EP0410299A1 - Locking device and turnstile comprising such a locking device - Google Patents

Abstract

A locking device for controlled, directional locking or blocking of a movement has a braking device (40) which prevents or releases rotation of a brake shaft in a controlled manner. A drive shaft (22) acts directly or indirectly on the element (11), the movement of which is to be locked or blocked directionally. A free-wheel (45, 46) which locks on one side is inserted as a coupling between the brake shaft and the drive shaft. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a locking device for controllable, direction-dependent locking or blocking of the rotational movement of a shaft, which directly or indirectly engages an element whose movement is to be locked or blocked depending on the direction, the shaft being coaxially surrounded by two oppositely locking freewheels each of which a part is connected to the shaft in a rotationally secure manner and the other part, which can only be rotated about the shaft in one direction of rotation, can be prevented or released in its rotation by means of a braking device.

From DE 27 46 896 C3 an electrically controllable locking device for a turnstile security gate is known, in which a locking shaft is connected to the rotatable parts of two oppositely locking directional locks, each of which can be locked in the freewheeling direction by means of electromagnetically actuated locking devices. The two directional locks are arranged in the form of stepless clamping directional locks coaxially on the locking shaft, with each part of each clamping directional locking device being non-rotatably connected to the locking shaft and the other part of each clamping directional locking device, which can only be rotated in one direction of rotation, is positively rotationally secure, each with an axial movable, designed as an annular disc armature is connected, which forms the movable part of an electromagnetic clutch and from an annular, concentric to Locking shaft fixed in a block housing arranged electromagnet can be locked, which forms the fixed part of the clutch.

Another locking device is known from US-PS 39 98 008. In this locking device, a locking shaft directly connected to the turnstile arms is in a gear connection via a gear transmission with several gears and tooth gears as well as two counter-rotating directional locks of conventional design.

The use of freewheels in passage locking devices has also been proposed in DE-GM 18 75 256. There, a pivot bearing for locking bars contains a freewheel, which initially allows the movement of the locking arms of a turnstile in both directions of rotation. In order to make this passage lock equipped with a freewheel effective for one or the other direction of rotation, a direction of rotation of the freewheel is blocked by means of a locking disk and a locking pin or, in a central position, it is ensured that both locking positions are released and free rotation is ensured.

Instead of free-wheel constructions, GB 21 89 838 A recommends using two opposing loop spring brakes.

Turnstiles with controllable locking devices which, in the event of disasters and the like, also allow passage in both directions and without obstructing people passing through, are also known, for example, from EP 0 173 830 A3 or DE 29 15 190 A1, with pivot levers and pawls being used becomes.

However, latch and locking mechanisms wear out over time and require regular maintenance and security checks. This applies in particular if accidental or improper operating errors occur relatively frequently. In addition, they lead to an extraordinarily massive, space-consuming construction, which also leads to a large overall height of the turnstiles.

The disadvantage of all the above-mentioned locking devices and turnstiles with such locking devices is that they are either very complicated and prone to errors, or that a very unfavorable power transmission takes place and is therefore very tedious even if the locking device or turnstiles are intended to be freely traversable.

The object of the present invention is therefore to propose a generic locking device and a turnstile using such a locking device, with which an easier traversability is made possible without having to forego the advantages.

This object is achieved in that the shaft is a drive shaft which is connected to a drive with a reversible direction of rotation.

With a turnstile, this object is achieved in that such a locking device is used.

Basically, it is already known to provide a turnstile with a motor drive, for example from EP 0 331 770 A1 or EP 0 363 618 A1.

Especially in cooperation with the construction with the two oppositely locking freewheels or However, a particular advantage is achieved in clamping directional locks. The only shaft provided in DE 27 46 896 C3 only as a locking shaft and identical to the turnstile shaft must move the entire mechanism when it rotates. In the present case, however, the transmission on the one hand and the blocking on the other hand can be coordinated with one another in the simplest way via intermediate gears and corresponding adaptation of the motor.

When used in turnstiles, the drive shaft is connected to the turnstile shaft. If the brake device prevents the rotation of the brake shaft, the one-way locking free-wheeling between the brake shaft and the drive shaft also prevents rotation of the drive shaft in one direction, but releases it in the other. This means that the turnstile clears the passage in one direction and blocks it in the other direction. This ensures the normal function that rooms can only be entered through an entrance and exited again through an exit.

If, on the other hand, the brake shaft is released by the braking device so that it can rotate as desired, then the freewheel has no effect and the drive shaft can also rotate in both directions or the drive can act in both directions. With a turnstile, the passage in both directions is cleared without obstruction of the people passing through and can be supported accordingly by the motor working in both directions of rotation.

Such a facility would be conceivable, for example, for turnstiles that are only supposed to open the passage in one direction at a time and only in the event of disasters allow passage on both sides. Use for example at entrances to supermarkets would be an option.

