EP0408430A1 - Antenna with a hemispheric radiation pattern and heatproof radiating elements - Google Patents

Antenna with a hemispheric radiation pattern and heatproof radiating elements Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0408430A1
EP0408430A1 EP90401958A EP90401958A EP0408430A1 EP 0408430 A1 EP0408430 A1 EP 0408430A1 EP 90401958 A EP90401958 A EP 90401958A EP 90401958 A EP90401958 A EP 90401958A EP 0408430 A1 EP0408430 A1 EP 0408430A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
radiating
antenna according
housing
elements
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Granted
Application number
EP90401958A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0408430B1 (en
Inventor
Bernard Debever
Albert Chillet
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Societe Anonyme de Telecommunications SAT
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Societe Anonyme de Telecommunications SAT
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Publication of EP0408430A1 publication Critical patent/EP0408430A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/286—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons substantially flush mounted with the skin of the craft

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an antenna with a quasi-hemispherical diagram and with a radiating part which supports heat.
  • Such an antenna is used on board high speed aircraft and animated vehicles, subjected to significant temperature rises, for communications of all kinds between these aircraft and in particular the ground or satellites as well as for their navigation. , their piloting, their pursuit, for example.
  • the antenna of the invention can transmit and receive on a central frequency located in a wide range from a few hundred MHz to a few GHz, but with a relatively wide bandwidth, of the order of 10 to 15% of this frequency central.
  • the antenna of the invention must above all be able to withstand temperatures exceeding 1000 ° C.
  • an antenna consisting of a waveguide, one end of which forms the radiating part and is flush with the external surface of the carrier aircraft, the excitation part of the antenna being connected to the other end of the guide.
  • the waveguide structure remains.
  • the wave guide is filled with a refractory dielectric material.
  • this refractory material increases the weight of the antenna.
  • the radiation pattern of such an antenna is not hemispherical.
  • a shunt power supply - which derives from the folded whip antenna, with one end fixed to a ground plane, to which the plane of the antenna is orthogonal, and an excitation point offset beyond the end to ground - this is called a shunt power supply -.
  • the saber antenna is not perfectly suitable.
  • the edge of the antenna parallel to the ground plane is too far from the latter and would therefore be too exposed to overheating and, if the antenna were crushed on the ground plane, to bring the edge of the ground plane closer , the bandwidth, which is normally satisfactory, would deteriorate.
  • the present invention relates to an antenna with a quasi-hemispherical diagram, with radiating part fixed directly to a ground plane and capable of being subjected to severe temperature conditions and with excitation part, electrically connected to the radiating part, distant from it.
  • the radiating part comprises at least one massive monopolar element comprising a foot of great width and of low height fixed to the ground plane and extended by a wide radiating wing extending parallel to the ground plane near this one.
  • the monopolar antenna of the invention can easily be embedded in the fuselage or a protective coating thereof, so that its radiating wing is recessed from its external surface or flush with it and thus not be too subject to temperature rises. Thanks to the extent of the radiating wing and its massive character, the antenna of the invention has a good bandwidth, in any case much better than that of a too narrow saber antenna.
  • the antenna of the invention comprises a grouping of four identical massive monopolar elements arranged in a square and associated in two orthogonal pairs along the diagonals of the square, each of two opposite elements which can be placed symmetrically with respect to the center of the square and in phase opposition between them and phase shifted sde 900 with respect to two other elements.
  • the field radiated by the antenna of the invention has a circular polarization.
  • the antenna elements are arranged inside a housing closed by a radome flush with the external surface of thermal protection plates of an aircraft fuselage.
  • the bottom of the case can constitute the ground plane of the antenna, the monopolar elements and the case can be made in one piece and, even, the case, the monopolar elements and a thermal protection plate can be made in one piece.
  • the antenna of the invention is mounted on the fuselage 1 of an aircraft, covered with thermal protection plates 2 fixed to the fuselage 1 by spacers 3.
  • the antenna comprises a radiating part 4, an excitation part 5 and a set of coaxial supply cables 6.
  • the radiating part 4 is housed in a conductive housing 1, fixed to the fuselage by spacers 8 and slid between protective plates 2 with, here, interposition of an annular seal 11.
