EP0413630A1 - Method and apparatus for high-pressure water jet cutting of thick webs of soft material - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for high-pressure water jet cutting of thick webs of soft material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0413630A1
EP0413630A1 EP90402288A EP90402288A EP0413630A1 EP 0413630 A1 EP0413630 A1 EP 0413630A1 EP 90402288 A EP90402288 A EP 90402288A EP 90402288 A EP90402288 A EP 90402288A EP 0413630 A1 EP0413630 A1 EP 0413630A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blade
nozzle
axis
base
jet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90402288A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0413630B1 (en
Inventor
Michel Vives
Pierre Daubigny
Claude Ruet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Societe Europeenne de Propulsion SEP SA
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Societe Europeenne de Propulsion SEP SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0413630A1 publication Critical patent/EP0413630A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0413630B1 publication Critical patent/EP0413630B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F3/00—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F3/004—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor by means of a fluid jet
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/02—Other than completely through work thickness
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/04—Processes
    • Y10T83/0448—With subsequent handling [i.e., of product]
    • Y10T83/0467—By separating products from each other
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/04—Processes
    • Y10T83/0591—Cutting by direct application of fluent pressure to work
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/202—With product handling means
    • Y10T83/2074—Including means to divert one portion of product from another
    • Y10T83/2077—By kerf entering guide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/364—By fluid blast and/or suction