For safety reasons, the braking device could be switched so that it releases the rotation of the brake shaft when de-energized.

Further possible uses arise, for example, with sliding gates. In this case, the drivable shaft would be coupled to a rack and pinion drive. If the brake shaft were released, the sliding gate could be opened and closed as required. If the brake shaft were switched on, the sliding gate would still be able to move in one direction, for example in the closing direction, but opening would be effectively prevented. Security doors and gates, for example, would be suitable for use, which can normally be opened freely for every user, but can only be closed after a given situation has occurred. In this case, leaving the site could be prevented in areas where there is a risk of security, and conversely entry in the event of a disaster could be prevented.

Such locking devices can also be used in occupational safety. With machines, for example, there is occasionally a risk that the operators will still reach in if this is undesirable for safety reasons. As an example, reference should be made to presses in which an operator wants to adjust an object that may not be completely correct. To prevent this, safety flaps or barriers can be installed upstream, which are normally Let it slide freely, but can only be moved in one direction in given situations.

The invention provides a type of mechanical rectifier which can be switched off and which only permits movements in one direction.

The braking device is able to block rotation in both directions independently of one another. One freewheel is controlled by a brake shaft, the other by another brake shaft.

With such a construction, the locking device can perform four different functions.

If both brake shafts are prevented from rotating, the two oppositely locking freewheels mean that the drivable shaft can no longer be rotated.

If one of the two brake shafts is released, the respectively unassigned freewheel causes rotation of the drivable shaft in one direction.

The other direction remains blocked. As a result, the element can be moved in one direction, for example the turnstile can be passed in one direction while it is locked in the other direction.

If both brake shafts are released, free rotation of the drivable shaft and thus movement in both directions, such as passing the turnstile on both sides, is possible, as in the abovementioned simplified embodiment.

It is particularly advantageous that the brake shafts are formed by a brake disc which has a central recess through which the drive shaft runs. The fact that the freewheel coaxially surrounds the drive shaft creates a particularly space-saving structure and the requirements can be easily met with the freewheel designs available in large numbers on the market.

Such a construction is also particularly reliable and suitable for power transmission. From the side, i.e. parallel to the axial direction of the drivable shaft, the brake disks offer large contact surfaces on which braking devices can engage. In addition, the engagement surface is also arranged in a ring around the drivable shaft that may be to be held, so that a symmetrical holding force also arises. In an attempt to force the element in an undesired direction, for example to turn the turnstile in an undesired direction, enormous forces must therefore be applied and levering, breaking off or pushing away is practically impossible.

Electromagnetic brakes would preferably be used as the braking device. If the braking device can be actuated electromagnetically, depending on the switching of the electromagnets, the braking effect can take place either when the magnets are energized or when they are de-energized, additional compression springs which can counteract the electromagnetic forces possibly being provided.

The one or one of the braking devices particularly preferably has a magnetic brake that unlocks when de-energized. This means that in the event of a disaster, if there may be a power failure, movement in at least one predefined direction is possible without any problems, for example the turnstile remains easily traversable in at least one predefined direction. Rooms that are at risk can be left in this way.

Alternatively, there is the possibility that the or one of the braking devices has a current-free locking spring pressure brake. A permanent magnet brake would also be an option. With such a construction can be achieved that the entry into certain rooms is prevented when there is no power. For example, these could be burglary-prone rooms.

A particularly preferred solution has a de-energizing unlocking brake and a de-energizing locking brake as the braking device. With such a construction, exactly one defined direction of movement can be specified in the event of a disaster, for example a defined starting direction for turnstiles.

The braking device (s) is preferably controlled by a control device to which external data are supplied by a command generator.

The motorized drive also ensures a largely uniform angular movement of the turnstile or the locking device from one locked position to the next, and a secure transfer of the turnstile to the following position. The turnstiles themselves can also be made very solid.

It is preferably driven by an electric motor with a fraction of its nominal power (about 1/10 of its nominal power) is operated. In turnstiles or sliding gates, this can prevent people or objects standing in the direction of movement of the element from being pushed aside or injured if they move too slowly or not at all.

A particularly expedient embodiment is achieved if a frequency converter is arranged in the circuit of the motor, to which signals are supplied by the control device. The entire movement sequence of the element can be controlled and adapted to the respective conditions via the frequency converter, for example to take into account the geometry of the movement, for example in turnstiles with an inclined axis of rotation. It is advantageous if the circuit of the braking device is also connected to a frequency converter, so that the brake can also be precisely controlled. The frequency converter can be influenced by signals from the control device.

Another inexpensive option is to use three-phase magnetic motors. These are motors that are not designed for a specific output, but for a torque at standstill. They are dimensioned electrically so that they can remain switched on in continuous or intermittent operation at nominal voltage with a braked shaft and develop their greatest torque, the so-called standstill torque. These motors are known per se and are mentioned in the form of a three-phase winding motor, for example in DE 38 33 787 C1.

