EP0412186B1

EP0412186B1 - Excavating tooth

Info

Publication number: EP0412186B1
Application number: EP89114753A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Robert K. Emrich
Original assignee: Esco Corp
Current assignee: Esco Corp
Priority date: 1989-08-09
Filing date: 1989-08-09
Publication date: 1995-03-08
Anticipated expiration: 2009-08-09
Also published as: GR3015337T3; EP0412186A1; HK1005601A1; ATE119604T1; DE68921621T2; AU605431B1; ES2070874T3; DE68921621D1

Abstract

An excavating tooth having a socket-equipped point (A) mounted on an adapter nose (B) and secured with a vertical pin (C) on one side of the nose, the nose being grooved for receipt of the pin and equipped with a resilient keeper extending transversely of the point length, the point having a least one side wall extending rearwardly beyond the socket, the side wall having integral, vertically spaced apart lug portions having forwardly facing surfaces bearing against the pin, the nose groove providing a rearwardly facing surface bearing against the pin intermediate the lug bearing surfaces.

Description

This invention relates to an excavating tooth and more particularly to a replacement point therefor, being an improvement on the arrangement disclosed in European Patent document EP-A-0 270 325 which in turn is an improvement on the arrangement of document US-A-4335,532.
European Patent document EP-A-0 270 325, on which the precharacterizing part of claim 1 is based, discloses a replacement point for an excavating tooth for mounting on excavating equipment comprising a relatively elongated, unitary body having an earth engaging edge at the forward end thereof and an adapter nose-receiving socket in the rear end defined by top, bottom and a pair of side walls, at least one of said side walls extending rearwardly beyond said top and bottom walls, to provide an ear. The ear has an inwardly facing lug which together with a pair of vertically spaced lugs on the adapter cooperate to retain a locking pin, which holds the point on the adapter.
The end of service life of any excavating tooth system nose is determined most commonly by one or the other of two types of failures:

1. Failure of the nose to retain points, which has been brought about by a wearing away of the nose through service to create a fit of points on the nose that is so loose that the points either fall off or break off.
2. Structural failure of the nose in a fatigue mode.

