for receiving a valve 14 which is designed as a combined flow control and pressure limiting valve.
- a Valve spring 15 urges valve 14 against the back of pressure plate 9 with a force of approximately 46 Newtons.
- a vertical or slightly inclined supply channel 17 leads from a storage container 16 into a knee-shaped curved intake channel 18, which leads to an opening 20 in the pressure plate 9. Since the thickness of the pump package 5 in the axial direction is necessarily a small amount less than the dimension of the interior 3a of the pump housing 3, there is a gap 21 between the bottom surface 22 of the pump housing 3 and the rear side 24 of the pressure plate 9. This gap 21 has one axial width of 0.1 to 0.4 mm and connects the pressure area 13 with the suction area 18, 20 and must therefore be sealed. For this purpose, an axial seal 30 surrounding the suction channels 18, 20 is provided, which is accommodated in an annular groove 25 of the pressure plate 9. The annular groove could just as easily be provided in the pump housing 3.
- the gap 21 has a pressure-side area 21a and a suction-side area 21b, which are sealed off from one another by means of the seal 30. Accordingly, there is a pressure-side groove flank 26 and a suction-side flank 27, which are connected to one another via the groove bottom 28.
- the axial seal 30 consists of a locking ring 31 and a sealing ring 41, which are integrally or integrally connected to one another.
- a pressure surface 32 or a connecting surface 34 of the locking ring each run parallel to the boundary surfaces 22, 24 of the gap 21, and side surfaces 36 and 37 of the locking ring 31 run parallel to the groove flanks 26, 27.
- the boundary surfaces of the sealing ring 41 are side surfaces 46, 47 or connecting surface 44 and pressure surface 48 have been designated.
- the thickness of the locking ring 31 is less than that of the sealing ring 41, while the dimension in Direction of the gap are approximately the same or that of the sealing ring is a little less.
- the minimum thickness of the locking ring 31 depends on the width of the gap 21, which must be covered well, with a certain protrusion from the surface 27 still being required.
- the locking ring With a sealing gap width of approximately 0.4 mm, the locking ring has a thickness of approximately 1 mm.
- Locking ring and sealing ring taken together have a thickness which is slightly greater than the depth of the groove 25 and the width of the gap 21, so that in the installed state there is a compression of 20 to 30% of the sealing ring 41.
- With a width of the sealing ring 41 of 1.8 mm and a height of 2 mm there is a contact pressure of approximately 380 Newtons, with which the surface 32 of the locking ring 31 rests on the surface 22 of the pump housing.
- the hydraulic pressure penetrates into the groove 25 via gaps and urges the sealing ring 41 against the groove surface 27, which lies on the lower pressure side of the gap 21.
- the level of the pressure can fluctuate greatly during operation.
- the deformability of the sealing ring 41 leads to a pressure effect similar to that of a liquid, i.e. H. the locking ring 31 is pressed against the surface 22 with a force corresponding to the size of the surface 34.
- the surface 22 has the usual processing roughness, so that - in order to achieve a sealing effect - the locking ring 31 on its surface 32 must show a certain degree of flexibility in order to envelop grooves and elevations in the surface 22.
- the flexibility of the locking ring 31 must not be so great that it is extruded through the gap 21.
- the locking ring 31 must have a core strength which allows it to withstand the considerable hydraulic pressures, while the surface must be sufficiently soft to adapt to the roughness of machine components.
- Thermoplastic which can be selected with the necessary properties, are suitable as the material of the locking ring.
- polytetrafluoroethylene is suitable, its core strength through inserted fibers. for example glass fibers, can be increased so that the axial seal according to the invention withstands considerable pressures of, for example, 240 bar and above.
- PTFE is known to deform permanently after a certain load, which is referred to as creep or cold flow. This property is not undesirable here, because the surface of the locking ring can adapt to the unevenness of the metallic counter surfaces.
- PTFE is also easily vulcanizable with rubber materials, so that it can be expected that the sealing ring will not come loose from the locking ring during operation despite shear stress.
- PTFE can also be filled with other materials such as carbon, graphite, molybdenum sulfide or bronze to increase the resistance to cold flow.
- Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer can also be used as a material for the locking ring, especially since this material is easy to process.
- Polyterephthalate is also well suited for the intended purpose, since it can be easily vulcanized with the sealing ring.
- polyamides with or without a glass fiber insert are also suitable for the intended purpose, in particular of quality level PA 6.6, since the tough, hard material structure means that hardly any cold flow can be expected under the pressures to be expected and that the sealing ring also has good vulcanizability.
- the first layer of which is the thermoplastic and, if appropriate, the Contains fiber insert and the second layer consists of rubber-elastic material.
- the desired outline shapes are punched out of this two-layer material, a punched cross-sectional shape with pillow-shaped flanks resulting from the resilient, rubber-elastic material, as shown in FIG. 2.