  • the antenna receiver box has a flat bottom 9 and a cylindrical wall 10. Near the free edge of the wall 10, extends, internally to it, an annular shoulder 12 for receiving a first fine radome 13 of protection of the radiating part 4 of the antenna and closing the housing 7.
  • the wall of the thermal protection plates 2, adjacent to the housing 7, is shaped, near the housing 7, to present an annular recess portion 14 for receiving a second protective radome 15, flush with the external surface of the plates 2.
  • the radiating part 4 of the antenna comprises, in this case, four identical massive monopolar elements - we see in FIG. 1 only the elements 16 ′, 16 ′′′ - each consisting of a foot 17, of great width and of low height, here perpendicular to the bottom 9 of the housing, and extended by a planar radiating wing 18 extending parallel to the bottom 9 of the housing, set back relative to the external protective radome 15.
  • the radiating wings 18 have a rectangular (square) surface and the elements 16 are arranged in a square, with the feet 17 of the four elements extending respectively along all four sides of the square.
  • the elements 16 are associated two by two - 16 ′ and 16 ⁇ , on the one hand, and 16 ′′′ and 16 ′ v , on the other hand, the elements 16 ⁇ and 16 ′ v are not visible in Figure 1 - to form two orthogonal pairs along the diagonals of the square, the two elements of each pair being opposite and placed symmetrically with respect to the center of the square.
  • the section plane of Figure 1 cuts the radiating wings of the two adjacent elements 16 ′, 16 ′′′ of the two respective pairs.
  • Each monopolar element 16 is therefore massive and is formed in one piece with the bottom 9 of the housing 7.
  • the excitation part 5 of the monopolar elements 16 is distant from the radiating part 4 of the antenna. In the example considered, it is fixed under the fuselage 1 by fasteners 19.
  • This excitation part 5 is in fact made up of a distribution member, on the four radiating elements, of the power arriving by a connector 20 - this could also extend in the extension of this distribution member as indicated in 21 in dashed lines -, and phase distribution on these four elements.
  • the phases are supplied between the distributor and the radiating wings 18, on which the excitation points 24 of the monopolar elements are located, is carried out by the conductive cores 25 of the four cables coaxial 6, including the outer conductive sheaths 26, which are flush with the bottom of the housing to which, on one side, they are fixed, are grounded.
  • the bottom 9 of the housing 7 therefore forms the ground plane of the monopolar elements 16.
  • the sheaths 26 of the cables 6 pass through the fuselage 1 by means of an insulating joint 27 and are connected to the distribution; ir 5 by means of a sliding contact 28 here.
  • the supply of the four monopolar elements 16, by the distributor 5, is here such that the two elements of each pair (16 ′, 16 ⁇ ; 16 ′′′, 16 ′ v ) are in phase opposition (phase shift of 180 °) and that each element is in phase quadrature (90 ° phase shift) with one and the other of the two elements of the other pair.
  • the field radiated by the antenna which has just been described, with four elements respectively in spatial and temporal quadratures, has a circular polarization.
  • the coaxial cables 6 are filled with an insulating material, of the ceramic type resistant to high temperatures.
  • the thermal protection plates are made of refractory material, for example composite, based on carbon protected against oxidation.
  • the radiating monopolar elements are, for example, made of metallic or composite material, conductive and protected against oxidation.
  • the antenna which has just been described has a quasi-hemispherical radiation diagram; its radiating part 4 may be subjected to severe temperature conditions, for example caused by high speeds or re-entry into the layers of the atmosphere; its bandwidth is satisfactory.
  • the housing 37 does not have a radome receiving shoulder.
  • the protective plates 32 also have no radome reception recess.
  • the single radome 35 liver cover for the housing 31, with an upper part 31, which rests on the cylindrical wall 30 of the housing and extends the walls of the adjacent plates 32, and a cylindrical skirt 34 which fits inside of the housing and is extended by an annular ring 33 which rests on the bottom 39 of the housing.
  • the radiating elements 36 are no longer formed in one piece with the housing but attached and fixed by welding to the bottom 39 thereof.
  • the protective plates 42 adjacent to the bostier 47 are again provided with an annular recess portion 44 to receive an annular outer flange 41 extending the cylindrical wall 40 of the housing 47 and a radome single 45, formed of a plate superimposed on the rim 41 and extending the walls of the plates 42.
  • the housing 41 does not have sharp edges.
  • the radiating elements 56, the housing 51 and the adjacent protective plates 52 are formed in one piece of composite material.
  • An annular recess 54 is formed in the plates 52, around the cylindrical wall 50 of the housing, to receive a radome plate 55 extending the walls of the protection plates.