As regards wear, it has been discovered that under impact loading the point pivots on the adapter and that during this pivotal movement the locking pin moves with the point. In the arrangement of European Patent document EP-A-0 270 325 this causes the locking pin to rub against the pair of vertically spaced ears causing wear of both the pin and the lugs. The extent of the pivotal movement depends on the amount of slack in the fixing and thus the tendency to further wear increases as the pin and lugs wear.
In the arrangement of the present invention, defined more particularly in the appended claims, the pair of vertically spaced lugs are provided on the point. The adapter that cooperates with this point carries the single lug. In operation a pivotal movement of the point with respect to the adapter causes a rocking of the pin on the ears as opposed to the rubbing movement which occurs in the arrangement of document EP-A-0 270 325.
This "rocking" type action of the point retaining pin against the nose as opposed to a rubbing action reduces the wear of the pin bearing surface on the nose. Whereas the pin in EP-A-0 270 325 is caused to rub against the nose ears through small movements up and down that are induced by the point under loading, the spaced ear lugs permit a pin configuration that can absorb the point induced movement through rocking. This rocking movement equates to a slower rate of wear on the pin bearing surface of the nose as with the simple analogy of the rolling wheel versus the sliding block.
The arrangement of the invention further reduces bearing pressures of the point on the nose by providing a longer bearing surface, thereby slowing the rate of nose wear and resultant loosening of point fits. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the rearwardly extending side wall ear so extends between the vertically spaced upper and lower ear lugs as to protect the locking pin and pin bearing surface of the adapter from soil and rock during excavating.
It is axiomatic that a tight fit is desired to keep the point in place on the adapter - this notwithstanding the fact that under high impact loads there is movement of the point relative to the adapter nose (see U.S. Patents 2,919,506 and 3,079,710), tightness is relative. A tooth system described in U.S. Patent 4,335,532 is capable of supporting and retaining points on the nose after a considerable amount of looseness has developed from nose wear. It is superior to other tooth systems in this respect, as are the tooth system of document EP-A-270 325 and the arrangement of the invention. Yet, there is a threshold of looseness, which will vary inversely with the severity of application, beyond which a given tooth system will not be capable of supporting and retaining points. It is the extension of the amount of service before this threshold is reached toward which the arrangement of the present invention is directed.
As regards structural failures of the nose in a fatigue mode the use of spaced-apart ear lugs on the point, the use of spaced apart ear lugs on the point also has the additional advantage of permitting elimination of projecting ears on the nose. Such projecting ears can be a source of stress concentration. Hence their elimination provides greater nose fatigue strength.
An embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example only in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of Patent 4,335,532;
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of Patent 4,761,900;
FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the tooth parts of the instant invention;
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the assembled elements of the instant invention;
FIG. 5 is a side elevational view, partially broken away and in section of the assembly of FIG. 4 with the section corresponding to the view along line 5-5 of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view such as would be seen along the sight-line 6-6 as applied to FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary side elevational view of the nose with the point show in non-impact and impact conditions;
FIG. 8 is a side elevational view of the adapter nose portion of the embodiment of the invention depicted in FIGS. 3-7;
FIG 9 is a view similar to FIG. 8 but of another embodiment of the invention wherein the surface of the nose bearing against the pin is arcuate;
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the nose of FIG. 8 as seen from the left rear;
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a modified form of the inventive point wherein only one side wall is equipped with rearwardly extending ear means; and
FIG. 12 is a fragmentary side elevational view partially in section of a modified tooth assembly embodying teachings of the invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, the HELILOK® tooth of the '532 is pictured. This consists of a point A, an adapter having a nose portion B, and a U-shaped lock C. This tooth construction was especially advantageous in providing a stronger nose because of the absence of any locking pin opening.
However, there has been difficulty on occasion in removing the U-shaped lock C which was overcome by the use of the drive-through pin C′ of the '900 patent -- see FIG. 2. An especially advantageous feature of the '900 patent construction was the use of an unstressed keeper or transverse plug D. The tooth point of FIG. 2 is designated A because it is identical to that of FIG. 1. However, the adapter nose of FIG. 2 was changed from that of FIG. 1 and therefore is designated B′. As indicated above, the lock was changed also and therefore the drive-through pin of FIG. 2 is designated C′.
According to the instant invention, I have changed all of the point, adapter nose and pin lock, these being designated A′, B˝ and C˝ -- the keeper being unchanged and therefore designated D.
The invention is based on the discovery that the pin normally moves with the point when the latter is under impact loading. This can be appreciated from the diagrammatic showing in FIG. 7. There, the adapter nose is show in solid line and is designated 20. The locking pin is also shown in solid line and is designated 21 in the non-impact condition. The tooth point, however, is show in dashed line, designated 22 and also is in the non-impact or static condition.
An impact load or stress -- directed downwardly as schematically indicated at 23 -- causes the point to pivot on the nose to the dotted line configuration designated 22′. The pin likewise pivots to the dotted line position designated 21′. This illustrates the rocking or rolling action referred to previously -- and which provides the advantage of not wearing the surface 24 of the nose groove that bears on the intermediate portion of the pin 21, see also FIG. 5.