Definitions

  • the invention firstly relates to a process for cutting thick sheets of flexible material, offering for example a fibrous texture, using a device emitting a jet of water at high pressure.
  • the laser causes significant heating with the risk of oxidation of the material constituting the sheet which is to be cut; the conventional jet of water loses its effectiveness; as for cutting with a cookie cutter, it has the disadvantage of deforming by crushing the web by the effect of compression which precedes the actual cutting process and of requiring regular sharpening of the tooling.
  • the invention aims to allow cutting with high pressure water jet of medium or strong thickness.
  • This object is achieved by a process which consists in cutting in several successive passes, possibly with gradual lowering in the thickness of the sheet of the device which emits the jet of water at high pressure, while constantly ensuring the isolation. of the jet relative to the sides of the slot already cut over a fraction of the total thickness of the tablecloth. This avoids the dispersion of the jet against the sides of the slit, so that it conserves all its energy to attack a new deeper layer of the thick sheet to be cut. Thus, there is theoretically no longer a limit to the thickness of the sheet which it is possible to cut with a jet. In practice, the method makes it possible to cut sheets of fibrous texture whose thickness can reach 50 cm and more in certain cases.
  • the invention also relates to a device for implementing the new method.
  • This device which comprises a base carrying a nozzle supplied with pressurized water and emitting a fine and ultra-fast cutting water jet, is furthermore provided with a special profiled blade secured to the base; this blade extends longitudinally along the emission axis of the nozzle; its mean plane contains this axis and its conformation is such that, starting from a thick longitudinal zone close to said axis, it tapers laterally from at least one side of the aforementioned axis to a parallel acute edge or substantially parallel to said axis, while, longitudinally, the blade ends, opposite the base, by a thinned end.
  • the profiled blade with which the device according to the invention is provided oriented so that its mean plane is parallel to the direction of the relative movement of the device and of the sheet to be cut, enters the slot formed during the preceding pass or passes cutting and spreads the walls in the vicinity of the jet, preserving it from any untimely contact likely to affect its effectiveness.
  • the blade also has the function of separating the cut sides to provide the passage of the nozzle between these sides, the spacing being however as small as possible to limit the friction due to the reaction of the texture of the sheet which tends to become close.
  • the edge or each aforementioned edge curves in approaching the axis of the nozzle, so that said end is shaped peak. This arrangement facilitates the introduction of the blade into the cutting slot.
  • the blade can be produced according to two conformations. In one it is entirely located on the same side of said axis and has only one edge. In the other, it has two edges and tapers on either side of said thick zone towards each of them. This configuration allows an alternating movement of the cutting device relative to the web, while the first is reserved for the case where the direction of relative movement of the device is invariable.
  • the blade can be made either in one piece, or by assembling two complementary pieces respectively disposed on either side of the axis of the nozzle.
  • the nozzle can be mounted either in the region of the end of the blade close to the base, the blade, preferably removably mounted on the base to which the nozzle is then fixed, comprising a longitudinal channel surrounding the axis of the nozzle at a distance and giving free passage to the jet along the length of the blade, that is to say in the region of the thinned end of the blade, opposite the base, a conduit for supplying the nozzle with water under pressure being provided inside the blade.
  • provision may be made, if necessary, for said thinned end of the blade to follow a bulge dimensioned so as to accommodate the nozzle when the latter is larger than the thickness of the blade.
  • the blade may have, at its thinned end remote from the base, a jet release notch.
  • FIG. 1 shows a device 1 for cutting under a pressurized water jet used to cut into two blocks 2a, 2b a thick sheet 2 of fibrous texture.
  • the device 1 comprises a base 3 for fixing to a mechanism capable of animating it with a translational movement relative to the fibrous sheet 2 in a direction D or D ′, a blade 4 attached to the base 3 or, as in the present example, made in one piece with it, and a nozzle 5 incorporated in the blade 4, not far from its end opposite to the base 3, and capable of emitting by a narrow nozzle 5a (FIG. 3) a fine and ultra-rapid cutting jet 6 of water when it is supplied with pressurized water via a connection pipe 7 and a conduit 8 formed through the base 3 and the blade 4.
  • a narrow nozzle 5a FIG. 3
  • the latter present in for the most part a flattened cylindrical conformation of shuttle-shaped section ( Figures 2 and 3) whose longitudinal axis 9 coincides with the cutting jet 6.
  • the blade 4 thus has a relatively thick middle part between two parts going in slimming to end with sharp edges 4a, 4b if killed in the middle plane of the blade. This extends somewhat beyond the nozzle 5 by a thinned tip-shaped end where the two edges 4a, 4b curve to approach the axis 9, while a notch 10 is formed there to allow jet 6 to develop freely at the outlet of nozzle 5.
  • the device shown is designed to cut a thick fibrous sheet 2, the thickness E of which is greater than the thickness H that the jet 6 can cut in one pass, the value of this thickness H depending on the cutting performance of the jet 6 for the particular texture of the sheet 2.
  • the cutting of the latter is therefore carried out in several successive passes made by translational movement of the device 1 alternately in the direction of arrow D, then in the opposite direction (arrow D ′).
  • the device the blade 4 of which is oriented so that its mean plane is parallel to the direction of movement D or D ′, is lowered by a new quantity H, the blade 4 sinking, with the nozzle 5, in the slot 12 previously cut in the sheet 2.
  • the sides 12a, 12b of this slot which would naturally tend to close against one another by seriously disturbing the jet 6, are thus kept apart by blade 4 in the region of the latter.
  • the blade 4 is a single piece in which the conduit 8 has been drilled for supplying the nozzle 5.
  • the blade 4 can be produced in two symmetrical parts 4 ′, 4 ⁇ ( Figure 4), each comprising one of the two edges 4a, 4b, which are assembled along a joint plane 14 passing through the axis 9 of the nozzle.
  • a tube 18 housed in a longitudinal recess hollowed out in one and the other parts 4 ′, 4 ⁇ constituting the blade 4.
  • These parts can be produced in sintered ceramic or ceramic composite.
  • the end of the blade 4 can be given a shape showing a bulge 11 of thickness e ′ slightly greater than said diameter, which constitutes a fairing capable of housing the nozzle 5, fixed for example by screwing. It should in practice that the thickness e of the blade 4 is at most equal to 3 mm, and that the thickness e ′ of the bulge 11 does not exceed 6 mm.
  • FIG. 6 An alternative embodiment is shown in Figure 6, which shows a cutting device no longer equipped with a double-edged blade 4, but with a blade 4 ′ reduced to one of the two constituent parts of a conforming blade in FIG. 4.
  • This blade 4 ′ entirely situated on the same side of the cutting jet 6, is suitable when the direction of movement of the device relative to the ply 2, indicated by the arrow D, is always the same, l 'edge 4a being constantly upstream of the cutting jet 6.
  • the blade 4' is removable.
  • the nozzle 5 of the device of Figure 6 is placed not in the vicinity of the end of the blade opposite to the base 3, but in a location close to the latter. More specifically, the nozzle 5 is fixed to the base 3, taking place in a notch 13 formed at the end of the blade 4 ′ by which it is itself fixed to the base 3.
  • the nozzle 5 does not not penetrate the sheet 2, and the jet 6 that it emits must travel the entire length of the blade 4 ′; it performs this route in a channel 15 in the form of a gutter, hollowed out in the blade 4 ′, which protects it from any coming into contact with the sides 12a, 12b of the cutting slot 12 in which the blade 4 ′ plunges.
  • a notch 10 is provided at the end of the blade through which the jet 6 emerges.
  • the device of FIG. 6 is used by making a first cutting pass, the blade 4 ′ having been removed; then, after having reassembled on the base 3 the blade, its end plunging into the cut made during this first pass, a second pass is made without lowering the device, so as to cut the sheet to an additional thickness.
  • the arrangement of the nozzle 5 in the vicinity of the base 3 has the advantage of accommodating a nozzle of the current commercial model. However, it requires the addition of a polymer in the water supplying the nozzle in order to avoid dispersion of the jet. In addition, it leads to lower depth cutting performance than that of the first version ( Figure 1).
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the cutting of a wafer 2a in a fixed ply 2 of significant thickness E using a device 1 with reciprocating movement, equipped with a blade 4 with double edge 4a, 4b.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates the cutting of washers in a thick cylindrical sheet 2 animated by a rotational movement, around its axis 16, the device 1 remaining fixed.
  • a simplified blade device according to Figure 6 can be used.
  • a battery of several devices 1 (for example a dozen) can be provided, distributed along the axis 16 of the cylindrical sheet 2, for simultaneously cutting several washers therein.
  • FIG. 10 shows how a piece of revolution 22 of axis 17 can be cut from a flat thick sheet 2, driven by a rotational movement, externally limited by a surface in the form of a straight cylinder and internally by a frustoconical surface.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Nonmetal Cutting Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns the cutting of thick webs (2) of fibrous material, using a device comprising a base (3) to which is fixed a blade (4) carrying at its end a jet (5) which, fed with pressurized water via a duct (7, 8), emits a fine and ultra-fast jet of water (6). At each pass, a new thickness H is cut in the web (2) while the edges (12a, 12b) of the part already cut out are separated from each other by the blade (4); the jet (6), thus protected, retains its full cutting power. …<IMAGE>…

Description

L'invention a tout d'abord pour objet un procédé de découpe de nappes épaisses de matière souple, offrant par exempie une texture fibreuse, à l'aide d'un dispositif émettant un jet d'eau à haute pression.The invention firstly relates to a process for cutting thick sheets of flexible material, offering for example a fibrous texture, using a device emitting a jet of water at high pressure.