- the axial seal from separately produced locking rings and sealing rings which are glued or vulcanized to one another along their connecting surface 34 or 44 or - if the requirements are less - are glued.
- Other thermoplastics are also considered for the locking ring, which will be selected depending on the other requirements at the place of use (temperature resistance, chemical resistance, mechanical abrasion resistance).
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Axialdichtung zur Einfügung in eine axial ausgerichtete Nut und zur Abdichtung eines sich radial erstreckenden Spaltes, insbesondere des Spaltes zwischen Druckplatte und Gehäuse von Hydropumpen.The invention relates to an axial seal for insertion into an axially aligned groove and for sealing a radially extending gap, in particular the gap between the pressure plate and the housing of hydraulic pumps.
In Rotationskolbenpumpen, wie Flügelzellenpumpen und Zahnradpumpen, kommen bei den rotierenden Elementen Saugbereiche und Druckbereiche vor, die durch Druckplatten abgedeckt und bis zu einem erlaubten Leckölmaß abgedichtet werden. Um den Anpreßdruck zu erzeugen, stehen Teile der Rückseite der Druckplatte unter hydraulischem Druck, und häufig müssen diese Hochdruckbereiche gegen Niederdruckbereiche, die sich ebenfalls auf der Rückseite der Druckplatte befinden, abgedichtet werden. Zu diesem Zweck ist entweder in der Druckplatte oder im benachbarten Gehäuse eine axial ausgerichtete Nut vorhanden, in der eine Dichtung eingelegt ist, um den sich radial erstreckenden Spalt zwischen Druckplatte und Gehäuse abzudichten. In Flügelzellenpumpen wird gewöhnlich ein Dichtring mit rundem Querschnitt verwendet, und zwar allein, wenn der abzudichtende Spalt nicht größer als 0,1 mm ist, bzw. zusammen mit einem seitlichen Stützring, wenn der Spalt im Bereich von 0,1 mm und 0,5 mm ist. Wegen des erheblichen Druckgefälles in Hydropumpen wird nämlich der Gummiring durch den Spalt extrudiert, wenn der Gummiring eine Spaltweite über 0,1 mm antrifft. Der Stützring ist seitlich zu dem Gummiring so angeordnet, daß er den abzudichtenden Spalt verkleinert, d. h. er bildet gewissermaßen eine aus der Nut in den abzudichtenden Spalt hineinragende Wand, welche die örtliche Spaltweite zum niedrigen Druck hin verengt, so daß die dort anliegende Gummidichtung nicht in diesen Niederdruckbereich hinein extrudiert werden kann. Die Abdichtung des Spaltes erfolgt aber allein durch den Dichtring, der sowohl an den Nutgrund als auch an dem der Nut gegenüberliegenden Maschinenbauteil angepreßt wird.In rotary piston pumps, such as vane pumps and gear pumps, suction areas and pressure areas occur in the rotating elements, which are covered by pressure plates and sealed up to a permitted leakage oil level. In order to generate the contact pressure, parts of the back of the pressure plate are under hydraulic pressure, and these high pressure areas often have to be sealed against low pressure areas which are also on the back of the pressure plate. For this purpose, there is either an axially aligned groove in the pressure plate or in the adjacent housing, in which a seal is inserted in order to seal the radially extending gap between the pressure plate and the housing. A vane ring with a round cross-section is usually used in vane pumps, alone if the gap to be sealed is not greater than 0.1 mm, or together with a lateral support ring if the gap is in the range of 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm is. Because of the considerable pressure drop in hydraulic pumps, the rubber ring is extruded through the gap when the rubber ring encounters a gap width of more than 0.1 mm. The support ring is arranged laterally to the rubber ring in such a way that it reduces the gap to be sealed, that is to say it forms one from the groove into the gap to be sealed protruding wall, which narrows the local gap width to low pressure, so that the rubber seal there can not be extruded into this low pressure area. However, the gap is sealed solely by the sealing ring, which is pressed against both the groove base and the machine component opposite the groove.
Nachteilig an der bisherigen Art und Weise der Abdichtung von derartigen Spalten ist der Montageaufwand zur Einfügung des Stützringes und des Gummiringes in die axial ausgerichtete Nut. Ein weiterer Nachteil besteht darin, daß der Stützring und der Dichtring bei der Montage der Pumpe verdeckt sind, so daß man es nicht bemerkt, wenn eines dieser Elemente aus der Nut herausrutscht. Der Fehler wird erst beim Probelauf der Pumpe festgestellt, wenn diese nicht auf den notwendigen Druck kommt.A disadvantage of the previous method of sealing such gaps is the assembly effort for inserting the support ring and the rubber ring into the axially aligned groove. Another disadvantage is that the support ring and the sealing ring are covered when the pump is installed, so that it is not noticed when one of these elements slips out of the groove. The error is only determined during the test run of the pump if it does not reach the necessary pressure.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Axialdichtung der eingangs angegebenen Art zu schaffen, die einfach montiert werden kann, beispielsweise auch durch Automaten.The invention has for its object to provide an axial seal of the type mentioned, which can be easily installed, for example by automatic machines.