• Fig. 1 zeigt in schematischer Darstellung eine Prinzip­skizze eines Drehkreuzes mit Einsatz der er­findungsgemäßen Sperreinrichtung,
• Fig. 2 zeigt eine nähere Darstellung der Bremseinrich­tung.

An application of the invention is described in more detail below with reference to the drawing. The use of the locking device in a turnstile is explained in more detail.

• 1 shows a schematic diagram of a schematic of a turnstile using the locking device according to the invention,
• Fig. 2 shows a more detailed representation of the braking device.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the turnstile 10 has three brackets 11 which are mounted on a turnstile shaft 12 in a rotationally secure manner. The turnstile shaft 12 is perpendicular, the three brackets 11 each enclose an angle of 120 °.

A drive 20 is provided which has a motor 21. The motor 21 drives a drive shaft 22. It is an electric motor 21 with a power supply or voltage source 23, which can also be connected to the motor via a transformer if necessary.

The drive shaft 22 leads from the motor 21 to a gearbox 24. The gearbox 24 in the example is an angular gearbox with two bevel gears 25, 26. The bevel gear 25 sits on the drive shaft 22 of the motor 21 and rotates with it. The bevel gear 26 sits securely on the turnstile shaft 12. The motor 21 thus drives the turnstile 10 via the angular gear 24. Alternatively, a worm gear can also be provided, the space requirement of which is particularly small.

A control device 30 is also provided.

An external command transmitter 34, for example an operator in a control center or an automatic warning function in the event of a disaster or a magnetic card reader (not shown) can provide the control device 30 with information. In particular it is determined which of the two possible directions of rotation of the turnstile 10 is to be operated as the direction of passage and which as the direction of blocking. In addition, the control device 30 can give information about its operating state to the outside in signal lamps 35 or other display devices.

With the information available to it, it interacts with an interchangeable contactor 36 via a line 37, which determines the direction of rotation of the motor 21 and connects it to the power supply.

In addition, the control device 30 actuates the braking devices 40 and 41. These are addressed via lines 43, 44.

The braking devices 40 and 41 each have a brake shaft 45 and 46, respectively. The brake shafts 45, 46 are formed by brake disks. These brake discs are drilled axially; The drive shaft 22 extends through the centrally arranged bores. Both brake shafts 45, 46 (or brake disks) are therefore arranged in parallel. Between the brake shafts 45, 46 and the drive shaft 22, a freewheel 55, 56 is switched on, which locks on one side. The two freewheels 55, 56 lock in opposite directions; i.e. one of the two freewheels locks clockwise and the other counterclockwise.

Examples of suitable freewheel designs are described in various editions of Lueger, Lexicon of Technology. It is a locking mechanism, one-way clutches with self-locking frictional engagement, which couple two rotatable parts (shafts) in a direction of rotation relative to each other, while the parts are released automatically in the opposite direction of rotation.

A somewhat clearer representation is given in FIG. 2. The brake discs or brake shafts 45 and 46 are prevented or released from their rotation by braking forces, not shown. In the case of the braking device 40, these braking forces are exerted by an electrolessly unlocking magnetic brake and in the case of the braking device 41 by an electrolessly locking spring pressure brake.

Other electromagnetically acting currentless locking and locking brakes could also be used.

On the turnstile shaft 12 there is also a switch 50 which outputs further information to the control device 30 via a line 51. The switch 50 provides, inter alia, whether the brackets 11 of the turnstile 10 are currently in one of the locking positions offset by 120 ° to one another. In this way, he determines whether, for example, a crossing process of the turnstile 10 by the person has ended. On the basis of this information, the control device 30 switches off the motor 21.

• 1. Die Federdruckbremse 56 wird stromlos verriegelt und die Magnetbremse 55 unter Strom verriegelt. Das Drehkreuz ist damit in Grundstellung, da beide Bremsscheiben in Bremsstellung sind und die ihnen zugeordneten Freiläufe 55, 56 eine Drehung der Antriebswelle 22 nicht ermöglichen können, da jede der beiden Bremseinrichtungen eine Drehrichtung blockiert.
• 2. Durch erneute Betätigung, beispielsweise Einlesen einer zugangsberechtigenden Magnetkarte, wird das Drehkreuz 10 für eine definierte Eingangs-Situation freigegeben. Dies bedeutet beispielsweise, daß die Federdruckbremse unter Strom die Bremswelle bzw. Bremsscheibe 46 freigibt, die Magnetbremse unter Strom dagegen die ihr zugeordnete Bremswelle 45 sperrt. Die Antriebswelle 22 wird durch den Freilauf der Magnetbremse nun in einer Drehrichtung freigegeben, ohne durch den Freilauf der Federdruck­bremse gesperrt zu werden.
• 3. Umgekehrt könnte durch stromloses Blockieren der Federdruckbremse und stromloses Freigeben der Magnet­bremse genau die umgekehrte Drehrichtung der Antriebs­welle 22 und damit des Drehkreuzes 10 durch den Freilauf der Federdruckbremse erlaubt werden. Dadurch entstünde eine definierte "Ausgangs"-Situation.
• 4. Durch stromloses Freigeben der Magnetbremse und gleichzeitiges Freigeben der Federdruckbremse unter Strom könnte auch eine Drehung des Drehkreuzes in beide Richtungen - gegebenenfalls motorunterstützt - möglich werden.