Plusieurs techniques sont connues pour effectuer la découpe de nappes de texture molle, en particulier de nappes fibreuses en vue de l'obtention de préformes pour la fabrication de pièces composites.Several techniques are known for cutting sheets of soft texture, in particular fibrous sheets in order to obtain preforms for the manufacture of composite parts.

Pour les nappes de faible épaisseur (de l'ordre du millimètre), telles que des strates de tissu en fibres de carbone, de carbure de silicium ou de Kevlar, on utilise, suivant les cas, les techniques de découpe à l'emporte-pièce, au laser, au jet d'eau à haute pression ou aux ultrasons, dont l'application ne présente ici aucune difficulté.For thin sheets (of the order of a millimeter), such as layers of fabric made of carbon fibers, silicon carbide or Kevlar, use is made, depending on the case, of die-cutting techniques. part, laser, high pressure water jet or ultrasound, the application of which presents no difficulty here.

Lorsque l'épaisseur des nappes augmente pour atteindre quelques centimètres, des difficultés apparaissent. Le laser provoque un échauffement important avec risque d'oxydation du matériau constitutif de la nappe qu'il s'agit de découper; le jet d'eau à gicleur classique perd son efficacité; quant à la découpe à l'emporte-pièce, elle présente l'inconvénient de déformer par écrasement la nappe par l'effet de la compression qui précède le processus de découpe proprement dit et d'exiger des affûtages réguliers de l'outillage.When the thickness of the sheets increases to reach a few centimeters, difficulties appear. The laser causes significant heating with the risk of oxidation of the material constituting the sheet which is to be cut; the conventional jet of water loses its effectiveness; as for cutting with a cookie cutter, it has the disadvantage of deforming by crushing the web by the effect of compression which precedes the actual cutting process and of requiring regular sharpening of the tooling.

Pour découper des nappes de forte épaisseur (supérieure à deux ou trois centimètres), par exemple des feutres de carbone, on a recourt à des scies à ruban ou à fil diamanté.To cut thick sheets (greater than two or three centimeters), for example carbon felt, we use band saws or diamond wire saws.

L'invention a pour but de permettre la découpe au jet d'eau à haute pression de nappes d'épaisseur moyenne ou forte.The invention aims to allow cutting with high pressure water jet of medium or strong thickness.

Ce but est atteint grâce à un procédé qui consiste à effectuer la découpe en plusieurs passes successives, éventuellement avec abaissement graduel dans l'épaisseur de la nappe du dispositif qui émet le jet d'eau à haute pression, tout en assurant constamment l'isolement du jet par rapport aux flancs de la fente déjà découpée sur une fraction de l'épaisseur totale de la nappe. Cela permet d'éviter la dispersion du jet contre les flancs de la fente, de sorte qu'il conserve toute son énergie pour attaquer une nouvelle couche plus profonde de la nappe épaisse à découper. Ainsi, il n'y a théoriquement plus de limite à l'épais­seur de la nappe qu'il est possible de découper au jet. En prati­que, le procédé permet de découper des nappes de texture fibreuse dont l'épaisseur peut atteindre 50 cm et plus dans certains cas.This object is achieved by a process which consists in cutting in several successive passes, possibly with gradual lowering in the thickness of the sheet of the device which emits the jet of water at high pressure, while constantly ensuring the isolation. of the jet relative to the sides of the slot already cut over a fraction of the total thickness of the tablecloth. This avoids the dispersion of the jet against the sides of the slit, so that it conserves all its energy to attack a new deeper layer of the thick sheet to be cut. Thus, there is theoretically no longer a limit to the thickness of the sheet which it is possible to cut with a jet. In practice, the method makes it possible to cut sheets of fibrous texture whose thickness can reach 50 cm and more in certain cases.

L'invention a également pour objet un dispositif permettant de mettre en oeuvre le nouveau procédé. Ce dispositif, qui comprend une embase porteuse d'un gicleur alimenté en eau sous pression et émettant un jet d'eau fin et ultra-rapide de découpe, est doté en outre d'une lame profilée spéciale solidaire de l'embase; cette lame s'étend longitudinalement suivant l'axe d'émission du gicleur; son plan moyen contient cet axe et sa conformation est telle que, à partir d'une zone longitudinale épaisse voisine dudit axe, elle va en s'amincissant latéralement d'au moins un côté de l'axe précité jusqu'à une arête aigue parallèle ou sensiblement parallèle audit axe, tandis que, longitudinalement, la lame se termine, à l'opposé de l'embase, par une extrémité amincie.The invention also relates to a device for implementing the new method. This device, which comprises a base carrying a nozzle supplied with pressurized water and emitting a fine and ultra-fast cutting water jet, is furthermore provided with a special profiled blade secured to the base; this blade extends longitudinally along the emission axis of the nozzle; its mean plane contains this axis and its conformation is such that, starting from a thick longitudinal zone close to said axis, it tapers laterally from at least one side of the aforementioned axis to a parallel acute edge or substantially parallel to said axis, while, longitudinally, the blade ends, opposite the base, by a thinned end.