Die gestellte Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß ein Sperring aus extrusionsfestem, jedoch noch an der Oberfläche nachgiebigem Thermoplast eine parallel zum abzudichtenden Spalt verlaufende Andruckfläche aufweist, daß ein Dichtring aus einem gummielastischen Werkstoff auf der zur Andruckfläche gegenüberliegenden Seite des Sperringes angeordnet ist, und daß Sperring und Dichtring dauerhaft miteinander verbunden sind und eine axiale Erstreckung aufweisen, welche die Nuttiefe und Spaltweite ein wenig übersteigt.The object is achieved in that a locking ring made of extrusion-resistant, but still resilient thermoplastic has a pressure surface running parallel to the gap to be sealed, that a sealing ring made of a rubber-elastic material is arranged on the side of the locking ring opposite the pressure surface, and that locking ring and the sealing ring are permanently connected to one another and have an axial extent which slightly exceeds the groove depth and gap width.
Beim Zusammenbau der Hydropumpe legt sich die Andruckfläche an das der Nut gegenüberstehende Maschinenteil an und wird, sobald der Hydrodruck aufgebaut wird, stärker angepreßt, da das Öl in der Nut auf Druck kommt, den Dichtring zur Anlage an die eine Nutwand drängt und somit eine Spreizkraft erzeugt, die zu dem guten Anliegen des Sperringes hineinragende Wand, welche die örtliche Spaltweite zum niedrigen Druck hin verengt, so daß die dort anliegende Gummidichtung nicht in diesen Niederdruckbereich hinein extrudiert werden kann. Die Abdichtung des Spaltes erfolgt aber allein durch den Dichtring, der sowohl an den Nutgrund als auch an dem der Nut gegenüberliegenden Maschinenbauteil angepreßt wird.When assembling the hydraulic pump, the pressure surface rests on the machine part opposite the groove and, as soon as the hydraulic pressure is built up, is pressed more strongly, since the oil in the groove comes under pressure, the sealing ring presses against the groove wall and thus an expanding force generates the good cause of the locking ring protruding wall, which narrows the local gap width to low pressure, so that the rubber seal there can not be extruded into this low pressure area. However, the gap is sealed solely by the sealing ring, which is pressed against both the groove base and the machine component opposite the groove.
Nachteilig an der bisherigen Art und Weise der Abdichtung von derartigen Spalten ist der Montageaufwand zur Einfügung des Stützringes und des Gummiringes in die axial ausgerichtete Nut. Ein weiterer Nachteil besteht darin, daß der Stützring und der Dichtring bei der Montage der Pumpe verdeckt sind, so daß man es nicht bemerkt, wenn eines dieser Elemente aus der Nut herausrutscht. Der Fehler wird erst beim Probelauf der Pumpe festgestellt, wenn diese nicht auf den notwendigen Druck kommt.
Aus der DE-A-344 56 86 ist eine Dichtung zum Abdichten von zwei benachbarten Oberflächen, von denen eine eine Nut hat, bekannt, wobei in der Nut ein Dichtungsteil anbringbar ist, das im Abstand voneinander angeordnete, vorzugsweise mit dem Dichtungsteil verbundene plastisch deformierbare Stifte aufweist, die so bemessen sind, daß ein Hinausragen des Dichtungsteils aus der Nut in unmontiertem Zustand gegeben ist. Die hier beschriebene Dichtung hat den Nachteil, daß aufgrund des U-förmig ausgebildeten Dichtungsteiles im Bereich eines sich radial erstreckenden Spaltes die axial verlaufenden Dichtungsteile wegen des erheblichen Druckgefälles leicht in den Spalt extrudiert werden können. Die stempelhafte Ausbildung der bereits erwähnten Stifte läßt ein seitliches Verrutschen der gesamten Dichtungsanordnung bei den zu erwartenden Druckgefällen bei Hydropumpen erwarten.
Aus der GB-A-218 66 41 ist eine Dichtung aus einem elastischen Material bekannt, die mit zwei jeweils ein ringförmiges Widerlager bildenden starren Ringen zusammenwirkt. Aufgrund ihres Aufbaus ist diese Dichtung nicht geeignet, radial verlaufende unter einem erheblichen Druckgefälle stehende Spalten abzudichten, da die erwähnten starren Ringe allenfalls geeignet sind, axial verlaufende Spalten abzudichten.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Axialdichtung der eingangs angegebenen Art zu schaffen, die einfach montiert werden kann, beispielsweise auch durch Automaten.A disadvantage of the previous method of sealing such gaps is the assembly effort for inserting the support ring and the rubber ring into the axially aligned groove. Another disadvantage is that the support ring and the sealing ring are covered when the pump is installed, so that it is not noticed when one of these elements slips out of the groove. The error is only determined during the test run of the pump if it does not reach the necessary pressure.