To take advantage of the discovery that the pin moves with the point in the system under construction, I made several changes in the locking mechanism, an important one being the provision of spaced-apart pin bearing surfaces on the point.
These can be first appreciated from a consideration of FIG. 3. In that embodiment the sidewalls of the point A′ are extended rearwardly beyond the socket 27 to provide ears 25 and 26. At their rearward ends, these ear portions or means are equipped with integral lugs 28, 29 for the ear 25 and 30, 31 for ear 26. The lug 29 can be seen in the lower right-hand portion of FIG. 4 and the lug 31 is seen in the upper right-hand portion of that view. All of these lugs are also designated in FIG. 6. These lugs are inwardly projecting and by that I refer to extending at approximately a right angle to the length of the socket 27, i.e., the interior of the tooth.
From FIG. 6, it can be seen that the vertical distance between the top 33 of the upper lug 31 and the bottom 32 of the lower lug 30 is approximately the length of the rear diameter of the socket 27 which has a circular cross-section at its rear end, i.e., in the "nose cone" surface at E in FIGS. 1-3.
This relationship is advantageous in that it permits adequate size of the integral lugs from the standpoints of structural strength and bearing area.
In explanation, the inward surfaces 34 and 35 of the lugs 30 and 31 as seen in FIG. 6 (and correspondingly on the lugs 28 and 29) are partly bevelled surfaces located for minimum clearance around the nose cone surface E in FIG. 3. This can be seen most clearly in FIG. 6, where the surfaces E′ are extensions of the nose cone rearward to the region of FIG. 6. In the twisting assembly and disassembly of the point on the nose, these inward, beveled surfaces of the lugs must clear the nose cone and extension surfaces, E and E′. By containing the flat tall point ears of FIGS. 3-7 with the circular socket/nose cone cross section, I arranged for space outside of this inward boundary for point ear lugs of adequate size.
In the specific invention, the inward beveled surfaces 34, 35 of the ear lugs actually are arcuate, but satisfactory function could be achieved with straight bevels.
Referring to FIG. 5, in the preferred construction, the pair of forwardly facing lug walls 36 and 37 together are portions of an arcuate surface for tightening engagement with longitudinally spaced areas of the concave rear edge 38 of the pin 21. Only one pair of lugs engage the pin on any given assembly, the other pair being for the purpose of allowing installation of the point in 180° turned orientation. This practice of turning points when they are about half worn out is sometimes practiced when a very sharp digging configuration is required.
Prior to assembly, the radius of the concave rear edge 38 of the pin 21 is smaller than the radius of the arc surface pairs 36, 37 or those corresponding pairs on lugs 28 and 29. Therefore, if the pin 21 is placed in contact with the lug 21 arc surface 36, 37, but not in assembly on a nose, the contact is locally near the ends of the lug surfaces as at 32 and 33. With assembly of the pin into a point and nose assembly, this contact of the pin on the lug arc surfaces becomes more distributed because the pin is caused to flex through the contact of its forward convex edge 39 with the forward wall 24 of the nose groove 40 -- see FIGS. 5, 8 and 10. Finally, under operating loads received on the point during service, the pin is able to flex still more so that the radius of its concave rear edge 38 essentially matches that of lug arc surfaces 36, 37 for full surface contact.
It, of course, is the flexing of the pin that creates a tightening assembly force.
Driving of the pin into the point/nose assembly is facilitated by a bevel interruption of the forwardly facing lug wall 36 as at 41 in FIG. 5. As the entry end of the pin 21 passes over this bevel 41, the pin is caused to deflect, or flex, in order to arrive at the forwardly facing lug wall 36.
Instead of using the ears 42 of FIG. 2 for bearing on the new pin C˝, I employ the forward wall 24 of the nose groove 40 -- see FIGS. 4 and 5. The nose bearing surface is planar as at 24 in FIG. 8 or slightly arcuate as at 124 in FIG. 9 relative to the groove 140. Nominally, the pin bears on the nose surfaces at 24, 124 near the longitudinal mid-plane of the nose, but during impact stress the bearing shifts above and below the mid-plane.
The groove 40 in the nose is defined insofar as its rear wall is concerned by an integral ledge 43 -- compare FIGS. 3 and 4. This ledge merges top and bottom into the nose as can be appreciated from the showings at 44 and 45 in FIGS. 3 and 8 and at 144 and 145 in FIG. 9 relative to the ledge 143. The arcuity of the forward wall 124 of FIG. 9 can be appreciated from the fact that at its mid point, it is tangent to the keeper opening 146 -- as contrasted to the relationship of the wall 24 to the keeper opening 46 in FIG. 8. There, the wall 24 has a groove 47 to accommodate insertion of the keeper -- see also FIG. 10.
The ledge 43 (or 143) also serves as a guide during locking pin installation. In this connection I prefer to use a single ear point construction of FIG. 11 with the nose of FIG. 9 this tooth is used primarily for dredging and does not have to be reversible. Here the construction of the lugs 28 and 29 is identical to that of FIG. 3 -- only the ear means providing the lug portions 30, 31 being omitted.
As indicated previously, the pin C˝ differs from the pin C′ (compare FIGS. 2 and 3) in that the pin used with the inventive point has a forward curvature, i.e., is normally bowed. This facilitates the desired rocking action that minimizes nose wear at the area 24.
An alternative construction of locking pin 221 is shown in FIG. 12. The point ears of this construction again are of approximately the same length as the rear diameter of the point socket 27, but the forwardly facing lug walls 236 and 237 are not arcuate Rather these lug walls are flat and parallel for use with a sandwich type pin. This sandwich pin, as has been used for many years in the industry, is a laminate of steel plates 248, 250 confining a rubber core 249. This construction does not offer the advantage of rocking engagement with the nose lock groove wall 224 but it would be suitable for light duty applications, and as such, would provide the advantage of operating without a plug D. The pin's retention in assembly is provided by the engagement of the rearward projection 251 on the rear steel laminate 248 with the inward edges 236, 237 of the lugs 228 and 229. Here, it will be appreciated that corresponding lugs are normally provided on the opposite sides of the point, as is a corresponding groove on the nose.