La lame profilée dont est muni le dispositif selon l'invention, orientée de façon que son plan moyen soit parallèle à la direction du mouvement relatif du dispositif et de la nappe à découper, pénètre dans la fente formée lors de la passe ou des passes précédentes de découpe et en écarte les parois au voisinage du jet, préservant celui-ci de tout contact intempestif susceptible d'affecter son efficacité. La lame a également pour fonction d'écarter les flancs découpés pour ménager le passage du gicleur entre ces flancs, l'écartement étant toutefois aussi réduit que possible pour limiter les frottements dus à la réaction de la texture de la nappe qui a tendance à se refermer.The profiled blade with which the device according to the invention is provided, oriented so that its mean plane is parallel to the direction of the relative movement of the device and of the sheet to be cut, enters the slot formed during the preceding pass or passes cutting and spreads the walls in the vicinity of the jet, preserving it from any untimely contact likely to affect its effectiveness. The blade also has the function of separating the cut sides to provide the passage of the nozzle between these sides, the spacing being however as small as possible to limit the friction due to the reaction of the texture of the sheet which tends to become close.

Il convient de prévoir que, dans la région de l'extrémité de la lame opposée à l'embase, l'arête ou chaque arête précitée s'incurve en se rapprochant de l'axe du gicleur, de sorte que ladite extrémité est en forme de pointe. Cette disposition facilite l'introduction de la lame dans la fente de découpe.It should be provided that, in the region of the end of the blade opposite the base, the edge or each aforementioned edge curves in approaching the axis of the nozzle, so that said end is shaped peak. This arrangement facilitates the introduction of the blade into the cutting slot.

La lame peut être réalisée suivant deux conformations. Dans l'une elle est entièrement située d'un même côté dudit axe et ne comporte qu'une seule arête. Dans l'autre elle possède deux arêtes et va en s'amincissant de part et d'autre de ladite zone épaisse vers chacune de celles-ci. Cette conformation permet un mouvement alterné du dispositif de découpe par rapport à la nappe, tandis que la première est réservée au cas où le sens du mouvement relatif du dispositif est invariable.The blade can be produced according to two conformations. In one it is entirely located on the same side of said axis and has only one edge. In the other, it has two edges and tapers on either side of said thick zone towards each of them. This configuration allows an alternating movement of the cutting device relative to the web, while the first is reserved for the case where the direction of relative movement of the device is invariable.

La lame peut être faite soit d'une seule pièce, soit de l'assemblage de deux pièces complémentaires disposées respective­ment de part et d'autre de l'axe du gicleur.The blade can be made either in one piece, or by assembling two complementary pieces respectively disposed on either side of the axis of the nozzle.

Quant au gicleur, il peut être monté soit dans la région de l'extrémité de la lame proche de l'embase, la lame, de préférence montée de façon amovible sur l'embase à laquelle est alors fixé le gicleur, comportant un canal longitudinal entourant à distance l'axe du gicleur et donnant libre passage au jet sur la longueur de la lame, soit dans la région de l'extrémité amincie de la lame, opposée à l'embase, un conduit d'alimentation du gicleur en eau sous pression étant prévu à l'intérieur de la lame. Dans ce dernier cas, on peut prévoir, si besoin est, que ladite extrémité amincie de la lame fasse suite à un renflement dimensionné de façon à loger le gicleur lorsque celui-ci est plus gros que l'épaisseur de la lame. Par ailleurs, la lame peut présenter, à son extrémité amincie éloignée de l'embase, une échancrure de dégagement du jet.As for the nozzle, it can be mounted either in the region of the end of the blade close to the base, the blade, preferably removably mounted on the base to which the nozzle is then fixed, comprising a longitudinal channel surrounding the axis of the nozzle at a distance and giving free passage to the jet along the length of the blade, that is to say in the region of the thinned end of the blade, opposite the base, a conduit for supplying the nozzle with water under pressure being provided inside the blade. In the latter case, provision may be made, if necessary, for said thinned end of the blade to follow a bulge dimensioned so as to accommodate the nozzle when the latter is larger than the thickness of the blade. Furthermore, the blade may have, at its thinned end remote from the base, a jet release notch.

D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description qui va suivre, en regard des dessins annexés, d'exemples de réalisation non limitatifs.