From DE-A-344 56 86 a seal for sealing two adjacent surfaces, one of which has a groove, is known, wherein in the groove a sealing part can be attached, the plastically deformable, preferably spaced apart, preferably connected to the sealing part Has pins which are dimensioned such that the sealing part protrudes from the groove in the unmounted state. The seal described here has the disadvantage that due to the U-shaped sealing part in the region of a radially extending gap, the axially extending sealing parts can be easily extruded into the gap because of the considerable pressure drop. The stamped design of the pins already mentioned allows the entire sealing arrangement to slide sideways given the pressure drops to be expected for hydraulic pumps.
From GB-A-218 66 41 a seal made of an elastic material is known which interacts with two rigid rings each forming an annular abutment. Because of its construction, this seal is not suitable for sealing radially running gaps under a considerable pressure drop, since the rigid rings mentioned are at best suitable for sealing axially running gaps.
The invention has for its object to provide an axial seal of the type mentioned, which can be easily installed, for example by automatic machines.
Die gestellte Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß ein Sperring aus extrusionsfestem, jedoch noch an der Oberfläche nachgiebigem Thermoplast eine parallel zum abzudichtenden Spalt verlaufende Andruckfläche aufweist, daß ein Dichtring aus einem gummielastischen Werkstoff auf der zur Andruckfläche gegenüberliegenden Seite des Sperringes angeordnet ist, und daß Sperring und Dichtring dauerhaft miteinander verbunden sind.The object is achieved in that a locking ring made of extrusion-resistant, but still resilient thermoplastic has a pressure surface running parallel to the gap to be sealed, that a sealing ring made of a rubber-elastic material is arranged on the side of the locking ring opposite the pressure surface, and that locking ring and the sealing ring are permanently connected.
Beim Zusammenbau der Hydropumpe legt sich die Andruckfläche an das der Nut gegenüberstehende Maschinenteil an und wird, sobald der Hydrodruck aufgebaut wird, stärker angepreßt, da das Öl in der Nut auf Druck kommt, den Dichtring zur Anlage an die eine Nutwand drängt und somit eine Spreizkraft erzeugt, die zu dem guten Anliegen des Sperringes beiträgt. Bemerkenswert ist der Umstand, daß es nicht darauf ankommt, von welcher Spaltseite her der Dichtring mit Hydrodruck beaufschlagt wird.When assembling the hydraulic pump, the pressure surface rests on the machine part opposite the groove and, as soon as the hydraulic pressure is built up, is pressed more strongly, since the oil in the groove comes under pressure, the sealing ring presses against the groove wall and thus an expanding force generates the good cause of the locking ring contributes. It is remarkable that it does not matter from which gap side the sealing ring is acted upon by hydraulic pressure.
Der Thermoplast des Sperrings ist unter dem auftretenden Druck einerseits so weit nachgiebig verformbar, daß er sich Rauhigkeiten des der Nut gegenüberliegenden Bauteils anpaßt, andererseits so fest, daß er nicht durch den abzudichtenden Spalt extrudiert wird. Dies gilt jedenfalls bis zu einer Spaltbreite von 0,4 mm, welche großzügige Toleranzen der Pumpenbauteile und damit geringere Herstellungskosten gestattet.The thermoplastic of the locking ring is on the one hand so resiliently deformable under the pressure that it adapts to the roughness of the component opposite the groove, on the other hand so tight that it is not extruded through the gap to be sealed. In any case, this applies up to a gap width of 0.4 mm, which allows generous tolerances of the pump components and thus lower manufacturing costs.
Um die Extrusionsfestigkeit des Sperringes zu verbessern, kann dieser durch Fasern verstärkt sein, die in dem Thermoplast eingelegt sind. Glasfasern als Verstärkung haben sich besonders bewährt.In order to improve the extrusion strength of the locking ring, this can be reinforced by fibers which are inserted in the thermoplastic. Glass fibers as a reinforcement have proven particularly useful.
Mit mancherlei Thermoplasten kann der erforderliche Kompromiß zwischen Anpassungsfähigkeit an die Rauhigkeiten von Maschinenbauteilen und die Extrusionsfestigkeit erzielt werden; als sehr gut geeignet haben sich Polytetrafluorethylen und Polyamid als Werkstoff des Sperringes herausgestellt.The required compromise between adaptability to the roughness of machine components and the extrusion resistance can be achieved with various thermoplastics; polytetrafluoroethylene and polyamide have proven to be very suitable as the material of the locking ring.