Abstract

The radiating portion (4) comprises at least one solid single-pole element (16) including a foot (17) of large width and small height fixed to the earth plane (9) and prolonged by a wide radiating flange (18) extending parallel to the earth plane (9) close to the latter. The radiating portion (4) is connected electrically to an energising portion (5), and they are remote from one another. The antenna can be used on board aircraft and craft subjected to significant rises in temperature. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne une antenne à diagramme quasi-hémisphérique et à partie rayonnante supportant la chaleur.The present invention relates to an antenna with a quasi-hemispherical diagram and with a radiating part which supports heat.

On utilise une telle antenne à bord d'aéronefs et d'engins animès d'une grande vitesse, soumis à des élévations de température importantes, pour les communications de toutes sortes entre ces aéronefs et notamment le sol ou des satellites ainsi que pour leur navigation, leur pilotage, leur poursuite, par exemple.Such an antenna is used on board high speed aircraft and animated vehicles, subjected to significant temperature rises, for communications of all kinds between these aircraft and in particular the ground or satellites as well as for their navigation. , their piloting, their pursuit, for example.

L'antenne de l'invention peut émettre et recevoir sur une fréquence centrale située dans une large plage allant de quelques centaines de MHz à quelques GHz, mais avec une bande passante relativement large, de l'ordre de 10 à 15 % de cette fréquence centrale.The antenna of the invention can transmit and receive on a central frequency located in a wide range from a few hundred MHz to a few GHz, but with a relatively wide bandwidth, of the order of 10 to 15% of this frequency central.

L'antenne de l'invention doit surtout pouvoir supporter des températures dépassant 1000°C.The antenna of the invention must above all be able to withstand temperatures exceeding 1000 ° C.

On connait déjà une antenne constituée d'un guide d'onde, dont une extrémité forme la partie rayonnante et affleure la surface externe de l'aéronef porteur, la partie d'ex­citation de l'antenne étant raccordée à l'autre extrémité du guide d'onde et éloignée intérieurement de la surface de l'aéronef soumise aux élévations de température. Même en cas d'usure de l'extrémité rayonnante, due à l'échauf­fement, la structure guide d'onde subsiste. Pour bien mettre la partie d'excitation, au fond du guide, à l'abri de la chaleur, le guide d'onde est rempli d'un matériau diélectrique réfractaire Ce matériau refractaire augmente toutefois le poids de l'antenne. En outre, le diagramme de rayonnement d'une telle antenne n'est pas hémisphérique.There is already known an antenna consisting of a waveguide, one end of which forms the radiating part and is flush with the external surface of the carrier aircraft, the excitation part of the antenna being connected to the other end of the guide. wave and internally distant from the surface of the aircraft subjected to temperature rises. Even in the event of wear of the radiating end, due to heating, the waveguide structure remains. To properly place the excitation part, at the bottom of the guide, away from heat, the wave guide is filled with a refractory dielectric material. However, this refractory material increases the weight of the antenna. In addition, the radiation pattern of such an antenna is not hemispherical.

Pour mémoire, on mentionnera ici aussi la possibilité de placer l'antenne sous la protection thermique d'une épaisse couche de diélectrique mais qui déforme par trop le diagramme de rayonnement.For the record, we will also mention here the possibility of placing the antenna under the thermal protection of a thick layer of dielectric but which distorts the radiation pattern too much.

On connait surtout l'antenne "sabre", qui dérive de l'an­tenne fouet repliée, avec une extrémité fixée a un plan de masse, auquel est orthogonal le plan de l'antenne, et un point d'excitation déporté au-delà de l'extrémité à la masse - on parle alors d'une alimentation shunt -.We especially know the "saber" antenna, which derives from the folded whip antenna, with one end fixed to a ground plane, to which the plane of the antenna is orthogonal, and an excitation point offset beyond the end to ground - this is called a shunt power supply -.

Pour l'application définie plus haut, l'antenne sabre n'est toutefois pas parfaitement appropriée. Le bord de l'antenne parallèle au plan de masse est trop éloigné de celui-ci et se trouverait donc trop exposé à l'échauffement et, si on écrasait l'antenne sur le plan de masse, pour rapprocher le bord du plan de masse, la bande passante, qui normalement est satisfaisante, se dégraderait.However, for the application defined above, the saber antenna is not perfectly suitable. The edge of the antenna parallel to the ground plane is too far from the latter and would therefore be too exposed to overheating and, if the antenna were crushed on the ground plane, to bring the edge of the ground plane closer , the bandwidth, which is normally satisfactory, would deteriorate.

A partir de l'antenne sabre, la demanderesse a donc cherché à définir une antenne susceptible de satisfaire aux exi­gences ci-dessus et c'est ainsi qu'elle propose son invention.From the saber antenna, the applicant has therefore sought to define an antenna capable of satisfying the above requirements and this is how it proposes its invention.

La présente invention concerne une antenne à diagramme quasi-hémisphérique, à partie rayonnante fixée directement à un plan de masse et pouvant âtre soumise à des conditions de température sévères et à partie d'excitation, reliée électriquement à la partie rayonnante, éloignée de celle-ci, caractérisée par le fait que la partie rayonnante comporte au moins un élément monopolaire massif comprenant un pied de grande largeur et de faible hauteur fixé au plan de masse et prolongé par une aile rayonnante large s'étendant parallèlement au plan de masse à proximité de celui-ci.The present invention relates to an antenna with a quasi-hemispherical diagram, with radiating part fixed directly to a ground plane and capable of being subjected to severe temperature conditions and with excitation part, electrically connected to the radiating part, distant from it. ci, characterized in that the radiating part comprises at least one massive monopolar element comprising a foot of great width and of low height fixed to the ground plane and extended by a wide radiating wing extending parallel to the ground plane near this one.