The function of the turnstile 10 is as follows:
Depending on the command (at 34) by a push button, key switch, card reader, code device or in the event of permanent release, the control device 30 sets the braking devices 40 and 41 in one of the four following ways:

• 1. The spring pressure brake 56 is locked without current and the magnetic brake 55 locked under current. The turnstile is now in the basic position, since both brake disks are in the braking position and theirs associated freewheels 55, 56 cannot enable rotation of the drive shaft 22, since each of the two braking devices blocks a direction of rotation.
• 2. The turnstile 10 is released for a defined input situation by actuating it again, for example reading in a magnetic card authorizing access. This means, for example, that the spring-applied brake releases the brake shaft or brake disk 46 when it is live, while the magnetic brake blocks the associated brake shaft 45 when it is under current. The drive shaft 22 is now released in one direction of rotation by the freewheeling of the magnetic brake without being blocked by the freewheeling of the spring pressure brake.
• 3. Conversely, currentless blocking of the spring pressure brake and currentless release of the magnetic brake could allow the reverse direction of rotation of the drive shaft 22 and thus of the turnstile 10 through the free running of the spring pressure brake. This would result in a defined "initial" situation.
• 4. By de-energizing the magnetic brake and simultaneously releasing the spring-applied brake under current, the turnstile could also be rotated in both directions, possibly with the aid of a motor.

Should a power failure occur, for example in the event of a disaster, the two braking devices 40, 41 would automatically have a setting as in the “initial” situation according to item 3. Even without a separate actuation of the turnstile, the turnstile could be traversed in the exit direction without motor support.

If only one of the two directions of rotation is made possible by the freewheels or braking devices, a user standing in the turnstile 10 can stop it against the motor force by hand or by stopping, if, as is preferred, the drive 20 has an electric motor 21 which only is operated with a fraction of its nominal power. However, turning against the released direction is not possible, since the corresponding freewheel would block immediately if attempted.

The rotation would continue when the user releases the turnstile 10 again.

Via a selector switch (not shown), which also acts on the control device 30 at 34, the operator is able to adjust the turnstile 10 as required so that both the input and the output are used only by authorized persons by the intended command transmitter can be. Only the entrance or only the exit can be reserved for authorized persons and the other generally unblocked direction can be used by everyone.

Claims (9)

1. Locking device for controllable, direction-dependent locking or blocking of the rotational movement of a shaft that directly or indirectly engages an element, in particular for a turnstile, the movement of which is to be blocked or blocked depending on the direction, the shaft being coaxially surrounded by two oppositely blocking freewheels , of which one part is connected in a rotationally secure manner to the shaft and the other part, which can only be rotated about the shaft in one direction of rotation, can be prevented or released in its rotation by means of a braking device, and wherein the shaft is a drive shaft (22) , which is connected to a drive (20) with reversible direction of rotation. 2. Locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that the or one of the braking devices (40, 41) has a de-energizing unlocking brake, in particular a magnetic brake. 3. Locking device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the or one of the braking devices (40, 41) has a current-free locking brake. 4. Locking device according to claim 2 and 3, characterized in that a braking device has a de-energizing unlocking brake, in particular a magnetic brake, and the other braking device has a de-energizing locking brake. 5. Locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the brake device / devices (40, 41) are controlled by a control device (30) to which external data about the blocking direction or passage direction are supplied by a command transmitter (at 34). 6. Locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive (20) has a three-phase magnetic motor or an electric motor (21) which is operated only with a fraction of its nominal power. 7. Locking device according to claim 6, characterized in that a frequency converter is arranged in the circuit of the motor (21), the signals from the control device (30) are supplied. 8. Locking device for a turnstile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a signal output device (50) is provided which emits an electrical signal upon a movement pulse in the respective passage direction on the turnstile (19), which indirectly or directly drives the drive motor ( 21) actuated. 9. Locking device according to claim 8 for a turnstile, characterized in that for opening the braking device / devices (40,41) a contactless by actuating the turnstile (10) in the respective passage direction actuated switch or in the respective passage direction before the Rotary cross arranged with a mechanical or electronic, in particular operated by magnetic card lock connected switch is provided.

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