Die Andruckfläche des Sperringes sollte wenigstens so groß sein wie die Querschnittsfläche des Dichtringes in Ebenen parallel zu dem abzudichtenden Spalt. Derartige Abmessungen begünstigen den Aufbau von Hydrodruck auf der Rückseite des Sperringes. Bei üblichen Nutquerschnitten ist es günstig, wenn die Dicke des Dichtringes diejenige des Sperringes übersteigt. Die Nut wird somit weitgehend von dem Dichtring ausgefüllt, der allerdings Platz für in die Nut eindringendes Hochdrucköl läßt, während der dünnere Sperring kolbenartig an das der Nut gegenüberliegende Bauteil angepreßt wird und den Dichtspalt sperrt. Der Sperring weist eine die Spaltbreite übersteigende Dicke auf und stützt sich an dem Nutrand benachbart dem niederdruckseitigen Spalt ab.The pressure surface of the locking ring should be at least as large as the cross-sectional area of the sealing ring in planes parallel to the gap to be sealed. Such dimensions favor the build-up of hydraulic pressure on the back of the locking ring. In conventional groove cross sections, it is advantageous if the thickness of the sealing ring exceeds that of the locking ring. The groove is thus largely filled by the sealing ring, which, however, leaves space for high-pressure oil penetrating into the groove, while the thinner locking ring is pressed like a piston against the component opposite the groove and blocks the sealing gap. The locking ring has a thickness that exceeds the gap width and is supported on the groove edge adjacent to the gap on the low-pressure side.
Die neue Axialdichtung kann durch Ausstanzen aus einem zweischichtigen Material hergestellt werden, dessen erste Schicht das hochfeste Thermoplast sowie gegebenenfalls die Fasereinlage und dessen zweite Schicht den gummielastischen Werkstoff enthält. Die Axialdichtung kann auch aus gesondert hergestelltem Sperring und Dichtring zusammengebaut werden, indem diese paarweise miteinander verklebt oder miteinander vulkanisiert werden.The new axial seal can be made by punching out a two-layer material, the first layer contains the high-strength thermoplastic and optionally the fiber insert and the second layer contains the rubber-elastic material. The axial seal can also be assembled from a separately produced locking ring and sealing ring by gluing them together in pairs or vulcanizing them together.
Die Erfindung wird anhand der Zeichnung beschrieben. Dabei zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- einen Längsschnitt durch eine Flügelzellenpumpe,
- Fig. 2
- eine vergrößerte Einzelheit daraus im Ruhezustand der Pumpe,
- Fig. 3
- dieselbe Einzelheit während des Betriebs der Pumpe und
- Fig. 4 bis 6
- diverse Ausführungsformen der Axialdichtung.
- Fig. 1
- a longitudinal section through a vane pump,
- Fig. 2
- an enlarged detail of this in the idle state of the pump,
- Fig. 3
- the same detail during the operation of the pump and
- 4 to 6
- various embodiments of the axial seal.
Fig. 1 zeigt eine als Lenkhilfpumpe vorgesehene Flügelzellenpumpe in einem kombinierten, Horizontal- und Vertikal-Längsschnitt. Unterhalb der Maschinenachse 1-1 verläuft die Schnittebene horizontal mit Ausnahme des Pumpenauslasses 2, und oberhalb der Achse 1-1 ist die Schnittebene vertikal. Es sind ein topfförmiges Pumpengehäuse-Hauptteil 3 und ein Pumpengehäusedeckel 4 vorgesehen, die abgedichtet miteinander verschraubt sind und einen Hohlraum 3a einschließen, in welchem ein Pumpenpaket 5 untergebracht ist. Das Pumpenpaket 5 enthält einen Rotor 6 mit in Schlitzen geführten Flügeln 7, einen Hubring 8, eine Druckplatte 9 und eine Verschleißplatte 10, die über Stifte 11 zusammengehalten werden, wobei gegebenenfalls eine Fixierung an dem Pumpengehäusedeckel 4 erfolgt. Der Rotor 6 wird mit einer Welle 12 angetrieben.Fig. 1 shows a vane pump provided as a power steering pump in a combined, horizontal and vertical longitudinal section. Below the machine axis 1-1, the cutting plane runs horizontally with the exception of the pump outlet 2, and above the axis 1-1, the cutting plane is vertical. A pot-shaped pump housing
Hinter der Druckplatte 9 befindet sich ein Druckraum 13, der sich in Richtung der Achse 1 in einen Ventilraum zur Aufnahme eines Ventils 14 fortsetzt, welches als kombiniertes Stromregel- und Druckbegrenzungsventil ausgebildet ist. Eine Ventilfeder 15 drängt das Ventil 14 mit einer Kraft von etwa 46 Newton gegen die Rückseite der Druckplatte 9.Behind the