Grâce à la configuration écrasée de l'antenne monopolaire de l'invention, elle peut facilement être noyée dans le fuselage ou un revêtement protecteur de celui-ci, pour que son aile rayonnante soit en retrait par rapport à sa sur­face externe ou l'affleure et ne pas être ainsi trop soumise aux élévations de température. Grâce à l'étendue de l'aile rayonnante et à son caractère massif, l'antenne de l'invention présente une bonne bande passante, en tous cas bien meilleure que celle d'une antenne sabre trop étroite.Thanks to the crushed configuration of the monopolar antenna of the invention, it can easily be embedded in the fuselage or a protective coating thereof, so that its radiating wing is recessed from its external surface or flush with it and thus not be too subject to temperature rises. Thanks to the extent of the radiating wing and its massive character, the antenna of the invention has a good bandwidth, in any case much better than that of a too narrow saber antenna.

On notera que la demanderesse, pour passer de l'antenne sabre à l'antenne de son invention, ne s'est pas bornée à élargir la première mais qu'elle a en outre fait preuve d'activité inventive.It will be noted that the plaintiff, in order to go from the saber antenna to the antenna of his invention, did not limit himself to enlarging the first, but that she also demonstrated inventive step.

En effet, il était connu, par l'article "Zncreasing the beamwidth of a microstrip radiating element, de Sanford et Klein, pages 126-129, dans International Symposium Digest, June 18-22, 1979, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society 79 CHl 456-3AP University of Washington, Seattle, Washington," une antenne constituée d'une couche de cuivre, imprimée sur un côté d'un substrat, et d'un plan de masse déposé sur l'autre côté du substrat. Or une telle antenne à circuit imprimé, outre le fait qu'elle résiste mal à la chaleur, qui peut décoller la couche de cuivre du substrat, et bien qu'elle comporte une aile rayonnante étendue, présente une bande passante médiocres Cet article non seulement ne pou­vait donc pas offrir un enseignement utile mais a pu même a priori dissuader la demanderesse d'aller dans le sens de son invention.Indeed, it was known, by the article "Zncreasing the beamwidth of a microstrip radiating element, by Sanford and Klein, pages 126-129, in International Symposium Digest, June 18-22, 1979, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society 79 CHl 456-3AP University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, "an antenna consisting of a layer of copper, printed on one side of a substrate, and a ground plane deposited on the other side of the substrate. However, such a printed circuit antenna, in addition to the fact that it is poorly resistant to heat, which can peel off the copper layer from the substrate, and although it has an extended radiating wing, has poor bandwidth. could not therefore offer useful instruction but could even a priori dissuade the plaintiff from going in the direction of his invention.

Dans une forme de réalisation préférée de l'antenne de l'invention, celle-ci comporte un groupement de quatre éléments monopolaires massifs identiques disposés en carré et associés en deux paires orthogonales le long des dia­gonales du carré, chacune, de deux éléments opposés pouvant être placés symétriquement par rapport au centre du carré et en opposition de phase entre eux et déphasés sde 900 par rapport aux deu) autres éléments.In a preferred embodiment of the antenna of the invention, it comprises a grouping of four identical massive monopolar elements arranged in a square and associated in two orthogonal pairs along the diagonals of the square, each of two opposite elements which can be placed symmetrically with respect to the center of the square and in phase opposition between them and phase shifted sde 900 with respect to two other elements.

Grâce à cette disposition des éléments d'antenne, avec des quadratures spatiale et temporelle, le champ rayonné par l'antenne de l'invention a une polarisation circulaire.Thanks to this arrangement of antenna elements, with spatial and temporal quadratures, the field radiated by the antenna of the invention has a circular polarization.

Avantageusement, les éléments d'antenne sont disposés à l'intérieur d'un boîtier fermé par un radôme affleurant la surface externe de plaques de protection thermique d'un fuselage d'aéronef.Advantageously, the antenna elements are arranged inside a housing closed by a radome flush with the external surface of thermal protection plates of an aircraft fuselage.

Dans ce cas, le fond du boîtier peut constituer le plan de masse de l'antenne, les éléments monopolaires et le boitier peuvent être réalisés d'une seule pièce et, même, le boî­tier, les éléments monopolaires et une plaque de protection thermique peuvent être réalisés d'une seule pièce.In this case, the bottom of the case can constitute the ground plane of the antenna, the monopolar elements and the case can be made in one piece and, even, the case, the monopolar elements and a thermal protection plate can be made in one piece.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description suivante de plusieurs formes de réalisation de l'antenne de l'invention, en référence aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels

  • - la figure 1 représente une vue en coupe d'une première forme de réalisation de l'antenne de l'invention;
  • - la figure 2 représente une vue en coupe d'une deuxième forme de réalisation de l'antenne de l'invention;
  • - la figure 3 représente une vue en coupe d'une troisième forme de réalisation de l'antenne de l'invention;
  • - la figure 4 représente une vue en coupe d'une quatrième forme de réalisation de l'antenne de l'invention.
The invention will be better understood with the aid of the following description of several embodiments of the antenna of the invention, with reference to the appended drawings, in which
  • - Figure 1 shows a sectional view of a first embodiment of the antenna of the invention;
  • - Figure 2 shows a sectional view of a second embodiment of the antenna of the invention;
  • - Figure 3 shows a sectional view of a third embodiment of the antenna of the invention;
  • - Figure 4 shows a sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the antenna of the invention.