  • La figure 1 représente en perspective un dispositif de découpe selon l'invention équipé d'une lame à double tranchant.
  • La figure 2 représente une section transversale de la lame du dispositif de la figure 1.
  • La figure 3 représente une vue suivant la flèche III de la lame du dispositif de la figure 1.
  • La figure 4 représente une section transversale d'une variante de réalisation de la lame du dispositif de la figure 1.
  • Les figures 5A et 5B représentent, respectivement en perspective et en coupe longitudinale, l'extrémité de la lame du dispositif de la figure 1 aménagée pour recevoir un gicleur relativement gros.
  • La figure 6 représente, à la manière de la figure 1, un dispositif selon l'invention dans une variante de réalisation.
  • La figure 7 représente une vue suivant la flèche VII de la lame du dispositif de la figure 6.
  • Les figures 8 à 10 représentent en perspective, de façon simplifiée, trois exemples d'utilisation d'un dispositif selon l'invention.
Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows, with reference to the appended drawings, of nonlimiting exemplary embodiments.
  • Figure 1 shows in perspective a cutting device according to the invention equipped with a double-edged blade.
  • FIG. 2 represents a cross section of the blade of the device of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 represents a view along arrow III of the blade of the device of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 represents a cross section of an alternative embodiment of the blade of the device of FIG. 1.
  • Figures 5A and 5B show, respectively in perspective and in longitudinal section, the end of the blade of the device of Figure 1 arranged to receive a relatively large nozzle.
  • Figure 6 shows, like Figure 1, a device according to the invention in an alternative embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 represents a view along arrow VII of the blade of the device of FIG. 6.
  • Figures 8 to 10 show in perspective, in a simplified manner, three examples of the use of a device according to the invention.

On voit sur la figure 1 un dispositif 1 de découpe à jet d'eau sous pression utilisé pour couper en deux blocs 2a, 2b une nappe épaisse 2 de texture fibreuse. Le dispositif 1 comprend une embase 3 de fixation à un mécanisme susceptible de l'animer d'un mouvement de translation par rapport à la nappe fibreuse 2 suivant une direction D ou D′, une lame 4 rapportée sur l'embase 3 ou, comme dans le présent exemple, faite d'une seule pièce avec celle-ci, et un gicleur 5 incorporé à la lame 4, non loin de son extrémité opposée à l'embase 3, et susceptible d'émettre par un étroit ajutage 5a (figure 3) un jet de découpe 6 fin et ultra-rapide d'eau lorsqu'il est alimenté en eau sous pression via un tuyau de raccordement 7 et un conduit 8 pratiqué à travers l'embase 3 et la lame 4. Cette dernière présente dans sa majeure partie une conformation cylindrique aplatie de section en forme de navette (figures 2 et 3) dont l'axe longitudinal 9 coïncide avec le jet de découpe 6. La lame 4 comporte ainsi une partie médiane relativement épaisse entre deux parties allant en s'amincissant pour se terminer par des arêtes aiguës 4a, 4b situées dans le plan moyen de la lame. Celle-ci se prolonge quelque peu au delà du gicleur 5 par une extrémité en forme de pointe amincie où les deux arêtes 4a, 4b s'incurvent pour se rapprocher de l'axe 9, tandis qu'une échancrure 10 y est ménagée pour permettre au jet 6 de se développer librement à la sortie du gicleur 5.FIG. 1 shows a device 1 for cutting under a pressurized water jet used to cut into two blocks 2a, 2b a thick sheet 2 of fibrous texture. The device 1 comprises a base 3 for fixing to a mechanism capable of animating it with a translational movement relative to the fibrous sheet 2 in a direction D or D ′, a blade 4 attached to the base 3 or, as in the present example, made in one piece with it, and a nozzle 5 incorporated in the blade 4, not far from its end opposite to the base 3, and capable of emitting by a narrow nozzle 5a (FIG. 3) a fine and ultra-rapid cutting jet 6 of water when it is supplied with pressurized water via a connection pipe 7 and a conduit 8 formed through the base 3 and the blade 4. The latter present in for the most part a flattened cylindrical conformation of shuttle-shaped section (Figures 2 and 3) whose longitudinal axis 9 coincides with the cutting jet 6. The blade 4 thus has a relatively thick middle part between two parts going in slimming to end with sharp edges 4a, 4b if killed in the middle plane of the blade. This extends somewhat beyond the nozzle 5 by a thinned tip-shaped end where the two edges 4a, 4b curve to approach the axis 9, while a notch 10 is formed there to allow jet 6 to develop freely at the outlet of nozzle 5.

Le dispositif représenté est conçu pour découper une nappe fibreuse 2 épaisse, dont l'épaisseur E est supérieure à l'épaisseur H que peut découper le jet 6 en une passe, la valeur de cette épaisseur H dépendant des performances de découpe du jet 6 pour la texture particulière de la nappe 2. La découpe de cette dernière s'effectue donc en plusieurs passes successives pratiquées par déplacement en translation du dispositif 1 alternativement dans le sens de la flèche D, puis dans le sens opposé (flèche D′). Après chaque passe de découpe, le dispositif, dont la lame 4 est orientée de façon que son plan moyen soit parallèle à la direction de déplacement D ou D′, est abaissé d'une nouvelle quantité H, la lame 4 s'enfonçant, avec le gicleur 5, dans la fente 12 précédemment découpée dans la nappe 2. Les flancs 12a, 12b de cette fente, qui auraient naturellement tendance à se refermer l'un contre l'autre en perturbant gravement le jet 6, sont ainsi maintenus écartés par la lame 4 dans la région de ce dernier.The device shown is designed to cut a thick fibrous sheet 2, the thickness E of which is greater than the thickness H that the jet 6 can cut in one pass, the value of this thickness H depending on the cutting performance of the jet 6 for the particular texture of the sheet 2. The cutting of the latter is therefore carried out in several successive passes made by translational movement of the device 1 alternately in the direction of arrow D, then in the opposite direction (arrow D ′). After each cutting pass, the device, the blade 4 of which is oriented so that its mean plane is parallel to the direction of movement D or D ′, is lowered by a new quantity H, the blade 4 sinking, with the nozzle 5, in the slot 12 previously cut in the sheet 2. The sides 12a, 12b of this slot, which would naturally tend to close against one another by seriously disturbing the jet 6, are thus kept apart by blade 4 in the region of the latter.

