EP0407776A2 - Rundfunk-Telemetrie-Überwachungssystem - Google Patents

Rundfunk-Telemetrie-Überwachungssystem Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0407776A2
EP0407776A2 EP90111713A EP90111713A EP0407776A2 EP 0407776 A2 EP0407776 A2 EP 0407776A2 EP 90111713 A EP90111713 A EP 90111713A EP 90111713 A EP90111713 A EP 90111713A EP 0407776 A2 EP0407776 A2 EP 0407776A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radio telemetry
signal
monitoring sensor
voltage
radio
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP90111713A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0407776A3 (en
Inventor
David George Seals
Elzie Monroe Mcdonald, Jr.
Herbert Woody Blair, Jr.
Christina Phan Tran
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
COLLMER SEMICONDUCTOR Inc
Original Assignee
COLLMER SEMICONDUCTOR Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by COLLMER SEMICONDUCTOR Inc filed Critical COLLMER SEMICONDUCTOR Inc
Publication of EP0407776A2 publication Critical patent/EP0407776A2/de
Publication of EP0407776A3 publication Critical patent/EP0407776A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/01—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
    • G08B25/10—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium using wireless transmission systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to electric fence monitors, security systems and radio telemetry, and more specifically to improved techniques of reliably reporting faults or sensor changes in electric fence monitors and security systems using radio telemetry.
  • This invention provides for apparatus and methods for reliably monitoring the condition of remote physical objects, such as charge on electric fences and intrusions into secured areas, by using a radio telemetry link Inputs to a transmitter may indicate, for example, the absence of charge on an electric fence, closure of a metallic switch, or a low battery charge condition.
  • Other possible applications of the present invention include, but are not limited to, monitoring water tank and other liquid levels, closure of gates, engine operation, vehicle traffic across a point, vibration and sound levels, motion and velocity levels, and temperature and pressure limits; as well as the detection and reporting of fire, smoke, water, gas, physical movements, entry of people into buildings and the arrival of vehicles. Changes in the inputs of the transmitter are reliably reported to a receiver using radio telemetry techniques.
  • the receiver which may be mobile, receives and decodes the radio signal and thereby monitors the electric fence or secured area.
  • the present invention has several features which provide for more cost-effective and reliable monitoring and reporting than prior apparatus and methods: digital signalling techniques, frequency shift keying, low duty cycle timing, data filtering, data error detection, fail-­ safe techniques, special fence charge sensors, and instant fault reporting.
  • a plurality of radio transmitters and receivers may share a common radio frequency.
  • Each receiver and transmitter is assigned a unique address code, thereby permitting those receivers and transmitters in the system to ignore other radios or systems operating on the same radio frequency.
  • Other systems in close proximity that share the same radio frequency create, however, the potential for interference.
  • on-to-off duty cycle time of the transmitter is in milliseconds-to-minutes.
  • a reliable radio telemetry link is provided by the use of frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation of the radio frequency (RF) signal to transmit digital data containing the inputs to the transmitter.
  • FSK frequency shift keying
  • RF radio frequency
  • an RF carrier signal is shifted between two frequencies within an allowed radio frequency spectrum.
  • Frequency modulation such as FSK, has the inherent ability to reject impulse noise associated with thunderstorms and automobile ignitions.
  • FSK provides a more reliable radio telemetry link.
  • the data to be transmitted is filtered to change the fast-rising and fast-falling edges of the digital waveform to a trapezoidal waveshape.
  • the trapezoidal waveshape requires a smaller transmission bandwidth spectrum than the normal digital waveform, thus permitting faster transmission data rates.
  • digital error detecting circuits are used in the transmitter and receiver.
  • the receiver has associated with it circuitry that monitors the time between which the remote radio telemetry transmitter transmits updates on the states of the monitoring sensors. If a transmitter fails to "check in” after a predetermined time, the remote transmitter is considered to be in fault.
  • This fail-safe monitoring circuitry is comprised of a count-down circuit which is reset each time an address code is received that matches a transmitter code in the system. If a preset count-down time is allowed to elapse without reset, the user is alerted by visual and/or audio alarms that a system failure has occurred.
  • Another feature of this invention is a fence charge sensor.