En référence à la figure 1, l'antenne de l'invention est montée sur le fuselage 1 d'un aéronef, recouvert de plaques de protection thermique 2 fixées au fuselage 1 par des entretoises 3.With reference to FIG. 1, the antenna of the invention is mounted on the fuselage 1 of an aircraft, covered with thermal protection plates 2 fixed to the fuselage 1 by spacers 3.

L'antenne comporte une partie rayonnante 4, une partie d'excitation 5 et un jeu de câbles coaxiaux d'alimenta­tion 6.The antenna comprises a radiating part 4, an excitation part 5 and a set of coaxial supply cables 6.

La partie rayonnante 4 est logée dans un boîtier conduc­teur 1, fixé au fuselage par des entretoises 8 et glissé entre des plaques de protection 2 avec, ici, interposi­tion d'un joint annulaire 11.The radiating part 4 is housed in a conductive housing 1, fixed to the fuselage by spacers 8 and slid between protective plates 2 with, here, interposition of an annular seal 11.

Le boîtier récepteur de l'antenne comporte un fond plat 9 et une paroi cylindrique 10. A proximité du bord libre de la paroi 10, s'étend, intérieurement à elle, un épaulement annulaire 12 de réception d'un premier radôme fin 13 de protection de la partie rayonnante 4 de l'an­tenne et fermant le boîtier 7. La paroi des plaques de protection thermique 2, adjacentes au boîtier 7, est conformée, à proximité du boîtier 7, pour présenter une portion d'évidement annulaire 14 de réception d'un second radôme de protection 15, affleurant la surface externe des plaques 2.The antenna receiver box has a flat bottom 9 and a cylindrical wall 10. Near the free edge of the wall 10, extends, internally to it, an annular shoulder 12 for receiving a first fine radome 13 of protection of the radiating part 4 of the antenna and closing the housing 7. The wall of the thermal protection plates 2, adjacent to the housing 7, is shaped, near the housing 7, to present an annular recess portion 14 for receiving a second protective radome 15, flush with the external surface of the plates 2.

La partie rayonnante 4 de l'antenne comporte, en l'espèce, quatre éléments monopolaires massifs identiques - on ne voit sur la figure 1 que les éléments 16′, 16‴ - chacun constitué d'un pied 17, de grande largeur et de faible hauteur, ici perpendiculaire au fond 9 du boîtier, et prolongé par une aile rayonnante plane 18 s'étendant parallèlement au fond 9 du boîtier, en retrait par rapport au radôme de protection extérieur 15. Les ailes rayonnantes 18 ont une surface rectangulaire (carrée) et les éléments 16 sont disposés en carré, avec les pieds 17 des quatre éléments s'étendant respectivement le long des quatre côtés du carré. Les éléments 16 sont associés deux à deux - 16′ et 16˝, d'une part, et 16‴ et 16′v, d'autre part, les éléments 16˝ et 16′v n'étant pas visibles sur la figure 1 - pour former deux paires orthogonales le long des diagonales du carré, les deux éléments de chaque paire étant opposés et placés symétri­quement par rapport au centre du carré.The radiating part 4 of the antenna comprises, in this case, four identical massive monopolar elements - we see in FIG. 1 only the elements 16 ′, 16 ‴ - each consisting of a foot 17, of great width and of low height, here perpendicular to the bottom 9 of the housing, and extended by a planar radiating wing 18 extending parallel to the bottom 9 of the housing, set back relative to the external protective radome 15. The radiating wings 18 have a rectangular (square) surface and the elements 16 are arranged in a square, with the feet 17 of the four elements extending respectively along all four sides of the square. The elements 16 are associated two by two - 16 ′ and 16˝, on the one hand, and 16 ‴ and 16 ′ v , on the other hand, the elements 16˝ and 16 ′ v are not visible in Figure 1 - to form two orthogonal pairs along the diagonals of the square, the two elements of each pair being opposite and placed symmetrically with respect to the center of the square.

Le plan de coupe de la figure 1 coupe les ailes rayonnan­tes des deux éléments adjacents 16′, 16‴ des deux paires respectives.The section plane of Figure 1 cuts the radiating wings of the two adjacent elements 16 ′, 16 ‴ of the two respective pairs.