Dans l'exemple des figures 1 à 3, la lame 4 est une pièce monobloc dans laquelle a été foré le conduit 8 pour l'alimentation du gicleur 5. En variante, la lame 4 peut être réalisée en deux pièces symétriques 4′, 4˝ (figure 4), comportant chacune l'une des deux arêtes 4a, 4b, qui sont assemblées suivant un plan de joint 14 passant par l'axe 9 du gicleur. Dans ce cas, il convient de prévoir, pour l'alimentation de ce dernier, un tube 18 logé dans un évidement longitudinal creusé dans l'une et l'autre pièces 4′, 4˝ constituant la lame 4. Ces pièces peuvent être réalisées en céramique frittée ou en composite céramique.In the example of FIGS. 1 to 3, the blade 4 is a single piece in which the conduit 8 has been drilled for supplying the nozzle 5. As a variant, the blade 4 can be produced in two symmetrical parts 4 ′, 4 ˝ (Figure 4), each comprising one of the two edges 4a, 4b, which are assembled along a joint plane 14 passing through the axis 9 of the nozzle. In this case, it is necessary to provide, for the supply of the latter, a tube 18 housed in a longitudinal recess hollowed out in one and the other parts 4 ′, 4˝ constituting the blade 4. These parts can be produced in sintered ceramic or ceramic composite.

Lorsque le diamètre du gicleur 5 est supérieur à l'épaisseur e de la partie la plus épaisse de la lame 4 (figures 5A et 5B), on peut donner à l'extrémité de la lame 4 une forme faisant apparaître un renflement 11 d'épaisseur e′ légèrement supérieure audit diamètre, qui constitue un carénage susceptible de loger le gicleur 5, fixé par exemple par vissage. Il convient en pratique que l'épaisseur e de la lame 4 soit au plus égale à 3 mm, et que l'épaisseur e′ du renflement 11 ne dépasse pas 6 mm.When the diameter of the nozzle 5 is greater than the thickness e of the thickest part of the blade 4 (FIGS. 5A and 5B), the end of the blade 4 can be given a shape showing a bulge 11 of thickness e ′ slightly greater than said diameter, which constitutes a fairing capable of housing the nozzle 5, fixed for example by screwing. It should in practice that the thickness e of the blade 4 is at most equal to 3 mm, and that the thickness e ′ of the bulge 11 does not exceed 6 mm.

Une variante de réalisation est représentée à la figure 6, qui montre un dispositif de découpe équipé non plus d'une lame 4 à double tranchant, mais d'une lame 4′ réduite à l'une des deux pièces constitutives d'une lame conforme à la figure 4. Cette lame 4′, entièrement située d'un même côté du jet de découpe 6, convient lorsque le sens de déplacement du dispositif par rapport à la nappe 2, indiqué par la flèche D, est toujours le même, l'arête 4a se trouvant constamment en amont du jet de découpe 6. En outre, la lame 4′ est démontable.An alternative embodiment is shown in Figure 6, which shows a cutting device no longer equipped with a double-edged blade 4, but with a blade 4 ′ reduced to one of the two constituent parts of a conforming blade in FIG. 4. This blade 4 ′, entirely situated on the same side of the cutting jet 6, is suitable when the direction of movement of the device relative to the ply 2, indicated by the arrow D, is always the same, l 'edge 4a being constantly upstream of the cutting jet 6. In addition, the blade 4' is removable.

Par ailleurs, le gicleur 5 du dispositif de la figure 6 est placé non pas au voisinage de l'extrémité de la lame opposée à l'embase 3, mais en un endroit proche de cette dernière. Plus précisément, le gicleur 5 est fixé sur l'embase 3, prenant place dans une encoche 13 ménagée à l'extrémité de la lame 4′ par où elle est elle-même fixée à l'embase 3. Ici, le gicleur 5 ne pénètre pas dans la nappe 2, et le jet 6 que celui-ci émet doit parcourir toute la longueur de la lame 4′; il effectue ce parcours dans un canal 15 en forme de gouttière, creusé dans la lame 4′, qui le préserve de toute venue en contact avec les flancs 12a, 12b de la fente de découpe 12 dans laquelle plonge la lame 4′. Ici également, une échancrure 10 est ménagée à l'extrémité de la lame par où émerge le jet 6.Furthermore, the nozzle 5 of the device of Figure 6 is placed not in the vicinity of the end of the blade opposite to the base 3, but in a location close to the latter. More specifically, the nozzle 5 is fixed to the base 3, taking place in a notch 13 formed at the end of the blade 4 ′ by which it is itself fixed to the base 3. Here, the nozzle 5 does not not penetrate the sheet 2, and the jet 6 that it emits must travel the entire length of the blade 4 ′; it performs this route in a channel 15 in the form of a gutter, hollowed out in the blade 4 ′, which protects it from any coming into contact with the sides 12a, 12b of the cutting slot 12 in which the blade 4 ′ plunges. Here also, a notch 10 is provided at the end of the blade through which the jet 6 emerges.