  • An electric fence is typically charged with high-voltage pulses of either positive or negative polarity at a constant rate or frequency.
  • the fence charge sensor converts the narrow high-voltage pulse into a logic high or logic low level, depending upon whether the voltage magnitude of the pulse is above or below a predetermined voltage level. If more than a predetermined number of successive pulses are missed, the number of pulses being chosen to accommodate the occasional grounding by weeds blown against the fence, the fence charge sensor output goes low, indicating a fault condition in the electric fence.
  • Yet another feature of the invention is an antenna circuit comprising an antenna counterpoise wire in addition to the antenna so as to significantly improve system performance by increasing radio frequency energy coupling into and out of the atmosphere.
  • the radio telemetry transmitter block diagram is shown. Connected to the radio telemetry transmitter are fence charge sensor 10, metallic contact sensor 12 and battery charge sensor 16, though just one sensor need be connected.
  • fence input 9 is connected directly to an electric fence.
  • the voltage on the electric fence takes the form of a series of very high voltage pulses of either positive or negative polarity, and ranges from 0 to 10,000 volts. Special care, thus, must be taken to insulate fence input 9 from short-circuiting or arcing to nearby objects.
  • Earth input 11 is connected to a ground rod driven sufficiently deep into the earth's soil to provide a return current path.
  • Resistors 102 and 104 form a high impedance, high-voltage divider between fence input 9 and earth input 11.
  • the resistance values for divider resistors 102 and 104 are selected to upset the steady state balance of the input circuit of comparator 111, comprised of high impedance reference voltage sources 1 and 2 and diodes 107 and 108, when a voltage of a predetermined, minimum magnitude is applied between fence input 9 and earth input 11.
  • reference voltage 2 connected to the non-inverting input of comparator 111, is slightly more positive than reference voltage 1, connected to the inverting input of comparator 111. This holds the voltages at the output line 112 of comparator 111 to a logic high.
  • Voltage references 1 and 2 are each supplied by a high impedance voltage source, the voltage of which depends on the magnitude of the current supplied by them.
  • Voltage reference 1 is set so that, when the voltage placed across fence input 9 and earth input 11 is positive and exceeds the minimum magnitude, diode 107 is forward biased and conducting. Diode 108 remains reverse biased and does not conduct. Current flowing through diode 107 has the effect of raising the voltage at the inverting input of comparator 111 higher than the voltage at the non-inverting input, thereby causing the output on line 112 of comparator 111 to go low.
  • diode 108 When a negative voltage exceeding the predetermined magnitude is placed across earth input 11 and fence input 9, diode 108 is forward biased and conducting. The current is supplied from reference voltage 2, thereby causing the voltage at the non-inverting input to drop below the voltage at the inverting input. The voltage on output line 112 of comparator 111 goes low. Whenever the voltage on output line 112 goes low, the fence is, therefore, either positively or negatively charged.
  • transistor switch 117 When the voltage on output line 112 is held to a logic low level, transistor switch 117 turns on and supplies current through resistor 119 to charge capacitor 121 at a rate much faster than it is discharged through a resistor 124, connected in parallel with capacitor 121. The voltage across capacitor 121 is supplied to the inverting input of comparator 128; voltage reference 4 is connected to the non-inverting input. When the output of comparator 111 is low, causing transistor switch 117 to charge capacitor 121, the voltage across this capacitor exceeds voltage reference 4, thereby holding the voltage on the output of comparator 128 to a logic low. When the voltage on output line 112 is held high, transistor switch 117 turns off, allowing resistor 124 to slowly discharge capacitor 121.
  • resistor 119 and capacitor 121 are selected to allow sufficient charging from a pulse which has a duration of less than 300 microseconds and repetition rate of 1 second.
  • resistor 124 is chosen so that several missed pulses, which occur when weeds contact charged fence wires during strong winds, will not cause incorrect fence fault reporting.
  • battery charge sensor 16 monitors the voltage of battery 18.
  • the output voltage of battery 18 is applied to the battery charge sensor circuit 16 on line 17.
  • Battery charge sensor 16 is a threshold detector circuit and operates by raising the voltage on line 23 to a logic high when the voltage of battery 18 falls below a predetermined value.
  • the output voltage of battery 18 is also connected to a power supply 19 via line 17. All radio telemetry transmitter circuits shown in FIGURE 1 obtain power from power supply 19 via line 20.
  • the radio telemetry transmitter sends sensor data to a receiver at regular intervals.