Chaque élément monopolaire 16 est donc massif et est formé d'une seule pièce avec le fond 9 du boîtier 7.Each monopolar element 16 is therefore massive and is formed in one piece with the bottom 9 of the housing 7.

La partie d'excitation 5 des éléments monopolaires 16 est éloignée de la partie rayonnante 4 de l'antenne. Dans l'exemple considéré, elle est fixée sous le fuselage 1 par des attaches 19.The excitation part 5 of the monopolar elements 16 is distant from the radiating part 4 of the antenna. In the example considered, it is fixed under the fuselage 1 by fasteners 19.

Cette partie d'excitation 5 est en fait constituée d'un organe de répartition, sur les quatre éléments rayonnants, de la puissance arrivant par un connecteur 20 - celui-ci pourrait aussi s'étendre dans le prolongement de cet organe de répartition comme indiqué en 21 en traits inter­rompus -, et de répartition de phase sur ces quatre éléments. L'alimentation des phases, entre le répartiteur et les ailes rayonnantes 18, sur lesquelles sont situés les points d'excitation 24 des éléments monopolaires, s'effectue par les âmes conductrices 25 des quatre câbles coaxiaux 6, dont les gaines conductrices extérieures 26, qui affleurent le fond du boîtier auquel, d'un côté, elles sont fixées, sont portées à la masse. Le fond 9 du boîtier 7 forme donc le plan de masse des éléments mono­polaires 16. De l'autre côté, les gaines 26 des câbles 6 traversent le fuselage 1 par l'intermédiaire d'un joint isolant 27 et sont reliées au répartite;ir 5 par l'inter­médiaire ici d'un contact glissant 28.This excitation part 5 is in fact made up of a distribution member, on the four radiating elements, of the power arriving by a connector 20 - this could also extend in the extension of this distribution member as indicated in 21 in dashed lines -, and phase distribution on these four elements. The phases are supplied between the distributor and the radiating wings 18, on which the excitation points 24 of the monopolar elements are located, is carried out by the conductive cores 25 of the four cables coaxial 6, including the outer conductive sheaths 26, which are flush with the bottom of the housing to which, on one side, they are fixed, are grounded. The bottom 9 of the housing 7 therefore forms the ground plane of the monopolar elements 16. On the other side, the sheaths 26 of the cables 6 pass through the fuselage 1 by means of an insulating joint 27 and are connected to the distribution; ir 5 by means of a sliding contact 28 here.

L'alimentation des quatre éléments monopolaires 16, par le répartiteur 5, est ici telle que les deux éléments de chaque paire (16′, 16˝; 16‴, 16′v) sont en opposition de phase (déphasage de 180°) et que chaque élément est en quadrature de phase (déphasage de 90°) avec l'un et l'autre des deux éléments de l'autre paire. Ainsi, le champ rayonné par l'antenne qui vient d'être décrite, avec quatre éléments respectivement en quadratures spa­tiale et temporelle, a une polarisation circulaire.The supply of the four monopolar elements 16, by the distributor 5, is here such that the two elements of each pair (16 ′, 16˝; 16 ‴, 16 ′ v ) are in phase opposition (phase shift of 180 °) and that each element is in phase quadrature (90 ° phase shift) with one and the other of the two elements of the other pair. Thus, the field radiated by the antenna which has just been described, with four elements respectively in spatial and temporal quadratures, has a circular polarization.

Les câbles coaxiaux 6 sont remplis d'un matériau isolant, du type céramique résistant aux hautes températures.The coaxial cables 6 are filled with an insulating material, of the ceramic type resistant to high temperatures.

Les plaques de protection thermique sont en matériau réfractaire, par exemple composite, à base de carbone protégé contre l'oxydation.The thermal protection plates are made of refractory material, for example composite, based on carbon protected against oxidation.

Les éléments monopolaires rayonnants sont, par exemple, en matériau métallique ou composite, conducteur et pro­tégé contre l'oxydation.The radiating monopolar elements are, for example, made of metallic or composite material, conductive and protected against oxidation.

L'antenne qui vient d'être décrite a un diagramme de rayonnement quasi-hémisphérique; sa partie rayonnante 4 peut âtre soumise à des conditions de température sévères, par exemple provoquées par de grandes vitesses ou une rentrée dans les couches de l'atmosphère; sa bande passan­te est satisfaisante.The antenna which has just been described has a quasi-hemispherical radiation diagram; its radiating part 4 may be subjected to severe temperature conditions, for example caused by high speeds or re-entry into the layers of the atmosphere; its bandwidth is satisfactory.

Les formes de réalisation des figures 2-4 de l'antenne de l'invention sont identiques à celle qui vient d'être décrite, à l'exception principalement du boîtier de réception de la partie rayonnante.The embodiments of Figures 2-4 of the antenna of the invention are identical to that which has just been described, with the main exception of the housing for receiving the radiating part.