Von einem Vorratsbehälter 16 führt ein vertikaler oder leicht schräg geneigter Zuführkanal 17 in einen knieförmig gebogenen Ansaugkanal 18, der zu einer Öffnung 20 in der Druckplatte 9 führt. Da die Dicke des Pumpenpakets 5 in axialer Richtung notwendigerweise um einen geringen Betrag geringer als die Abmessung des Innenraums 3a des Pumpengehäuses 3 ist, existiert ein Spalt 21 zwischen der Bodenfläche 22 des Pumpengehäuses 3 und der Rückseite 24 der Druckplatte 9. Dieser Spalt 21 weist eine axiale Weite von 0,1 bis 0,4 mm auf und verbindet den Druckbereich 13 mit den Saugbereich 18, 20 und muß deshalb abgedichtet werden. Zu diesem Zweck ist eine die Saugkanäle 18, 20 umgebende Axialdichtung 30 vorgesehen, die in einer Ringnut 25 der Druckplatte 9 untergebracht ist. Die Ringnut könnte genauso gut in dem Pumpengehäuse 3 vorgesehen sein.A vertical or slightly
In Fig. 2 und 3 sind der Spalt 21, die Ringnut 25 und die Axialdichtung 30 näher dargestellt. Der Spalt 21 weist einen druckseitigen Bereich 21a und einen saugseitigen Bereich 21b auf, die mittels der Dichtung 30 gegeneinander abgedichtet werden. Demgemäß gibt es eine druckseitige Nutflanke 26 und eine saugseitige Flanke 27, die über den Nutboden 28 miteinander verbunden sind. Die Axialdichtung 30 besteht aus einem Sperring 31 und einem Dichtring 41, die integral oder einstückig miteinander verbunden sind. Parallel zu den Begrenzungsflächen 22, 24 des Spaltes 21 verlaufen je eine Andruckfläche 32 bzw. eine Verbindungsfläche 34 des Sperringes und parallel zu den Nutflanken 26, 27 verlaufen Seitenflächen 36 und 37 des Sperrings 31. In ähnlicher Weise sind die Begrenzungsflächen des Dichtrings 41 als Seitenflächen 46, 47 bzw. Verbindungsfläche 44 und Andruckfläche 48 bezeichnet worden.2 and 3, the
Wie ersichtlich, ist die Dicke des Sperringes 31 geringer als die des Dichtringes 41, während die Abmessung in Richtung des Spaltes etwa gleich sind bzw. die des Dichtrings ein wenig geringer ist. Die minimale Dicke des Sperrings 31 hängt von der Weite des Spaltes 21 ab, der gut überdeckt werden muß, wobei noch ein gewisser Überstand zur Fläche 27 gegeben sein muß. Bei einer Dichtspaltbreite von etwa 0,4 mm hat der Sperring eine Dicke von etwa 1 mm. Sperring und Dichtring zusammengenommen haben eine Dicke, die etwas größer ist als die Tiefe der Nut 25 und die Weite des Spalts 21, so daß sich im Einbauzustand eine Stauchung von 20 bis 30 % des Dichtringes 41 ergibt. Bei einer Breite des Dichtrings 41 von 1,8 mm und einer Höhe von 2 mm ergibt sich eine Anpreßkraft von etwa 380 Newton, mit der die Fläche 32 des Sperringes 31 auf der Fläche 22 des Pumpengehäuses anliegt.As can be seen, the thickness of the locking
Wie aus Fig. 3 ersichtlich, dringt der hydraulische Druck über Spalte in die Nut 25 ein und drängt den Dichtring 41 gegen die Nutfläche 27, die auf der druckniedrigeren Seite des Spaltes 21 liegt. Die Höhe des Druckes kann aber im Lauf des Betriebs stark schwanken. Die Verformbarkeit des Dichtrings 41 führt zu einer Druckwirkung ähnlich wie bei einer Flüssigkeit, d. h. der Sperring 31 wird mit einer Kraft entsprechend der Größe der Fläche 34 gegen die Fläche 22 gepreßt. Die Fläche 22 weist die üblichen Bearbeitungsrauhigkeiten auf, so daß - um eine Abdichtwirkung zu erzielen - der Sperring 31 an seiner Oberfläche 32 eine gewisse Nachgiebigkeit zeigen muß, um Rillen und Erhebungen der Fläche 22 einzuhüllen. Andererseits darf die Nachgiebigkeit des Sperringes 31 nicht so groß sein, daß dieser durch den Spalt 21 extrudiert wird. Mit anderen Worten: Der Sperring 31 muß eine Kernfestigkeit aufweisen, die ihn unter den erheblichen hydraulischen Drücken standhalten läßt, während die Oberfläche ausreichend weich sein muß, um sich an Rauhigkeiten von Maschinenbauteilen anzupassen.As can be seen from FIG. 3, the hydraulic pressure penetrates into the
Als Material des Sperringes eignen sich Thermoplaste, die man mit den notwendigen Eigenschaften auswählen kann. Insbesondere Polytetrafluorethylen ist geeignet, dessen Kernfestigkeit durch eingelegte Fasern. beispielsweise Glasfasern, noch erhöht werden kann, so daß die erf indungsgemäße Axialdichtung erhebliche Drücke von beispielsweise 240 bar und darüber aushält.Thermoplastic, which can be selected with the necessary properties, are suitable as the material of the locking ring. In particular, polytetrafluoroethylene is suitable, its core strength through inserted fibers. for example glass fibers, can be increased so that the axial seal according to the invention withstands considerable pressures of, for example, 240 bar and above.