  • an internal timer 30, driven by a clock 28 via line 29, controls the timing of the cycles.
  • clock 28 provides, on line 29, a square wave pulse train at a frequency controlled by a resistor and capacitor timing circuit.
  • a typical duty cycle is illustrated in FIGURE 3.
  • the internal timer 30 includes a binary counter and reset circuit. The binary counter counts a predetermined number of clock pulses and resets itself to zero and starts the process again. The reset pulse generated by the reset circuit also appears on line 31 and initiates the data transmission sequence.
  • the reset pulse generated by internal timer 30 on line 31 is coupled to a timing and power control circuit 38.
  • Timing and power control circuit 38 after receiving a pulse on line 31, switches on a radio transmitter 44 and FSK modulator 42 by placing battery voltage on line 39.
  • the logic signal from the timing and power control circuit 38 on line 36 changes states, triggering a data encoder 32 to transmit data to the modulator circuit.
  • the logic level of the voltage on line 37 from the data encoder 32 changes to indicate "end of transmission" and to reset timing and power control circuit 38.
  • Resetting timing and power control circuit 38 causes battery voltage to be removed from line 39. By removing battery voltage from radio transmitter 44 and FSK modulator 42 the battery 18 is reduced to standby power consumption to maximize useful battery life.
  • the radio telemetry transmitter also transmits when a fault is indicated by one of the sensors.
  • a pulse of short duration on line 27 from pulse forming circuit 26 overrides the normal duty cycle and causes internal timer to generate a reset pulse on line 31 and initiate a data transmission sequence for immediate transmission of data indicating a fence charge fault, metallic switch closure, or low battery charge condition.
  • the fence charge sensor 10 is connected to the pulse forming circuit 26 through line 21, the pulse forming circuit generates a narrow pulse in response to the rising edge of a voltage transition in the output of the fence charge sensor. The voltage transition indicates a failure in the fence charge.
  • the internal timer circuit 30 In response to the voltage transition, the internal timer circuit 30 causes the timing and power control circuit 38 to initiate the transmission of a fence charge fault condition on the instant of its occurrence.
  • the input of the pulse forming circuit 26 may also be connected to metallic contact sensor 12 to report switch closing for security applications.
  • an error detection generator 24 receives data signals from the fence charge sensor 10, the metallic contact sensor 12, and the battery charge sensor 16. These data signals, on lines 21, 22 and 23, respectively, are evaluated by the error detection generator 24 to determine parity. If the data signals on these lines have data values of even parity, the error detection generator 24 produces an output voltage on line 25 at a logic high; otherwise, the voltage on line 25 remains at a logic low. Signals on lines 21, 22, 23 and 25 comprise data which is to be encoded in a data encoder 32 and transmitted to a remote receiver-decoder.
  • Data encoder 32 combines the unique address code from an address patch 34 and data signals on lines 21, 22, 23 and 25 into a serial data stream.
  • the typical bit pattern of the serial data stream is shown in FIGURE 4 and comprises address code bits 83 followed by the bits of data 84 from data signals on lines 21, 22, 23 and 25.
  • the serial data stream is gated out on line 35.
  • the serial data stream output from data encoder 32 on line 35 connects to the input of the data filter 40.
  • the serial data stream on line 35 connects to an integrator comprising a resistor 87, capacitor 91 and comparator 92.
  • Voltage reference 5 on line 93 provides the reference voltage for comparator 92.
  • Values for resistor 87 and capacitor 91 are selected to cause the fast rising and falling edges of the data stream to be reshaped into a ramped-square wave as shown in FIGURE 5.
  • Zener diodes 88 and 90 limit voltage peaks in the data signals to the breakdown voltage characteristics of the diodes.
  • the waveform of the output data signals therefore, has an overall trapezoidal waveshape. Filtering each data signal into a trapezoidal waveshape limits the radio frequency (RF) modulation spectrum bandwidth to allow for faster transmitted data rates than would be possible without filtering.
  • RF radio frequency
  • the output of data filter 40 is connected by means of line 41 to the input of an FSK modulator 42.
  • FSK modulator 42 is comprised of a voltage controlled crystal oscillator with its voltage input being the filtered serial data stream on line 41.
  • the output of FSK modulator 42 is an RF signal modulated by the filtered serial data stream.
  • the modulated RF signal is amplified and impedance matched to antenna 46.
  • the amplified RF signal is connected to antenna 46 via line 45 for transmission to a remote receiver.