Dans la forme de réalisation de la figure 2, le boîtier 37 ne comporte pas d'épaulement de réception de radôme. Les plaques de protection 32 n'ont pas non plus d'évide­ment de réception de radôme. Le radôme unique 35 foie couvercle pour le boîtier 31, avec une partie supérieure 31, qui s'appuye sur la paroi cylindrique 30 du boîtier et prolonge les parois des plaques adjacentes 32, et une jupe cylindrique 34 qui s'emboîte à l'intérieur du boîtier et se prolonge par une couronne annulaire 33 qui s'appuye sur le fond 39 du boîtier. En outre, dans cette forme de réalisation de la figure 2, les éléments rayonnants 36 ne sont plus formés d'une seule pièce avec le boîtier mais rapportés et fixés par soudage sur le fond 39 de celui-ci.In the embodiment of Figure 2, the housing 37 does not have a radome receiving shoulder. The protective plates 32 also have no radome reception recess. The single radome 35 liver cover for the housing 31, with an upper part 31, which rests on the cylindrical wall 30 of the housing and extends the walls of the adjacent plates 32, and a cylindrical skirt 34 which fits inside of the housing and is extended by an annular ring 33 which rests on the bottom 39 of the housing. In addition, in this embodiment of Figure 2, the radiating elements 36 are no longer formed in one piece with the housing but attached and fixed by welding to the bottom 39 thereof.

Dans la forme de réalisation de la figure 3, les plaques de protection 42 adjacentes au bostier 47 sont à nouveau pourvues d'une portion d'évidement annulaire 44 pour recevoir un rebord externe annulaire 41 prolongeant la paroi cylindrique 40 du boîtier 47 et un radôme unique 45, formé d'une plaque superposée sur le rebord 41 et prolongeant les parois des plaques 42. Le boîtier 41 ne comporte pas vives.In the embodiment of Figure 3, the protective plates 42 adjacent to the bostier 47 are again provided with an annular recess portion 44 to receive an annular outer flange 41 extending the cylindrical wall 40 of the housing 47 and a radome single 45, formed of a plate superimposed on the rim 41 and extending the walls of the plates 42. The housing 41 does not have sharp edges.

Dans la forme de réalisation de la figure 4, les éléments rayonnants 56, le boîtier 51 et les plaques de protection adjacentes 52 sont formés d'une seule pièce en matériau composite. Un évidement annulaire 54 est ménagé dans les plaques 52, autour de la paroi cylindrique 50 du boîtier, pour recevoir une plaque-radôme 55 prolongeant les parois des plaques de protection.In the embodiment of Figure 4, the radiating elements 56, the housing 51 and the adjacent protective plates 52 are formed in one piece of composite material. An annular recess 54 is formed in the plates 52, around the cylindrical wall 50 of the housing, to receive a radome plate 55 extending the walls of the protection plates.

Claims (9)

1. Antenne à diagramme quasi-hémisphérique, à partie rayonnante (4) fixée directement à un plan de masse (9) et pouvant être soumise à des conditions de température sévères et à partie d'excitation (5), reliée électriquement à la partie rayonnante (4), éloignée de celle-ci, carac­térisée par le fait que la partie rayonnante (4) comporte au moins un élément monopolairemassif (16), comprenant un pied (17) de grande largeur et de faible hauteur fixé au plan de masse (9) et prolongo par une aile rayonnante large (18) s'étendant parallèlement au plan de masse (9) à proximité de celui-ci.1. Antenna with a quasi-hemispherical diagram, with radiating part (4) fixed directly to a ground plane (9) and capable of being subjected to severe temperature conditions and with excitation part (5), electrically connected to the part radiating (4), remote from it, characterized in that the radiating part (4) comprises at least one monopolar mass element (16), comprising a foot (17) of large width and low height fixed to the ground plane (9) and extended by a wide radiating wing (18) extending parallel to the ground plane (9) near the latter. 2. Antenne selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le point d'excitation (24) se trouve sur l'aile rayonnante (18).2. An antenna according to claim 1, in which the excitation point (24) is located on the radiating wing (18). 3. Antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, dans laquelle la partie rayonnante (4) est disposée à l'inté­rieur d'un boîtier (7) fermé par au moins un radôme (15).3. Antenna according to one of claims 1 and 2, in which the radiating part (4) is disposed inside a housing (7) closed by at least one radome (15). 4. Antenne selon la revendication 3, dans laquelle le boîtier (7) comporte un fond (9) constituant le plan de masse de l'élément monopolaire (16).4. Antenna according to claim 3, in which the housing (7) has a bottom (9) constituting the ground plane of the monopolar element (16). 5. Antenne selon l'une des revendications 3 et 4, dans laquelle le radôme (15) prolonge les parois de plaques de protection thermique adjacentes (2).5. An antenna according to one of claims 3 and 4, wherein the radome (15) extends the walls of adjacent thermal protection plates (2). 6. Antenne selon la revendication 5, dans laquelle le boîtier (57) et les plaques de protection thermique (52) sont réalisés seule pièce.6. An antenna according to claim 5, in which the housing (57) and the thermal protection plates (52) are made in one piece. 7. Antenne selon l'une des revendications 3 à 6, dans laquelle l'élément monopolaire (16) et le boîtier (7) sont formés d'une seule pièce.7. Antenna according to one of claims 3 to 6, in which the monopolar element (16) and the housing (7) are formed in one piece. 8. Antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, dans laquelle il est prévu un groupement de quatre éléments monopolaires massifs identiques (16′, 16˝, 16‴, 16′v).8. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 7, in which there is provided a grouping of four identical massive monopolar elements (16 ′, 16‴, 16 ‴, 16 ′ v ). 9. Antenne selon la revendication 3, dans laquelle les éléments monopolaires (16′, 16˝, 16‴, 16′v) sont dispo­sés en carré et sont associés deux à deux pour former deux paires orthogonales le long des diagonales du carré, les deux éléments de chaque paire étant opposés et placés symétriquement par rapport au centre du carré.9. Antenna according to claim 3, in which the monopolar elements (16 ′, 16˝, 16 ‴, 16 ′ v ) are arranged in a square and are associated in pairs to form two orthogonal pairs along the diagonals of the square, the two elements of each pair being opposite and placed symmetrically with respect to the center of the square.
EP90401958A 1989-07-11 1990-07-06 Antenna with a hemispheric radiation pattern and heatproof radiating elements Expired - Lifetime EP0408430B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8909298 1989-07-11
FR8909298A FR2649832B1 (en) 1989-07-11 1989-07-11 ANTENNA HAVING A NEARLY HEMISPHERIC RADIATION DIAGRAM AND A RADIANT PART SUPPORTING HEAT