Claims

A replacement point for an excavating tooth for mounting on excavating equipment comprising a relatively elongated, unitary body (A') having an earth engaging edge at the forward end thereof and an adapter nose-receiving socket (27) in the rear end defined by top, bottom and a pair of side walls, at least one of said side walls extending rearwardly beyond said top and bottom walls, to provide an ear characterized in that such rearwardly extending side wall ear (25) has adjacent the top and bottom thereof vertically spaced upper and lower ear lugs (29, 28; 229, 228) aligned to bear against a locking pin (21, 221), each ear lug extending only inwardly from said side wall (25) at approximately a right angle to said side wall (25) for bearing against a locking pin (21, 221), said lugs (29, 28; 229, 228) being located at the extreme rear of said one side wall (25), the rear faces of said lugs (29, 28; 229, 228) constituting the furthest rearward extent of said one side wall (25).
A point according to claim 1 further characterized in that the rearwardly extending side wall ear (25) so extends between the vertically spaced upper and lower ear lugs (29, 28; 229, 228) as to protect the locking pin from soil and rock during excavating.
A point according to claim 1 or 2 in which the top portion of the upper lug is approximately aligned with said top wall and the bottom portion of said lower lug is approximately aligned with said bottom wall.
A point according to claim 1, 2 or 3 in which said socket (27) has a generally circular cross-section and said lugs (29, 28; 229, 228) each include an inwardly facing wall bevelled in the parts thereof adjacent each other to conform to the shape of said socket.
A point according to any preceding claim in which said lugs (29, 28; 229, 228) each include a forwardly facing wall, the part of the forward wall of the lower lug adjacent the upper lug being rearwardly bevelled to guide a locking pin during installation thereof.
A point of any preceding claim in which both of said side walls extend beyond said top and bottom walls, each side wall being equipped with said lugs (29, 28; 229, 228).
A point according to any preceding claim in which said lugs (29, 28) each include a forwardly facing arcuate wall.
A point according to any of claims 1 to 6 in which said lugs each include a forwardly facing planar wall.
An assembly including a point according to any preceding claim, a nose-equipped adapter (B''), said nose being equipped with a vertically extending groove (40) for the receipt of a locking pin, and a relatively vertically elongated locking pin (C'') in said groove (40), said groove having a forward wall (24, 124, 224) in bearing engagement with an intermediate portion of said locking pin (C'') and with said point ear lugs (29, 28; 229, 228) being in bearing engagement with said locking pin adjacent the ends of said locking pin (C'').
An assembly according to claim 9 wherein said adapter is equpped with a horizontally extending recess (46) aligned with said locking pin (C''), and resilient keeper means for said locking pin (C'') in said recess (46), said recess (46) extending inwardly from said groove.