Reines PTFE deformiert sich bekanntlich ab einer bestimmten Belastung bleibend, was als Kriechen oder Kaltfluß bezeichnet wird. Hier ist diese Eigenschaft nicht unerwünscht, denn die Oberfläche des Sperrings kann sich so den Unebenheiten der metallischen Gegenflächen anpassen. PTFE ist im übrigen gut mit Gummiwerkstoffen vulkanisierbar, so daß erwartet werden kann, daß sich der Dichtring im Betrieb trotz Scherbelastung nicht vom Sperring löst.Pure PTFE is known to deform permanently after a certain load, which is referred to as creep or cold flow. This property is not undesirable here, because the surface of the locking ring can adapt to the unevenness of the metallic counter surfaces. PTFE is also easily vulcanizable with rubber materials, so that it can be expected that the sealing ring will not come loose from the locking ring during operation despite shear stress.
PTFE kann auch mit anderen Materialien, wie Kohle, Graphit, Molybdänsulfid oder Bronze, gefüllt werden, um den Widerstand gegen Kaltfluß zu erhöhen.PTFE can also be filled with other materials such as carbon, graphite, molybdenum sulfide or bronze to increase the resistance to cold flow.
Weiterhin kommt Ethylen-Tetrafluorethylen-Copolymerisat (ETFE) als Werkstoff für den Sperring in Betracht, zumal sich dieses Material gut verarbeiten läßt.Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE) can also be used as a material for the locking ring, especially since this material is easy to process.
Auch Polyterephthalat ist für den vorgesehenen Zweck gut geeignet, da es sich mit dem Dichtring gut vulkanisieren läßt.Polyterephthalate is also well suited for the intended purpose, since it can be easily vulcanized with the sealing ring.
Schließlich eignen sich auch Polyamide mit, oder ohne Glasfasereinlage für den vorgesehenen Zweck, insbesondere der Qualitätsstufe PA 6.6, da die zähharte Materialstruktur kaum Kaltfließen unter den zu erwartenden Drücken erwarten läßt und ferner gute Vulkanisierbarkeit mit dem Dichtring gegeben ist.Finally, polyamides with or without a glass fiber insert are also suitable for the intended purpose, in particular of quality level PA 6.6, since the tough, hard material structure means that hardly any cold flow can be expected under the pressures to be expected and that the sealing ring also has good vulcanizability.
Beim Dichtring muß darauf geachtet werden, daß das Material gut vulkanisierbar ist, nicht einreißt und keine hohe Kerbempfindlichkeit aufweist.In the case of the sealing ring, care must be taken that the material is readily vulcanizable, does not tear and is not sensitive to notching.
Je nach der Bauform der Pumpe werden unterschiedliche Umrißformen der Axialdichtung gewählt. Die Fig. 4 bis 6 zeigen solche möglichen Ausführungsformen.Depending on the design of the pump, different outline shapes of the axial seal are selected. 4 to 6 show such possible embodiments.
Zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Axialdichtungen kann man von einem Schichtmaterial ausgehen, dessen erste Schicht das Thermoplast sowie gegebenenfalls die Fasereinlage enthält und dessen zweite Schicht aus gummielastischem Werkstoff besteht. Die gewünschten Umrißformen werden aus diesem zweischichtigen Material ausgestanzt, wobei sich wegen des nachgiebigen, gummielastischen Werkstoffes eine ausgestanzte Querschnittsform mit kissenförmig eingezogenen Flanken ergibt, wie in Fig. 2 dargestellt.To produce the axial seals according to the invention, one can start from a layer material, the first layer of which is the thermoplastic and, if appropriate, the Contains fiber insert and the second layer consists of rubber-elastic material. The desired outline shapes are punched out of this two-layer material, a punched cross-sectional shape with pillow-shaped flanks resulting from the resilient, rubber-elastic material, as shown in FIG. 2.