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EP0408430A1 true EP0408430A1 (en) 1991-01-16
EP0408430B1 EP0408430B1 (en) 1995-01-04

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EP (1) EP0408430B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69015718T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2649832B1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2686193A1 (en) * 1992-01-14 1993-07-16 Telecommunications Sa HIGH GAIN DIRECTIVE ANTENNA WITH RADIANT PART SUPPORTING HEAT.
GB2375235A (en) * 2000-12-07 2002-11-06 Duncan John Telfer Multiple monopole aerial

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3384895A (en) * 1966-01-19 1968-05-21 James E. Webb Nose cone mounted heat-resistant antenna
US4006480A (en) * 1976-02-03 1977-02-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Antenna window assembly for ablative heat shields
US4162499A (en) * 1977-10-26 1979-07-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Flush-mounted piggyback microstrip antenna
GB2067842A (en) * 1980-01-16 1981-07-30 Secr Defence Microstrip Antenna
US4287518A (en) * 1980-04-30 1981-09-01 Nasa Cavity-backed, micro-strip dipole antenna array
US4709240A (en) * 1985-05-06 1987-11-24 Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. Rugged multimode antenna
EP0270209A2 (en) * 1986-11-29 1988-06-08 Nortel Networks Corporation Dual-band circularly polarised antenna with hemispherical coverage

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3384895A (en) * 1966-01-19 1968-05-21 James E. Webb Nose cone mounted heat-resistant antenna
US4006480A (en) * 1976-02-03 1977-02-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Antenna window assembly for ablative heat shields
US4162499A (en) * 1977-10-26 1979-07-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Flush-mounted piggyback microstrip antenna
GB2067842A (en) * 1980-01-16 1981-07-30 Secr Defence Microstrip Antenna
US4287518A (en) * 1980-04-30 1981-09-01 Nasa Cavity-backed, micro-strip dipole antenna array
US4709240A (en) * 1985-05-06 1987-11-24 Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. Rugged multimode antenna
EP0270209A2 (en) * 1986-11-29 1988-06-08 Nortel Networks Corporation Dual-band circularly polarised antenna with hemispherical coverage

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Title
INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM DIGEST *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2686193A1 (en) * 1992-01-14 1993-07-16 Telecommunications Sa HIGH GAIN DIRECTIVE ANTENNA WITH RADIANT PART SUPPORTING HEAT.
EP0552095A1 (en) * 1992-01-14 1993-07-21 SAT (Société Anonyme de Télécommunications) Directional antenna with high gain and with heatproof radiating element
GB2375235A (en) * 2000-12-07 2002-11-06 Duncan John Telfer Multiple monopole aerial
GB2375235B (en) * 2000-12-07 2004-04-28 Duncan John Telfer Multiple monopole aerial

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2649832B1 (en) 1992-01-24
DE69015718T2 (en) 1995-08-17
FR2649832A1 (en) 1991-01-18
EP0408430B1 (en) 1995-01-04
DE69015718D1 (en) 1995-02-16

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