En pratique, on utilise le dispositif de la figure 6 en faisant une première passe de découpe, la lame 4′ ayant été ôtée; puis, après avoir remonté sur l'embase 3 la lame, son extrémité plongeant dans la découpe réalisée lors de cette première passe, on effectue une deuxième passe sans abaisser le dispositif, de façon à découper la nappe sur une épaisseur supplémentaire.In practice, the device of FIG. 6 is used by making a first cutting pass, the blade 4 ′ having been removed; then, after having reassembled on the base 3 the blade, its end plunging into the cut made during this first pass, a second pass is made without lowering the device, so as to cut the sheet to an additional thickness.

La disposition du gicleur 5 au voisinage de l'embase 3 présente l'avantage de s'accommoder d'un gicleur de modèle courant du commerce. Toutefois, elle nécessite l'adjonction d'un polymère dans l'eau d'alimentation du gicleur afin d'éviter la dispersion du jet. De plus, elle conduit à des performances de découpe en profondeur moins élevées que celle de la première version (figure 1).The arrangement of the nozzle 5 in the vicinity of the base 3 has the advantage of accommodating a nozzle of the current commercial model. However, it requires the addition of a polymer in the water supplying the nozzle in order to avoid dispersion of the jet. In addition, it leads to lower depth cutting performance than that of the first version (Figure 1).

Les figures 8 à 10 montrent des exemples d'application de dispositifs de découpe tels que décrits ci-dessus. La figure 8 illustre la découpe d'une tranche 2a dans une nappe 2 fixe d'épaisseur E importante à l'aide d'un dispositif 1 à mouvement alternatif, équipé d'une lame 4 à double arête 4a, 4b.Figures 8 to 10 show examples of the application of cutting devices as described above. FIG. 8 illustrates the cutting of a wafer 2a in a fixed ply 2 of significant thickness E using a device 1 with reciprocating movement, equipped with a blade 4 with double edge 4a, 4b.

La figure 9 illustre la découpe de rondelles dans une nappe cylindrique épaisse 2 animée d'un mouvement de rotation, autour de son axe 16, le dispositif 1 restant fixe. Ici un dispositif à lame simplifiée conforme à la figure 6 peut être utilisé. Une batterie de plusieurs dispositifs 1 (par exemple une dizaine) peut être prévue, répartis le long de l'axe 16 de la nappe cylindrique 2, pour découper simultanément plusieurs rondelles dans celle-ci.FIG. 9 illustrates the cutting of washers in a thick cylindrical sheet 2 animated by a rotational movement, around its axis 16, the device 1 remaining fixed. Here a simplified blade device according to Figure 6 can be used. A battery of several devices 1 (for example a dozen) can be provided, distributed along the axis 16 of the cylindrical sheet 2, for simultaneously cutting several washers therein.

La figure 10 montre comment peut être découpée dans une nappe épaisse 2 plane, animée d'un mouvement de rotation, une pièce de révolution 22 d'axe 17, limitée extérieurement par une surface en forme de cylindre droit et intérieurement par une surface tronconique.FIG. 10 shows how a piece of revolution 22 of axis 17 can be cut from a flat thick sheet 2, driven by a rotational movement, externally limited by a surface in the form of a straight cylinder and internally by a frustoconical surface.

Claims (13)