Es ist auch möglich, die Axialdichtung aus gesondert hergestellten Sperringen und Dichtringen aufzubauen, die entlang ihrer Verbindungsfläche 34 bzw. 44 miteinander verklebt oder vulkanisiert oder - bei geringeren Anforderungen - verklebt sind. Hierbei kommen für den Sperring auch weitere Thermoplaste in Betracht, die man je nach den sonstigen Erfordernissen am Einsatzort (Temperaturbeständigkeit, chemische Beständigkeit, mechanische Abriebfestigkeit) auswählen wird.It is also possible to construct the axial seal from separately produced locking rings and sealing rings which are glued or vulcanized to one another along their connecting
Claims (10)
- An axial seal for insertion in an axially oriented groove (25) to seal a radially extending gap (21), particularly the gap (21) between a pressure plate (9) and a casing (3) of a hydraulic pump with a two-part construction having an axial dimension exceeding the depth of the groove, characterised in that the axial seal has a locking ring (31) made of a thermoplastic which is extrusion-resistant but which is non-rigid over a pressure surface (32) extending parallel to the gap (21) for sealing, and a sealing ring (41) made of a rubber-resilient material is arranged on the side (34) of the said locking ring opposite the pressure surface (32), and the locking ring (31) and the sealing ring (41) are permanently mutually connected.
- An axial seal in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that the locking ring (31) is reinforced by means of fibres which are inserted in the thermoplastic, in order to increase the resistance to extrusion.
- An axial seal in accordance with claim 2, characterised in that glass fibres are used as a reinforcement.
- An axial seal in accordance with one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that polytetrafluoroethylene is used as a thermoplastic.
- An axial seal in accordance with one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that a polyamide is used as a thermoplastic material.
- An axial seal in accordance with one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the pressure surface (32) of the locking ring (31) is at least as large as the cross-sectional area of the sealing ring (41), in planes parallel to the gap (21) for sealing.
- An axial seal in accordance with one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the thickness of the sealing ring (41) exceeds that of the locking ring (31), and the thickness of the locking ring (31) exceeds that of the gap (21).
- An axial seal in accordance with one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the locking ring (31) has a softer surface and a harder core.
- An axial seal in accordance with one of claims 1 to 8, characterised by production thereof by punching out of a double-layer material, the first layer thereof comprising the thermoplastic and optionally the inserted fibres, and the second layer thereof comprising the rubber resilient material.
- An axial seal in accordance with one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the locking ring (31) and the sealing ring (41) are produced separately, and are stuck together or vulcanised in pairs.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3925269A DE3925269A1 (en) | 1989-07-31 | 1989-07-31 | AXIAL SEAL |
| DE3925269 | 1989-07-31 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0415089A2 EP0415089A2 (en) | 1991-03-06 |
| EP0415089A3 EP0415089A3 (en) | 1992-01-15 |
| EP0415089B1 true EP0415089B1 (en) | 1994-06-01 |
Family
ID=6386193
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90114439A Expired - Lifetime EP0415089B1 (en) | 1989-07-31 | 1990-07-27 | Axial sealing |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0415089B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE106501T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3925269A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL9101422A (en) * | 1991-08-23 | 1993-03-16 | Doornes Transmissie Bv | ROTARY PUMP. |
| DE4326627B4 (en) * | 1993-08-07 | 2004-10-07 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Vane pump |
| DE102005014297A1 (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2006-10-05 | Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg | Housing for an electronic device and sealing ring for a housing |
| DE102015017078B4 (en) | 2015-04-17 | 2019-10-24 | Schwäbische Hüttenwerke Automotive GmbH | pump |
| DE102015105933B4 (en) * | 2015-04-17 | 2018-04-26 | Schwäbische Hüttenwerke Automotive GmbH | pump |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2847711A1 (en) * | 1978-11-03 | 1980-05-14 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | GEAR MACHINE (PUMP OR HYDROMOTOR) |
| GB2086480B (en) * | 1980-10-25 | 1984-01-25 | Plessey Co Ltd | A rotary positive-displacement pump |
| US4636155A (en) * | 1984-06-29 | 1987-01-13 | Commercial Shearing, Inc. | Hydraulic seal having U-shaped gasket and a plurality of plastically deformable posts |
| CH666102A5 (en) * | 1986-02-18 | 1988-06-30 | Kugler Fonderie Robinetterie | GASKET. |
| DE3863235D1 (en) * | 1987-05-30 | 1991-07-18 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | REVERSIBLE GEAR MACHINE (PUMP OR MOTOR). |
-
1989
- 1989-07-31 DE DE3925269A patent/DE3925269A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1990
- 1990-07-27 AT AT90114439T patent/ATE106501T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-07-27 DE DE59005901T patent/DE59005901D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-07-27 EP EP90114439A patent/EP0415089B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59005901D1 (en) | 1994-07-07 |
| EP0415089A2 (en) | 1991-03-06 |
| DE3925269A1 (en) | 1991-02-07 |
| EP0415089A3 (en) | 1992-01-15 |
| ATE106501T1 (en) | 1994-06-15 |
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