  • the antenna 46 comprising a transmitter antenna 129, case 130 and antenna counterpoise wire or antenna tail 131. Balancing high frequency energy between the antenna 129 and antenna tail 131 significantly improves the transmission of radio frequency energy from the antenna 46.
  • the length of the antenna tail 131 is slightly less than one-fourth of the free space wavelength of the RF signal at its operating frequency, or some integral multiple of one-fourth of a wavelength.
  • the performance of the receiver antenna to be described is also improved by using a counterpoise wire.
  • FIGURE 6 there is shown a block diagram of the radio telemetry receiver.
  • System power is supplied to all circuit components of the telemetry receiver from either a transformer-rectifier-filter circuit or an appropriate battery.
  • Antenna 47 intercepts the transmitted signal from the antenna 46 and supplies it via line 48 to a radio receiver and frequency shift keying (FSK) detector circuitry 49.
  • the radio receiver and FSK detector receive and demodulate the RF signal, and produces on line 50 a replica of the filtered serial data stream signal along with unwanted noise.
  • a Filter and Schmitt-Trigger waveshaping circuit 51 which contains an audio bandpass filter to bracket the data bandwidth spectrum and remove unwanted noise from the serial data stream signal.
  • the Schmitt-Trigger waveshaping circuit removes the trapezoidal waveshape from the signal which had previously been added as a processing step in the telemetry transmitter. After filtering and reshaping, the serial data stream is transferred to a data decoder 53 via line 52.
  • Data decoder 53 compares a unique preprogrammed address code, supplied by address patch 55 via line 54, to the serial data stream on line 52. As the serial data stream is received, the address code bits are compared to the unique address code on line 54. If a match occurs, the signals corresponding to the data portion 84 of the serial data stream are transferred as data input to lines 62, 63, 64 and 65, and the voltage on line 66 goes to a logic high.
  • Data input on lines 62, 63, 64 and 65 is checked for correct parity by an error detection decoder and latch 70.
  • Parity is checked by parity decoder 99. Correct parity is indicated by a logic high on line 98. If the voltage on line 98 is a logic high and the voltage on line 66 is a logic high, indicating that a valid address was received, the voltage output of AND gate 94 on line 61 is a logic high. A logic high on line 61 indicates a valid address code was received and the correct parity was detected.
  • Line 61 is connected to the enable input of a latch 100. A logic high on line 61 enables latch 100 to store the data appearing on lines 95, 96 and 97, which correspond to the data on lines 62, 63 and 64, respectively, and provide it to lines 75, 76 and 77, respectively.
  • data line 75 is connected to a fence fault indicator 78 and indicates if a fault has occurred in the charged fence.
  • data line 76 is connected to a switch contact indicator 79 to indicate whether the switch 14 is opened or closed.
  • Data line 77 is connected to a low battery indicator 80 which indicates whether the battery voltage has dropped below a predetermined level.
  • an alarm driver 74 having a fourth input connected to line 67 from a counter 60. If the voltage on any of these four lines goes to a logic high, the voltage on line 71, connected to the output of alarm driver 74, also goes to a logic high. When switch 72 is closed, thus connecting line 71 to line 73, the logic high will cause an audible alarm to sound thereby indicating that there is a fence fault, a switch contact closure, a low battery, or that the fail-safe timer has timed out.
  • the fail-safe timer comprises a clock 58 and counter 60.
  • Clock 58 is a square wave oscillator whose frequency is controlled by a resistor and capacitor timing circuit.
  • Line 59 connects the output of clock 58 to counter 60 so that counter 60 never stops counting during the operation of clock 58.
  • Counter 60 is reset to zero and starts counting again only when a valid address code and correct data parity check is detected by the error detection decoder and latch 70 and indicated by the voltage on line 61 going to a logic high.
  • a logic high on line 61 which is connected to the reset input of counter 60, causes counter 60 to restart its counting sequence. If counter 60 is allowed to count to a preprogrammed final count without being reset, the voltage signal on line 67 goes to a logic high.
  • a logic high on line 67 is inverted by an inverter 68 and causes the voltage on line 69 to switch to a logic low.
  • a radio indicator light 82 turns off, indicating that either no signal has been received, data parity errors have occurred or that a valid code match has not occurred. If switch 72 is closed, an audible alarm will also occur when the signal on line 67 goes high, alerting a user that a failure has occurred in the system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
EP19900111713 1989-07-14 1990-06-21 Radio telemetry monitoring system Withdrawn EP0407776A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US37993989A 1989-07-14 1989-07-14
US379939 1989-07-14