1. Procédé de découpe de nappes épaisses de matière souple, offrant par exemple une texture fibreuse, à l'aide d'un dispositif émettant un jet d'eau à haute pression,
caractérisé par le fait qu'il consiste à effectuer la découpe en plusieurs passes successives tout en assurant constamment l'isolement du jet par rapport aux flancs de la fente déjà découpée sur une fraction de l'épaisseur totale de la nappe.1. Method for cutting thick sheets of flexible material, offering for example a fibrous texture, using a device emitting a jet of water at high pressure,
characterized by the fact that it consists of cutting in several successive passes while constantly ensuring the isolation of the jet from the sides of the slot already cut over a fraction of the total thickness of the sheet. 2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que, après chacune des passes successives, on abaisse graduellement le dispositif de découpe dans l'épaisseur de la nappe.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that, after each successive pass, the cutting device is gradually lowered in the thickness of the sheet. 3. Dispositif de découpe au jet d'eau à haute pression pour nappes épaisses de texture souple, comprenant une embase porteuse d'un gicleur qui, alimenté en eau sous pression, émet un jet d'eau fin et ultra-rapide de découpe,
caractérisé par le fait que l'embase (3) porte en outre une lame profilée (4; 4′) s'étendant longitudinalement suivant l'axe (9) d'émission du gicleur (5), dont le plan moyen contient cet axe et qui, à partir d'une zone longitudinale épaisse voisine dudit axe (9), va en s'amincissant latéralement d'au moins un côté de l'axe précité jusqu'à une arête aigue (4a, 4b) parallèle ou sensiblement parallèle audit axe (9), tandis que, longitudinalement, la lame se termine, à l'opposé de l'embase (3), par une extrémité amincie.3. High pressure water jet cutting device for thick sheets of flexible texture, comprising a base carrying a nozzle which, supplied with pressurized water, emits a fine and ultra-fast cutting water jet,
characterized by the fact that the base (3) further carries a profiled blade (4; 4 ′) extending longitudinally along the axis (9) of emission of the nozzle (5), the mean plane of which contains this axis and which, starting from a thick longitudinal zone adjacent to said axis (9), tapers laterally from at least one side of the aforementioned axis to an acute edge (4a, 4b) parallel or substantially parallel to said axis (9), while, longitudinally, the blade ends, opposite the base (3), by a thinned end. 4. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait que, dans la région de l'extrémité de la lame (4; 4′) opposée à l'embase (3), l'arête ou chaque arête (4a, 4b) précitée s'incurve en se rapprochant de l'axe (9) du gicleur, de sorte que ladite extrémité est en forme de pointe.4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that, in the region of the end of the blade (4; 4 ′) opposite the base (3), the edge or each edge (4a, 4b) abovementioned curved approaching the axis (9) of the nozzle, so that said end is in the form of a point. 5. Dispositif selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé par le fait que la lame (4′) est entièrement située d'un même côté dudit axe (9) et ne comporte qu'une seule arête (4a).5. Device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the blade (4 ′) is entirely located on the same side of said axis (9) and has only one edge (4a). 6. Dispositif selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé par le fait que la lame (4) possède deux arêtes (4a, 4b) et va en s'amincissant de part et d'autre de ladite zone épaisse vers chacune de celles-ci.6. Device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the blade (4) has two edges (4a, 4b) and tapers on either side of said thick area towards each of these . 7. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 6, caractérisé par le fait que la lame (4; 4′) est faite d'une seule pièce.7. Device according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the blade (4; 4 ′) is made in one piece. 8. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3, 4 et 6, caractérisé par le fait que la lame (4) est faite de l'assemblage de deux pièces complémentaires (4′, 4˝) disposées respectivement de part et d'autre de l'axe (9) du gicleur.8. Device according to any one of claims 3, 4 and 6, characterized in that the blade (4) is made of the assembly of two complementary parts (4 ′, 4˝) arranged respectively on the one hand and other of the axis (9) of the nozzle. 9. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que le gicleur (5) est monté dans la région de l'extrémité de la lame (4′) proche de l'embase (3) et que la lame comporte un canal longitudinal (15) entourant à distance l'axe (9) du gicleur et donnant libre passage au jet (6) sur la longueur de la lame.9. Device according to any one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that the nozzle (5) is mounted in the region of the end of the blade (4 ′) close to the base (3) and that the blade has a longitudinal channel (15) surrounding the axis (9) of the nozzle at a distance and giving free passage to the jet (6) over the length of the blade. 10. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé par le fait que le gicleur (5) est fixé à l'embase (3) et que la lame (4′) est montée sur cette dernière de façon amovible.10. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the nozzle (5) is fixed to the base (3) and that the blade (4 ′) is removably mounted on the latter. 11. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que le gicleur (5) est monté dans la région de l'extrémité amincie de la lame (4), opposée à l'embase (3), un conduit (8) d'alimentation du gicleur en eau sous pression étant prévu à l'intérieur de la lame.11. Device according to any one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that the nozzle (5) is mounted in the region of the thinned end of the blade (4), opposite the base (3), a pipe (8) for supplying the nozzle with pressurized water being provided inside the blade. 12. Dispositif selon la revendication 11, caractérisé par le fait que ladite extrémité amincie de la lame (4) fait suite à un renflement (11) dimensionné de façon à loger le gicleur (5).12. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that said thinned end of the blade (4) follows a bulge (11) dimensioned so as to accommodate the nozzle (5). 13. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 12, caractérisé par le fait que la lame (4; 4′) présente, à son extrémité amincie éloignée de l'embase, une échancrure (10) de dégagement du jet (6).13. Device according to any one of claims 3 to 12, characterized in that the blade (4; 4 ′) has, at its thinned end remote from the base, a notch (10) for release of the jet (6 ).
EP90402288A 1989-08-17 1990-08-13 Method and apparatus for high-pressure water jet cutting of thick webs of soft material Expired - Lifetime EP0413630B1 (en)

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FR8910989 1989-08-17
FR8910989A FR2650973B1 (en) 1989-08-17 1989-08-17 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR HIGH-PRESSURE WATER JET CUTTING OF FLEXIBLE MATERIALS

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FR2650973A1 (en) 1991-02-22
DE69004635T2 (en) 1994-06-09
FR2650973B1 (en) 1991-12-06
DE69004635D1 (en) 1993-12-23
EP0413630B1 (en) 1993-11-18
US5097731A (en) 1992-03-24
CA2023413A1 (en) 1991-02-18
CA2023413C (en) 2000-01-11

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