Publications (2)

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EP0407776A2 true EP0407776A2 (de) 1991-01-16
EP0407776A3 EP0407776A3 (en) 1991-09-18

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19900111713 Withdrawn EP0407776A3 (en) 1989-07-14 1990-06-21 Radio telemetry monitoring system

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EP (1) EP0407776A3 (de)
AU (1) AU5755490A (de)
BR (1) BR9003382A (de)
CA (1) CA2020228A1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA904976B (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19712733A1 (de) * 1997-03-26 1998-10-08 Braun Ag Telemetriesystem mit mindestens einem Telemetrie-Sender und einer Uhr, die einen Telemetrie-Empfänger aufweist
WO1999017477A2 (en) * 1997-10-01 1999-04-08 Honeywell Inc. Multi tier wireless communication system
WO2000022750A1 (en) * 1998-10-15 2000-04-20 Ullrich Holdings Ltd. System and method for electronically signalling along a fence line
US8929228B2 (en) 2004-07-01 2015-01-06 Honeywell International Inc. Latency controlled redundant routing
CN109975304A (zh) * 2017-12-28 2019-07-05 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 自动流转的全自动故障指示器流水线检测系统及方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU506255B2 (en) * 1977-06-15 1979-12-20 R Laube Electric fence alarm
US4220949A (en) * 1978-05-03 1980-09-02 Diversified Manufacturing & Marketing Co., Inc. Electric fence monitor and alarm apparatus and method
WO1982000936A1 (en) * 1980-08-29 1982-03-18 Begg G Alarm system for electric fences
EP0107390A1 (de) * 1982-09-30 1984-05-02 Sentrol, Inc. Überwachtes drahtloses Sicherheitssystem

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU506255B2 (en) * 1977-06-15 1979-12-20 R Laube Electric fence alarm
US4220949A (en) * 1978-05-03 1980-09-02 Diversified Manufacturing & Marketing Co., Inc. Electric fence monitor and alarm apparatus and method
WO1982000936A1 (en) * 1980-08-29 1982-03-18 Begg G Alarm system for electric fences
EP0107390A1 (de) * 1982-09-30 1984-05-02 Sentrol, Inc. Überwachtes drahtloses Sicherheitssystem

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON CRIME COUNTERMEASURES, Kentucky, 6th - 8th April 1977, pages 217-220; J.H. BUDIANSKY: "Portable RF alarm link system" *

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19712733A1 (de) * 1997-03-26 1998-10-08 Braun Ag Telemetriesystem mit mindestens einem Telemetrie-Sender und einer Uhr, die einen Telemetrie-Empfänger aufweist
WO1999017477A2 (en) * 1997-10-01 1999-04-08 Honeywell Inc. Multi tier wireless communication system
WO1999017477A3 (en) * 1997-10-01 1999-09-02 Honeywell Inc Multi tier wireless communication system
US7027416B1 (en) 1997-10-01 2006-04-11 Honeywell, Inc. Multi tier wireless communication system
WO2000022750A1 (en) * 1998-10-15 2000-04-20 Ullrich Holdings Ltd. System and method for electronically signalling along a fence line
US6911900B1 (en) 1998-10-15 2005-06-28 Tru-Test Limited System and method for electronically signalling along a fence line
US8929228B2 (en) 2004-07-01 2015-01-06 Honeywell International Inc. Latency controlled redundant routing
CN109975304A (zh) * 2017-12-28 2019-07-05 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 自动流转的全自动故障指示器流水线检测系统及方法
CN109975304B (zh) * 2017-12-28 2021-07-09 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 自动流转的全自动故障指示器流水线检测系统及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU5755490A (en) 1991-01-17
ZA904976B (en) 1992-02-26
BR9003382A (pt) 1991-08-27
EP0407776A3 (en) 1991-09-18
CA2020228A1 (en) 1991-01-15

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